EUL Dimensioning

ERICSSON WCDMA RADIO ACCESS NETWORK
RADIO NETWORK
DIMENSIONING GUIDELINE
FOR ENHANCED UPLINK
© Ericsson AB 2007
The contents of this product are subject to revision without notice due to continued progress in methodology,
design and manufacturing.
18/100 56-HSD 101 02/7 Rev B 2009-02-06 ERICSSON INTERNAL 1(32)

RADIO NETWORK DIMENSIONING GUIDELINE FOR ENHANCED UPLINK
Revision history
Rev Date Description
B 2009-02-06 Approved for P7
2(32) ERICSSON INTERNAL 18/100 56-HSD 101 02/7 Rev B 2009-02-06

Contents
1 Introduction .......................................................................4
1.1 Background ...........................................................................................4
1.2 Abbreviations ........................................................................................4
1.3 Limitations .............................................................................................5
1.4 Assumptions..........................................................................................5
1.5 Definitions..............................................................................................5
2 Enhanced uplink overview ...............................................7
2.1 Basic principles .....................................................................................7
3 EUL load calculation .......................................................10
3.1 Pole capacity for EUL..........................................................................10
3.2 Calculation of EUL load.......................................................................11
3.3 Load versus Throughput curves .........................................................11
4 General dimensioning workflow ....................................13
4.1 Workflow overview ..............................................................................13
4.2 Dimensioning objectives .....................................................................15
5 Capacity ...........................................................................15
5.1 Method to calculate capacity...............................................................15
5.2 Handling of feature Maximum Bit Rate (MBR)....................................17
6 Coverage ..........................................................................17
6.1 Introduction .........................................................................................17
6.2 Link budget calculation........................................................................17
6.3 Coverage expansion due to HARQ re-transmission...........................18
6.4 Link budget margins............................................................................20
7 Dimensioning examples .................................................21
7.1 Capacity examples, 10 ms TTI case...................................................21
7.2 Coverage example, 10 ms TTI case ...................................................23
7.3 Notes for 2 ms TTI ..............................................................................24
References............................................................................25
Appendix A: Load tables .....................................................25

1 Introduction
1.1 Background
The purpose of this document is to provide guidance in how to dimension an
Ericsson radio access network where Enhanced Uplink (EUL) will be deployed.
The scope of dimensioning is to determine the EUL system performance in terms
of coverage and capacity.
The values presented in this guideline should not be seen as guaranteed product
performance. The methods presented in this guideline are used for rough
estimates of EUL performance suitable for the dimensioning process.
The methodology described is valid for the P7 release.
1.2 Abbreviations
AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Program
C/I Carrier-to-Interference ratio
CPICH Common PIlot CHannel
DCH Dedicated CHannel
E-AGCH Enhanced uplink Absolute Grant CHannel
E-DCH Enhanced uplink Dedicated CHannel
E-DPCCH Enhanced uplink Dedicated Physical Control CHannel
E-DPDCH Enhanced uplink Dedicated Physical Data CHannel
E-HICH Enhanced uplink HARQ Acknowledgement Indicator CHannel
E-RGCH Enhanced uplink Relative Grant CHannel
EUL Enhanced Uplink
HARQ Hybrid Automatic Re-transmission reQuest
HSDPA High-Speed Downlink Packet Access
P6 Ericsson RAN system Release 6
P7 Ericsson RAN system Release 7
R99 Release-99 (of the 3GPP specifications)
RoT Rise over Thermal
SF Spreading factor
SIR Signal to Interference Ratio
TTI Transmission Time Interval
WCDMA Wideband CDMA

1.3 Limitations
The methods described in this guideline contain the following limitations:
• No dimensioning rules for the downlink control channels for EUL is included.
This is treated in Common Control Channel Guideline [1].
1.4 Assumptions
User distribution
It is assumed that the users are distributed homogenously over the whole cell area.
Channel models
Calculations and examples in this document are relevant for all 3GPP channel
models.
Cell plan
It is assumed that the cell plan consists of a hexagonal network grid of equally
sized cells.
Iub and HW capacity

There are three types of resource that are shared among the EUL users:
• Air interface interference capacity (this document)
• Iub transport network capacity [2]
• Hardware (channel element) capacity in the RBS [3]
It is always assumed that Iub transport network capacity and RBS hardware are
not the limiting links.
1.5 Definitions
User throughput
User throughput is the average user data rate that an EUL user is experiencing
while being randomly situated inside the cell. The user throughput is the actual bit
rate delivered from UTRAN to the Non Access Stratum.
Cell border throughput

The cell border throughput is defined as the minimum user throughput an EUL
user shall obtain within the coverage area at the given coverage probability.

System throughput & system capacity

The system throughput is defined as the sum of throughputs of all EUL users in a
cell, calculated for the scenario where all cells in the system are equally loaded,
thus generating equal amounts of interference. Figure 1 illustrates this load
situation.
Figure 1. Interference level The system capacity is defined as the average number of EUL users, each having
the same in all cells a certain throughput, a cell can support. The system capacity is calculated for the
scenario where all cells in the system are equally loaded, thus generating equal
amounts of interference.
Cell throughput & cell capacity

The cell throughput is defined as the sum of throughputs of all EUL users in a
cell, calculated for the scenario where the cell is loaded at a higher level than its
neighbor cells. Figure 2 illustrates this load situation.
The cell capacity is defined as the average number of EUL users, each having a
certain throughput, a cell can support. The cell capacity calculated for the scenario
Figure 2. Higher where the cell is loaded at a higher level than its neighbor cells.
Interference level in the
target cell Rise Over Thermal
In the WCDMA Uplink, the common shared resource is the uplink interference
level. The Rise over Thermal (RoT) is the ratio between the uplink interference
level and the thermal noise level. The RoT includes three components:
interference due to uplink traffic in own cell, interference due to uplink traffic in
all other cells, and the receiver thermal noise.
UL loading concept
The UL loading concept is introduced in Coverage and Capacity Dimensioning
Guideline [4]. The relation between total loading, EUL loading and DCH loading
is as follows:
QTOT = QEUL + QDCH , average ≤ 100% (1)
Here, QDCH,average is the average uplink DCH load, as opposed to the peak DCH
uplink load QDCH used for calculating the DCH capacity (see [4].) QDCH and
QDCH,average are connected via the Grade of Service (e.g. blocking probability.)
Note that the EUL load QEUL is also the average EUL load and not the peak EUL
load. However, for EUL, the subscript ‘average’ can be omitted because EUL
capacity is not to be calculated at peak EUL load but only at average EUL load.
This is in contrast with DCH. The reason is that DCH is having precedence over
EUL in creating the uplink interference, and EUL is only allowed to generate the
remaining amount of interference, up to the allowed RoT limit.
From equation 1 one can calculate the load available for EUL. For example, if the
total load QTOT is planned for 80% (calculated from the allowed RoT) and the
average DCH traffic is expected to occupy a load amount QDCH,average = 30%, then
there is an amount of load QEUL = 50% left for EUL. This load is divided among
all active EUL users in the cell.
The figure below illustrates the concept.

Load Rise over Thermal

100%load ∞
RoT limit
QEUL
EUL load
QDCH,average
QTOT DCH load
Thermal noise floor
Figure 3. Uplink loading concept
2 Enhanced uplink overview
2.1 Basic principles
2.1.1 Background
The purpose with EUL is to enhance the WCDMA uplink as compared to the R99
release, to match the downlink improvements that were provided with HSDPA.
The main target for enhanced uplink is interactive and background traffic.
EUL includes many characteristics. The following are relevant for dimensioning:
• Multi code transmission
• Short TTI
• Scheduling of user data
• HARQ re-transmission
• Different UE categories
• Mobility
• G-RAKE reception at high data rates
• Channel switching for coverage maintenance
2.1.2 Multi code transmission

The uplink data is transmitted on several codes in parallel, to achieve higher data
rates. The maximum number of codes that can be requested varies from 1 to 4
depending on UE category. The achieved throughput is a multiple of the code use.
See section 2.1.6 for more information on UE capabilities.

2.1.3 Short TTI

10 ms TTI combined with HARQ implemented in the RBS allows for low round
trip delays and a low overall delay. It makes fast scheduling possible, which is
needed for fast adaptation to interference variations. In P7, 2 ms TTI is
introduced, which gives even lower delays and higher rates.
2.1.4 Scheduling of user data

The EUL scheduler, located in the RBS, handles all three types of resource
mentioned in section 1.4. In every TTI, the scheduler will allocate to the needing
EUL users the part of the available uplink interference that is not instantaneously
consumed by DCHs during that TTI.
The air interface load is expressed as two separate measures:
• RoT: The Rise over Thermal, which is limited by the operator parameter
eulMaxRotCoverage. The scheduler controls the power and bit rates of all
EUL users to achieve the highest EUL throughput and degree of fairness,
while keeping the rise over thermal lower than that limit.
• Own cell interference: This quantity is limited by the operator parameter
eulMaxOwnUuLoad. The scheduler makes sure that the interference
generated by the own cells is below this limit, so as to avoid power rush
effects that may occur when the system is close to its pole capacity.
Coverage estimate Stability estimate

RTW P Uplink interference caused by own cell
Rise over Thermal limit

Rise over Thermal (noise-rise)
Thermal noise level Own cell Uu load limit

t t
Zero own interference load
Figure 4. Maximum RoT and maximum own cell interference limits.
2.1.5 HARQ re-transmission

For EUL, a data block that is received erroneously will be saved by the HARQ
entity in the RBS so as to combine with its re-transmitted version for detection. In
this combined detection, the signal energy in the first transmission and in the re-
transmissions are coherently added, thus the combined signal to interference ratio
is significantly greater than the signal to interference ratio in each transmission.
As a consequence, a data block can be successfully transmitted using multiple re-
transmissions, with very low signal to interference ratio in each transmission, thus
requiring very low received signal level. Nevertheless, when the UE is well inside
the cell coverage, this benefit of multiple re-transmissions is not applicable. The

reason is that, when being well inside the cell, the UE’s transmitted power will be
regulated by UTRAN so that the received power is high enough that the HARQ
re-transmission frequency is low (typically 10%).
The benefit of multiple re-transmissions is realized when the UE is moving so far
away from the RBS that uplink power regulation is no longer effective. This
phenomenon has impact on the EUL coverage, as detailed in section 6.3.
2.1.6 UE categories
6 UE categories have been specified, defined by the maximum number of codes
that can be transmitted and the minimum spreading factor that can be used, and
the TTI type (2 ms and/or 10 ms) that they can support.
Table 1. Properties defined for EUL capable terminals.

Maximum Spreading factor Maximum Maximum
UE Category TTI allowed number usage for the E-DCH scheduled user
of codes maximum rate data rate data rate
1 10 ms 1 1 x SF4 0.711 Mbps 0.672 Mbps
2 ms 2 2 x SF4 1.399 Mbps 1.280 Mbps
2
10 ms 2 2 x SF4 1.4484 Mbps 1.376 Mbps
3 10 ms 2 2 x SF4 1.4484 Mbps 1.376 Mbps
2 ms 2 2 x SF2 2.886 Mbps 2.720 Mbps
4
10 ms 2 2 x SF2 2.000 Mbps1 1.888 Mbps
5 10 ms 2 2 x SF2 2.000 Mbps 1.888 Mbps
2 ms 4 2 x SF4 + 2 x SF2 5.742 Mbps 5.440 Mbps
6
10ms 4 2 x SF22 2.000 Mbps 1.888 Mbps
2.1.7 Mobility
The E-DCH channel can be in soft handover. It is received by all cells in the
active set, and can thus benefit from macro diversity gain.
The non-serving cells in the active set need to make a pre-reservation of hardware
for the soft handover to perform quickly and efficiently. Not to utilize too much
idle hardware in these cells, the RNC will control the maximum bit rate that is
allowed to be handled in non-serving cells. This is independent of the current
serving cell rate. The default value for this minimum pre-reservation is 128 kbps.
Two cases of soft handover can thus occur:
1 Due to limitations in P7, Ericsson UTRAN only supports 2 × SF4 for all 10 ms TTI users. Therefore, EUL users of categories 4, 5
and 6, when operating in 10 ms TTI mode, will achieve the same maximum rate as category 3.
2 Although 3GPP allows 4 codes for UE category 6 operating in 10 ms TTI mode, there is only a need of using 2 x SF2 because UE
category 6 in 10 ms TTI has the same maximum data rate as UE category 5 which can be supported with 2 x SF2.

• Serving cell bit rate used > non-serving limit: no macro diversity. This will
also affect power control, which is modeled through a higher margin in the
link budget.
• Serving cell bit rate used ≤ non-serving limit: non-serving cells can decode
the signal, and macro diversity gain will appear again. The macro diversity
gain is approximately 1 dB. This is modeled in the link budget through the
LNF margins.
2.1.8 G-RAKE reception at high data rates

G-RAKE is an optional feature, in which the use of an advanced receiver can
cancel part of self-interference, reducing the load created by each EUL user. This
leads to substantial capacity gains. GRAKE reception is applied only for 2 ms TTI
and only for scheduled rates above or equal 1.28 Mbps.
2.1.9 Channel switching for coverage maintenance

When an EUL user moves away from the EUL coverage area, it is possible to
switch down the 2 ms TTI EUL link to a 10 ms TTI link or to a DCH link, so that
the data link is still maintained, albeit at a lower rate. Such possibility is provided
by a licensed feature.
3 EUL load calculation
3.1 Pole capacity for EUL

Each EUL link requires a certain signal to interference ratio (C/I) to obtain the
desired quality. The C/I’s are shown in Appendix A for different data rates and
channel models. The pole capacity for a certain EUL rate is calculated as:
⎛ 1 ⎞⎛ 1 ⎞
M pole , EUL = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎜⎜1 + ⎟⎟ (2)
⎝ 1 + Fψ UL ⎠⎝ γ EUL ⎠
Where
F is the average ratio between the interference from other cells
and the interference generated in the own cell in the uplink in
the network, [5],
ψUL is the a scale factor used to model uneven loaded cells, e.g. hot
spot cells, [5],
γEUL is the signal to interference ratio (C/I) applicable for the EUL
data rate in question and channel model. See Appendix A.
Observe that the pole capacity for a single-cell scenario is (1+FψUL) times the pole
capacity for a multiple cell scenario. In single-cell scenario, the cell is either

isolated or its neighbors have no traffic, thus there is no other-cell interference,

which leads to higher pole capacity.
3.2 Calculation of EUL load

Each EUL user i generates a load QEUL,i given by:
1
QEUL ,i = (3)
M pole , EUL ,i
where
Mpole,EUL,i is the pole capacity for the EUL rate used by the EUL user i.
When there are M EUL users in the cell, the total EUL load generated by them is:
M M
1
QEUL = ∑ QEUL ,i = ∑ (4)
i =1 i =1 M pole , EUL ,i
Assuming all EUL users are having the same data rate with a pole capacity
denoted as Mpole,EUL, then
M
QEUL = (5)
M pole , EUL
Observe that the load needed in a multiple-cell scenario is (1+FψUL) times the
load in a single-cell scenario for the same number of EUL users and data rates.
This is because of the reduction in pole capacity by the factor (1+FψUL), see
equation 2.
The tables in Appendix A show the loads versus user throughputs in different
channel models. The load values in these tables are for the single-cell scenario,
thus the load in a multi-cell scenario will be (1+FψUL) times these values, given
the same user throughput.
3.3 Load versus Throughput curves

The curves below are plotted using the data in Appendix A. Because the 10%
HARQ re-transmission criterion is employed, the maximum possible throughputs
for each UE category is 90% of the maximum scheduled data rate for that
category (see section 2.1.6 for UE categories and scheduled data rates). So, for
example, in Figure 5, the maximum throughput for AWGN channel is 4.896
Mbps, corresponding to 5.440 Mbps scheduled rate. Reducing the HARQ re-
transmission frequency will enable user throughput to approach the scheduled
rate, but at an expense of additional load. Consequently, increasing the user peak
rate by lowering HARQ re-transmission below 10% has the consequence of
reducing cell throughput.

Throughput vs. Load for 2 ms TTI at 10% HARQ re-transmission with

normal RAKE receiver
5500
5000
4500
User throughput (kbps)

4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Load (%)
AWGN channel PedA-3 RA-3 TU-3
Figure 5 Throughput vs. loading for category 6 (2 ms TTI) with single EUL
user in single-cell scenario and normal RAKE receiver. User throughput has
accounted for HARQ re-transmission effect (thus is equal to 90% of scheduled
rate).

G-RAKE receiver
5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Load (%)
Figure 6 Throughput vs. loading for category 6 (2 ms TTI) with single EUL
user in single-cell scenario and G-RAKE receiver. User throughput has
accounted for HARQ re-transmission effect (thus is equal to 90% of scheduled
rate).


normal RAKE receiver
1400
1200

1000
800
600
400
200
0
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
Load (%)
Figure 7 Throughput vs. loading for 10 ms TTI. The curves apply to UE

categories 3, 4, 5 and 6 (note that Ericsson UTRAN supports only up to 2×SF4
for 10 ms TTI.) The curves are for the single EUL user in single-cell scenario and
with RAKE receiver.
4 General dimensioning workflow

Since the channels supporting EUL exist in a network together with other
channels such as DCH and HSDPA, the dimensioning of EUL has impact on the
dimensioning of DCH, HSDPA and vise versa. This section outlines the whole
network dimensioning process to provide an understanding of the above mutual
impacts between the dimensioning of EUL and of other types of channels.
4.1 Workflow overview

1. The workflow starts with an uplink DCH dimensioning done together
with EUL dimensioning. The common resource for EUL and DCH is the
total uplink load QTOT. The total load QTOT directly affects the interference
margin in the link budgets for EUL and DCH, thus affecting their
coverage. The capacities of uplink DCH and of EUL are limited by the
shared load QTOT, thus one shall divide the total load QTOT to DCH and
EUL in such a way that the desired balance between DCH and EUL
capacities is obtained.
Assuming that a balance has been made between uplink DCH and EUL, the
dimensioning for downlink DCH and for CPICH can follow as in [4]. Here,
another balance shall be made between uplink and downlink with the possible
consequence of reducing cell size (due to possible downlink limitation), which
only has positive impact on coverage and capacity of uplink DCH and EUL.

Finally, the output of the DCH dimensioning process becomes the input to the
proper EUL and HSDPA dimensioning.
Figure 8 shows the overall dimensioning workflow in a schematic form which
includes the dimensioning of DCH, CCH, EUL and HSDPA. Figure 9 shows the
details of the EUL dimensioning workflow.
start
QDCH,average,
RoT limit
CCH dimensioning Coverage & Capacity EUL dimensioning

dimensioning
UL link budget
CCH E-UL
DL link budget
dimensioning dimensioning
PCCH PDCH, Lsa
PE-HICH
HSDPA dimensioning
HSDPA
dimensioning
Figure 8. The overall dimensioning workflow. Only UL link budget and EUL
dimensioning is explained in this document.
Determine EUL loading

and RoT limit
Coverage Capacity
Calculate UL noise rise Use tables or calculate

and C/I throughput
Uplink link budget Determine capacity as

for EUL service throughput or number of
users
Figure 9. EUL dimensioning workflow.

Section 5 and Section 6 describe the procedures for calculating EUL capacity and
coverage, based on analytical expressions and lookup tables. Section 7 gives two
examples, one on capacity and one on coverage.
4.2 Dimensioning objectives

A basic property of the WCDMA technology, especially EUL, is that of
strategy
strategy
strategy
a trade-off between coverage and capacity. For EUL, the trade-off is

done via the allowed RoT level (RoT target). A low RoT target in the
scheduler limits the noise rise, promoting coverage. Conversely, a high
RoT target allows a higher noise rise, which decreases the coverage, but
Low RoT High RoT allows a relatively larger total cell throughput.
Coverage
Capacity
Intermediate
Thus, by manipulating the RoT target parameter, the system can be

adapted to either of the two planning objectives coverage or capacity.
Figure 10. Coverage–capacity

strategy and its dependence on
the RoT target.
5 Capacity
5.1 Method to calculate capacity

The capacity in uplink depends on how much of the interference resource is
allowed to be used. The limit of this interference resource is set by the RoT target.
This section shows how to calculate EUL capacity from the knowledge of the RoT
target and the average DCH load QDCH,average.
5.1.1 Calculating system and cell throughput

A common capacity case is to calculate system and cell throughput, given the
number of EUL users (MEUL) to serve per cell. The steps below describe the
capacity dimensioning methodology.
1. Translating RoT [dB] to QTOT, the total UL load. This is the maximum uplink
loading that can be achieved in the system by both DCH and EUL services.
⎛ 1 ⎞
QTOT = 1 − ⎜ RoT / 10 ⎟ (6)
⎝ 10 ⎠
2. Determining total EUL load QEUL by re-arranging equation 1:
QEUL = QTOT − Q DCH (7)

3. The EUL load generated by each user is

QEUL
QEUL,user = (8)
M EUL
4. Because this is the load in a multi-cell scenario, yet the tables in Appendix A
show load versus throughput for a single-cell scenario, one must convert the
above load to the single-cell equivalent, in order to use the tables.
The load in the single-cell equivalent is:
QEUL ,user
QEUL,user , single − cell = (9)
(1 + Fψ UL )
If the objective is to calculate cell throughput, then the value of ψUL is
recommended to be 0.5, because it is assumed that the surrounding cells are
loaded less than the cell in question.
If the objective is to calculate the system throughput, then the value of ψUL is
1 because all cells are equally loaded. In this case, the system capacity is the
capacity of any cell.
5. From the knowledge of the UE category, determine its maximum scheduled
rate for the UE category by using section 2.1.6.
6. Determining single user throughput TEUL,user by mapping the equivalent load
QEUL,user,single-cell to the user throughput TEUL,user using the tables in Appendix A.
If there is no exact match of the equivalent load QEUL,user,single-cell to the load
entry values in the tables, linear interpolation may be used to estimate the
correct throughput.
Compare the throughput calculated in this step with 90% of the maximum
scheduled rate for the UE category as obtained in step 5. If the calculated
throughput is smaller than 90% of the maximum scheduled rate, then it is the
final user throughput. If greater, then the user throughput is rounded down to
90% of the maximum scheduled rate as obtained in step 5.
7. Calculating average system or cell throughput by multiplying the single user
throughput with the number of simultaneous EUL users given:
TEUL = MEUL.TEUL,user (10)
5.1.2 Calculating the system and cell capacity

When the capacity case is to calculate the number of simultaneous EUL users per
cell, each having a certain EUL throughput, then the dimensioning steps are as
follows.
1. Translating the rise over thermal RoT to the total load QTOT using equation 6.
2. Determining the total EUL load QEUL using equation 7.
3. Use the tables in Appendix A to determine the load QEUL,user,single-cell of each
user corresponding to the desired user throughput. The determined load from
the tables is for the case of single-cell scenario. The load in the actual
multiple-cell scenario of interest is:
QEUL,user = (1 + Fψ UL ) ⋅ QEUL ,user , single − cell (11)
If the objective is to calculate cell capacity, then the value of ψUL is

recommended to be 0.5 because it is assumed that the surrounding cells are

loaded less than the cell in question.
If the objective is to calculate the system capacity, then the value of ψUL is 1
because all cells are equally loaded. In this case, the system capacity is the
capacity of any cell.
4. Calculating number of simultaneous users supported:
QEUL
M EUL = (12)
QEUL ,user
5.2 Handling of feature Maximum Bit Rate (MBR)

The QoS Handling feature limits the bit rate for HSDPA and EUL based on the
maximum bit rate attribute that is received from the core network in the RAB
assignment. In the uplink, the bit rate limitation is made by limiting the
scheduling grant that is given to a user.
For dimensioning purposes, the maximum bit rate desired should be applied in
coverage and capacity calculations. This may have the affect of limiting the load
and the required C/I per user. This will yield either a different allowable path loss
(coverage) or different cell throughput (capacity).
The throughput is the maximum of:
• the throughput determined from load
• the maximum bit rate allowed per user.
6 Coverage
6.1 Introduction
From a methodology point of view there is little difference between a DCH and
an E-DCH channel. Both require a certain signal to interference ratio in order to
support a bit rate at a given quality. A standard link budget calculation is setup to
estimate the coverage for different rates. This section shows the calculation of
EUL coverage given the knowledge of the RoT target.
6.2 Link budget calculation

The purpose of the EUL link budget is to estimate the maximum range that can be
supported for a given EUL user throughput. This means that the given EUL user
throughput can be guaranteed for a particular user located at the cell edge, with a
certain probability.

The uplink link budget for EUL is expressed by the maximum path loss due to
radio wave propagation, Lpmax,EUL [dB].
Lpmax,EUL = PUE – BLNF – BIUL – LBL – LBPL + Ga – Lj – SEUL (13)

where
PUE is the maximum UE output power [dBm] used for EUL.
BLNF is the lognormal fading margin (including soft handover gain)
[dB],
BIUL is the uplink interference margin experienced by the EUL user
[dB], determined by the RoT target. See section 6.4.
LBL is the body loss [dB],
LBPL is the building penetration loss [dB],
Ga is the sum of RBS antenna gain and UE antenna gain [dBi],
Lj is the jumper loss [dB]. See [5] for its setting and dependency on
RBS configuration.
SEUL is the uplink sensitivity [dBm]. See equation 14.
The system sensitivity in the uplink, SRBS, is the sensitivity level without any
interference contribution from other UEs, and is here defined at the system
reference point. It is expressed (in logarithmic dimensions) as:
SEUL = Nt + Nf + 10logRchip + Lf +γEUL [dBm] (14)
Where
Nt is the thermal noise power density (−174 dBm/Hz),
Nf is the RBS noise figure
Rchip is the system chip rate (3.84Mcps)
Lf is the feeder loss [dB]. See [5] for its setting and dependency on
RBS configuration.
γEUL is the C/I (dB) requirement for the EUL rate. See Appendix A and
also section 6.3.
The two key inputs to determine coverage are RoT (which affects the interference
margin BIUL, see section 6.4) and the C/I requirement for the given EUL user
throughput (which affects the sensitivity, see equation 14.)
6.3 Coverage expansion due to HARQ re-transmission

As mentioned in section 2.1.5, combined detection in HARQ allows a data block
to be successfully transmitted using multiple re-transmissions, with very low
received signal to interference ratio in each transmission. The impact of this
phenomenon on coverage is explained below.
When the UE is moving so far away from the RBS that uplink power regulation is
no longer effective, the UE is always sending maximum power, and the received
signal at the RBS is getting weaker as the UE is moving further away. Thus, the
re-transmission rate increases more and more, yet due to HARQ combining, data

blocks still can be successfully received. At very high pathloss, the UE always
chooses the smallest TFC to transmit, which, in Ericsson UTRAN, corresponds to
a scheduled rate of 160 kbps for 2 ms TTI and 32 kbps for 10 ms TTI. The
throughput is then equal to the scheduled rate subtracted the re-transmitted
portion. Thus, EUL coverage can be maintained at far distance from the RBS,
albeit at a reduced throughput.
It is interesting to know the required signal to interference ratio when there are
multiple re-transmissions, so as to evaluate the EUL coverage. Only 2 ms TTI
case is discussed. The case of 10 ms TTI is not discussed because its minimum
data rate of 32 kbps is too low to desire the assessment of any lower rate.
For 2 ms TTI, the required C/I for the case of 80 kbps throughput is typically 5
dB lower than that for the case of 144 kbps throughput (the latter is the case of
10% re-transmission for the 160 kbps scheduled rate). The case of 80kbps
throughput happens when the 160 kbps scheduled rate has 50% HARQ re-
transmission (which means that an average of 2 transmissions are needed for each
data block, 1 new- and 1 re-transmission.)
For 2 ms TTI, the required C/I for the case of 53.3 kbps throughput is typically 7
dB lower than that for the case of 144 kbps throughput (the latter is the case of
10% re-transmission for the 160 kbps scheduled rate). The case of 53.3 kbps
throughput happens when the 160 kbps scheduled rate has 67% HARQ re-
transmission (which means that an average of 3 transmissions are needed for each
data block, 1 new- and 2 re-transmissions.)
To summary, the C/I gains for 2 ms TTI are shown below:
γ EUL,80 kbps = γ EUL,144 kbps − 5dB
γ EUL,53.3kbps = γ EUL,144 kbps − 7dB
The C/I for 144 kbps is given in Appendix A.

Due to having lower required C/Is, the cases of 80 kbps and 53.3 kbps throughput
will allow a larger coverage compared to the case of 144 kbps. It is evident from
the link budget that, the amount of coverage extension will be exactly the same as
the amount of reduction in the required C/I, (assuming the same total load QTOT.)
The discussion is summarized below in Table 2.
Table 2. C/I and Coverage gain due to increased HARQ re-transmission rate
Scheduled rate 160 kbps 160 kbps 160 kbps
HARQ re-transmission rate 50% 67% 10%
Obtained user throughput 80 kbps 53.3 kbps 144 kbps
C/I gain compared to 144 5 dB 7 dB 0 db
kbps throughput
Coverage gain compared to 5 dB 7 dB 0 dB
144 kbps throughput

6.4 Link budget margins

• The interference margin (dB) experienced by an EUL user is
⎡⎛ 1 ⎞⎛ 1 ⎞⎤
BIUL = 10 ⋅ log ⎢⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎥
⎣ ⎝ 1 + γ EUL ⎠⎝ 1 − QTOT ⎠⎦ (15)
= RoT − 10 ⋅ log(1 + γ EUL )
Where γEUL is in linear scale and RoT in dB. The relation between RoT and QTOT is
shown in equation 6.
To achieve high cell throughput, the RoT target, or equivalently the total load
QTOT, is desired to be high (see section 5.1.) However, equation 15 above shows
that higher load means higher interference margin, reducing coverage. Figure 11
and Figure 12 show the coverage for 5 and 10 dB RoT, respectively.
Throughput vs. CPICH RSCP for total allowed Rise Over Thermal of 5 dB
CPICH power 33 dBm
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
-88 -90 -92 -94 -96 -98 -100 -102 -104 -106 -108 -110 -112 -114
CPICH RSCP at UE (dBm)
PedA-3 RA-3 TU-3
Figure 11. EUL coverage for the case RoT of 5 dB, with minimum throughput of
53.3 kbps. CPICH power PCPICH = 33 dBm, UE power 24 dBm. The signal
attenuation Lsa = PCPICH – RSCPCPICH.

Throughput vs. CPICH RSCP for total allowed Rise Over Thermal of 10 dB
CPICH power 33 dBm
4500
4000
3500

3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
-80 -82 -84 -86 -88 -90 -92 -94 -96 -98 -100 -102 -104 -106 -108
CPICH RSCP at UE (dBm)
PedA-3 RA-3 TU-3
Figure 12. EUL coverage for the case RoT of 10 dB, with minimum throughput of
53.3 kbps. CPICH power PCPICH = 33 dBm, UE power 24 dBm. The signal
attenuation Lsa = PCPICH – RSCPCPICH.
• Soft handover gain (included in BLNF) - depending on the minimum bitrate

setting for non-serving active cells and RBS hardware available, soft
handover gain can be considered and included in LNF margins. If there is no
minimum bitrate requirement or not enough hardware, then soft handover
gain may not be realized, and lognormal fading margins with hard handover
should be used instead, [5].
• Other margins – Same as for DCH coverage and dimensioning, see [4].
7 Dimensioning examples
7.1 Capacity examples, 10 ms TTI case

Lpmax These examples start with the question “What capacity in terms of cell throughput
can be obtained when EUL is operated in an existing network?”
BIUL The example below covers 3 cases, one for low number of users, one for high
number of users (e.g. VoIP) and one for those users having the limitation imposed
by the feature Maximum Bit Rate.
Throughput
The following inputs are defined:

Table 3. Inputs for capacity dimensioning example

Dimensioning parameter Case 1 Case 2 Case 3
RoT 7 dB 7 dB 7 dB
QDCH 20% 20% 20%
MEUL – number of EUL users 4 20 4
F – other/own cell interference 0.5 0.5 0.5
ΨUL 1 1 1
Cat 3, Cat 3, Cat 3,

UE category
10 ms TTI 10 ms TTI 10 ms TTI
Receiver type Rake Rake Rake
Maximum bit rate - - 384 kbps
The first step (for all the 3 cases mentioned above) is to calculate the QTOT using
equation 6.
QTOT = 1 – (1 / 107/10) = 0.8 = 80%
Then, QEUL is determined using equation 7.
QEUL = 80% − 20% = 60%.
QEUL,user,single-cell is calculated by combining equations 8 and 9. For case 1 and 3:
QEUL,user,single-cell = 60% / (4·(1+0.5)) = 10%
and for case 2:
QEUL,user,single-cell = 60% / (20·(1+0.5)) = 2%
Because the UE is of Category 3, the maximum RLC scheduling rate is 1.376

Mbps, which corresponds to max throughput of 1.376 × 90% = 1.238 Mbps.
Then the user throughput is determined by referring to the throughput table for 10
ms TTI in Appendix A. Assume RA-3 channel model is applicable in this
example, then for cases 1 and 2, the throughput per EUL user is around 432 kbps
and 72 kbps respectively. For case 3, MBR, the throughput is minimum of
allowable rate and MBR rate = min (432, 384) = 384 kbps. All the calculated
throughputs are lower than the maximum value for the UE category 3, thus they
are the correct results.
Finally the maximum EUL capacity is determined by multiplying the single user
rate by the number of simultaneous EUL users. The results are summarized in
Table 4.

Table 4. Results of cell capacity dimensioning examples

Results Case 1 Case 2 Case 3
QTOT 80% 80% 80%
QEUL 60% 60% 60%
QEUL,user,single-cell 10% 2% 10%
TEUL,user (kbps) 432 72 384
TEUL (kbps) 1728 1440 1536
Here it becomes evident that low bit rate users are less efficient than high bit rate
users in terms of providing high cell throughput, and also that MBR can limit
potential capacity.
7.2 Coverage example, 10 ms TTI case

This example is about designing a new network design targeted for EUL services.
The dimensioning task is formulated as: “What is the site-to-site distance for a
network with 95% indoor coverage of EUL at minimum user throughput of 115
kbps using 10ms TTI EUL terminals and 10% HARQ re-transmission?”.
The maximum pathloss Lpmax,EUL is determined from the link budget, equation 13,
Bitrate given the knowledge of the RoT target and the C/I for the EUL rate.
For this example, assume the following:
Link budget • RA3 channel model.
• 75% maximum load setting, QTOT
Lpmax
• RBS noise figure 1.8 dB
• TMA configuration assumed
• RAKE receiver only
• 10 ms TTI UEs
The first step is to find the required C/I at 115 kbps by looking at the table in
Appendix A. The result is −15.4 dB. Note that 115 kbps throughput corresponds
to 128 kbps scheduled rate at 10% HARQ re-transmission.
Then SEUL is calculated with equation 14:
SEUL = −174.4 + 1.8 + 10log(3840000) −15.4 = −121.6 dBm.

Next, the uplink interference margin is calculated from the load target, using
equation 15:
⎛ 1 ⎞⎛ 1 ⎞
BIUL = 10 ⋅ log⎜ −15.4 dB / 10 ⎟⎜ ⎟ = 5.9 dB
⎝ 1 + 10 ⎠⎝ 1 − 0.75 ⎠
Also a check for macro diversity gain must also be made. Since the wanted
throughput of 115 kbps corresponds to scheduling rate of 128 kbps and this is
equal to the non-serving cell limit, macro diversity gain will occur when the UE is

in soft handover, so the soft handover LNF margins [5] can be used in the link
budget. The resulting uplink link budget is given by Table 5.
Table 5. UL link budget for coverage dimensioning example

UE output power PUE 24 dBm
Sensitivity for EUL SEUL –121.6 dBm
Interference margin BIUL 5.9 dB
Log-normal fading margin BLNF 7.5 dB
Body loss LBL 0 dB
Car penetration loss LCPL 0 dB
Building penetration loss LBPL 18 dB
Antenna gain Ga 18 dB
Jumper loss Lj 1 dB
Maximum allowed pathloss Lpmax,EUL 131.2 dB
It is assumed here that the EUL link budget is the limiting link, and thus that Lpmax
= Lpmax,EUL. Using the Okumura-Hata model at 2100 MHz [5] in suburban area
with RBS antenna height 30m, UE antenna height 1.5m, this pathloss corresponds
to an EUL coverage of 2.9 km.
7.3 Notes for 2 ms TTI

Methodology to dimension 2 ms and 10 ms TTI are the same. However, one shall
note that, this guideline provides data that allows calculation of coverage for 2 ms
TTI with throughputs below 144 kbps (see section 6.3). Data for the two provided
rates of 80 kbps and 53.3 kbps are given in section 6.3.

References
1. Common Control Channel Guideline, 63/100 56-HSD 101 02/6
2. Iub Traffic Calculation Guideline, 131/100 56-HSD 101 02/6
3. Channel Element Dimensioning Guideline, 2/100 56-HSD 101 02/5
4. Coverage and Capacity Dimensioning Guideline, 17/100 56-HSD 101 02/6
5. RN Formulas and Dimensioning Data, 134/100 56-HSD 101 02/6
6. HSDPA RN Dimensioning Guideline, 7/100 56-HSD 101 02/5
7. Radio Wave Propagation Guideline, 16/1551-HSD 101 02/1
Appendix A: Load tables

In this guideline, the signal to interference ratio C/I used for dimensioning
corresponds to 10% re-transmission at HARQ level. Consequently, the maximum
user throughput for each UE category is 90% of the maximum scheduled rate for
that UE category. See section 2.1.6 for UE categories and maximum scheduled
rate for each category.
In this Appendix the loads are shown versus throughputs and C/I’s for different
channel models.

Table 6. Load table for 10 ms TTI, RA-3, RA-50 and TU3 channels. Note that
Ericsson UTRAN only supports up to 2×SF4 for 10 ms TTI.
10 ms TTI, all UE categories
RA-3 channel RA-50 channel TU-3 channel
User throughput RAKE RAKE RAKE

(kbps) C/I (dB) Load, % C/I (dB) Load, % C/I (dB) Load, %
29 -19.2 1.2% -17.7 1.7% -18.8 1.3%
58 -17.6 1.7% -16.2 2.4% -17.2 1.9%
86 -16.3 2.3% -14.9 3.2% -15.9 2.5%
115 -15.4 2.8% -14.0 3.8% -15.0 3.1%
144 -14.5 3.4% -13.0 4.7% -14.1 3.8%
173 -14.0 3.9% -12.5 5.3% -13.5 4.2%
202 -13.3 4.4% -11.9 6.1% -12.9 4.9%
230 -12.8 5.0% -11.3 6.9% -12.3 5.5%
259 -12.3 5.6% -10.8 7.6% -11.8 6.1%
288 -11.8 6.2% -10.3 8.5% -11.3 6.8%
317 -11.4 6.8% -9.9 9.2% -10.9 7.5%
346 -10.8 7.7% -9.4 10.4% -10.4 8.4%
374 -10.5 8.1% -9.1 11.0% -10.1 9.0%
403 -10.0 9.2% -8.5 12.4% -9.5 10.1%
432 -9.5 10.1% -8.0 13.6% -9.0 11.1%
461 -9.3 10.4% -7.9 14.0% -8.9 11.5%
490 -9.1 11.0% -7.6 14.7% -8.6 12.1%
634 -8.3 12.8% -6.9 17.0% -7.9 14.0%
662 -8.1 13.4% -6.6 17.8% -7.6 14.8%
691 -7.8 14.4% -6.3 19.0% -7.3 15.8%
720 -7.5 15.2% -6.0 20.0% -7.0 16.7%
749 -7.2 16.2% -5.7 21.2% -6.7 17.8%
778 -6.9 16.9% -5.5 22.1% -6.4 18.6%
806 -6.8 17.4% -5.3 22.7% -6.3 19.1%
835 -6.7 17.7% -5.2 23.1% -6.2 19.5%
864 -6.4 18.6% -5.0 24.1% -5.9 20.4%
893 -6.1 19.7% -4.7 25.5% -5.6 21.7%
922 -5.9 20.4% -4.5 26.3% -5.4 22.4%
950 -5.7 21.2% -4.3 27.2% -5.2 23.3%
979 -5.5 22.0% -4.1 28.2% -5.0 24.2%
1008 -5.2 23.2% -3.8 29.5% -4.7 25.5%
1037 -4.8 24.7% -3.4 31.3% -4.3 27.1%
1066 -4.5 26.0% -3.1 32.8% -4.0 28.6%
1094 -4.4 26.6% -3.0 33.5% -3.8 29.2%
1123 -4.0 28.4% -2.6 35.5% -3.4 31.2%
1152 -3.9 28.8% -2.5 36.0% -3.3 31.7%
1181 -3.6 30.5% -2.2 37.8% -3.0 33.5%
1210 -3.2 32.2% -1.8 39.7% -2.6 35.4%
1238 -3.1 33.1% -1.6 40.7% -2.4 36.4%

Table 7. Load table for 10 ms TTI, PedA-3, VehA-3 and AWGN channels. Note
that Ericsson UTRAN only supports up to 2×SF4 for 10 ms TTI.
10 ms TTI, all UE categories

VehA-3 channel PedA-3 channel AWGN channel
RAKE RAKE RAKE
User throughput
(kbps) C/I (dB) Load, % C/I (dB) Load, % C/I (dB) Load, %
29 -19.2 1.2% -19.2 1.2% -19.2 1.2%
58 -17.6 1.7% -17.7 1.7% -17.7 1.7%
86 -16.3 2.3% -16.4 2.3% -16.4 2.2%
115 -15.4 2.8% -15.5 2.8% -15.5 2.7%
144 -14.5 3.4% -14.5 3.4% -14.6 3.4%
173 -14.0 3.9% -14.0 3.8% -14.1 3.8%
202 -13.3 4.4% -13.4 4.4% -13.5 4.3%
230 -12.8 5.0% -12.8 4.9% -12.9 4.9%
259 -12.3 5.6% -12.3 5.5% -12.4 5.4%
288 -11.8 6.2% -11.8 6.1% -11.9 6.0%
317 -11.4 6.8% -11.5 6.7% -11.6 6.5%
346 -10.8 7.7% -10.9 7.5% -11.0 7.3%
374 -10.5 8.2% -10.6 8.0% -10.7 7.8%
403 -9.9 9.2% -10.1 9.0% -10.2 8.7%
432 -9.5 10.2% -9.6 9.9% -9.8 9.5%
461 -9.3 10.5% -9.5 10.2% -9.6 9.8%
490 -9.1 11.1% -9.2 10.7% -9.4 10.3%
634 -8.3 12.9% -8.5 12.4% -8.7 11.9%
662 -8.0 13.6% -8.2 13.0% -8.5 12.4%
691 -7.7 14.5% -7.9 13.9% -8.2 13.2%
720 -7.4 15.3% -7.7 14.7% -7.9 13.9%
749 -7.1 16.3% -7.3 15.6% -7.6 14.7%
778 -6.9 17.1% -7.1 16.2% -7.4 15.3%
806 -6.7 17.6% -7.0 16.7% -7.3 15.8%
835 -6.6 17.9% -6.9 17.0% -7.2 16.0%
864 -6.4 18.8% -6.6 17.8% -7.0 16.7%
893 -6.0 20.0% -6.3 18.9% -6.7 17.7%
922 -5.8 20.7% -6.2 19.4% -6.5 18.2%
950 -5.6 21.5% -6.0 20.2% -6.4 18.8%
979 -5.4 22.3% -5.8 20.9% -6.2 19.5%
1008 -5.1 23.5% -5.5 21.9% -5.9 20.3%
1037 -4.8 25.1% -5.2 23.3% -5.6 21.5%
1066 -4.4 26.4% -4.9 24.5% -5.4 22.5%
1094 -4.3 27.0% -4.8 25.0% -5.3 23.0%
1123 -3.9 28.9% -4.4 26.5% -4.9 24.2%
1152 -3.8 29.3% -4.3 27.0% -4.9 24.6%
1181 -3.5 31.1% -4.0 28.4% -4.6 25.8%
1210 -3.1 32.9% -3.7 29.9% -4.3 27.0%
1238 -2.9 33.8% -3.5 30.7% -4.2 27.6%

Table 8. Load table for UE category 6, 2 ms TTI, RA-3 and RA-50 channels
2 ms TTI, UE Category 6
RA-3 channel RA-50 channel
User RAKE GRAKE RAKE GRAKE
throughput
(kbps) C/I (dB) Load, % C/I (dB) Load, % C/I (dB) Load, % C/I (dB) Load, %
144 -12.5 5.3% na na -9.9 9.2% na na
288 -10.7 7.8% na na -8.1 13.3% na na
432 -8.9 11.5% na na -6.3 19.0% na na
576 -7.5 15.0% na na -5.0 24.2% na na
720 -6.7 17.6% na na -4.1 27.8% na na
864 -5.6 21.7% na na -3.0 33.3% na na
1008 -4.1 27.9% na na -1.6 40.9% na na
1296 -3.2 32.3% -3.2 32.4% -0.7 45.9% -0.7 45.8%
1440 -2.5 35.8% -2.5 35.8% 0.0 49.7% -0.1 49.5%
1584 -1.7 40.4% -1.7 40.3% 0.8 54.5% 0.7 54.2%
1728 -1.2 42.9% -1.3 42.8% 1.2 57.0% 1.2 56.7%
1872 -0.7 45.9% -0.8 45.4% 1.8 60.1% 1.7 59.4%
2016 -0.5 47.1% -0.6 46.5% 2.0 61.4% 1.9 60.5%
2160 0.1 50.7% -0.1 49.6% 2.7 65.0% 2.4 63.6%
2448 0.9 55.0% 0.5 53.1% 3.5 69.1% 3.1 67.1%
2592 1.3 57.5% 0.9 55.2% 4.0 71.5% 3.5 69.1%
2736 2.1 61.7% 1.5 58.7% 4.8 75.3% 4.2 72.3%
2880 2.9 66.0% 2.1 62.1% 5.8 79.1% 4.9 75.5%
3024 3.5 68.9% 2.6 64.4% 6.4 81.5% 5.4 77.4%
3168 4.7 74.6% 3.3 68.0% 8.1 86.7% 6.3 80.9%
3312 5.7 78.9% 3.9 71.1% 9.6 90.1% 7.0 83.5%
3456 7.0 83.3% 4.6 74.2% 7.9 86.1%
3600 8.5 87.6% 5.3 77.3% 8.9 88.5%
3744 10.8 92.3% 6.1 80.5% 10.0 91.0%
3888 7.0 83.5%
4032 8.0 86.4%
4176 9.6 90.1%
4320
4464
4608
4752
4896

Table 9. Load table for UE category 6, 2 ms TTI, TU-3 and VehA-3 channels
TU-3 channel VehA-3 channel
RLC RAKE GRAKE RAKE GRAKE
throughput
144 -11.7 6.3% na na -13.8 4.0% na na
288 -9.9 9.2% na na -12.0 5.9% na na
432 -8.1 13.5% na na -10.1 9.0% na na
576 -6.7 17.6% na na -8.6 12.0% na na
720 -5.9 20.5% na na -7.8 14.3% na na
864 -4.7 25.2% na na -6.5 18.3% na na
1008 -3.3 32.1% na na -4.8 24.7% na na
1296 -2.3 36.9% -2.8 34.5% -3.8 29.6% -3.8 29.6%
1440 -1.6 40.7% -2.1 38.0% -2.9 33.8% -2.9 33.8%
1584 -0.7 45.8% -1.3 42.5% -1.8 39.9% -1.9 39.4%
1728 0.1 50.4% -0.7 45.9% -1.2 43.2% -1.4 42.3%
1872 1.1 56.5% 0.1 50.4% -0.4 47.7% -0.7 46.0%
2016 1.6 59.3% 0.4 52.3% -0.1 49.6% -0.4 47.6%
2160 2.2 62.6% 0.9 55.0% 0.5 53.0% 0.1 50.5%
2448 2.9 66.2% 1.4 58.0% 1.2 56.9% 0.7 53.9%
2592 3.7 69.9% 1.8 60.3% 1.7 59.5% 1.0 56.0%
2736 5.1 76.2% 2.5 63.9% 2.5 63.7% 1.6 59.3%
2880 6.9 83.0% 3.2 67.6% 3.3 68.1% 2.2 62.6%
3024 8.5 87.5% 3.7 70.2% 4.1 72.1% 2.7 64.9%
3168 11.0 92.6% 4.3 73.1% 5.1 76.5% 3.1 67.3%
3312 5.2 76.8% 6.7 82.4% 3.7 70.3%
3456 6.1 80.5% 8.9 88.7% 4.4 73.3%
3600 7.2 84.1% 13.1 95.4% 5.1 76.3%
3744 8.6 87.9% 5.8 79.4%
3888 10.4 91.6% 6.7 82.3%
4032 7.6 85.1%
4176 8.9 88.6%
4320 13.0 95.2%
4464
4608
4752
4896

Table 10. Load table for UE category 6, 2 ms TTI, PedA-3 and AWGN channels
PedA-3 channel AWGN channel
RAKE GRAKE RAKE GRAKE
RLC throughput
144 -12.9 4.9% na na -12.9 4.9% na na
288 -11.1 7.1% na na -11.1 7.1% na na
432 -9.3 10.5% na na -9.3 10.5% na na
576 -8.0 13.6% na na -8.0 13.6% na na
720 -7.2 15.9% na na -7.2 15.9% na na
864 -6.1 19.5% na na -6.2 19.4% na na
1008 -4.8 24.9% na na -4.9 24.2% na na
1296 -3.9 28.7% -3.9 28.7% -4.2 27.5% -4.2 27.5%
1440 -3.3 31.7% -3.3 31.7% -3.7 30.1% -3.7 30.1%
1584 -2.6 35.7% -2.6 35.7% -3.0 33.4% -3.0 33.4%
1728 -2.1 38.2% -2.1 38.2% -2.7 35.1% -2.7 35.1%
1872 -1.5 41.4% -1.5 41.4% -2.3 37.1% -2.3 37.1%
2016 -1.3 42.7% -1.3 42.7% -2.1 38.0% -2.1 38.0%
2160 -0.8 45.3% -0.8 45.3% -1.7 40.4% -1.7 40.4%
2448 -0.3 48.2% -0.3 48.2% -1.2 43.1% -1.2 43.1%
2592 0.0 50.2% 0.0 50.2% -0.9 44.8% -0.9 44.8%
2736 0.6 53.4% 0.6 53.4% -0.5 47.4% -0.5 47.4%
2880 1.1 56.6% 1.1 56.5% 0.0 50.0% 0.0 50.0%
3024 1.5 58.7% 1.5 58.5% 0.3 51.7% 0.3 51.7%
3168 2.0 61.1% 1.9 60.7% 0.6 53.5% 0.6 53.5%
3312 2.5 64.0% 2.4 63.5% 1.0 55.7% 1.0 55.7%
3456 3.7 69.9% 3.2 67.8% 1.4 58.0% 1.4 58.0%
3600 5.1 76.4% 4.1 72.2% 1.8 60.2% 1.8 60.2%
3744 7.1 83.6% 4.7 74.7% 2.20 62.4% 2.20 62.4%
3888 10.2 91.3% 5.2 77.0% 2.60 64.5% 2.60 64.5%
4032 5.8 79.1% 2.99 66.6% 2.99 66.6%
4176 6.6 81.9% 3.50 69.1% 3.50 69.1%
4320 8.2 86.9% 4.50 73.8% 4.50 73.8%
4464 10.2 91.3% 5.50 78.0% 5.50 78.0%
4608 6.30 81.0% 6.30 81.0%
4752 7.32 84.4% 7.32 84.4%
4896 8.30 87.1% 8.30 87.1%

Table 11. Load table for UE category 4, 2 ms TTI, RA-3 and RA-50 channels
2 ms TTI, UE Category 2 and 4
RA-3 channel RA-50 channel
User RAKE GRAKE RAKE GRAKE

throughput
144 -12.5 5.3% na na -9.9 9.2% na na
288 -10.7 7.8% na na -8.1 13.3% na na
432 -8.9 11.5% na na -6.3 19.0% na na
576 -7.5 15.0% na na -5.0 24.2% na na
720 -6.7 17.6% na na -4.1 27.8% na na
864 -5.6 21.7% na na -3.0 33.3% na na
1008 -4.1 27.9% na na -1.6 40.9% na na
1296 -3.2 32.3% -3.2 32.3% -0.7 45.9% -0.7 45.8%
1440 -2.5 35.8% -2.5 35.8% 0.0 49.7% -0.1 49.5%
1584 -1.7 40.4% -1.7 40.3% 0.8 54.5% 0.7 54.2%
1728 -1.2 42.9% -1.3 42.8% 1.2 57.0% 1.2 56.7%
1872 -0.7 45.9% -0.8 45.4% 1.8 60.1% 1.7 59.4%
2016 -0.5 47.1% -0.6 46.5% 2.0 61.4% 1.9 60.5%
2160 0.1 50.7% -0.1 49.6% 2.7 65.0% 2.4 63.6%
2448 1.7 59.4% 1.2 56.8% 4.4 73.2% 3.8 70.6%
2592 2.7 65.2% 2.0 61.5% 5.6 78.3% 4.7 74.9%
Table 12. Load table for UE category 4, 2 ms TTI, TU-3 and VehA-3 channels
TU-3 channel VehA-3 channel

User throughput
144 -11.7 6.3% na na -13.8 4.0% na na
288 -9.9 9.2% na na -12.0 5.9% na na
432 -8.1 13.5% na na -10.1 9.0% na na
576 -6.7 17.6% na na -8.6 12.0% na na
720 -5.9 20.5% na na -7.8 14.3% na na
864 -4.7 25.2% na na -6.5 18.3% na na
1008 -3.3 32.1% na na -4.8 24.7% na na
1296 -2.3 36.9% -2.8 34.5% -3.8 29.6% -3.8 29.6%
1440 -1.6 40.7% -2.1 38.0% -2.9 33.8% -2.9 33.8%
1584 -0.7 45.8% -1.3 42.5% -1.8 39.9% -1.9 39.4%
1728 0.1 50.4% -0.7 45.9% -1.2 43.2% -1.4 42.3%
1872 1.1 56.5% 0.1 50.4% -0.4 47.7% -0.7 46.0%
2016 1.6 59.3% 0.4 52.3% -0.1 49.6% -0.4 47.6%
2160 2.2 62.6% 0.9 55.0% 0.5 53.0% 0.1 50.5%
2448 3.7 69.9% 1.9 61.0% 1.9 60.9% 1.3 57.4%
2592 4.6 74.4% 2.6 64.6% 2.9 66.1% 2.1 61.8%

Table 13. Load table for UE category 4, 2 ms TTI, PedA-3 and AWGN channels
PedA-3 channel AWGN channel
User throughput
144 -12.9 4.9% na na -12.9 4.9% na na
288 -11.1 7.1% na na -11.1 7.1% na na
432 -9.3 10.5% na na -9.3 10.5% na na
576 -8.0 13.6% na na -8.0 13.6% na na
720 -7.2 15.9% na na -7.2 15.9% na na
864 -6.1 19.5% na na -6.2 19.4% na na
1008 -4.8 24.9% na na -4.9 24.2% na na
1296 -3.9 28.7% -3.9 28.7% -4.2 27.5% -4.2 27.5%
1440 -3.3 31.7% -3.3 31.7% -3.7 30.1% -3.7 30.1%
1584 -2.6 35.7% -2.6 35.7% -3.0 33.4% -3.0 33.4%
1728 -2.1 38.2% -2.1 38.2% -2.7 35.1% -2.7 35.1%
1872 -1.5 41.4% -1.5 41.4% -2.3 37.1% -2.3 37.1%
2016 -1.3 42.7% -1.3 42.7% -2.1 38.0% -2.1 38.0%
2160 -0.8 45.3% -0.8 45.3% -1.7 40.4% -1.7 40.4%
2448 0.2 51.2% 0.2 51.2% -0.7 45.9% -0.7 45.9%
2592 0.8 54.9% 0.8 54.9% -0.1 49.5% -0.1 49.5%

EUL Dimensioning

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EUL Dimensioning

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ERICSSON WCDMA RADIO ACCESS NETWORK

18/100 56-HSD 101 02/7 Rev B 2009-02-06 ERICSSON INTERNAL 1(32)

2(32) ERICSSON INTERNAL 18/100 56-HSD 101 02/7 Rev B 2009-02-06

18/100 56-HSD 101 02/7 Rev B 2009-02-06 ERICSSON INTERNAL 3(32)

4(32) ERICSSON INTERNAL 18/100 56-HSD 101 02/7 Rev B 2009-02-06

Iub and HW capacity

Cell border throughput

18/100 56-HSD 101 02/7 Rev B 2009-02-06 ERICSSON INTERNAL 5(32)

System throughput & system capacity

Cell throughput & cell capacity

QTOT = QEUL + QDCH , average ≤ 100% (1)

6(32) ERICSSON INTERNAL 18/100 56-HSD 101 02/7 Rev B 2009-02-06

Load Rise over Thermal

2 Enhanced uplink overview

2.1 Basic principles

2.1.2 Multi code transmission

18/100 56-HSD 101 02/7 Rev B 2009-02-06 ERICSSON INTERNAL 7(32)

2.1.3 Short TTI

2.1.4 Scheduling of user data

Coverage estimate Stability estimate

Rise over Thermal limit

Thermal noise level Own cell Uu load limit

2.1.5 HARQ re-transmission

8(32) ERICSSON INTERNAL 18/100 56-HSD 101 02/7 Rev B 2009-02-06

Table 1. Properties defined for EUL capable terminals.

18/100 56-HSD 101 02/7 Rev B 2009-02-06 ERICSSON INTERNAL 9(32)

2.1.8 G-RAKE reception at high data rates

2.1.9 Channel switching for coverage maintenance

3 EUL load calculation

3.1 Pole capacity for EUL

10(32) ERICSSON INTERNAL 18/100 56-HSD 101 02/7 Rev B 2009-02-06

isolated or its neighbors have no traffic, thus there is no other-cell interference,

3.2 Calculation of EUL load

3.3 Load versus Throughput curves

18/100 56-HSD 101 02/7 Rev B 2009-02-06 ERICSSON INTERNAL 11(32)

Throughput vs. Load for 2 ms TTI at 10% HARQ re-transmission with

User throughput (kbps)

Throughput vs. Load for 2 ms TTI at 10% HARQ re-transmission with

12(32) ERICSSON INTERNAL 18/100 56-HSD 101 02/7 Rev B 2009-02-06

Throughput vs. Load for 10 ms TTI at 10% HARQ re-transmission with

User throughput (kbps)

Figure 7 Throughput vs. loading for 10 ms TTI. The curves apply to UE

4 General dimensioning workflow

4.1 Workflow overview

18/100 56-HSD 101 02/7 Rev B 2009-02-06 ERICSSON INTERNAL 13(32)

CCH dimensioning Coverage & Capacity EUL dimensioning

PCCH PDCH, Lsa

Determine EUL loading

Calculate UL noise rise Use tables or calculate

Uplink link budget Determine capacity as

Figure 9. EUL dimensioning workflow.

14(32) ERICSSON INTERNAL 18/100 56-HSD 101 02/7 Rev B 2009-02-06

4.2 Dimensioning objectives

a trade-off between coverage and capacity. For EUL, the trade-off is

Thus, by manipulating the RoT target parameter, the system can be

Figure 10. Coverage–capacity

5.1 Method to calculate capacity

5.1.1 Calculating system and cell throughput

QEUL = QTOT − Q DCH (7)

18/100 56-HSD 101 02/7 Rev B 2009-02-06 ERICSSON INTERNAL 15(32)

3. The EUL load generated by each user is

5.1.2 Calculating the system and cell capacity

QEUL,user = (1 + Fψ UL ) ⋅ QEUL ,user , single − cell (11)

If the objective is to calculate cell capacity, then the value of ψUL is