Question 1

a) Professionalism is a way of living rather than an accumulation of certificates

and learning. Describe THREE(3) characteristics of Professional Engineers.
(8 marks)
- Trustworthy
 Trustworthy is one of the personality traits that build with the member
of organization, colleagues and clients.
 If the organization is built by trust and honesty each other, thus the
projects outcome turns out positive and great. This is because the team
members are working together in a better and good terms as a one
team.
 Therefore, trustworthy as well with honesty should be apply in ourself
because without both personality it will lead to people leaving or even
betraying each other in a team.

- Next characteristic is Professional Engineer is always thinking step ahead.

 It is important for a Professional Engineer to think ahead and identify any
problem that might arise, so that a plan could be devised earlier for the
issue to be addressed.
 They must also be able to see and take advantage for any opportunities that
come in.
 They should think more than one solution to be an option if the first
solution might fail, they already plan for the next solution.

- A great engineer has a great communication skills.

 They should be confident when communicate verbally with clients and
other engineers working together on a project. They also can learn a
lot from small talk with more experienced engineers and
workers too. This needs communication skills.
 They mix around people and communicate sharing ideas and
knowledge. Thus, this will boost confidence level when talk in front of
the people and being open in giving opinions.
 Therefore it will develop leadership skill and enhance in a team
working together with others engineers.

- Hardworking are also traits that necessary of professional engineer

nowadays.
 Hardworking engineer is one of who makes the most of their time and
who consistently produces a good work.
 Hard working engineer portray integrity, productive and motivation.
They stay focus on their works and mix around with other workers
sharing ideas and solution and produce their work in consistently of
acceptable to excellent quality.
 b) Conflict of interest is one of the many situation where Professional Engineers
must use his/her judgement to make ethical decision. Illustrate ONE(1) situation
where conflict of interest could occur. (10 marks)
Situation
 The issue of conflict of interest is one of the most widely discussed and debated in
engineering profession. Conflict of interest is a depressing situation where an
individual meets a junction and has to make a decision whether to stick on his belief
on professionalism ethics. The professional engineers will find it hard to cling on to
his professional engineering ethics when they facing this kind of situation
 One of the potential conflicts situation of interest for engineers is in the making
decision to choosing tender and related marketing when the engineer facing financial
problem.
 The engineers must decide and choose the best tender which is suitable to supply the
material needed for a project in terms of quality, safety and cost.
 The engineers is being approached by tender A after the supply had been released. In
particular, the treatment of giving and receiving of gifts between the engineers and
tender presents obviously possibilities for conflicts or we can called that as bribery
case. Treated to delightful delicacies and offered with luxurious gifts. Tender A even
offered some sharing of profits if the engineer approved them as the supplier for the
project, plus with some extra bonus payments personally for the engineer from the
tender.
 After the engineer is assessing the achievement of the tender A personally for the
project that tender A done, the tender itself failed to excel in the quality of materials,
meanwhile there is tender B which is much better track record and better materials
quality.
 Therefore, instead of money and profits tender A giving and provide, quality also.
must be considered. The engineer should choose widely with their colleagues and
superior engineers to choose the best tender for the project.

Solution
 To deal with this problem, as a professional engineer, they should follow the code of
ethics that applied in the work environment. Professional engineers are advised to act
fairly and loyally to all tenders and stakeholders that involved in their respective
professional activity marketing. Remember that community is the main customer.
Engineers have to put aside their personal wants such as making extra profits by
irresponsibly hiring incompetent vendors. This is because, it can cause risks to the
community later.
C) In terms of environmental and sustainability engineering designs, an
engineer is expected to be able to analyze situations and problems and propose
rational engineering solutions or recommendations. Discuss why environmental
and sustainability aspects is important.
(10 marks)

-These include impact of pollution to the atmosphere that can be exhibited in

many forms of pollutions that are harmful and poisonous to environment
o Numerous environmental impacts associated with engineering processes are of
concern and must be addressed in efforts to attain engineering sustainability.
o This pollution comes from the substances of material that not eco-friendly and
hardly to decomposed.
o Therefore, this will lead to numerous pollution such as air pollution, land
pollution and water pollution.
o Environmental impact should be considered in engineering activity from
acquisition of the resources, to their utilization and ultimate disposal.
o In order to have healthy communities, we need clean air, natural resources and
a nontoxic environment.

- Hazardous things can impact health and safety in engineering design.

o Maintaining healthy and safety in our country and communities is essential to
environmental. Hazardous substances in water, air and soil cause noteworthy
pollution like land pollution.
o The concerned government is devoted to minimize the environmental impacts
of such materials and protecting country’s health.
o In this regards, engineers should aware and promote effective utilization
storage and handling of harmful substances. Besides that, make an early
detection and response to land quality issue before any project takes place.

-Environmental and sustainability aspects are important in engineering in order to

maintain our economics resources in pursuing healthy and productive life.
o Air pollution is a great threat to our sustainable environment.
o We need clean air free from toxic and any harm substance for breathe and
avoid from any disease that might we get.
o In order to preserved clean air, engineers can cut down the release of sulphur
dioxide and carbon dioxide through regulatory programs according to the
target.

-Construction engineers need to be careful while designing considering greening

technology.
o Development in construction area is one such most important issue.
o Concept of sustainability to build and construct any structure also should focus
to the energy and procedure to reduce the impact on the environment such as
materials used, the quality of material and structures building.
o Ethics values and humanity for the occupants of building also should be
consider in order to sustain environmental safety.
-Global climate change is viewed by many as the most significant environmental
impact facing civilization and humanity.
o This global warming leading to an increase in the average temperature of the
earth and hot. This is not good as it will effect our heathy.Non-fossil fuel
energy options are needed to help humanity to improve the temperature
climate back to normal.
o This is important in order to maintain energy sustainability and sustainable
development.

-Water supply is another challenge for many developing countries where

engineers in the world can contribute a good deal on this issue.
o The engineers should secure the supply of a safe drinking water in sufficient
quantity and make sure the quality and quantity of water resources sufficient
to protect and sustain the good ecological state and functioning of the aquatic
environment.
o Thus, this prevent or reduce the impact of floods and minimise the effects of
droughts.
Question 2
a) The 21st century has seen so many innovation and technological achievements.
Describe THREE(3) of the technological achievement that has more significantly
changed our way of life nowadays. (10 marks)
Nowadays technology has changed our lives by increasing the speed of time with many
invention and technological achievements.

-Smartphone
 Today we have smartphone which is very smart in all ways. From the smartphone
they can access internet and social media, video conferencing tools, and mobile apps
that can communicate with anyone around the world with no limitation easily. It was
not possible in the past. The benefit of communication change is that it’s fast, easy
and quickest method to communicate. In past, a letter takes 10 days to reach the
destination such as money order, greeting cards, personal letter and thousands of
others communication sources are not fast enough. But technologies nowadays work
as magical changed that now you can send an email faster in within less than one
minute also you can transfer the money from your mobile phone. Besides that, if you
are busy, this smartphone’s app able to help you to shop online as well can save your
time. This is technology and it’s non-stop.

-Grab Car
 Instead of chasing down a taxi, bus and any other public transports or hopelessly
praying for one to miraculously pass by their location , ‘Grab’ app are now able to
hail a car from any location and have a car ready within minutes. Nowadays, ‘Grab ‘
had changed and make our life more easier and today ‘Grab’ is one of the leading
transportation services in the world. It also safe for both driver and passengers since
‘Grab’ app is a verified license by the government and ‘Grab’ has developed a rating
system to help assure this trust and reliability between drivers and passengers. ‘Grab’
app is a problem solver for passengers who in saving their money as the service
provides at reasonable price compared to taxi fare. Moreover, we can booked at any
time and everywhere just using our smartphone. ‘Grab’ car tends to come on time
which we do not need to wait for a long time for them to arrived at the destination.

- Wi-Fi
 Besides that, wifi also had made a major change in our way of life. With wifi and
internet all information just at our fingertips. Wifi has made things quicker and easier,
which is our society craves. Wifi is convenient to use as it is wireless which is easy to
access and users can use it from nearly any convenient location. Users can also access
internet even outside their normal environment. Moreover, expanding wifi network is
easy as it does not require additional cost of installing. A wifi cone ction can serve
more people at one time. Users can connect to a wirelesss network with their desired
network. This means that will benefits to students that can be more productive as they
can do their work and research from any convenient location.
b) Explain how project-based engineering courses in university (i.e. Engineering Final
Year Project and Capstone Design Project) can encourage engineering students to think
creatively in solving complex engineering problem. (10 marks)
-From the project-based engineering course, engineering students can learned on how to
solve complex problem by themselves.
 They tend to be independent and gain new information and knowledge by testing and
finding solution for the complex problem without seeking from any advisor for help.
 Thus, this will train themselves without any help first and enhance student to thinking
creatively and out of the box.

- This project encourage teamwork among themselves.

 Having optimum teamwork skills is essential to becoming well-respected and

successful in an engineering profession.
 In teamwork, the students are able brainstorming with their friends, discuss and
sharing ideas between them on how to solve the problem.
 They able to communicate and be open, honest and respectful to other ideas and
opinion. Thus, this will enhance communication skill as well as presentation skill.
They will find a multiple way of solution to solve the problem but they need to
choose the best one .

- Time management is important aspect in order to solve problem in a given time.

 In every project there will be a date line for submission. Students need to manage
their time and plan well and find a solution for the problem in a mean time, this
means critical thinking is need when to solve the problem, they need to think
creatively in a short time in order to catch up the date line.
 Hence, this will develop discipline and passion in themselves.

- Besides that, through the project that the students do, they need to make a baseline
project management plan.

 This plan help to track all progress of the project in a track. This project planning
process will force them to have to think about each of the important components
creatively that make up the project plan and achieve the project goal.
 Having a baseline for each project allows them to monitor current project
performance and also to improve the accuracy of future estimates.

- On top of that, as a leader in the project, the student should be able thinking in various
way. Critical thinking and thinking creatively enables leaders at every level to
understand the impact of their decisions made on the project results.
 Creative leaders thinking in a different creativity idea skills, they encourage
innovative thought amongst others in the team by providing practical insight to solve
the problem and task which ensure greater productivity.
- Through completing the project, students had a lecture with their lecturer or advisor on
creativity in the idea generation stage on their design project.

 Creativity lecture about the importance of creativity in engineering project will help
the student be able to apply their creativity thinking process to their project.
Therefore, the students would use the skills learned in lecture class to develop creative
design alternative in their project in solving complex engineering problem. As part of
this, student came up with many innovative and able to think creative idea in solving
engineering problem.
C) Discuss THREE(3) main aspects that are important to be considered in designing
and planning for an engineering projects, product or services. (13 marks)
In planning for an engineering projects, there are some aspects that are important
need to be considered in designing the project.
- Schedule and cost are one of the important aspects need to be considered.
Scheduling is the first step of working on a project. Every process involved must be
listed initially. The engineers need to know and estimate the time to accomplish the
task so that they can plan and manage their time well and properly and can complete
the project in a given time. A project plan should be created includes schedule and
baseline. Baseline for elements such as schedule and cost are established for a project
in order to let the project manager track in progress and identify problems. Cost
budget of the project also should be consider as the engineers should strive to do great
work with that budget. The cost of the project should be within the range of allocated
budget. Budgeting is a crucial part in determining the success of a project. Wrong
projection of budget often leads to deserted project.
- Safety and liability concerns are often interrelated with construction health and
safety issues. Safety review meeting shall be conducted after an engineering review of
the design. With safety ensured, the workers know work place safety is being taken
care of professionally, they will feel safe and better abut their jobs and become more
productive in work. Safety engineers consider what undesirable events can occur
under what conditions, and project the related accident risk should be considered in
the early stages as otherwise, in the event that an accident does happen Indeed, it is
the safety engineer’s job to make sure an existing, completed design is safe. In
conclusion, safety is, undeniably, one of the more important disciplines in engineering
and, if not implemented, may lead to disaster and loss of lives
- Next is customer expectation of the project. Besides that, its important to know
and understand of the design’s project so that the designs help meet the actual end of
the project goal. Customers' expectations and perceived service quality are the
functions of customer satisfaction. The project must be in customer demand and
expectation so that will be no lost of money. Accordingly, customer satisfaction is an
important factor in the development of the project. It is natural that engineers in the
construction industry should be concerned about customer satisfaction because of its
expected influence on future projects. The significance of customer satisfaction, and
its use for evaluating the quality from the customer’s perspective. The customers’
expectations play an important role in the evaluation of project performance.
Customer satisfaction of the engineer’s project can be defined as how well the
engineers work, and the quality on projects can be regarded as the fulfilment of
expectations.
-Environmental and sustainability. Engineers need to refine their design project to
minimize the use of materials especially the non-renewable sources. This is because
in order to maintain our economics resources in pursuing healthy and productive life.
Just like how engineers supply safety factors in the design to compensate for the
uncertainties about the strength of the structure, they could also apply safety factors to
compensate for uncertainties about the environmental consequences of the projects.
-Social factor also need to be considered. Cultural norms and expectation, population
demographic and also population’s general attitude towards certain issues regarding
health, environment and safety. Example, if an additional landing strip for an airport
is to be build, the local population who will be affected by the construction have to
take into account. Because in order to built it, the people living there will have to
relocate and people living close to the airfield will have to expect increased noise
from the airplanes.
 Question 3
a) Discuss how engineering students can plan for their success in engineering
career.
( 10 marks)
-One of the best way is to gain internship experience in an engineering company.
 An internship will provide you with the privileged opportunity to observe and work
with engineers in their natural work which are in the office, laboratory or out on the
field.
 Through internship, it could give you a vision of what your future look like as a
practicing engineer and of course internship helps open doors for future job offers.
 An internship experience could also underscore for you the knowledge and skills that
you really need to learn as an engineering student.

-Besides that, students need to be active participate in any class or workshop that relate
to engineering skills that provide the university.
 This will help you to gain new knowledge and apply the knowledge that you gain in
university, in addition you will get experienced for your future.
 Thus, this will enhance engineering technical skills and hand skills to carry out job.

-Be surrounded work with other students.

 When you work alone and get stuck on something, you may be tempted to give up,
where in a group we tend to find a way to past difficulty.
 Working in groups and in a teamwork may also show you a better ways to solve
complex problem than the way you have been using. Chance to sharing ideas solving
the problem, indeed will have various way and solution to settle down the problem.
 Due to that, students can enhance their communication and teamwork skill in order to
be a great engineer.

-Time management is essential in order to become a good engineer.

 Do not doing assignment or task at last minutes or there is not going to work
anymore. Manage time properly, be organized and make plan well.
 Hence, the students have enough time to complete assignment successfully. Look
through the internet and pull together some sources to get a rough idea of what they
are going to do and discuss with the others or lecturer if need some helps.

-Identify the career path target and area of passion.

 Try to identify the area parts of engineering fields which you favor the most. You will
likely give your best effort if you love the things you are working on.
 Besides that, a work done with a great passion produce a great product since you are
enjoy doing the job.

-Build a network and mix with people.

 The students need to build a network with other people so that can amplify their
communication skills and enhance their confidence level by communicate with them.
 Therefore, they also can gain new knowledge by sharing their knowledge and sharing
ideas and opinions between them. Thus, this will increase, engineering thinking skills.
-If you are having difficulty in classes or did not understand something that you learned, do
not be afraid to ask question to your friends or lecturer to explain it.
 Bare in mind, we learned a lesson from a mistake.
 Find a mentor that may be able to guide through the process with their experience and
get advice from them.
b) Explain the importance of Lifelong Learning in supporting individuals (i.e.
engineers) to achieve career goals. (12 marks)
-By continue study, they can gain more knowledge and improve and advance their
engineering skills.
 They can participate and joining any seminars or in house training that held
open in the university. It is highly recommended since this will certainly make
your engineering education more focus and well rounded.
 They mix with different people with different ways of thinking. Hence, they
can share their knowledge and ideas among them.

- Develop and expand networking with outsider.

 By joining and participate in any engineering training, Board Of Engineers
Malaysia (BEM) and engineering associations, they are also able to create a
new circle friend and enhance level of confidence since they are mixing with
other people, thus can enhance communication skill a well.
 Besides that, they also can create job opponent by develop and expand
networking with the outsider. Engineers dos not necessary mean working for a
company, they also have an option to starting their own business. In which
case through joining those program, they can partnering with someone who is
knowledgeable in business.
-Nowadays, getting employment and staying employed is more than ever before.
 Companies now more focused on disruption that preservation. Every firm is
every industry faces the risk of being disrupted out of existence by technology.
 The only way to be secure in your career is by developing your skill. This is
why lifelong learning is importance in order to keep our career. By expanding
our skills, you can create your own opportunities and offering you value skills
in order to achieve your career goals.

-Besides that, the importance of lifelong learning is that it keeps your mind sharp
and improve self-intellectual by working in industry.
 Sometimes what we learned in university is not practiced regularly enough.
Then after years working, they used doing things in certain way and works
struggle to solve problem with facing challenges.
 Moreover, when we keep learning and learning some new, it can retain mental
abilities.

- Moreover, advancement of competitive skills necessary for engineering

profession.
 The advancement of technology does not seem to stop anytime soon. By
years, there will so many innovation and technological development. This
scenario changed many professions.
 Therefore, there is always be something new for you to learn and enhance
your skills in. This is necessary to make you an excellent-performance
worker and up to date workers in along with development of technologies.
- It is also help to keep motivation at an optimum level.
 Throughout the time, work can be pretty lame. Thus, by discovering new
knowledges can help to regain the interest in your job.
 This is vital in helping to make you more productive and integrity.

-Lifelong learning system enhance us to improve self-confidence by letting your

feel more valued and respected through your accumulated knowledge.
 You are more able to solve problems, integrate new ideas and expand your
capabilities. By growing ability of knowledge and understanding, you will
feel more contribute socially and gaining self-esteem that helps you to feel
less stressed and be more content.
 With knowledge on the job that is always updated, yourself confidence
will have boost to it. It helps to convince you are on working on the job
and to discuss it with other engineers.

-Our education does not stop the moment you complete your engineering degree.
Therefore, start making plans down the road. Every engineer as their own goals to
achieve after graduation in order to be a professional and well-respected engineers.
Hence lifelong learning is importance in supporting engineers to achieve their own
career goals.
 c) The society and community’s perception on engineering profession are found to
be moderately low compared to other professional professions. Discuss this
statement by considering the factors that leads to this issue and suggest some
possible initiative/ways to be taken. (12 marks)
-Many of those people are being stereotype.
 Awareness and understanding of engineers and engineering tended to be narrowly
defined and they primarily related to construction and mechanics into the role of
building or fixing things rather than design, innovation or creativity compared to
other professions.
 There is less exposure about engineering professions nowadays. People with the
highest awareness of engineering tended to perceive the profession as a more creative
and high profession compared to others.

-Poor levels of understanding of the engineering profession and its skill leads them to
thinking that engineer’s profession is low compared to other profession.
 They also do not acknowledge the achievements properly of those engineer’s
profession within in the industry, not only on the fields.
 They do not know there are various types of engineering which mean all of them
have different scope area of work. Engineers do not only contribute the problem that
they solved but they are also raise on engineers in society.

-Besides that, less exposure about engineering profession through media.

 They also thought that engineers are uncool. Unlike doctors and lawyer who have
been glamourised in television programmes over the past years. Thus, engineers to be
perceived as less cool that those in other profession
 This is why, they have less exposure about engineering career due to less promote of
engineering profession .They do not know that, engineering profession also perceived
creativity and innovation In the world nation that has most significantly changed our
life to be a betterment.

- Engineering profession always relate to corruption and bribery

 Engineers also being displayed as one of the career that oftenly involves in corruption
and bribery. They are vulnerable to the possibility of being bribed when it comes
choosing tender and contractor.
 But, as a professional engineers, they clinch to their professional ethics as their moral
compass.

Initiative/ways to be taken

-Public awareness campaigns should be help at any open school or university. Long term
public awareness campaign is needed to raise the profile of engineering profession in the eyes
of general public. The campaign should include exhibition of engineering accomplishment
and the role as engineers like the other profession. Thus through this campaign, they can
improve their knowledge about engineering profession.
- There is also things that universities can do to change the perception of stereotype on
engineers. To start with it, we can invite the any school out there like joining some
activities regarding about engineer’s day to our laboratories to let them experience some of
the exciting hands-on experiments for a taste of engineering. With the existent and growing
shortage of engineering skills, this should present an attractive career option for many young
people.

-Programmes shows and advertisement about engineering profession also should be

increase through television programme and media social. As we all know, people
nowadays has their own mobile phone and that is the simplest medium for them to share their
knowledge . Through that, we can spread the role of engineers and contribution that engineers
make to society over the past years.

- Besides that, engineers also should mix and develop engagement with society. Engineers
should be more inclusive about their work. Though engineers work is quite busy, they should
fine time to get involver with the society by offering specialities to the people. By doing this,
indirectly they are ambassador of engineering community.