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C:\>sqlplus

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 27 17:30:38 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Enter user-name: system


Enter password:manager

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Express Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

1) create table command

SQL> CREATE TABLE STUDENT1(ROLLNO INT,SNAME VARCHAR(30),AGE INT);

Table created.

SQL> DESC STUDENT1


Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ROLLNO NUMBER(38)
SNAME VARCHAR2(30)
AGE NUMBER(38)

2) insert data into table

SQL> INSERT INTO STUDENT1(ROLLNO,SNAME,AGE)VALUES(1,'ABHISHEK',21);


1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO STUDENT1(ROLLNO,SNAME,AGE)VALUES(2,'AMAN',22);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO STUDENT1(ROLLNO,SNAME,AGE)VALUES(3,'AWADHESH',20);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO STUDENT1(ROLLNO,SNAME,AGE)VALUES(4,'BHUVESH',20);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO STUDENT1(ROLLNO,SNAME,AGE)VALUES(5,'DEVENDRA',20);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO STUDENT1(ROLLNO,SNAME,AGE)VALUES(5,'MD TALIB',20);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO STUDENT1(ROLLNO,SNAME,AGE)VALUES(7,'SAURABH',24);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO STUDENT1(ROLLNO,SNAME,AGE)VALUES(8,'SHAKTI',22);


1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO STUDENT1(ROLLNO,SNAME,AGE)VALUES(9,'SHRUTI',32);

1 row created.

3) select command

SQL> SELECT * FROM STUDENT1;

ROLLNO SNAME AGE


---------- ------------------------------ ----------
1 ABHISHEK 21
2 AMAN 22
3 AWADHESH 20
4 BHUVESH 20
5 DEVENDRA 20
5 MD TALIB 20
7 SAURABH 24
8 SHAKTI 22
9 SHRUTI 32

9 rows selected.

4) update command

SQL> UPDATE STUDENT1 SET ROLLNO=6 WHERE SNAME='MD TALIB';

1 row updated.

SQL> SELECT * FROM STUDENT1;

ROLLNO SNAME AGE


---------- ------------------------------ ----------
1 ABHISHEK 21
2 AMAN 22
3 AWADHESH 20
4 BHUVESH 20
5 DEVENDRA 20
6 MD TALIB 20
7 SAURABH 24
8 SHAKTI 22
9 SHRUTI 32

9 rows selected.

SQL> UPDATE STUDENT1 SET ROLLNO=10,SNAME='SHRUTI SHAH',AGE=22 WHERE ROLLNO=9;

1 row updated.

SQL> SELECT * FROM STUDENT1;

ROLLNO SNAME AGE


---------- ------------------------------ ----------
1 ABHISHEK 21
2 AMAN 22
3 AWADHESH 20
4 BHUVESH 20
5 DEVENDRA 20
6 MD TALIB 20
8 SHAKTI 22
7 SAURABH 24
10 SHRUTI SHAH 22

9 rows selected.

5) delete command

SQL> DELETE FROM STUDENT1 WHERE ROLLNO=9;

1 row deleted.

SQL> SELECT * FROM STUDENT1;

ROLLNO SNAME AGE


---------- ------------------------------ ----------
1 ABHISHEK 21
2 AMAN 22
3 AWADHESH 20
4 BHUVESH 20
5 DEVENDRA 20
6 MD TALIB 20
7 SAURABH 24
8 SHAKTI 22

8 rows selected.

6) commit and rollback command

FOR SAVING ANY CHANGES INTO THE DATABSE....


-------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL> COMMIT;

Commit complete.

FOR UNDOING THE CHANGES MADE INTO THE DATABASE..BUT WE DON'T HAVE TO USE COMMIT
COMMAND
OR UNTIL THE COMMIT COMMAND IS USED WE CAN JUST ROLLBACK BY USING rollback
COMMAND.....
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL>ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

______________________________________________
7) select command using conditions

SQL> SELECT SNAME FROM STUDENT1 WHERE ROLLNO=4;

SNAME
------------------------------
BHUVESH

SQL> SELECT SNAME FROM STUDENT1 WHERE AGE=20;

SNAME
------------------------------
AWADHESH
BHUVESH
DEVENDRA
MD TALIB

8) select command with relational operators

WE CAN USE >,<,>= AND <= SIGN EVEN IN SQL COMMANDS......


___________________________________________________________________________________

SQL> SELECT SNAME FROM STUDENT1 WHERE AGE>20;

SNAME
------------------------------
ABHISHEK
AMAN
SHAKTI
SAURABH
SHRUTI

SQL> SELECT SNAME FROM STUDENT1 WHERE AGE<20;

no rows selected

SQL> SELECT SNAME FROM STUDENT1 WHERE AGE<=20;

SNAME
------------------------------
AWADHESH
BHUVESH
DEVENDRA
MD TALIB

9) AND and OR operator


we can join 2 or more than 2 conditions using AND and OR operators.....!

WHEN YOU HAVE TO GIVE 2 CONDITIONS WE USE "and"


________________________________________________________________

SQL> SELECT * FROM STUDENT1 WHERE ROLLNO=7 AND SNAME='SAURABH';

ROLLNO SNAME AGE


---------- ------------------------------ ----------
7 SAURABH 24

SQL> SELECT * FROM STUDENT1 WHERE ROLLNO=7 AND SNAME='SAURABH' AND AGE=24;

ROLLNO SNAME AGE


---------- ------------------------------ ----------
7 SAURABH 24

USING "AND"/"OR" IN SQL.....


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

SQL> SELECT * FROM STUDENT1 WHERE SNAME='SAURABH' OR SNAME='ABHISHEK' OR SNAME='MD


TALIB';

ROLLNO SNAME AGE


---------- ------------------------------ ----------
1 ABHISHEK 21
6 MD TALIB 20
7 SAURABH 24

SQL> SELECT * FROM STUDENT1 WHERE SNAME='SAURABH' AND ROLLNO=7 AND AGE=24;

ROLLNO SNAME AGE


---------- ------------------------------ ----------
7 SAURABH 24

10) distinct and count command


distinct command shows distinct names/age/rollno present in the table
count command counts the total number of distinct names/age/rollno present in the
table...!

SQL> SELECT DISTINCT SNAME FROM STUDENT1;

SNAME
------------------------------
BHUVESH
SHAKTI
AWADHESH
SHRUTI
ABHISHEK
AMAN
SAURABH
DEVENDRA
MD TALIB

9 rows selected.

SQL> SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT SNAME) FROM STUDENT1;

COUNT(DISTINCTSNAME)
--------------------
9

11) "order by" command is used for sorting the data into the particular table

"ORDER BY" IN SQL....


_______________________________________________________________

SQL> SELECT * FROM STUDENT1 ORDER BY AGE;

ROLLNO SNAME AGE


---------- ------------------------------ ----------
5 DEVENDRA 20
6 MD TALIB 20
4 BHUVESH 20
3 AWADHESH 20
9 SHRUTI 21
1 ABHISHEK 21
8 SHAKTI 22
2 AMAN 22
7 SAURABH 24

9 rows selected.

12) min AND max COMMAND....

SQL> SELECT MAX(AGE) FROM STUDENT1 WHERE SNAME='SAURABH';

MAX(AGE)
----------
24

SQL> SELECT MIN(AGE) FROM STUDENT1 WHERE SNAME='MD TALIB';

MIN(AGE)
----------
20
13) count, sum, avg COMMAND.....

SQL> SELECT COUNT(AGE) FROM STUDENT1;

COUNT(AGE)
----------
9

SQL> SELECT SUM(AGE) FROM STUDENT1;

SUM(AGE)
----------
191

SQL> SELECT AVG(AGE) FROM STUDENT1;

AVG(AGE)
----------
21.2222222

14) if the user wants to list the items starting or ending with any specific
character....
we use LIKE command....

select * from student1 where sname like 'a%'; ---> list the names starting with
'a'
select * from student1 where sname like '%a'; ---> list the names ending with 'a'
select * from student1 where sname like '%a%'; ---> list the names having 'a' in
between

SQL> SELECT SNAME FROM STUDENT1 WHERE SNAME LIKE 'A%';

SNAME
------------------------------
ABHISHEK
AMAN
AWADHESH

SQL> SELECT SNAME FROM STUDENT1 WHERE SNAME LIKE '%I';

SNAME
------------------------------
SHAKTI

SQL> SELECT SNAME FROM STUDENT1 WHERE SNAME LIKE '%A%';

SNAME
------------------------------
ABHISHEK
AMAN
AWADHESH
DEVENDRA
MD TALIB
SHAKTI
SAURABH
SHRUTI SHAH

8 rows selected.

15) in AND bewteen COMMAND....

SQL> SELECT * FROM STUDENT1 WHERE SNAME IN ('SAURABH','AMAN','BHUVESH');

ROLLNO SNAME AGE


---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 AMAN 22
4 BHUVESH 20
7 SAURABH 24

SQL> SELECT * FROM STUDENT1 WHERE AGE BETWEEN 22 AND 24;

ROLLNO SNAME AGE


---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 AMAN 22
8 SHAKTI 22
7 SAURABH 24
9 SHRUTI SHAH 22

16) alter TABLE COMMAND

SQL> ALTER TABLE STUDENT2 MODIFY CITY VARCHAR(20);

Table altered.

SQL> DESC STUDENT2;


Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ROLLNO NOT NULL NUMBER(38)
SNAME VARCHAR2(30)
MARKS FLOAT(4)
CITY VARCHAR2(20)

17) drop TABLE COMMAND

SQL> DROP TABLE STUDENT2;


Table dropped.

SQL> DESC STUDENT2;


ERROR:
ORA-04043: object STUDENT2 does not exist

18) create table using primary key

SQL> CREATE TABLE STUDENT2(ROLLNO INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,SNAME VARCHAR(30),MARKS
FLOAT(4),CITY VARCHAR(20));

Table created.

SQL> DESC STUDENT2;


Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ROLLNO NOT NULL NUMBER(38)
SNAME VARCHAR2(30)
MARKS FLOAT(4)
CITY VARCHAR2(20)

19) rename COMMAND

SQL> ALTER TABLE STUDENT1 RENAME COLUMN AGE TO SAGE;

Table altered.

SYNTAX: ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME COLUMN column_name_old TO column_name_new

20) JOIN COMMANDS.....

INNER JOIN IN SQL....

SQL> SELECT STUDENT1.AGE,STUDENT2.MARKS,STUDENT1.SNAME FROM STUDENT1 INNER JOIN


STUDENT2 ON STUDENT1.ROLLNO=STUDENT2.ROLLNO;

AGE MARKS SNAME


---------- ---------- -------------------------
21 470 ABHISHEK
22 430 AMAN
20 300 AWADHESH
20 350 BHUVESH
20 460 DEVENDRA
20 260 MD TALIB
22 460 SHAKTI
24 160 SAURABH
22 360 SHRUTI SHAH
19 440 PRADYUMAN

10 rows selected.

SELECT
table_name1.coulmn1,table_name1.column2,table_name2.coulmn1
FROM table_name1
INNER JOIN table_name2
ON
table_name1.column1=table_name2.coulmn1;

21) between...

SQL> select * from student1 where age between 15 and 20;

ROLLNO SNAME AGE


---------- ------------------------- ----------
3 AWADHESH 20
4 BHUVESH 20
5 DEVENDRA 20
6 MD TALIB 20
10 PRADYUMAN 19

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