ECOSYSTEM

Match the ecosystem to the percentage thet thy cover of the Earth´s surface.

1. Ocean 2. Land 3 fresh water a. 1.8 % b. 23.2% c.75%

biocoenosis ecosystem species biotope

An ______________________ is all the living organisms and the non-living things in a specific
place, and the relationships between them.

The _____________________ is a physical place. It includes non- living thing, like water, air,
soil, rocks, sunlight and temperature.

The ______________________ is all of the living organisms, such as plants, animals and other
organisms. It includes different _______________, which are groups of living organisms that
can reproduce and produce fertile offspring. Ecosystems can be small, like a pond, or large, like
rainforest.

Complete the table with the elements you can found in a forest.

Biotope Biocoenosis

TYPES OF ECOSYSTEMS

delta field mixed aquatic Coral reef land

Ecosystems can be ________________, _______________ or _________________.

 _____________________: The biotipe is covered with water. This can be salt water or
fresh water. An example is a ___________________________.
 ___________________: The biotipe is not covered with water. An example is a
________________.
 ______________________: The biotope is where land and water meet. An example is
a _____________________.
 Match the ecosystems to the elements of the biocoenoses.

1. Aquatic a. camel b whale c seaweed d cactus

2. Land e parrot f. crocodile g. dolphin h. frog
3. Mixed

relationships balance Living organisms destroyed

An ecosystem is in ___________________ if the __________________ between its elements

contribute to the survival of its elements contribute to the survival of its
______________________________.

If the ecosystem falls out of balance, it may recover, or it may be ______________ and
replaced with another ecosystem.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE SAME SPECIES.

Gregarious hiearchy survival colonies reproduction families societies

associations

Some living organisms from the same species live together. This improves their chances of
_______________ and ________________. These are some examples of same species
relationships.

 ________________________________ are unorganised groups of the same species.

They group together for protection from predators and to find mates.
 __________________ are common amongst related mammals, such as wolves. Living
in a family means they can hunt together and protect the young. There is usually
___________________. For example, is a pack of wolves the alpha male and alpha
female are dominant.
 _______________________ are groups that are very organised. Work is distributed
amongst the members of the group. This makes the group efficient and stable. Insects
such as ants, form societies called __________________.
 Hunt Work Reproduce Predators Young

Some species of animals live together. This improves their ability to survive and
__________________. There are other adventage too, such as protection from
___________________. Animals can also ______________ together and protect their
_______________________. In societies like insects colonies, ______________ is
distributed.

RELATINSHIPS BETWEEN DIFFERENT SPECIES

Commensalism Parasitism Mutalism

Living organisms from different species also interact with each other. This interaction may
benefit both or just one of the species involved.

 _____________________ is when both species benefit from the relationship.

 _____________________ is when one species gains from the relationship and the
other species loses.
 _____________________ is when one species gains from the relationship, but the
other species doesn´t lose anything.
 ____________________ a flea feeds on an animal´s blood.
 _____________________ a bird obtain nectar from the flower and pollinates the
flower at the same time.
 ___________________ orchids grow on tree trunks to get more sunlight, but this
doesn´t damage the tree.
 __________________ Insects eating sap from plants.
 __________________ a spider weaving a web in a bush without damaging the
bush.
 __________________ algae living on a spider crab. The algae has somewhere to
grow and predators don´t see the crab easily.
 fur Anatomical Vital survive breathes adventage Cold leaves
adaptations functions weather

All living organisms have characteristics that help them to ______________in their
ecosystem. These characteristics are called ________________________.

Adaptations include a living organism´s _______________ __________________, such

as how it ____________________, and its _________________features, such as its
_______________, skin or ________________________

This helps living organisms to take __________________ of the conditions of their

biotope and to relate to other living organisms in their ecosystem.

__________________ _________________ are the physical or structural

characteristics of a living organism that help it to live in its environment.

An example is the thick fur that a bear has to protect it from the ___________
_______________.

How do fish breathe? How is this anatomical adaptation?

Complete the table with the information

Polar bears have thick, white fur, which is good insulation and camouflage. They have
webbed feet for swimming. They are carnivorous and feed on fish and seals. They have
a thick layer of body fat, which insulates them from the cold and helps them float.

Brown bears live mainly in forests. They are hunters and scavengers. They have a very
good sense of smell. This helps them to find food. They have strong legs for running.
They have sharp claws for digging dens. A den is where they sleep.
 Anatomical adaptations Reasons
Polar bears

Brown bears

Migration Hibernation Behavioural Dormancy Courtship

adaptations displays

 _________________________________ are the things that living organisms

do in order to survive in their ecosystem.
 ___________________ Many animals migrate when the seasons change. They
go to a place with more food and a better climate.
 ____________________________. Some animals, especially birds, perform
special dances and noises to attract mates.
 _______________________. Many plants are dormant during the winter
months to protect them from the cold.
 _____________________. Some animals hibernate during the cold winters to
preserve their energy. This means that they go to sleep for many months and
only wake for short time.

Attract Hibernate Living organisms migrate

Behavioural adaptations are things ______________ do that help them to survive in its
ecosystem. An example of behavioural adaptation is when animals ____________ when the
seasons change. Other examples are when animals______________ during the winter or
perform dances to _______________ a mate.