Final

AUTOMATIC CAR WASHING AND DRYING SYSTEM
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Automatic car washing system is very common in developed countries. Car
washing system is usually associated with fuel filling stations. It consists of large
machines with automated brushes controlled by program logical controllers. Automatic
car washing system is fully automated with different stages of foaming, washing, drying
and brushing. Different types of car washing systems are discussed in this report. This
system uses large quantity of water, thus water recycling plant is also an integral part of
the automatic car washing system but at this level we are only presented the car
washing only. We studied some of the car washing systems from Internet and decided
to do this project.
As compared to the foreign countries this system is used in very less no of cities
in India because of its cost and complexity. But we have tried to minimize it according
to the device list which will be definitely helpful for our project.
The first automatic car washes appeared in the late 1930s. Automatic car washes
consist of tunnel-like buildings into which customers (or attendants) drive. Some car
washes have their customers pay through a computerized POS (point of sale unit), also
known as an "automatic cashier". The mechanism inputs the wash PLU into a master
computer or a tunnel controller automatically. When the sale is automated, after paying
the car is put into a line-up often called the stack or queue. The stack moves
sequentially, so the wash knows what each car purchased. After pulling up to the tunnel
entrance, an attendant usually guides the customer onto the track or conveyor. At some
washes, both tires will pass over a tire sensor, and the system will send several rollers.
The tire sensor lets the wash know where the wheels are and how far apart they are. On
other systems the employee may guide the customer on and hit a 'Send Car' button on
the tunnel controller, to manually send the rollers which push the car through. When the
customer is on the conveyor, the attendant will instruct the customer to put the vehicle
into neutral, release all brakes, and refrain from steering. Failure to do so can cause an
accident on the conveyor. The rollers come up behind the tires, pushing the car through
a detector, which measures vehicle length, allowing the controller to tailor the wash to
each individual vehicle. The equipment frame, or arches, varies in number and type. A
PD.DR.V.V.P. Poly Loni. Page 1

good car wash makes use of many different pieces of equipment and stages of chemical
application to thoroughly clean the vehicle.
Fig. 1.1 Introduction Automatic Car Washing and Drying System

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Literature review
K. Vidyasagar, R. Ramprasad & P. Nagasekhar in RFID-GSM Autonomous Car
Washing System explained about the use of microcontroller to process to process the
operation of automatic car washer. It describes use of various IR sensors, RFID
technology & GSM technology. To transfer the vehicle from entry point to workstation
conveyer mechanism is used. Dirty surface location on car is traced by dust particle
detection sensor. Sprinkler and drying mechanism is used for washing of vehicle.
RFID-GSM technology is to be used where RFID avoids wrong detection of vehicles
while GSM technology is used to inform customer about washing status of the vehicle.
Mr. Bambare Tejas, Ms. Bondre Varsha, Mr. Kapse Manoj, Mr. Khairnar Ketan,
Mr. Kotkar in Automatic car washing and drying system explains about the use of
electro-mechanical system for controlling automatic car washer. The mechanism for
automatic car washer includes lifting of parallel vehicles and moving in forward
direction. Then washing of vehicles takes place firstly with foam water then with soap
water and again with clean water. Finally vehicle is lifted again and placed back
parallel. The system is mainly divided into two section namely mechanical assembly
and electrical control. It stresses the use of MICROCONTROLER in controlling of car
washer.
Mr. Amir Hossein, Daei Sorkhabi & Bita Khazini in Manufacturing of full automatic
carwash using with intelligent control algorithm explains about the use of
Programmable logic controller (MICROCONTROLER) in intelligent automatic car
washer. The intelligent car washer has the ability to sense the dimensions of the car.
The dimensions of vehicle plays important role to adjust various parameters such as
washing brush position and time duration. This automation helps to increase speed,
accuracy, productivity, safety along with reducing time and cost of washing.
Mr. Vivek Kumar Yadav, Suryansh Tyagi & Gulshan Kumar in Automatic car
washing using MICROCONTROLER explained MICROCONTROLER based
automatic car washer. MICROCONTROLER is a programmable micro controller

which is a type of micro controller, in which car enters washing centre and
automatically gets cleaned up. They have various components in the system such as
conveyer belts, sensors, DC motors, brushes & dryers. All this components are
controlled by MICROCONTROLER. Approximately 35 gallons of water is used in
washing of vehicle.
Also washing of vehicle produces micro scratches on vehicle which is overcome in this.
The main component of the project is MICROCONTROLER & SMPS which are
connected. The SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply) to convert electrical power
efficiently. SMPS transfers power from source like main power. Now this power enters
MICROCONTROLER which is a digital computer used in industries for typical
industrial electromechanical process. There are multiple arrangements of input and
output in MICROCONTROLER which can be digital or analog.
Prof. Mhaske D.A., Bhavthankar R.G., Saindane A.R., Drade D.J. in

MICROCONTROLER based car washing system explained about the use of
MICROCONTROLER 8051for processing the operation of automatic car washer.
MICROCONTROLER 8051 is normally called as Programmable controller. It is a
strong state, computerized, Industrial Computer stations. It comprises of vast machines
with robotized brushes controlled by project legitimate controllers. Programmed auto
washing framework is completely robotized with various phases of frothing, washing,
drying and brushing. The MICROCONTROLER recognizes what to do through a
project that was created and afterward gone into its memory. Programmable rationale
controller is one of the best robotized gadgets, which is particularly used to work the
particular framework programmed.
Seyyed M. M. Saber and Joao M. Nobrega in Design of a drying system for a

rollover carwash machine using CFD explained about a drying system for a rollover
carwash machine using CFD. A model is presented for the detachment of water droplets
on solid surfaces based on airflow-imposed shear stress. This system is composed of a
pair of stationary vertical dryers and a moveable horizontal dryer that can adjust itself to
the contour of a vehicle. One of the main design patents for a rollover carwash was
proposed by Schleeter which is a portable apparatus comprising of an upright U-shaped
system. . The travelling frame is first moved in one direction so that the body is washed,
and then in reverse to dry the vehicle. The architecture of the drying system of the

present rollover car washing machines is composed of two fixed vertical dryers on the
sides, which are accommodated in the columns and fed by two centrifugal fans, and
also a movable horizontal dryer with two centrifugal fans mounted at each end. This
system of a carwash machine effectively forces the water droplets downwards away
from the roof and sides of the vehicle.
Zeenal Lalluwadia ,Nidhi Bhatia, Jayana Rana, in Automatic car washing system
using MICROCONTROLER explained about car washing system using SCADA and
MICROCONTROLER. The washing system has three main processes namely washing,
cleaning and drying. Hence the exterior of the car will be washed by detecting the car
on conveyor belt and further controlled by MICROCONTROLER &SCADA. It
consists Conveyor Belt, DC Motor, Inductive Type Proximity sensor,
MICROCONTROLER, Relay, and Solenoid Valve. This system utilizes control using
MICROCONTROLER, SCADA system will be installed on the operator panel and
hence the operator can monitor and control the whole process. In this System, all the
operations clean the car successfully by using MICROCONTROLER and hybrid
compact logic L43 DCS, also developed mimic of the whole system on SCADA RS
VIEW 32.
Pranoti Utekar, Sayali Naik, Monika Wadekar & S.G. Watve in Implementation of
auto car washing system using two robotic arms explains about the use of two robotic
arms for washing of car. One is on the ceiling wall and other on longitudinal wall along
with circular brush for cleaning the wheel. Robotic arm1 cleans the sides of the body
while Robotic arm2 cleans front and back of vehicle with the help of wipers. Time
factor, space factor & water requirements are some challenges faced in this paper. G.
Subramanian,
K.Tharani Raja, K.S.Gowtham Babu, T.Devashena in Simulation of Automatic car

washing using MICROCONTROLER explains about the use of MICROCONTROLER
for implementation of various functions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting &
arethemtic to control various operations of automatic car washer. It uses various
components such as Input relays, Counters, Timers, Output relays, Data storage &
MICROCONTROLER programming method. It uses Infrared sensors to sense the cars
& send signal to Microcontroler which initiate other processes.

Dr. Ilham Muniar Baddo , Dr. Nahed Farhoud , Prof. Dr. Isam Mohammed
Abdel-Magid, Dr. Shibli Alshami , Dr. Fleih hassan Ahmad and Eng. Asaad Olab
in Study of carwash wastewater treatment by Adsorption explains about car wash waste
water treatment by Adsorption. Treatment of wastewater from car wash firms to
acceptable level so that in can be reused or recycled in same system is the main motive
of the research paper. Allepo clay (Bentonite) is used to remove dissolved solids,
surface active substances and also the remnants of oils & grease from water. Another
advantage of using Allepo clay is it has good efficiency & is cheap. Bentonite granular
are used for adsorption of less than or equal to 0.2mm. It is observed in research that
there is no increase in PH value at PH7.
2.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
While studying and manually operating the existing model of car washers it was
observed that they require soap solution to be applied separately as it sprays water only.
Further a separate sponge is to be used to squeeze the soap solution. All this increases
the time spent on cleaning the car. The model was thus redesigned eliminating the
above problem by designing the washer such that it will contain two separate container
for soap solution and water both embedded in the same machine and can be ejected as
the user desire i.e. only soap solution, only water or a mix of water and soap solution.
Along with that it will also have an attached and rotating scrubber or brush. So the user
can use it directly after applying soap solution to the car body, which will result in a
faster and less tedious cleaning operation.
2.3 OBJECTIVES
The aim of redesigning the model is to make the machine multitasking so that
not only it can spray water on the body but also eject soap solution on it and an attached
sponge scrubber can further complete the cleaning operation.

CHAPTER 3
PROJECT METHODOLOGY
2) Electrical Automation:-
The movement of pallets and the water supply is totally achieved

with electrical supply. The details of each block can be explained as follows.
Our system works on time sharing basis. Initially one timer is

ON which will provide the dc supply to the motor. Within the specified time the
container contacting the car is lifted up. Then this timer is off and next timer starts.
This timer makes the first motor ON which splasher the clean water on the car. After
the time is over this motor is off. The next timer starts and this provides supply to the
horizontally moving pallet. After the specified time it is stopped and next timer starts
which allows the soap water to fall on the car.
Here the washing with soap water is done. Then the time is over
and next timer starts which provide supply to the traveling motor. The car trolley
moves ahead and then stops as the time is over. Then next timer with clean water again
starts and the car is washed with clean water again. Then this timer stops and the next
timer starts which moves, the car in next compartment where car is dried with the
heating elements here the bulbs are used. The car is allowed to wait here some time and
then the motor rotates in opposite direction and the pallet comes down. The car can be
taken out. Now the next timer is ON and the base trolley travels in opposite direction.
All the timers are switching a relay for a particular time and the motors and the water
supplying motor’s are ON for that period only.
TRIAL & TESTING
To complete any project ,one has to go through many difficulty .during

completion of this project we also have faced many problem beginning the project has
been complicated in two different phase say electrical and mechanical one problem
faced in electrical part are different and Problem encountered in mechanical part are
different during pcb testing many point were short and many track were cut through
proper chalking problem we overcome the ics required for our project not available n
local market

Mechanical trouble shoot also difficult initially motor capacity was not melting
the assembly requiring motor with higher torque and capacity was taken the gear
assembly was very difficult the horizontal gear with sufficient lent was not available so
number of gear connected together to form long length gear the working is very
difficult after major exercise the result were achieved.
Before soldering in components:
 Check that component agree with the parts list (value and power of resistors,
value and voltage rating of capacitor, etc.) if in any doubt double check the
polarized components (diodes, capacitor, rectifiers etc)
 If there is a significant time elapse between circuit, take the trouble to read the
article; the information is often given in a very condensed from. Try to get most
important point out of the description of the operation of the circuit, even if you
don’t understand exactly what is supposed to happen.
 If there is any doubt that some component may not be exact equivalent, check
that they are compatible.
 Only use good quality IC sockets.
 Check the continuity of the tracks on the PCB (and through plated holes with
double sided boards) with a resistance meter or continuity tester.
 Make sure that all drilling, filling and other ‘heavy’ work is done before
mounting any components.
 If possible keep any heat sinks well isolated from other components.
 Make a wiring diagram if the layout involves lots of wires spread out in all
directions.

 Check that the connectors used are compatible and that they are mounted the
right way round.
 Do not reuse wire unless it is of good quality. Cut off the ends and strip it a new.
After mounting the component:
 Inspect all soldered joints by eye or using a magnifying glass and check them
with a continuity tester. Make sure there are no dry joints and no tracks are short
circuited by poor soldering.
 Ensure that the positions of all the component agree with the mounting diagram
 Check that any links needed are present and that they are in the right positions to
give the desired configuration.
 Check all ICs in their sockets (see that there are no pins bent under any ICs, no
near ICs are interchanged etc.)
 Check all the polarized components (diodes, capacitor etc) are fitted correctly.
 Check the wiring (watch for off cuts of components leads) at the same time
ensure that there are no short-circuits between potentiometer, switches, etc. and
there immediate surrounding (other components or the case). Do the same with
mounting hardware such as spacers, nuts and bolts etc.
 Ensure that the supply transformer is located as closely as possible to the circuits
(this could have a significant improvement in the case of critical signal level).
 Check that the connections to the earth are there and that they are of good
contact.
 Make sure the circuit is working correctly before spending any time putting it
into a case.
And if it breaks down:

 Recheck everything suggested so far.
 Re-read the article carefully and carefully anything about which you are
doubtful.
 Check the supply voltage or voltages carefully and make sure that they reach the
appropriate components especially pins of the ICs (test the pins of ICs and not
the soldered joints).
 Check currents (generally they are stated on the circuit diagram or in the text).
Don’t be too quick to suspect the ICs of overheating.
 If possible check the operation of the circuit in the separate stages as a general
rule follow the course of the signal.
 While checking voltages, currents, frequencies or testing the circuits with an
oscilloscope work systematically and take notes.
And don’t forget to switch the power on and check the fuses.
Problems Encountered during completion:-
To complete any project, one ha to go through many difficulties.

During the completion of this project, we also have faced many problems. Being the
project has been completed in two different phases say electrical one and the
mechanical one. The problem encountered in mechanical part is different. During PCB
Testing, many points were sport and many tracks were cut. Through proper checking
the problems we over-come. Also, the ICS required for our project were not available
in the local market.
Hence, we searched for them in Pune and Bombay. During

trouble shooting also, many problems were occurred. After a large exerciser these
problem were solved. Now, our electrical part is completely ready.
Mechanical troubleshoot is also very difficult. Initially the motor

capacity was not meeting the assembly’s requirement. The motor with higher torque
and capacity was taken. The gear assembly was very difficult.

The horizontal gear with a sufficient length was not available so

the number of gears was connected together to from a long length gear. The working is
very difficult. After a major exercise the results were achieved.

CHAPTER 4
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
Automatic Car-Washer and dryer is controlled using the electro-mechanical
system as shown. A proto-type model is implemented in our project. The mechanism
includes the lifting of pallel car and moving it in a forward direction in steps. At
intermediate steps the car cleaning water in pure form and soap water is allowed to fall
on the car under wash. Care is taken for not allowing the water to fall on the assembly.
At the end the car lifted is again allowed to come down and the pallel. Returns back for
loading a new car.
The system can be divided in two different sections.
1. Mechanical Assembly.
2. Electrical Control
Let’s illustrate the two sections in details as below….
1) Mechanical Assembly:-
The mechanical assembly consists of two dc motors with gear assembly

with it. This gear assembly reduces the revolutions per minute of the motor and it
increase the torque that is the driving power of the system. As shown in assembly, first
motor is for lifting the car pallet in upward direction i.e. a but and bolt assembly is used
heare. The threaded bolt is bored at its head side and the motor shaft is inserted inside
the fixed properly. The motor is fixed on a base, which is also movable, but with
another motor. If the motor with bolt assembly is started the bolt rotates in one
direction. And being a dc motor if the supply polarities are interchanged, then the
motor and the bolt rotates in opposite direction.
A bolt which is suitable for nut is used. If the bolt motor assembly
rotates the, nut also rotates in anti-clockwise direction. Since the motor and bolt
assembly is steady, the nut travels in upward direction and downward direction, as the
motor rotates in clockwise and anti-clockwise respectively.
Thus this is the lifting mechanism. After lifting the horizontal travel of
the pallet starts. This movement is done by another dc motor. This dc motor is also
provided with gears, which reduces the speed and increases the power of the system. A

rack and Pinter gear assembly is used here. One horizontal gear is placed at the bottom
of the assembly and the shaft with gear assembly of the motor is aligned in such a way
that. The motor rotates in one direction it travels along the horizontal gear in horizontal
directions. The pallet with the vertical motor assembly is mounted on this horizontally
traveling motor. This assembly also moves along with the motor. Thus, the motor is
operated in steps and thus, the traveling is also done in steps. In four different steps the
four different functions are done.
Immediate after lifting, the clean water supply is started and then the
trolley movement. i.e. travel starts, and then at another stage, the soap water is allowed
to fall on the car. After the specified time this soap water stops and again the clean
water is allowed to fall on the car. After specified time as above, the different types of
waters different water tanks with electric motor pumps are provided. These pumps are
made on at appropriate time and off at appropriate time. These tanks are mounted on
separate stands along with the assembly. After passing through different types of
cleaning waters, the car is dried in a separate chamber and then the horizontal motor
stops and the vertical lifting motors starts and rotates in apposite direction than the first
movement. The nut assembly with the car pallet comes down. Then the horizontal
traveling motor is on with reversed supply polarity and the travel starts in apposite
direction. The horizontal pallent moves in back word direction. The pallet comes at its
original position, from where the next car can be loaded for washing purpose.

The electrical connection diagram for the same can be given as below…
Reverse Up
CLK Timer - 1
Generato
r
Timer - 2 Clean water
Timer - 10
Timer - 3
Divided
Timer - 9
Horizontal
By
Timer - 4
DN 10 Travel
Timer - 8 Soap water

Counter
Timer - 5
Timer - 7 Timer - 6 Travel
Heater
Travel Dc Power Clean

Source
Water
230V V dc for motors
AC V dc for Electronic circuits.
Circuit Explanation:-
The circuit diagram consists of a clock generator. Then divide by

10 counters & the dc regulated power supply. The power supply is developed using
step down transformer, rectifier, filter and voltage regulators. The detailed explanation
of the power supply is given in a separate chapter.

The clock generator is IC 89c51 in as able mode. When powered

with dc supply, starts oscillating. The time span between two successive pulses is
determined with the help of potentiometer provided on the CKT.
The output pulse is given to divide by 10 decade counter, which

outputs the pulses in sequential manner.
When it receives first pulse, the first output Q0 of the counter is

high and all other outputs are low. The high output switches ON a transistor which
switches on a relay. This relay provides the supply to the motor and the motor rotates
as discussed earier.
When next pulses arrive the 2nd output of the counter goes high
and the logic repeats for all the 10 outputs. The output wave forms of the counter can
be shown as below…

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF CAR WASHER AND DRYER
START
CLK 1
CLK 2
CLK 3
CLK 4
CLK 5
CLK 6
CLK 7
CLK 8
CLK 9
CLK 10

As these outputs are on sequentially, the corresponding switching transistors are

also on. The transistors are BC547 npn type, which are switched on when a positive
pulse arrives at its base, and are switched of when the pulse is cut. This sequential
switching of transistor makes the relays connected at its collector ON. The relay
ON/OFF status is shown by the LED indication.
The motors are connected in the NO contacts of the relay. When a particular
relay is ON, the corresponding motor for a particular function is ON and the it is again
off when the time period is over. The dc motors are provided with AC supply & the
motors for water are provided with AC supply.

The wiring diagram for the same is given on next page.
230 V AC +12v
RL 1 RL 2 RL3
NO P NO P NO P
12v dc
DC MOTOR AC MOTOR DC MOTOR
230V AC +12V
RL 4 RL 5
NO P
NO P
AC MOTOR DC MOTOR
230V AC +12V +12V DC
RL 8 RL 7 RL 6
NO P NO P NO P
HEATING LAMP DC MOTOR DC MOTOR

+12VDC 230V AC
RL 9 RL10
NO P NO P
DC MOTOR AC MOTOR
WIRING DETAILS
Component List:-
Component Value
1) IC-I- 89c51
2) Resistor-
R1 470 K
R2 2K2
R3=R4=R5=R6=R7=R8=R9=R10=R11=R12= 4.7 K
R13=R14=R15=R16=R17=R18=R19=R20=R21=R22=R2=2K2
3) Diode:-
D1 = D2 to D20 = IN4007
4) Capacitor:-
C1 = 10 µf/ 25v
C2 = 0.01 µf

5) Relay:-
RL1 to RL10
6) LED:-
LD1 to LD10
7) Transistor:-
T1 to T10 = BC 157


MICROCONTROLLER:-
The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K
bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is
manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is
compatible with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip
Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional
nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a
monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a
highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.
Features:-
• Compatible with MCS-51™ Products
• 4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory
• Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
• Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz
• Three-level Program Memory Lock
• 128 x 8-bit Internal RAM
• 32 Programmable I/O Lines
• Two 16-bit Timer/Counters
• Six Interrupt Sources
• Programmable Serial Channel
• Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes

Pin Description:-
VCC:-
Supply voltage.
GND:- Ground.
Port 0:-
Port 0 is an 8-bit open-drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink
eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high
impedance inputs.Port 0 may also be configured to be the multiplexed loworder
address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode P0

has internal pull-ups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming, and
outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pullups are required during
program verification.
Port 1:-
Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull ups. The Port 1 output buffers
can sink/source four TTL inputs.When 1s are written to Port 1 pins they are pulled high
by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs,
Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the
internal pullups. Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during
Flash programming and verification.
Port 2:-
Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull ups. The Port 2 output buffers
can sink/source four TTL inputs.When 1s are written to Port 2 pins they are pulled high
by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputsPort 2 pins that are
externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups.
Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetchesfrom external program memory
and during accesses to external data memory that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX @
DPTR). In this application, it uses strong internal pullups
when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that use 8-bit addresses
(MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register.
Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash
programming and verification.

Port 3:-
Port 3 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 3 output buffers
can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins they are pulled high
by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs,
Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the
pullups. Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89C51 as
listed below: Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming and
verification.
RST:-
Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running
resets the device.
ALE/PROG:-
Address Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during
accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during
Flash programming. In normal operation ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the
oscillator frequency, and may be used for external timing
or clocking purposes. Note, however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access
to external Data Memory. If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of
SFR location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during
a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly pulled high. Setting the
ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in external execution mode.
PSEN:-

Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory. When the
AT89C51 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice
each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during
each access to external data memory.
EA/VPP:-
External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to
fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH.
Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be
internally latched on reset. EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program
executions. This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage
(VPP) during Flash programming, for parts that require 12-volt VPP.
XTAL1:-
Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating
circuit.
XTAL2:-
Output from the inverting oscillator amplifies


Relay Driver Block :–
This block is responsible for driving the relay which is in turn responsible for ON or
OFF operation of a particular device.
Power Supply Block: –
This project works on the +5V regulated power supply. Here +5V is generated by
using 78XX series regulators. The +5V DC is supplied to the rest of the circuitry.
BELOW IS LOGIC OF THE PROJECT...
 M0 for driving the car moving platform.
 The position sensor S1 is for sensing the car at station no. 1.
 M1 pump motor M1, for spraying the clean water.
 Sensor S2 is for sensing car at station no.2.
 Pump motor M2. Is for spraying the soap water at station no. 2.
 Sensor S3 is for sensing the car at station no. 3.
 Pump motor M3 is for spraying the fresh water at station no. 3.
 Sensor S4 is for sensing the car at station no.4.
 Cooling fan is for drying the car at station no.4.
The total control will be achieved by making the use of 89C51
MICROCONTROLLER.
CONTROLS:
1) Time setting timer on delay type. Model 800A – 3 Nos.
2) Pump controllers only ON / OFF – using sensors Detection.
3) Fan controller.

4) Moving platform – Dc motor control.
Technical Specifications:-
1) Supply – 230V AC.
2) Logic – Analog and digital based.
3) Microcontroller – condenser micro controller.
4) Motor- dc
5) Relay – 12V dc.
POWER SUPPLY
Power supply is the first and the most important part of our project.For our
project we require +5v regulated power supply with maximum current rating 500 mA
Following basic building blocks are required to generated power supply.

STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER:
Step down transformer is the first part or regulated power supply . To step down
the mains 230V A.C. we require step down transformer. Following are the main
characteristic of electronic transformer.
I) Power transformer is usually designed to operate from source of low
impedance at a single freq.
II) It is required to construct with sufficient insulation of necessary
dielectric strength.
III) Transformer rating are expressed in volt-amp. The volt-amp of each
secondary winding or windings is added for the total secondary VA. To
this are added the load losses.
IV) Temperature rise of a transformer is decided on two well known factors
i.e. losses on transformer and heat dissipating or cooling facility
provided unit.
RECTIFIER UNIT:
Rectifier unit is a ckt. Which converts A.C. into pulsating D.C. Generally semi-
conducting diode is used as rectifying element due to its property of conducting current
in one direction only Generally there are two types of rectifier.
1. Half wave rectifier
2. Full wave rectifier.
In half wave rectifier only half cycle of mains A.C. rectified so its efficiency is very
poor. So we use full wave bridge type rectifier, in which four diodes are used. In each
half cycle, two diodes conduct at a time and we get maximum efficiency at o/p.

Following are the main advantages and is advantages of a full-wave bridge type
rectifier ckt.
ADVANTAGES:
1. The need of center tapped transformer is eliminated.
2. The o/p is twice that of center tap circuit for the same secondary
voltage.
3. The PIV rating of diode is half of the center taps circuit.
DISADVANTAGES:
1. It requires four diodes.
2. As during each half cycle of A.C. input, two diodes are
conducting therefore voltage drop in internal resistance of
rectifying unit will be twice as compared to center tap circuit
Filter circuit:
Generally a rectifier is required to produce pure D.C. supply for using at various
places in the electronic circuit, However, the o/p of rectifier has pulsating character i.e.
if such a D.C. is applied to electronic circuit it will produce a hum i.e. it will contain
A.C. and D.C. components. The A.C. components are undesirable and must be kept
away from the load. To do so a filter circuit is used which removes (or filter out) the
A.C. components reaching the load. Obviously a filter circuit is installed between
rectifier and voltage regulator. In our project we use capacitor filter because of his low
cost, small size and litile weight and good characteristic. Capacitors are connected in
parallel to the rectifier o/p because it passes A.C. but does not pass D.C. at all.
DESIGN PART:-

1) Car moving plat form design.
2) Belt selection.
3) Platform moving motor selection.
4) Platform width, length & height design.
5) Bearing selection depends on shafts sizes.
6) Shaft design.
7) Control part presetting & cycle time study.
8) Electrical wirings.
9) Moving platform speed design & selection etc.
4.3 DESIGN OF BEARING:-
Irrespective of the type of bearing the common requirement of spindle support
can be specified as
Guiding accuracy
1) Ability to perform satisfactory under varying condition of spindle operation .
2) High stiffness
3) Minimum beading of this can lead to spindle deformation
4) Vibration stability which governed by the damping.
Here we have proposed to use ball bearing. It is not most commonly used. Type
of bearing with deep groves. This type of bearing has a high radial load capacity and
moderate thrust load capacity. The distinguishing features of antifriction bearing as
compared to the other are
1) Low friction movement and heat generation
2) Low starting registance

3) High load capacity.
4) Easy maintenance and less composition of lubrication
Ball bearing are less prone to heating and therefore permits larger
rotational speed they are also cheaper than other and less sensitive to small alignment
error. The structure of selected ball bearing.
Design of bearing on the basis of load capacity
W = Load on the journal = 58.860 N
(Maximum overall shaft weight)
d = Diameter of Journal = 15mm
1 = length of bearing =10 mm
Bearing pressure = w/ 1 x d
= 58.860 / 15 x 10
= 0.3924 N/mm3
P max = 1.5 mpa
P max > w/ 1x d
Since the bearing pressure is less than maximum bearing pressure given fort the
transmission shaft in heavy categories.
Hence the design is safe and selected bearing are safe in design and use.
Design of bearing on the basis of friction

W = load = 58.860 N
Ra = Normal Reaction
F = frictional force
f = angle between R ( resultant of F and Rn) & Rn.
M = Co – efficient of friction between the journal and
Bearing = 0.03
T = frictional torque
R = radius of shaft 30mm
Bh = diameter of shaft 15mm
N = speed of shaft = 400 rpm
W = angular velocity of shaft = 2p x400 / 60
= 130.33 rad /sec.
Therefore,
torque transmitted Ts = 0.03 x 58.860 x 0.0375 =0.066 N –m
and power transmitted,
p = T x w =0.066 x130.33 = 8.601W

Heat generation and dissipation in bearing:-
Heat generated Hg = m . W.V
m = 0.03
W= 58.860 N
V = DN /60
= 0.075 x 400 /60
V = 0.5m/s
Therefore , Hg = 0.03 x 58.860 x 0.5
= 0.889W
Heat deposited
Hd = kA ( tb –ta + 18 ) 2]
Where ;
K = 2.5 W /m2 0c for Normal ventilation
Ta = ambient temperature = 270 c
Tb = Housing temperature
To find Tb,
T oil = 2( tb + ta )+ ta
T oil = 800c ( Assumed)

Therefore , tb = 2.5 x 7.5 x 2.5 x 10 4 (53.5 – 27 +18)2
= 9.28
Bm at c = 0
For rotating shaft selecting,
Kb = 1.7 & kt =1.5
__________________
Tmax = (16 x103 / p xd3) V ( Kb xm ) 2+ ( Kt +T)2
__________________
= (16 x 103 / p xd3) V( 1.7 x 20 .68 )2 +(1.5 x110.185)2
= 1930638.2 /d3
Selecting material SAE 1050
Syt = 1200 N/mm2
Tmax = 0.3 x1200
= 36 N/mm
d =5mm
taking factor of factory =3
d = 5 x3 =15mm
d =15 mm.

PROPOSED DESIGN COMPONENT FOR BELT
Assumption for the Prototype :-
1) Power transmitted is 5kw
2) Motor is running at 400rpm.
3) Mechanism is running at 150 rpm.
Torque transmitted ,
T = ( p x 60 ) (2 x N)
Load factor K = 1.5
= (5x 103x 60x 1.5) / ( 2 x150)
= 154.5N –m
T = 154.5x 103N-mm
DESIGN OF BELT :-
400 rpm 150 rpm
For power rated to 1.5 to 15B is the Designession
For B W =17 mm
t = 11mm
D min = 91mm
D1 /D2 =N2/N1

D2 = 91 x400 /150
D2 =242mm
Fc = kc ( Vp/5)2
VP = D1 N1
= 0.003 x 91 x 400
= 109.2 m /min
= 109 m/min.
Kc = 4.34
4.34 (10.17/5)2
Fc = 17.986 N
Fw =w 2 = 17 2 =289N
q =p –( D2 - D 1)/ 1000
= P – (200-91)/1000
= 2.93 rad
Consider a =38, m =0.3
Power /belt = {( Fc-Fc) (emq/sin(a/2)-1)/ emp/sin(a/2}Vp
= {(289- 17.89) (e 0.3x 2.93/sin ( 19) -1)/ e 0.3x 2.93/sin (19)}
10.17
Power /belt = 2.774 Kw

No. of belt =pd / power /belt
Pd = 5 x1.10
=5.5Kw
There fore , No. of belts = 5.5/2.774= 1.98
No. of belts =2
MATERIAL USED:-
Sr no Part name quantity Material used
1 Belt 1 Rubber
2 Dc motor 1
3 Sheet metal tank 3 Ms
4 Nozzles 3 plastic
5 Dc fan 1 plastic
6 Pipe 1 Plastic
7 Power transformer 1

Machine used during the competition of Entire project:-
1. Cutting Machine : For cutting the angles
2. Welding Machine : For welding the angles together
3. Grinder : For finishing the welded joints
4. Drilling Machines : For drilling purpose

Operation sheet
1) Component Foundation frame
Sr no operation machine Tool used description
1 Cutting Hacksaw Blade Cutting the frame

angles in given length
2 Welding Arc welding By hand To make frame in

given size
3 Finishing Hand grinder Abrasive To avoid sharp corners

wheel
4 painting By hand Paint & brush For good aesthetic

look
2) Component sheet metal tank


given size

wheel

look

3) Component base tray
Sr. no operation machine Tool used description


given size

wheel

look
4) Component pallet


given size

wheel

look
5) Component nozzle assy


wheel


look
6) Component shaft


given size

wheel

look
Cost Estimation of the Project:-
The project, car washing &drying system is implemented with a proper

cost to performance ratio. Being a development proto, many repetitions are their, which
can not be avoided. Also, each spare of the project is to be done in 01 quantity, so the
costing is more.
Later if the regular production will be started, the costing will be less. The price details
for our development are given as below

Cost Estimation:-
Sr. no Name of part
1 Foundation frame
2 Bush bearing
3 Metal shaft
4 Rubber belt
5 Dc motor with gear head
6 Plat form tray
7 Sheet metal tank
8 Electric motor
9 Spray nozzle
10 Dc fan
11 Pipe plastic
12 Power transformer
13 Power card
14 miscellaneous

CHAPTER
APPLICATIONS ADVANTAGES LIMITATIONS
APPLICATIONS
1) In car manufacturing companies. - After assembly of car.
2) In service stations.
3) Car replacing and maintaining stations
4) Car body building industry
ADVANTAGES
1) The whole system is automatic so no manpower required.
2) If we use special car washing pressure pumps no compressor will required.
3) Can be use in domestic service stations, as there is no compressor & no. loud
noise.
4) Very less maintenance.
5) Comparatively cost of system is less.
6) No. more space required.
7) No. environmental pollution.
LIMITATIONS
1) Electric Power Will Require Running The System.

CHAPTER 7
PROCESS SHEET
1 Search of topic 30 days
2 Selection of topic 10 days
3 Finalizing of topic 2 days
4 Literature review 15 days
5 Study of component 10 days
6 Cad diagram and starting 10 days

of calculation of
component
7 Calculations 5 days
8 Finalizing the calculations 5 days

and preparing the final cad
diagrams with dimensions
9 Starting manufacturing 15 days
10 Buying the standard 3 days

component from market
11 Testing of model 2 days
12 Soft copy of report 5 days
13 Final report 7 days
Table No. 7.2.1

CHAPTER
RESULT ANALYSIS
In Automatic Car Washing System, we performed all the operations needed to
clean the car fruitfully by using MICROCONTROLER after achievement of the above
processes by mechanism of this system car washing will be cost effective, time saving
and pollution free. By using this process we can clean up the car up to 95%.
Future Scope:-
Even though our project is completed successfully, it has many

limitations. Further development can be done to a large extent. Some of the points in
development area can be mentioned as below…
1. Now the existing system works on electrical mechanism, which results in

major electrical power loss. This loss can be minimized using the hydraulic
cylinders and hydraulic jack lifting system operated automatically.
2. The existing system is based on time sharing system. The time specified
may not be appropriate for a particular car. Hence, some system which will
allow the proper type for a particular operation may be made possible.
3. The system may be made through computerized numerical control or PLC
control or PC based control.
4. Also we can implement a counter which will be allowing the number of cars
washed to be counted.
Instead of dc motors dc drive systems can be used for the purpose
moving the horizontal as well as up down moving pallet.

CHAPTER
CONCLUSION
After completion of the project auto car washer and dryer ,we can come to
conclusion than such automation system are quite beneficial ,and saving time of
operation and also man power reduced ,improving the economy of the system the future
such type of system will have more demanded.

REFERENCES
[1] Mr. Bambare Tejas, Ms. Bondre Varsha, Mr. Kapse Manoj, Mr. Khairnar Ketan,
Mr. Kotkar,2017, Automatic car washing and drying system Vol. 5, Issue 02, 2017
[2] Zeenal Lalluwadia ,Nidhi Bhatia, Jayana Rana, Automatic car washing system using
MICROCONTROLER, Vol.4 ,Issue April,2016
[3] Prof. Mhaske ,D.A. Bhavthankar, R.G. Darade D.J., MICROCONTROLER Based
Car Washing System, Vol.4 ,Issue April 2016
[4] Vivek Kumar Yadav, Suryansh Tyagi, Gulshan Kumar, Nishant Kumar, Swapnil
Namekar, Automatic Car Washing using, MICROCONTROLER ,Vol 6, Issue 2016
[5] Seyyed M. M. Sabet, Design of a Drying System for a Rollover Carwash Machine
using CFD, Vol.3 ,Issue 04 october,2016
[6] Pranoti Utekar , Sayali Naik, Monika Wadekar and S.G. Watve, Implementation of
Auto car washing system using two robotic arm, Vol 3, Issue2015
[7] G. Subramanian ,K. Tharani Raja, K. S. Gowtham Babu , T.Devashema, Simulatiom

of Automatic Car Washing using MICROCONTROLER ,Vol 3, Issue 2015
[8] K. Vidyasagar, R. Ramprasad & P. Nagasekhar, 2017, RFID-GSM Autonomous Car

Washing System, Volume 121 – No.2, July 2015 Page no. (0975 – 8887)
[9] Dr.Ilham Muniar Baddo , Dr. Nahed Farhoud ,Prof. Dr. Isam Mohammed Abdel
Magid, Dr. Shibli Alshami ,Dr.Fleith Hassan Ahmad and Eng, Assad Olab, Car wash
Waste water treatment by Absorption , vol, Issued 2014
[10] Amir Hossein , Daet Sorkhabi , Bita Khazini, Manufacturing of full Automatic
Carwash using with Intelligent Control Algorithms, vol. 7, issue 2013

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AUTOMATIC CAR WASHING AND DRYING SYSTEM

PD.DR.V.V.P. Poly Loni. Page 1

Fig. 1.1 Introduction Automatic Car Washing and Drying System

PD.DR.V.V.P. Poly Loni. Page 2

PD.DR.V.V.P. Poly Loni. Page 3

Prof. Mhaske D.A., Bhavthankar R.G., Saindane A.R., Drade D.J. in

Seyyed M. M. Saber and Joao M. Nobrega in Design of a drying system for a

PD.DR.V.V.P. Poly Loni. Page 4

K.Tharani Raja, K.S.Gowtham Babu, T.Devashena in Simulation of Automatic car

PD.DR.V.V.P. Poly Loni. Page 5

2.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

PD.DR.V.V.P. Poly Loni. Page 6

The movement of pallets and the water supply is totally achieved

Our system works on time sharing basis. Initially one timer is

TRIAL & TESTING

To complete any project ,one has to go through many difficulty .during

PD.DR.V.V.P. Poly Loni. Page 7

Before soldering in components:

polarized components (diodes, capacitor, rectifiers etc)

don’t understand exactly what is supposed to happen.

that they are compatible.

 Only use good quality IC sockets.

double sided boards) with a resistance meter or continuity tester.

mounting any components.

PD.DR.V.V.P. Poly Loni. Page 8

right way round.

After mounting the component:

circuited by poor soldering.

give the desired configuration.

near ICs are interchanged etc.)

mounting hardware such as spacers, nuts and bolts etc.

And if it breaks down:

PD.DR.V.V.P. Poly Loni. Page 9

 Recheck everything suggested so far.

the soldered joints).

Don’t be too quick to suspect the ICs of overheating.

rule follow the course of the signal.

 While checking voltages, currents, frequencies or testing the circuits with an

oscilloscope work systematically and take notes.

Problems Encountered during completion:-

To complete any project, one ha to go through many difficulties.

Hence, we searched for them in Pune and Bombay. During

Mechanical troubleshoot is also very difficult. Initially the motor

PD.DR.V.V.P. Poly Loni. Page 10

The horizontal gear with a sufficient length was not available so

PD.DR.V.V.P. Poly Loni. Page 11

The system can be divided in two different sections.

The mechanical assembly consists of two dc motors with gear assembly

PD.DR.V.V.P. Poly Loni. Page 12

PD.DR.V.V.P. Poly Loni. Page 13

Timer - 8 Soap water

Timer - 7 Timer - 6 Travel

Travel Dc Power Clean

230V V dc for motors

AC V dc for Electronic circuits.

The circuit diagram consists of a clock generator. Then divide by

PD.DR.V.V.P. Poly Loni. Page 14

The clock generator is IC 89c51 in as able mode. When powered

The output pulse is given to divide by 10 decade counter, which

When it receives first pulse, the first output Q0 of the counter is

PD.DR.V.V.P. Poly Loni. Page 15

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF CAR WASHER AND DRYER

PD.DR.V.V.P. Poly Loni. Page 16