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University of Northeastern Philippines

San Roque, Iriga City


College of Criminal Justice Education

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM

Fire has many properties which make it beneficial to life. The ability to

manage fire has been credited as one of the key points in the success of

humans as a species. When we think of uses for fire, our first thoughts are for

cooking and heating, but it has also played an important role in managing the

natural landscape, propulsion and signaling.

The issue is that when fire isn’t carefully managed it is extremely

hazardous. In the right conditions, flames and smoke can spread rapidly and

cause considerable damage to people, property and the environment. Fires

can be accidentally or intentionally started, but once alight the heat and poor

visibility can make it difficult for people to escape or fight the flames.

That is why we are making this research to help us know how the Bureau of

Fire Station in Iriga City helped the community of Iriga in bridging the gap of

those who doesn’t have the idea of what to do in case fire isn’t managed.

Fires destroy property, cause injuries, and take lives. A fire in the workplace can

also mean the termination of jobs, as many of the offices and factories

destroyed by fire in Canada are never rebuilt. One of the key strategies to

maintaining a safe workplace and preventing fires is fire safety training.

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With proper training workers can eliminate fire hazards and respond quickly

and efficiently if a fire breaks out. Without proper training a small occurrence

can quickly grow to become a major incident with devastating outcomes.

Everyone is at risk if there is a fire. However, there are some workers who

may be at greater risk because of when or where they work, or because they’re

not familiar with the premises or the equipment at the work site.

Fire safety training can teach workers how to recognize fire hazards,

conduct a fire safety risk assessment, prevent a workplace fire, and respond if a

fire occurs.

Effective fire prevention programs can prevent fires and save lives. What is

fire prevention? Very simply put, fire prevention is stopping the fire before it

starts. Traditionally, there were the three Es of fire prevention, which are

Education, Enforcement and Engineering (IAFC & NFPA, 2012). Education

refers to the education of the public relating to fire safety, in order to change

behavior in hopes that people will eliminate or minimize their own risk

associated with fire in their own homes and in the workplace. Enforcement

refers to the development, adoption and enforcement of national standards and

model codes relating to building construction, electrical installations and fire

codes. These codes and standards were developed, in whole or in part, to

prevent fires in private homes, commercial occupancies and places of

assembly (IAFC & NFPA, 2012).

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The third E is Engineering, which is the eliminating, mitigating or minimizing

hazards through design (IAFC & NFPA, 2012). This engineering phase of fire

prevention can be passive, like compartmentalization of possible fire areas, or

active, such as automatic fire suppression systems. These are things that are

built into the system that allow the people the ability to escape and the building

the potential to survive as well. There are an additional 2 Es, which are

Economic incentive and Emergency response. We can try to appeal to their

pocketbook, and when all else fails, we can attempt to minimize the damage

with an emergency response. At that point the damage is done, and lives may

have already been lost. A fire prevented can and should be a non-event, which

means that there is nothing or very little to report. So how do we determine the

effectiveness of Fire prevention?

We must look at risk assessments, public fire education programs, fire

inspection programs, fire investigations, code development and plans review

and measure the correlations of conducting these programs with the positive

and or negative effects as a result. This article will examine the evaluation of

fire prevention effectiveness.

The National Fire Protection Association’s NFPA 1730 Standard on

Organization and Development of Fire Prevention Inspection and Code

Enforcement, Plan Review, Investigations and Public Education

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Operations outlines how fire prevention programs are to be operated, but also

outlines means of evaluation for fire prevention programs (NFPA, 2016).

NFPA 1730 recommends beginning any fire prevention program with a

community risk assessment, which identifies those in need and helps to focus

resources and establish target groups for fire prevention program delivery

(NFPA, 2016). The community risk assessment includes; geography,

demographics, socioeconomics, building stock, fire experience and known

hazards, which should be reevaluated every 5 years. Reports and records must

be maintained in accordance with national standards and best practices,

including statistical data. This data is analyzed periodically to ensure that the

target is reached and that a desired effect is measured.

In 2008, the Shelbyville Fire Department, in Shelbyville TN, began a

comprehensive fire prevention program, which included public fire and life

safety education, commercial building inspections, fire safety plans review and

cause and origin investigations, Statistical data collected from incident

reporting shows a 26% reduction in structure fires over a ten year period, from

2008 – 2013 (Shelbyville Fire Department, 2016). This data suggests a positive

measurable effect over a period of time, which indicates a negative correlation

between fire prevention efforts and the number of structure fires. As fire

prevention efforts increased, structure fires decreased. In addition, there was a

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40% reduction in the number of injuries associated with fires in Shelbyville TN

over the same ten year period (Shelbyville Fire Department, 2016).

In 2009, the State of Tennessee conducted a fire mortality study, which serves

as a risk assessment relating to fire deaths for the entire state (Folz, Myers, &

West, 2010). This study cross-referenced data from tax records, census

records and fire incident records, which not only identified high risk groups, but

also identified the general areas (census tracts) where fatal fires were the most

likely to occur. Recommendations from the Tennessee Fire Service leadership

suggested a fire prevention campaign that focused on those high risk areas.

There have been some surprising and very successful results. The “Get

Alarmed” program began in 2011, which trained firefighters and community

volunteers to install smoke alarms.

To date, Tennessee has installed over 100,000 duel sensor smoke alarms

with a 10 year lithium battery (Tennessee Department of Commerce and

Insurence, 2016). As a result of focused fire prevention in the State of

Tennessee, between 2011 and 2014, there has been a 20.6% reduction in

reported structure fires and a 25.7% reduction in fire deaths (Tennessee

Department of Commerce and Insurance, 2016).

A study conducted by the Fire Protection Research foundation determined

that 25.2% of fire departments within the United States do not conduct fire

inspections (Fire Protection Research Foundation, 2008). The research group

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developed a fire risk calculation to analyze NFIRS data, which is R=F*C where

R is the risk of fire, F is the frequency or number of fires and C is the

Consequence or the casualties + the dollar loss (Fire Protection Research

Foundation, 2008). To measure inspection effectiveness they developed the

calculation R=F(C) + F(D)/P, which is Risk= the Frequency of fires x the

number of Casualties + Frequency of fires x Dollar loss / the Population in

thousands (Fire Protection Research Foundation, 2008). This calculation

should show the reduction of risk or the increase of risk over time, taking into

account population increases, and give a measurable number to fire code

related inspections (Fire Protection Research Foundation, 2008).

There have been several engineering studies that show the specific

effectiveness of different engineering methods designed to measure the

effectiveness of fire protection. In the MGM Grand fire, smoke filled the

stairway, which contributed to the death of dozens of people above the fire

floor. The Performance Assessment of Pressurized Stairs in High Rise

Buildings gives very specific calculations in the smoke proofing of stairs

(Bellido, Quiroz, & Panizo, 2009).

Other simulations learn the specifics of and can determine the effects of

smoke spread (Capote, Alvear, & Abreu, 2009). There are fire models that use

complex calculations to determine how many people can be safely and

effectively evacuated from occupied spaces, even underground spaces

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(Fridolf, Nilsson, & Frantzich, 2013). The combustibility, flame spread and

smoke generation can be accurately predicted for different construction

methods and materials used (Hjohlman, Andersson, & Hees, 2011).

These engineering factors combined can be used to form a fire scenario

based fire modeling system, which will show how individual occupancies and

buildings will be able to compartmentalize and mitigate hostile fires while

facilitating occupant evacuation (Overholt & Ezekoye, 2015). This

demonstrates the benefit and effectiveness of engineering based, or the third E

of fire prevention.

Republic Act No. 9514, entitled “AN ACT ESTABLISHING A

COMPREHENSIVE FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES,REPEALING

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1185, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES” is the

policy of the State to ensure public safety, promote economic development

through the prevention and suppression of all kinds, of destructive fires, and

promote the professionalization of the fire service as a profession. Towards this

end, the State shall enforce all laws, rules and regulations to ensure adherence

to standard fire prevention and safety measures, and promote accountability in

the fire protection and prevention service.

The enactment of RA 9514 or the Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 is a

milestone in the history of the Bureau of Fire Protection. It has been a long

dream of the BFP and it finally came into being. It serves as an effective tool of

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San Roque, Iriga City
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the BFP in achieving its mission and the realizing its vision. The enforcement of

the new Fire Code requires a comprehensive and thorough knowledge on the

code in order to effectively and efficiently execute it. With the various

memoranda, and guidelines crafted, our fire safety enforcers and other BFP

personnel who are in the frontline services will be properly guided so as to

observe the standard procedures in the implementation and enforcement of RA

9514.

In the same manner, with the reports and data submitted by the field

offices, it would be easy to monitor the implementation of the new Fire Code.

This new fire safety enforcement manual is anchored on the Fire Code of the

Philippines of 2008 and its Implementing Rules and Regulations. It basically

composes of the various issuances and circulars issued by the Chief, BFP and

the SILG as far as the implementation and enforcement of the new Fire Code

are concern. This manual will serve as the basic tool for our fire safety enforcers

in the performance of their duties and responsibilities. The compilations

attached are the significant documents that would address certain issues and

concerns regarding the implementation of the code.

RA 9514 ushers more of stringent provisions in pursuance of the State

policy and this Department’s mandate to further strengthen public safety and

ensure the effective implementation of different measures on fire protection and

prevention, detection and suppression. As a consequence, those existing

private and public establishments, buildings, structures and facilities,

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occupancies and their premises or portion thereof (“occupancies” for brevity)

deemed compliant under the old fire code are now non-compliant since the

enactment of RA 9514 in 2008.

To address this peculiar situation and to allow reasonable period for these

existing establishments to fully comply with the fire safety requirements and

measures under RA 9514 and Its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR),

Section 14.0.0.7 of IRR is hereby amended to read as follows:

SUPPLEMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR THE EFFECTIVE TRANSITORY

COMPLIANCE FROM THE OLD FIRE CODE (PD1185) TO THE NEW FIRE

CODE OF 2008 (RA9514) AMENDING SEC. 14.0.0.7 OF THE

IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS OF RA 9514. 14 “ Section

14.0.0.7 These implementing rules and regulations shall take effect 30 days

after publication of the last installment in a newspaper of general circulation.

Transitory Clause.

The owner, administrator or occupant of buildings or structures existing at

the time of the effectivity of the RA 9514 and its IRR is given two (2) years to

comply with the provisions of the requirements for Installation of Automatic Fire

Suppression System (sprinkler system), provided, however, that the building or

structures, must be compliant to the provisions on fire safety system and

requirements of PD 1185 during the period of compliance”

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College of Criminal Justice Education

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine fire prevention program by the Bureau of Fire

Protection of Iriga City and how they impart their knowledge to the residents of

Iriga City. Specifically, this study wish to answer the following questions:

1.What is the profile of the residents under the Fire Prevention Program?

a) Age - above12 years old

b) Sex - both male and female

c) Civil Status - single and married

d) Highest Educational Attainment

2.What are the challenges experienced by the respondents of the Bureau of

Fire Protection of Iriga City in learning programs of the Bureau of Fire

Protection?

a) Personal

b) Professional

3.Is there an advantages of the residents who knows about the program?

4.What are the techniques, ways or method of the BFP to encourage the

residents of Iriga City to participate in this program?

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5.What is the expected length of time for the program?

a) Long-term Program

b) Short-term Program

ASSUMPTIONS

This study was guided by the following assumptions;

1. That the profile of the residents under the Fire prevention Program

plays a big role in their interest to the said program.

2. That the challenges experienced by the Bureau of Fire Protection of

Iriga City in imparting their knowledge to the residents are more on the

professional aspect.

3. That the residence who knows about the program are more confident

that they can handle if such incident happens.

4. That both long-term and short-term program of the BFP has an effect to

the residents.

HYPOTHESES

The impact of Fire Prevention Program of the BFP among the residents

of Iriga City can help us avoid and respond to fires that are unmanageable.

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San Roque, Iriga City
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The result of this study will be beneficial to the following:

Bureau of Fire Protection. This study may provide the BFP with the

evaluation of their program and how it affect the residents of Iriga City.

Government or Administrator of this City. The government would

benefit from this due to the constituents who would respond very well to

calamities and disaster.

Parents. The finding of this study will enable them to realize that they need

to involve not just themselves, but also their children for them to know the

correct actions that should be done in case of fire.

Students. Since the respondents of this research are 12 years old and

above they are more likely to be students and that there mind are open for new

ideas now they can be aware and cannot just only apply it to their homes, but

also at their schools and wherever an incident of fire happens.

Community. The findings of this study will enable them to realize that they

have a great role in molding the students on how to become a responsible

resident that involves themselves with the different areas of safety and

prevention services. They can know apply it to their own homes or help educate

others who are not having this kind of program.

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San Roque, Iriga City
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Researcher themselves. The result of this study will also help us to

participate in such activities of the BFP and to inform our relatives about this

program to also help save lives and our home.

Future Researchers. This study will provide them a clear perspective in

designing their own research and to fill whatever gap in knowledge that may be

seen in this work in relation to the future research prospects.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The researcher focused their study on the Fire Prevention Program of the

Bureau of Fire Protection, Iriga City this year 2018. The subject were delimited

to the following:

The activities they are giving to the different residents of Iriga, how they

categorize this program according to the respondents, and how do they

evaluate the activity according to response of the residents. We took the

opportunity of the activities this Fire Prevention Month and held the study

during Rescue Olympics of Iriga City last March 18,2019.

The three barangays that we conducted were San Miguel, San

Francisco and San Juan.

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San Roque, Iriga City
College of Criminal Justice Education

Locale of the Study

The Bureau of Fire Protection Iriga City was chosen as the locale of this

research work. BFP Iriga is one of the newest and biggest government

establishment in Iriga City. It is located Southbound Rd, City of Iriga,

Camarines Sur near Iriga City Police Station. The Bureau of Fire Protection is

an agency of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)

responsible for implementing national policies related to Firefighting and fire

prevention as well as implementation of the Philippine Fire Code (PD 1185),

which has been repealed and replaced by the New Fire Code of the

Philippines (RA 9514).

Formerly known as the Integrated National Police Fire Service, the BFP is

in charge of the administration and management of municipal and city fire and

emergency services all over the country.

The BFP traces its roots from the defunct Constabulary Fire Protection

Bureau, then later PC-INP Office of Fire Protection Service. The agency was

founded on January 29, 1991, pursuant to the provisions of Republic Act 6975,

which established the Department of Interior and Local Government.

The Bureau now is in charge of management, administration, and

implementation of fire and emergency services all over the country.

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Map 1

Iriga City Fire Station (San Francisco, Iriga City)

SAN MIGUEL

SAN JUAN

SAN FRANCISCO

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San Roque, Iriga City
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DEFINITION OF TERMS

In order to have a better understanding of this study, the following terms

have been defined either conceptually or operationally.

Program refers to a set of related measures or activities with a particular

long-term aim.

Fire Prevention Program relates to the goal of educating members of

workplaces and the public in taking proactive steps to prevent fires from starting

and to reduce the harmful impact of fires.

Constituents is someone who lives in a particular

constituency, especially someone who is able to vote in an election.

Impact the action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another.

Fire is combustion or burning, in which substances combine chemically

with oxygen from the air and typically give out bright light, heat, and smoke.

Fire Department the department of a local or municipal authority in charge

of preventing and fighting fires.

Fire refers to combustion or burning, in which substances combine

chemically with oxygen from the air and typically give out bright light, heat, and

smoke.

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Training the action of teaching a person or animal a particular skill or type

of behavior.

Strategies a plan of action or policy designed to achieve a major or overall

aim.

Safety Measures a measure taken to increase or ensure safety or

protection from danger. It is something that you do in order to prevent

something bad or dangerous from happening.

Injuries also known as physical trauma, is damage to the body caused by

external force. This may be caused by accidents, falls, hits, weapons, and

other causes. Major trauma is injury that has the potential to cause

prolonged disability or death.

Protection the action of protecting someone or something, or the state of

being protected.

Accidents also known as an unintentional injury, is an undesirable,

incidental, and unplanned event that could have been prevented

had circumstances leading up to the accident been recognized, and acted

upon, prior to its occurrence. Most scientists who study unintentional injury

avoid using the term "accident" and focus on factors that increase risk of

severe injury and that reduce injury incidence and severity..

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Fire Safety is the set of practices intended to reduce the destruction

caused by fire. Fire safety measures include those that are intended to

prevent ignition of an uncontrolled fire, and those that are used to limit the

development and effects of a fire after it starts.

Advantages something such as a good position or condition that helps

to make someone or something better or more likely to succeed than others a

good or desirable quality or feature, benefit or gain.

Personal of or concerning one's private life, relationships, and emotions

rather than matters connected with one's public or professional career.

Professional someone who does a job that requires special training,

education, or skill someone who is a member of a profession, also someone

who is paid to participate in a sport or activity, someone who has a lot of

experience or skill in a particular job or activity.

Impact the action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another

a powerful effect that something, especially something new, has on

a situation or person.

Unmanageable difficult or impossible to manage, manipulate, or control.

Community a group of people living in the same place or having a

particular characteristic in common.

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies. The

researchers considered the readings of some magazines, books, unpublished

thesis that is related to the present study.

An acceptable fire protection program includes those fire protection

policies, requirements, technical criteria, analyses, administrative procedures,

systems and hardware, apparatus and equipment, plans, and personnel that

comprehensively ensure that DOE objectives relating to fire safety are

achieved.

This means that fire safety should be an integral part of all activities and

that facilities should be designed with both active and passive fire protection

features such that reliance will not be placed on only one means to ensure an

acceptable level of fire safety.

This is also characterized by the demonstration of a continuing, sincere

interest on the part of management and employees in minimizing losses from

fire and related hazards and the implementation of preventive features

necessary to ensure the satisfaction of objectives related to fire safety.

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According to Geigle Safety Group1, 2000, to achieve this level of fire

protection, site operations and facilities should meet a minimum level of fire

protection as further defined below.An acceptable fire protection program

should meet the minimum requirements established by the National Fire

Protection Association and other referenced fire safety criteria or exceed them

when necessary to meet fire safety objectives, unless explicit relief has been

granted by DOE.

Barrows and Thurman2, 1988, tried to determine if student self-perception

of knowledge about fire and life safety had a relationship to their actual

knowledge. Their conclusions were that college students perceive higher

levels of fire safety knowledge than they actually have and that this may lead

to more risk taking, as they believe risk levels to be 6 lower than they are.

Barrows and Thurman also suggested a need for more education, in addition

to making facilities inherently safer for student occupants. Finally, Barrows and

Thurman suggested that more research is needed to determine what could

improve student fire safety knowledge, but little has been done since this 1988

effort.

Mowrer’s3, 1999, Fire Safe Student Housing: A Guide for Campus

Housing Administrators developed a four-element PODS program aimed at

creating fire safe university housing.

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Mowrer laid a foundation by developing a framework, but did not explore

each of the four topics in further detail. Email correspondence F. W. Mowrer,

personal communication, April 27, 2009 indicated that Mowrer has not pursued

further research involving fire safety at university campuses. This lack of

research, compared to other health and safety topics, may be related to the

fact that fire safety researchers seem to focus on modeling fire behavior,

modeling human behavior during fires, and developing effective suppression

systems.

Hall, et al.,4, 1979, the findings support the thought that cities should

consider using fire suppression personnel to assist in achieving the objective

of inspecting all identified properties annually. The research concluded that

cities using fire suppression personnel appeared to have substantially lower

fire rates than cities that exclusively used full-time inspectors. The assumption

of supplementing full-time inspectors with suppression personnel is based

upon the supposition that typically there are not enough prevention personnel

to perform the required number of annual inspections within a given jurisdiction.

The study conducted by the National Fire Protection Association and the

Urban Institute, selected eleven large U.S. cities representing a wide range

of inspection practices whereupon detailed information on inspection practices

was collected.

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Royse5,2007, research showed that the City of Wichita, Kansas

experienced an increase in the frequency and severity of commercial fires

when suppression personnel were no longer performing inspections.

The applied research project submitted to the National Fire Academy

Executive Fire Officer Program evaluated commercial occupancy fire

inspections in the City of Wichita, Kansas. Priorities within the Wichita Fire

Department ended the practice of suppression personnel performing fire

inspections within the commercial occupancy. Royse goes on to explain that,

"changes in the operations division priorities deemed commercial occupancy

fire inspections were a non-priority activity." Descriptive and historical research

methods were used to analyze the relationship between the increase in

commercial structure fires and the last inspection performed.

Werner6, 2003, found the need for fire suppression personnel to perform

fire inspections was established as a result of an inspection caseload that was

too great for the number of full time inspectors. Furthermore, when fire

suppression personnel performed fire inspections, an increased public image

was recognized as well as improved professionalism for fire suppression

personnel. The study, an applied research project for the National Fire

Academy (NFA) Executive Fire Officer (EFO) program, used action research

to answer the question concerning the need for fire suppression personnel to

conduct fire code inspections.

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Jee 7,1999, showed that fire departments that supplement fire prevention

bureau inspections with suppression personnel have fewer fires, lower fire

losses, and fewer civilian casualties within properties regulated by fire codes,

when compared to cities which do not utilize fire suppression personnel. The

research study 19 conducted for a NFA EFO research paper and utilized the

action research methodology to establish the most effective means of

performing inspections.

Schaenman and Swartz8, 1974, research found the measurement of

productivity focused on the two principal functions of the fire department, fire

prevention and fire suppression. In order to measure the efforts of fire

prevention within the business community, it was determined that the change

in incidence over time could be monitored as fire prevention resources are

applied. The report, published by the National Fire Protection Association

demonstrated that measuring the number of fires per 100 commercial

occupancy could be used as an effective means of measurement. By

analyzing the number of fires per 100 population, that the change in incidents

over time could be monitored as the prevention resources are applied. The

study also found that comparing a given city against other "like" city is

beneficial in order to identify trends while also establishing benchmarks.

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Cain9,2008, found that establishing direct causality between inspections

and a reduction in fire incidents is not necessary; one only needs to establish a

plausible connection for that outcome. In the research conducted for the NFA

EFO program, Cain utilized descriptive research in order to identify the

appropriate method for assessing the effectiveness of fire prevention

inspections whereby determining the viability of an inspection program's

viability. Cain utilized mailed surveys and interviews in order to establish the

necessary background and framework for the research. Inspection

effectiveness

Coulter10,1978, showed that disagreement among researchers

concerning how to conceptualize organizational effectiveness resulted in the

creation of three organizational effectiveness models: The

behavioral-attitude model The processor model The goal attainment

model Within the context of fire prevention, the goal-attainment model provides

the framework to measure inspection effectiveness. "The goal-attainment

model defines organizational effectiveness in terms of the extent to which the

organization achieves its goals or objectives" .Many factors can influence the

attainment of the organizations goals, including the behaviors and attitudes of

the employees as well as the internal workings of the organization. Coulter

goes on to explain that organizational effectiveness must be defined as

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achieving goals that have been defined externally, such as community

expectations. When effectiveness is defined as the level in which the fire

service avoids or reduces property loss, injury, or illness from the effects of fire,

then the 21 framework to evaluate the effectiveness of inspections is provided.

The study published in the Administrative Science Quarterly utilized surveys

mailed to fire departments, building inspections departments, and city

managers in fifty of the standard metropolitan statistical areas in the United

States that had less than 1.5 million residents and contained within a single

state.

Hall, Flynn, and Grant,11,2008, offer that for a program to be considered

effective when used, the singular element needed is for it to reach its intended

population. The report published by The Fire Protection Research Foundation,

found that program effectiveness might also be known or suspected to be

dependent on the quantity and/or quality of service delivered. Inspection

quantity, directly related to the frequency of inspection, in addition to the scope

of coverage. Inspection quality evaluated how well each inspection succeeds

in identifying hazards, initiating a process to have those hazards quickly

corrected, achieving timely hazard correction through effective follow-up, and

educating and motivating safety to the occupants and managers.

Ott 12,2001, inspection program efficiency and effectiveness findings

support the supposition that periodic evaluation of inspection programs should

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be conducted in order to determine program efficiency and effectiveness. The

applied research project submitted to the NFA EFO program, utilized

descriptive, historical, and action research methods during the research

process. Surveys used comparative analysis with 55 fire departments

responding to the survey from throughout Southern California. The research

demonstrates that program sustainability alone, does not necessarily result in

efficiency or effectiveness. The literature review also identified four

measurements of effectiveness and includes, quality, productivity, efficiency,

and satisfaction. Ott goes on to explain, "Departments often get caught up in

the number game. Importance is placed on whether the inspections were

completed instead of whether the inspections were effective in meeting their

intended goals" (Ott, 2001, p. 59). Finally, a fire inspection program should

contain a records management system that can provide baseline and

benchmarking data for fire safety within the jurisdiction. The program should

be dynamic and evaluated with quality assurance audits to ensure that the

program is meeting the goals and objectives.

Hall et al.,13, 1979, found that fire rates appeared to be substantially lower

in cities that performed annual fire inspections. The study conducted by the

NFPA and the UI, selected eleven (11) large U.S. cities representing a wide

range of inspection practices where detailed information on inspection

practices was collected. The study found that the frequency of fire prevention

inspections ranged from two (2) inspections per year to only one (1) inspection

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a year. A procedure developed and tested in the 1974-76 UI and NFPA project,

measured the time since last inspection. In the study, for occupancies that had

a fire, the time since last inspection was defined as the number of months

between the last inspection and the fire incident.

This procedure applies to bi-annual inspections as well as annual

inspections. The research concluded that, "cities that annually inspected all (or

nearly all) properties appeared to have lower fire rates than did cities that did

not annually 24 inspect all (or nearly all) inspectable properties" (Hall, Koss,

Schainblatt, Karter, & McNerney, 1979).

Boyd 14, 2003, found that the majority of structure fires occur in the

residential occupancy, while only a small percentage of fires occur in business

or mercantile occupancy. In addition, the sheer number of inspections required

in order to perform annual fire inspections for all occupancy classifications is

far beyond the available staffing of most fire departments.

The report submitted to the NFA EFO program utilized a questionnaire

sent to 25 suburban and urban fire agencies. The results showed that more

than half of the fire departments surveyed relied upon a state law or local

requirement as the impetus for performing annual inspections, while fewer

than half surveyed utilized a hazard or risk analysis. While staffing levels

identified the reason annual inspections were not completed, the inefficiency of

inspections was also a contributing factor.

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Ta, Frattaroli, Bergen, and Gielen 15, 2006,conducted a literature review

of all fire safety interventions published between 1998 and 2004 and of the 15,

did not find any related to campus or university fire safety. In their conclusions,

they note that fire department personnel were involved in successful programs,

but admit that this was not tested as part of any of the experimental designs. It

is also important that this review reiterates criticisms of much older reviews

that called for “evaluations that will inform fire injury prevention efforts, and

ideally such evaluations will utilize randomized, controlled studies”

Howe, Strauss and DeBard 16,2004, have described Millennial

generation students as having seven defining characteristics; special,

sheltered, confident, team-oriented, conventional, pressured, and achieving.

Each of these affects their learning experience in college and the way they

perceive change. The first characteristic described is that this generation of

students feels that they are special.

They have been 25 treated as special when they were younger and feel

that, as a group, they will be the builders of something better. Using

constructiveness methods that allow students to build part of the learning

experience themselves, might be important to helping students create new

meanings.

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DeBard 17, 2004, used to describe Millennial students, so cooperative

learning experiences should prove satisfying and have a positive impact on

learning. DeBard also used the terms achieving, conventional, and pressured

to describe Millennial students, characteristics that relate to this generation’s

desire to perform at a high level and willingness to follow rules to achieve this.

During a learning experience, each of these characteristics can be recognized

and reinforced by adding structure and strong conclusions in order for the

learners to feel that have succeeded and not feel pressured by the results.

Prensky 18, 2001, took the reported desire of Millennials, as digital natives,

to use technology beyond a preference and went so far as to suggest, “today’s

students think and process information fundamentally differently from their

predecessors”. The metaphor of immigrant versus native is used to describe

how totally and completely 26 today’s students are part of, speak with, and

make meaning through digital technology and its unique ways of presenting

information. For example, the random nature of the way one can click on a

hyperlink and head in a new direction at an instant is unique to the technology

and expected by Millennial students. The visual graphical nature of digital

media where words are only used as subtext for details is unique and different

from predigital ways of sharing information.

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Prensky argued that previous generations, who did not grow up with digital

technology as completely, must recognize that their meanings are

fundamentally different. He used the metaphor that these previous generations

are like digital immigrants and thus speak with an accent they can never lose.

As an example, digital natives instantly turn to digital technology first, while

immigrants might choose a paper source first.

Wilson 19, 2004, supported using a variety of styles to address the

diversity of the Millennial student population and to help “students develop a

variety of strategies for learning and assist them in determining which ones are

likely to be most effective in a particular situation”.

Wilson also noted that these same students will have an expectation that

technology will be part of the learning experience. This might include tutorials

on additional topics such as fire extinguisher use, digital alarm technology, and

information to share with parents who are a big part of this generation’s daily

lives.

SYNTHESIS OF THE STATE-OF-THE-ART

This section explains the relevance of the reviewed literature and studies to

the present study. Similarities and differences in their respective areas of

concern are herein expounded.

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Barrows and Thurman, 1988, was related to the present study since it

determined student self-perception of knowledge about fire and life safety that

had a relationship to their actual knowledge. Their conclusions were that

college students perceive higher levels of fire safety knowledge than they

actually have and that this may lead to more risk taking, as they believe risk

levels to be 6 lower than they are.

Barrows and Thurman also suggested a need for more education, in

addition to making facilities inherently safer for student occupants.

DeBard, 2004, and the present study focused on describing Millennials, so

cooperative learning experiences should prove satisfying and have a positive

impact on learning. DeBard also used the terms achieving, conventional, and

pressured to describe Millennial students, characteristics that relate to this

generation’s desire to perform at a high level and willingness to follow rules to

achieve this.

During a learning experience, each of these characteristics can be

recognized and reinforced by adding structure and strong conclusions in order

for the learners to feel that have succeeded and not feel pressured by the

results.

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Prensky,2001, also like the present study took the reported desire of

Millennials, as digital natives, to use technology beyond a preference and went

so far as to suggest, “today’s students think and process information

fundamentally differently from their predecessors”. The metaphor of immigrant

versus native is used to describe how totally and completely 26 today’s

students are part of, speak with, and make meaning through digital technology

and its unique ways of presenting information.

For example, the random nature of the way one can click on a hyperlink

and head in a new direction at an instant is unique to the technology and

expected by Millennial students. The visual graphical nature of digital media

where words are only used as subtext for details is unique and different from

predigital ways of sharing information. Prensky argued that previous

generations, who did not grow up with digital technology as completely, must

recognize that their meanings are fundamentally different.

He used the metaphor that these previous generations are like digital

immigrants and thus speak with an accent they can never lose. As an example,

digital natives instantly turn to digital technology first, while immigrants might

choose a paper source first.

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GAP BRIDGED BY THE STUDY

Upon the study by the researchers to the different libraries and journals, it

was found out that the age bracket and the the sheer number of inspections

required in order to perform annual fire inspections and training to different

places of Iriga for all occupancy classifications is far beyond the available

staffing of most fire departments and their activeness to render the said

program. It is seen that most millenials are the ones who are ready and

participate more due to their strength and mental capacity to remember things

which are taught to them.

THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This study is anchored on the Teaching and Learning Theories There are

many different theories regarding the way people learn.

Behaviorism assumes a learner is essentially passive, and will be

shaped through positive or negative reinforcement. Learning is therefore

defined as a change in behavior. Skinner believed that behavior is a

function of its consequences, i.e. learners will repeat the desired behavior if

positive reinforcement is given. The behavior should not be repeated if

negative feedback is given. Giving immediate feedback, whether positive or

negative, should enable your learners to behave in a certain way.

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Positive reinforcement or rewards can include verbal feedback such

as That’s great, you’ve produced that document without any errors or You’re

certainly getting on well with that task, through to more tangible rewards such

as a certificate at the end of the programme, or a promotion or pay rise at

work.

Cognitivism focuses on what happens in the mind such as thinking and

problem-solving. New knowledge is built upon prior knowledge and learners

need active participation in order to learn. Changes in behavior are observed,

but only as an indication of what is taking place in the learner’s mind.

Cognitivism uses the metaphor of the mind as a computer: information comes

in, is processed, and learning takes place.

Experiential learning is about the learner experiencing things for

themselves and learning from them. Kolb proposed a four stage model

known as the experiential learning cycle. It is a way by which people can

understand their experiences and, as a result, modify their behavior.

It is based on the idea that the more often a learner reflects on a task, the

more often they have the opportunity to modify and refine their efforts. The

process of learning can begin at any stage and is continuous, there is no limit

to the number of cycles which can be made in a learning situation.

This theory suggests that without reflection, people would continue to

repeat their mistakes.

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Concrete experience is about experiencing or immersing yourself in the

task and is the first stage in which a person simply carries out the task

assigned. This is the doing stage.Observation and reflection involve stepping

back from the task and reviewing what has been done and experienced. Your

values, attitudes and beliefs can influence your thinking at this stage. This is

the stage of thinking about what you have done.

Abstract conceptualization involves interpreting the events that have

been carried out and making sense of them. This is the stage of planning how

you will do it differently.Active experimentation enables you to take the new

learning and predict what is likely to happen next or what actions should be

taken to refine the way the task is done again. This is the redoing stage

based upon experience and reflection.

Sensory theory Laird suggests that learning occurs when the senses of

sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste are stimulated. This is easy if you are

teaching a practical session, but not so if you are teaching a theoretical

subject. However, if you are willing to try something different, you can make

your sessions really interesting and memorable. Whenever possible, link

theory to practice, and use practical activities based around the subject and

the areas of interest of your learners. If you can make your session fun and

interesting, relating to all the senses, it will help your learners remember the

topics better. Don’t forget two other senses you can use as a teacher: a

sense of humor and common sense.

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FIRE PREVENTION PROGRAM OF IRIGA CITY FIRE STATION,

AND ITS IMPACT TO IRIGUEÑO CONSTITUENTS

Behaviorism

Cognitivism

Experiential Sensory
Learning Theory
Concrete
Experience

Abstract
Coceptualization

FIGURE 2

THEORETICAL PARADIGM

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THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The conceptual paradigm stimulates a system model which comprises the

input, process and output on the “FIRE PREVENTION PROGRAM OF IRIGA CITY

FIRE STATION, AND ITS IMPACT TO IRIGUEÑO CONSTITUENTS”.

INPUT. The researchers considered the profile of the constituents of Iriga in terms

of socio-economic status; the impact to the Iriga Constituents in terms of the four

dimensions such as: physical elements, cognitive elements, affective elements, and

physiological elements; and the different techniques, strategies of the Bureau of Fire

Protection.

PROCESS. The study involves the preparation and distribution of

questionnaires,documentary analysis, unstructured interview, analysis, statistical

treatment of the finding, and interpreting the activities that have been carried.

OUTPUT. Ultimately, the researchers study will come up with

suggestions and recommendations to improve the compliance of the Iriga

constituents of the fire prevention program of the Iriga City Fire Station.

FEEDBACK LOOP. After the output of this study has been taken, there is

a need to look into the feedback from the output to the input wherein it is the

determining factor in the realization of the identified factors.

This is extent in which the study will be able to provide baseline data for

sound improvement to enhance the compliance to the fire prevention

program that was rendered.

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INPUT
 Legal Basis
FEEDBACK
 Related
Literature

 Questionnair
es
PROCESS
 Interview
 Data Gathering
Tools Through:

 Questionnaire

 Interview OUTPUT
 Documentary
Analysis ENHANCEMENT
OF THE FIRE
 Interpretation PREVENTION
of Data PROGRAM OF
IRIGA CITY
FIRE
STATION,
AND ITS
IMPACT TO
IRIGUEÑO
CONSTITUENTS

FIGURE 3

CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM

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CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

OVERVIEW

This chapter presents the research methodology that will be employed in

the study. This will discuss the research design, the respondents, the data

gathering tools and the statistical treatment that will be used in the study.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The researchers used the descriptive survey method to analyze and

interpret the result of the problem of the study.Descriptive research does not fit

neatly into the definition of either quantitative or qualitative research

methodologies, but instead it can utilize elements of both, often within the

same study. The term descriptive research refers to the type of research

question, design, and data analysis that will be applied to a given topic.

Descriptive statistics tell what is, while inferential statistics try to determine

cause and effect.

The type of question asked by the researcher will ultimately determine the type

of approach necessary to complete an accurate assessment of the topic at

hand. Descriptive studies, primarily concerned with finding out "what is," .

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Descriptive research can be either quantitative or qualitative. It can involve

collections of quantitative information that can be tabulated along a continuum

in numerical form, such as scores on a test or the number of times a person

chooses to use a-certain feature of a multimedia program, or it can describe

categories of information such as gender or patterns of interaction when using

technology in a group situation. Descriptive research involves gathering data

that describe events and then organizes, tabulates, depicts, and describes the

data collection (Glass & Hopkins, 1984).

It often uses visual aids such as graphs and charts to aid the reader in

understanding the data distribution. Because the human mind cannot extract

the full import of a large mass of raw data, descriptive statistics are very

important in reducing the data to manageable form. When in-depth, narrative

descriptions of small numbers of cases are involved, the research uses

description as a tool to organize data into patterns that emerge during analysis.

Those patterns aid the mind in comprehending a qualitative study and its

implications.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

It might be applied to investigate the following questions: Do teachers hold

favorable attitudes toward using computers in schools?

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What kinds of activities that involve technology occur in sixth-grade

classrooms and how frequently do they occur? What have been the reactions

of school administrators to technological innovations in teaching the social

sciences? How have high school computing courses changed over the last 10

years? How do the new multimediated textbooks compare to the print-based

textbooks?

How are decisions being made about using Channel One in schools, and

for those schools that choose to use it, how is Channel One being

implemented? What is the best way to provide access to computer equipment

in schools?

How should instructional designers improve software design to make the

software more appealing to students? To what degree are special-education

teachers well versed concerning assistive technology? Is there a relationship

between experience with multimedia computers and problem-solving skills?

How successful is a certain satellite-delivered Spanish course in terms of

motivational value and academic achievement? Do teachers actually

implement technology in the way they perceive? How many people use the

AECT gopher server, and what do they use if for?

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RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

The respondents of this study were the Iriga constituents and the Iriga City

Fire Station officers. There were a total of twenty respondents out of three

barangays during the conduct of the study and all of the officers involve in the

Fire Prevention Program of Iriga City.

INSTRUMENT USED

In order for the researcher to collect pertinent data for the study, the

researchers used a questionnaire and documentary analysis. Furthermore, a

follow up interview was also conducted for clarification of same data on the

questionnaire.

QUESTIONNAIRE

The questionnaire was the main instrument in gathering the data.

The questionnaire were be composed of three parts.

Part 1- pertains to the profile of the respondents

Part 2- activities presented to the respondents

PREPARATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE

The preparation of the questionnaire was based from studies

conducted that have objective based in formulating of the content and

structure of instrument. The researchers prepared the questionnaires

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San Roque, Iriga City
College of Criminal Justice Education

based from other resources to determine the effectiveness of the fire

prevention program of the Iriga City Fire Station.

ADMINISTRATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE

The researchers personally distribute the questionnaire to the respondents

after they ask permission from the Dean of the UNEP College of Criminology.

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS

To exactly gather the data the researchers asked the list of the activities

and the Fire Prevenetion Program of the Iriga City Fire Station Calendar Year

2015 - 2017.

INTERVIEW

Interview was used to further clarify the data stated by the respondents to

the questionnaire.

Statistic Treatment of the Data

The statistical tool was used in the study was based according to the

type and nature of the data. Frequency count was used to test the validity of

the research.

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STATISTICAL TREATMENT

The gathered data and the responses was organized systematically

with the use of statistical treatment. The data was tabulated and statistically

treated accordingly.

RANK ORDER - was used in determining the sequence standing which

activity is most useful and well participated by the respondents.If ties exist,

proper rank ordering prevails and not the most occurring placement with

the items so that subsequent rank should not be affected.

CHI SQUARE - was used to determine the significant activiities marked

by the respondents as the most useful and well participated.

PERCENTAGE TECHNIQUE

The FORMULA is as follows:

# of respondents we need
X Expected % of response rate
X 100

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San Roque, Iriga City
College of Criminal Justice Education

Weighted Mean Formula

The weighted mean is relatively easy to find. But in some cases the weights
might not add up to 1. In those cases, you’ll need to use the weighted mean
formula. The only difference between the formula and the steps above is that
you divide by the sum of all the weights.

The image above is the technical formula for the weighted mean. In simple
terms, the formula can be written as:

Weighted mean = Σwx/Σw

Σ = the sum of (in other words…add them up!).


w = the weights.
x = the value.

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University of Northeastern Philippines
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College of Criminal Justice Education

CHAPTER 4

FIRE PREVENTION PROGRAM OF IRIGA CITY FIRE STATION,

AND ITS IMPACT TO IRIGUEÑO CONSTITUENTS

Profile of the Respondents

This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of the data gathered. It

focuses on the factors that affect the compliance on attendance of student

nurses of the University of Northeastern Philippines.

The constituents of Iriga City are consists of 36 barangays. They

are those who are officially enrolled and attended the seminar at the time the

survey was conducted which totalled to thirty six respondents, The

respondents composed of the following; twelve (12) from San Francisco,

twelve (12) from San Miguel, and twelve (12) from San Juan.

The researcher in their attempts to come up with the profile considered

several variables such as personal and socio-economic status.

Plate 1

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San Juan, Iriga City

SAN JUAN, IRIGA CITY

BARANGAY HALL

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San Juan is a barangay in the city of Iriga, in the province

of Camarines Sur. Its population as determined by the 2015 Census was 4,584.

This represented 4.10% of the total population of Iriga.

Population by age group


According to the 2015 Census, the age group with the highest population in
San Juan is 10 to 14, with 458 individuals. Conversely, the age group with the
lowest population is 80 and over, with 55 individuals.
details

Historical population
The population of San Juan grew from 3,513 in 1990 to 4,584 in 2015, an
increase of 1,071 people. The latest census figures in 2015 denote a positive
growth rate of 0.93%, or an increase of 217 people, from the previous
population of 4,367 in 2010.

SUMMARY DATA

Type barangay
Island group Luzon
Region Bicol Region
(Region V)
Province Camarines Sur
City Iriga
Postal code 4431
Population (2015) 4,584
Philippine major Luzon
island(s)
Coordinates 13.4309, 123.4298

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San Roque, Iriga City
College of Criminal Justice Education

Plate 2

San Miguel, Iriga City

SAN MIGUEL,IRIGA CITY

BARANGAY HALL

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San Miguel is a barangay in the city of Iriga, in the province of Camarines Sur.

Its population as determined by the 2015 Census was 3,298.

This represented 2.95% of the total population of Iriga.

Population by age group


According to the 2015 Census, the age group with the highest population in
San Miguel is 15 to 19, with 354 individuals. Conversely, the age group with the
lowest population is 75 to 79, with 38 individuals.
details

Historical population
The population of San Miguel grew from 3,273 in 1990 to 3,298 in 2015, an
increase of 25 people. The latest census figures in 2015 denote a positive
growth rate of 1.09%, or an increase of 182 people, from the previous
population of 3,116 in 2010.

SUMMARY DATA

Type barangay
Island group Luzon
Region Bicol Region
(Region V)
Province Camarines Sur
City Iriga
Postal code 4431
Population (2015) 3,298
Philippine major Luzon
island(s)
Coordinates 13.4150, 123.4049

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Plate 3

San Francisco, Iriga City

SAN FRANCISCO,IRIGA CITY

BARANGAY HALL

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San Francisco, formerly Poblacion, is a barangay in the city of Iriga, in the

province of Camarines Sur. Its population as determined by the 2015 Census

was 6,479. This represented 5.80% of the total population of Iriga.

Population by age group

According to the 2015 Census, the age group with the highest population in

San Francisco is 10 to 14, with 724 individuals. Conversely, the age group with

the lowest population is 75 to 79, with 51 individuals.

Historical population

The population of San Francisco grew from 5,954 in 1990 to 6,479 in 2015,

an increase of 525 people. The latest census figures in 2015 denote a negative

growth rate of 1.49%, or a decrease of 531 people, from the previous

population of 7,010 in 2010.

SUMMARY DATA

Type barangay
Island group Luzon
Region Bicol Region
(Region V)
Province Camarines Sur
City Iriga
Postal code 4431
Population (2015) 6,479
Philippine major Luzon
island(s)
Coordinates 13.4155, 123.4178

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Personal Profile.

The Personal Profile of the respondents considered by the

researcher includes the age, sex, and civil status.

Table 1 presents the personal profile of the respondents which is

composed of the age, sex, and civil status.

Table 1

Personal Profile of the Respondents

Personal Profile Number Percentage

Sex
Male 4 11.11
Female 32 88.88
Total 36 100.00
Civil Status
Single 30 83.33
Married 6 16.67
Total 36 100.00
Age
15-25 23 63.89
26-35 11 30.56
36-45 2 5.56
46 and above 0 0.00
Total 36 100.00

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Plate 4

Respondent Group A

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Plate 5

Respondent Group B

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Plate 6

Respondent Group C

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Plate 7

Random Survey Picture

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College of Criminal Justice Education

Plate 8

Criminology Intern as Victims

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College of Criminal Justice Education

Sex. Of the thirty six respondents, four (4) or 11.11 percent are

female and thirty two (32) or 88.88 percent are male. Data revealed

that, responders are still dominated by male gender which are

preferably coped up that responders in their profession are anchored

with personalities which are strong and fast.

Gender
Female Male

11

89

Figure 3

Distribution of Sex of the Respondents

Civil Status. Of thirty six respondents, almost all were married which is

thirty (30) or 83.33 percent while only six (6) are single or 16.67 percent.

The data revealed that responders are mature enough and are ready to

be equipped with strategies for rescuing.

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College of Criminal Justice Education

Civil Status
Married Single

17

83

Figure 4
Distribution of Civil Status of the Respondents

Age. The ages of the respondents ranging from fifteen to twenty

fivecomprises twenty three (23) or 63.89 percent. Eleven (11) or 30.56

percent ranges from twenty six to thirty five years old , while only two (2)

with an age of thirty six to forty five years old.

Age Bracket
15-25 26-35 36-45

6
30

64

Figure 5

Age Bracket of the Respondents

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College of Criminal Justice Education

A substantial percentage are 31 – 35 years old. A great majority

are males, Majority are married. A great number have a monthly income

ranging from Php 10,000 – 15,000. Most of them attended national training.

Of the six BFP Stations BFP IRIGA has the greatest number of

supplies, equipment, and vehicle used during fire operation

procedures.Table 1 presents the extent of the capability of the BFP IRIGA in

responding to emergencies along Fire Safety Enforcement.

Table I.Mean Ratings Showing the Extent of the Capability of the

IRIGA in Responding to Emergencies Along Fire Safety Enforcement. Fire

Safety Enforcement Mean DR Fire Safety Inspection (Pre-construction

Phase) 1.

The plan evaluator (PE), upon receipt of plans and specifications,

determines whether an onsite inspection is required and if so, prepares the

inspection order (IO). 4.67 A 2. The PE then presents the prepared IO

together with the plans to the Chief, Fire Safety Enforcement Section (FSES)

for evaluation and signature of the IO 4.83 A 3.

The Chief, FSES forwards the IO, together with the plans to the

City/Municipal Fire Marshal (CMFM) for his/her approval. 4.93 A 4. The PE

proceeds to the site and requests acknowledgment of the IO from any

responsible person in the building, structure or facility. 4.87 A 6. The PE

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conducts an ocular inspection of the building/structure/facility. 4.99 A 7. The

PE prepares an After Inspection Report (AIR) within 24 hours after receipt of

the IO as the basis for his/her evaluation of the submitted plans and

specifications. 4.86 A Fire Safety Inspection (Construction Phase) 1. By the

issued Fire Safety Checklist (FSC) on the building plan, the PE prepares an

IO and forwards to the Chief, FSES for his signature. 4.71 A 2.

The Chief, FSES countersigns the IO and forwards the same to

the City/Municipal Fire Marshal for approval. 4.97 A 3. The City/Municipal

Fire Marshal signs the IO. 4.97 A 4. The PE proceeds to the site and

requests acknowledgment of the IO from any responsible person in the

building, structure or facility. 4.87 A 5. The PE inspects the construction,

renovation, modification or alteration and prepares the AIR in duplicate

copies immediately after the inspection leaving a copy for the owner/project

manager/contractor or any duly authorized representative. 4.86 A 6. Within

three years upon receipt of the IO, a copy of the AIR is given to the Chief,

FSES. 4.91 A 7.

The Chief, FSES evaluates the AIR and, in case of

violations/deficiencies, prepares the written notice addressed to the

owner/project manager/contractor or any duly authorized representative in

the construction. 4.91 A 8. The C/MFM signs the notice and forwards the

same to the PE or service of notice. 4.91 A 9. The PE serves the original

copy of the notice to owner/project manager/contractor or any duly

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authorized representative and another copy to the Office of the Building

Official. 4.54 A Posting of Warnings 1. The fire safety inspector or any BFP

personnel designated or assigned to serve the NTCV puts a corresponding

signage in front of the building. The notice bears the words “WARNING:

THIS BUILDING/STRUCTURE IS A FIRE HAZARD.” 4.87 A

Overall Mean Rating 4.85 Very High

Norms:

Range Item Descriptive Rating Overall Descriptive Rating

4.21 – 5.0 Always (A) Very High (VH)

3.41 – 4.20 Often (O) High (H)

2.61 – 3.40 Sometimes (So) Moderate (M)

1.81 – 2.60 Seldom (Se) Low (L)

1.00 – 1.80 Never (N) Very Low (VL)

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University of Northeastern Philippines
San Roque, Iriga City
College of Criminal Justice Education

TABLE 2
Mean Ratings Showing the Extent of the Capability of the BFP Iriga City in
Responding to Emergencies Along Fire Safety Enforcement

Fire Safety Enforcement Mean DR


Fire Safety Inspection(Pre-Construction Phase)
1.The plan evaluator (PE), upon receipt of plans and specificaaations,determines 4.67 A
whether an on-site inspection is required aand if so, prepares the inspection
order(IO)
2.The PE then presents the prepared IO together with the plans to the Chief, Fire 4.83 A
Safety Marshal for his approval
3.The Chief forwards the IO, together with the plans to the City Fire Marshal for 4.93 A
his approval.
4. The PE proceeds to the site and requests acknowledgment of the IO from any 4.87 A
responsible person in the building, structure or facility
5.The PE conducts an ocular inspection of the building/structure/facility 4.99 A
6. The PE prepares an After Inspection Report (AIR) within 24 hours after receipt of 4.86 A
the IO as the basis for his/her evaluation of the submitted plans and specifications.
Fire Safety Inspection (Construction Phase)
1. By the issued Fire Safety Checklist (FSC) on the building plan, the PE prepares 4.71 A
an IO and forwards to the Chief, FSES for his signature
2. The Chief, FSES countersigns the IO and forwards the same to the 4.97 A
City/Municipal Fire Marshal for approval.
3. The City/Municipal Fire Marshal signs the IO 4.97 A
4. The PE proceeds to the site and requests acknowledgment of the IO from any 4.87 A
responsible person in the building, structure or facility.
5. The PE inspects the construction, renovation, modification or alteration and 4.86 A
prepares the AIR in duplicate copies immediately after the inspection leaving a
copy for the owner/project manager/contractor or any duly authorized
representative
6. Within three years upon receipt of the IO, a copy of the AIR is given to the Chief, 4.91 A
FSES.
7. The Chief, FSES evaluates the AIR and, in case of violations/deficiencies, 4.91 A
prepares the written notice addressed to the owner/project manager/contractor or
any duly authorized representative in the construction.
8.The C/MFM signs the notice and forwards the same to the PE or service of 4.91 A
notice.
9. The PE serves the original copy of the notice to owner/project 4.54 A
manager/contractor or any duly authorized representative and another copy to the
Office of the Building Official.
Posting of Warnings A
1. The fire safety inspector or any BFP personnel designated or assigned to serve 4.87 A
the NTCV puts a corresponding signage in front of the building. The notice bears
the words “WARNING: THIS BUILDING/STRUCTURE IS A FIRE HAZARD.”
Overall Mean Rating 4.85 Very
High

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University of Northeastern Philippines
San Roque, Iriga City
College of Criminal Justice Education

The respondents have “Very High” extent of capability in

responding to emergencies along fire safety enforcement as manifested by

the overall mean of 4.85. This means that the respondents are capable of

enforcing fire safety by doing the fire safety inspection during

pre-construction phase, construction phase and posting of warnings.

On fire safety inspection (pre-construction phase), the

respondents answered that the plan evaluator “Always” conduct an ocular

inspection of the building/ structure/ facility (x̅=4.99). On fire safety

inspection (construction phase), the respondents also answered that the

Chief, Fire Safety Enforcement Section (FSES) “Always” countersigns the IO

and forwards the same to the City/Municipal Fire Marshal for approval and

the City/Municipal Fire Marshal signs the IO (x̅=4.97) respectively, and on

posting of warnings, the respondents “Always” see to it that there should be

a corresponding signage in front of the building and the notice bears the

words “WARNING: THIS BUILDING/STRUCTURE IS A FIRE HAZARD

(x̅=4.87).”

The finding implies that following the protocol in their operations

such as planning, forwarding of signed orders and posting of warnings like

signage ensures delivery of quality public service.

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University of Northeastern Philippines
San Roque, Iriga City
College of Criminal Justice Education

This is backed up by the result of the interview in the community

that the BFP personnel always conduct an ocular inspection on

pre-construction phase because it is a requirement for having a building

permit and as stated by the community that they usually visit the construction

site to ensure safety for the residents and the laborer.

The Fire Code of the Philippine of 2008 and in compliance with

Section 14.0.0.3 of its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) guidelines

are prescribed to promote public safety relative to application and

approval/acceptance of alternative and/or remedial fire safety measures for

existing public or private buildings, facilities or structures and their premises

or portion thereof.

These implementing guidelines shall apply to all existing private

or public buildings, facilities or structures and their premises or portion

thereof erected or constructed before the effectivity of RA 9514 and its IRR,

where compliance with the fire safety requirements as specified in the IRR of

RA 9514 will compromise the structural stability/integrity of the said

buildings, facilities or structures which necessitates alternative and/or

remedial fire safety measures. (Fire Safety Enforcement Manual, 2013).

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University of Northeastern Philippines
San Roque, Iriga City
College of Criminal Justice Education

TABLE 2

Mean Ratings Showing the Extent of the Capability of the BFP Iriga City

in Responding to Emergencies Along Firefighting Operations

Firefighting Operations Mean DR


Fire in High-Rise Building
1. All responding personnel wear appropriate Personal Protective 4.84 A
Equipment (PPE)
2. The Incident Commander (IC) coordinates with the management of the 4.93 A
building for initial gathering of information and initiates transfer of command.
3. The IC activates and deploys Evacuation, Search, and Rescue, 4.91 A
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT)
response team/s, if needed.
4. The IC conducts Damage Assessment and Need Analysis (DANA) and 4.91 A
reports the same to the next higher office
5. The IC directs the conduct of fire operations by the phases of firefighting, 4.90 A
whenever applicable
6. The IC declares “fire under control” when there is no probability for the fire 4.90 A
to escalate
7. Responding personnel performs overhauling until the fire is fully 4.78
extinguished.
8. The IC declares “fire out” after determination of total extinguishment. 4.74 A
9. The IC directs the BFP investigators to continue the conduct of the 4.51 A
investigation.
10. The responding unit returns to the station after demobilization only. 4.17 A
11. The Fire Marshal, together with the firefighting unit, conducts post fire 4.59 A
analysis
12. The Station’s Chief Operations submits After Fire Operations Report to 4.90 A
the Fire Marshal for subsequent submission to the next higher office.
Fire in LPG Installation.
1. All first responders respond to the incident in complete PPE 4.87 A
2. Highest Ranking Personnel (HRP) assumes command as Incident 4.93 A
Commander (IC) and activates Incident Command System (ICS).
3. The IC activates and deploys Evacuation, Search and Rescue, 4.90 A
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT)
response team/s, if needed.
4. The IC directs the conduct of Damage Assessment and Need Analysis 4.87 A
(DANA) and reports the same to the next higher office.
Overall Mean Rating 4.83 Very
High

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University of Northeastern Philippines
San Roque, Iriga City
College of Criminal Justice Education

Table II shows the extent of the capability of the BFP in

responding to emergencies along Firefighting Operations. Table II. Mean

Ratings Showing the Extent of the Capability of the BFP IRIGA in

Responding to Emergencies Along Firefighting Operations Firefighting

Operations Mean DR Fire in High-Rise Building 1. All responding personnel

wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 4.84 A 2. The

Incident Commander (IC) coordinates with the management of the building

for initial gathering of information and initiates transfer of command. 4.93 A

The IC activates and deploys Evacuation, Search, and Rescue,

Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT)

response team/s, if needed. 4.91 A 4. The IC conducts Damage Assessment

and Need Analysis (DANA) and reports the same to the next higher office.

4.91 A 5. The IC directs the conduct of fire operations by the phases of

firefighting, whenever applicable. 4.90 A 6.

The IC declares “fire under control” when there is no probability

for the fire to escalate. 4.90 A 7. Responding personnel performs

overhauling until the fire is fully extinguished. 4.78 A 8. The IC declares “fire

out” after determination of total extinguishment. 4.74 A

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University of Northeastern Philippines
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College of Criminal Justice Education

The IC directs the BFP investigators to continue the conduct of

the investigation. 4.51 A 10. The responding unit returns to the station after

demobilization only. 4.17 O 11. The Fire Marshal, together with the

firefighting unit, conducts post fire analysis. 4.59 A 12.

The Station’s Chief Operations submits After Fire Operations

Report to the Fire Marshal for subsequent submission to the next higher

office. 4.90 A Fire in LPG Installation 1. All first responders respond to the

incident in complete PPE. 4.87 A 2. Highest Ranking Personnel (HRP)

assumes command as Incident Commander (IC) and activates Incident

Command System (ICS). 4.93 A 3. The IC activates and deploys

Evacuation, Search and Rescue, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and

Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT) response team/s, if needed. 4.90 A

The IC directs the conduct of Damage Assessment and Need

Analysis (DANA) and reports the same to the next higher office. 4.87

Firefighting Operations Mean DR Fire in High-Rise Building 5. The IC

recognizes and identifies the materials involved and its storage or locations

for possible Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE). 4.88 A 6.

The responders stop the leak, if the fire is not present. 4.87 A 7.

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College of Criminal Justice Education

Firefighting unit observes isolation distance at least 800 meters

radius, if the fire is involved. 4.84 A 8. Responders position the equipment

and personnel behind the structure or any natural barrier. 4.86 A 9.

Responders place monitor nozzle towards the storage tank/tank truck. 4.84

A 10. Firefighting unit fights the fire from a distance of at least 800 meters

using unmanned hose stand or monitor nozzle. 4.88 A

Firefighting unit floods containers with water until the fire is out.

4.91 A 12. The IC declares “fire under control” when there is no probability

for the fire to escalate. 4.91 A 13. Firefighting unit conducts overhauling. 4.93

A 14. The IC declares “fire out” upon determination of total extinguishment

4.91 A 15. The IC directs the BFP investigators to continue the conduct of

the investigation. 4.88 A

The Fire Marshal, together with the firefighting unit, performs post

fire analysis. 4.81 A 17. The station’s Chief Operations submits After Fire

Operation Report to the Fire Marshal for subsequent submission to the next

higher office. 4.90 A

Overall Mean Rating 4.83 Very High

70
University of Northeastern Philippines
San Roque, Iriga City
College of Criminal Justice Education

TABLE 3
Mean Ratings Showing the Extent of the Capability of the BFP Iriga
City in Responding to Emergencies Along Emergency Medical
Services
Emergency Medical Services Mean DR
Response to Medical Emergencies
1. The team leader or assigned crew gathers all initial information from dispatch. 4.90 A
1.1. exact location/address to include reference to landmarks such as public 4.93 A
infrastructure/building, restaurants, park, school and others.
2.2 nature and severity of injury, illness or accident 4.91 A
2.3 information of possible victims/patients, status and number; and 4.90 A
2.4 particular problems or other pertinent information of the scene (Advance Cardiac Life 4.90 A
Support Needed, Police Assistance Needed)
2. The team leader or crew reports to dispatch, confirm response and notes time 4.46 A
3. The ambulance crew wears EMS vest and proper personal protective equipment (PPE). 4.65
4. The ambulance crew readies additional equipment to be carried (scoop stretcher, 4.68 A
C-collar, splints, portable oxygen tank, automated external defibrillator, CPR mask/BVM)..
5. The team leader or crew member prepares patient care report (PCR) 4.90 A
6. The team leader introduces self and asks for consent before engaging to the patient.. 4.87 A
7. The team leader or assigned crew conducts proper assessment, initiates treatment or 4.71 A
medical management within the scope of the level of training and standard of care.
8. The ambulance crew documents all interventions given in the PCR. 4.84 A
9. The team transports the patient if necessary.
10. The team leader of crew coordinates with the Department of Health (DOH) Operation 4.58 A
Center for hospital transport
11. The EMS team endorses the patient and PCR to emergency room personnel (if 4.87 A
transported), and asks permission to leave the hospital or health facility).
12. The ambulance crew airs out the ambulance by leaving the doors open for 5-10 minutes 4.51 A
before returning to base. Use aerosols/disinfectants spray to sanitize the ambulance
13. Any member of the EMS team notifies dispatch that you are leaving the hospital. 4.65 A

14. Any member of the EMS team notifies dispatch o the arrival at EMS base. 4.67 A

15. The ambulance crew cleans, disinfects the ambulance and equipment and discards all 4.81 A
soiled supplies used like gauze, gloves and others.
16. The assigned ambulance crew makes an inventory and re stock supplies 4.84 A

17. The team leader or crew member completes and files any additional reports 4.88 A

18. The team leader conducts defusing/debriefing or post run evaluation as needed 4.72 A

Overall Mean Rating 4.83 Very


High

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University of Northeastern Philippines
San Roque, Iriga City
College of Criminal Justice Education

The respondents have “Very High” extent of capability in responding to

emergencies regarding firefighting operations as indicated with the

Overall mean of 4.83.

This means that the personnel is very able to respond in firefighting

operations because it is their main responsibility and that they have undergone

training for six months before they are assigned to the agency.

Further scrutiny, during the operations in high rise building, the

respondents “Always” check that the Incident Commander (IC) coordinates

with the management for initial gathering of information and initiates transfer of

command (x̅ = 4.93).

On fire in LPG installation, the respondents answered that Highest Ranking

Personnel (HRP) “Always” assumes command as Incident Commander (IC)

and activates Incident Command System (ICS) (x̅= 4.93).

As firefighters are generally exposed to high heat buildup as fire develops

between the concrete floor slabs their time at the fire is often reduced to 10-15

minutes. This means relief crews should be ready for deployment from the

forward command to arrive on the fire floor and at the nozzle ahead of time.

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University of Northeastern Philippines
San Roque, Iriga City
College of Criminal Justice Education

In order to establish an optimum response and intervention model for

high-rise tower fires it is important to analyse and prioritise the command roles

and tactical objectives that are achievable according to the weight of attack in a

staffing and command perspective. (Grimwood, 2015).

These results were backed up by the interview of the residents in the

community that if fire cases arise, the BFP immediately responded to calls and

immediately traverse to the location of fire for approximately 5-15 minutes. The

findings imply that the respondents can establish an incident command system

when they respond to call for service.

Gainey, 2015 stated that in the fire service, communication allows the

opportunity to have all orders given at the highest level of command follow

downward to the proper level necessary to carry the goal out, while all in the

chain are aware of the actions and their effect on the overall situation.

73
University of Northeastern Philippines
San Roque, Iriga City
College of Criminal Justice Education

Table 4
Mean Ratings Showing the Extent of the Capability of the BFP Iriga
City in Responding to Emergencies Along Special Operations

Special Operations Mean DR


Fire Ground Rescue Operation
1. The team leader ensures resource operability at all times. 4.90 A
2. After the COMMEL receives the distress call, the SRU team leader relays the 4.88 A
information to his immediate supervisor.
3. Team documenter gathers necessary information from the dispatch center 4.87 A
before the response team leaves the base
4. The team radio operator seeks clearance from the dispatch center before 4.86 A
proceeding to the location of the incident
5. The first team to arrive coordinates with the Incident Commander. 4.91 A
6. The SRU Team Leader acquires real-time information regarding trapped victims 4.90 A
and determines the mode of operation (Rescue or Recovery) based on the
survivability profile of the victim/s (This includes factors such as the location of the
victims(s) and elapsed time since the fire started incident occurred).
7. The SRU Team Leader/Safety Officer assures that all personnel is wearing 4.88
appropriate PPE.
8. The SRU Team Logistics prepares all the needed equipment for the fire ground 4.88 A
SAR Operations.
9. The SRU Team Leader Sizes Up and gathers necessary data such as floor plans 4.90 A
and other information relevant to the location of the victim/s.
10. The SRU Team Leader briefs entry teams (includes exterior size-up, exit 4.88 A
routes, burned areas, and victim/s exact or probable locations).
11. The BACO ensures the team’s safe entry at all times. 4.87 A
12. The SRU Team Leader orders entry in pairs 4.88 A
13. Entry Team provides an anchor point for easy egress if possible.
14. The SRU Team Leader establishes search priorities. 4.88 A
15. The SRU Team Leader assigns RIT for immediate pull-out or rescue of entry 4.87 A
teams.
16. The Entry Team locates the victim and obtain information about the extent of 4.87 A
the fire
17. Another member of the team create ventilations and check structural safety 4.88 A

18. Entry Team checks and marks all searched area and gives updates to the 4.91 A
Team Leader
20. The Team immediately turns over the victim to the EMS. 4.84 A

21. If the victim is already dead, the Team follows management of the dead and the 4.90 A
missing protocol.
22. The Team Leader gives updates to the IC and assists in fire suppression 4.90 A
operation when needed.
23. The Team Leader seeks incident Commander’s or Operations Chief’s advice 4.87 A
for them checkout.

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University of Northeastern Philippines
San Roque, Iriga City
College of Criminal Justice Education

24. Team Leader ensures personnel accountability. 4.87 A

25. The Team Logistics officer recovers all tools and equipment used in the rescue 4.88 A
operation
26. The Response Team returns to base with all the equipment. 4.87 A

27. The Team Leader considers a Post Incident and Critique (may be more 4.88 A
appropriate at a later date).
Overall Mean Rating 4.88 Very
High

Table 4 depicts the extent of the capability of the BFP IRIGA in responding to

emergencies along emergency medical services. Table 4.Mean Ratings

Showing the Extent of the Capability of the BFP in Responding to Emergencies

Along Emergency Medical Services Emergency Medical Services Mean DR

Response to Medical Emergencies 1.

The team leader or assigned crew gathers all initial information from

dispatch. 4.90 A 1.1. exact location/address to include reference to landmarks

such as public infrastructure/building, restaurants, park, school and others.

4.93 A 2.2 nature and severity of injury, illness or accident. 4.93 A 2.3

information of possible victims/patients, status and number; and 4.91 A 2.4

particular problems or other pertinent information of the scene (Advance

Cardiac Life Support Needed, Police Assistance Needed) 4.90 A 2.

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University of Northeastern Philippines
San Roque, Iriga City
College of Criminal Justice Education

The team leader or crew reports to dispatch, confirm response and notes

time. 4.90 A 3. The ambulance crew wears EMS vest and proper personal

protective equipment (PPE). 4.46 A 4. The ambulance crew readies additional

equipment to be carried (scoop stretcher, C-collar, splints, portable oxygen

tank, automated external defibrillator, CPR mask/BVM). 4.65 A 5. The team

leader or crew member prepares patient care report (PCR) 4.68 A 6. The team

leader introduces self and asks for consent before engaging to the patient. 4.90

A 7.

The team leader or assigned crew conducts proper assessment, initiates

treatment or medical management within the scope of the level of training and

standard of care. 4.87 A 8. The ambulance crew documents all interventions

given in the PCR. 4.71 A Emergency Medical Services Mean DR 9. The team

transports the patient if necessary. 4.84 A 10.

The team leader of crew coordinates with the Department of Health (DOH)

Operation Center for hospital transport. 4.58 A 11. The EMS team endorses the

patient and PCR to emergency room personnel (if transported), and asks

permission to leave the hospital or health facility. 4.87 A 12.

The ambulance crew airs out the ambulance by leaving the doors open for

5-10 minutes before returning to base. Use aerosols/disinfectants spray to

sanitize the ambulance. 4.51 A 13.

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San Roque, Iriga City
College of Criminal Justice Education

Any member of the EMS team notifies dispatch that you are leaving the

hospital. 4.65 A 14. Any member of the EMS team notifies dispatch o the arrival

at EMS base. 4.67 A 15.

The ambulance crew cleans, disinfects the ambulance and equipment and

discards all soiled supplies used like gauze, gloves and others. 4.81 A 16. The

assigned ambulance crew makes an inventory and re stock supplies. 4.84 A

17. The team leader or crew member completes and files any additional

reports. 4.88 A 18. The team leader conducts defusing/debriefing or post run

evaluation as needed. 4.72 A On Vehicular Emergencies 1.

The team leader or assigned crew gathers all initial information from

dispatch 4.87 A 1.1 Exact location/address to include reference to landmarks

such as public infrastructure/building restaurants, park, school and others. 4.94

A 1.2 Nature and severity of injury, illness or incident. 4.93 A 1.3 Information of

possible victims/patients status and number; and 4.90 A 1.4 Special problems

or other pertinent information of the scene (Advance Cardiac Life Support

Needed, Police Assistance Needed) 4.87 A 2.

The team leader or crew reports to dispatch, confirm response, and notes

time. 4.80 A 3. The ambulance crew wears EMS vest and proper personal

protective equipment. 4.77 A 4.

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University of Northeastern Philippines
San Roque, Iriga City
College of Criminal Justice Education

The ambulance crew readies additional equipment to be carried (scoop

stretcher, C-collar, splints, portable oxygen tank, automated external

defibrillator, CPR mask, BVM). 4.81 A 5. The team leader or crew member

prepares patient care report (PCR). 4.80 A 6. The team leader introduces self

and asks for consent before engaging to the patient. 4.87 A 7.

The team leader physically stabilizes the vehicle and checks for leaks,

before managing the patient inside an accident vehicle. 4.84 A 8. The team

leader turns off the ignition key. For automatic transmissions, place the gear

shift to park and for manual transmission, use hand break. 4.86 A 9.

The team leader disconnects battery cables (positive and negative). 4.74 A

10. The team leader or crew conducts a proper assessment, places C-collar if

needed, and if the patient is pinned down, request for special rescue unit (SRU)

to effect extrication. 4.80 A 11.

The team leader or assigned crew conducts proper assessment, initiates

treatment or medical management within the scope of the level of training and

standard of care. 4.84 A 12. The ambulance crew documents all interventions

given in the PCR. 4.74 A 13.

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College of Criminal Justice Education

The team transports the patient if necessary. 4.81 A 14. Team leader or crew

coordinates with the Department of Health (DOH) Operation Center for Hospital

Transport. 4.67 A 15. The EMS team endorses the patient and PCR to

emergency room personnel (if transported), and asks permission to leave the

hospital or health facility. 4.87 A 16.

The ambulance crew airs out the ambulance by leaving the doors open for

5-10 minutes before returning to base. Use aerosols/disinfectant spray to

sanitize the ambulance. 4.78 A 17. Any member of the EMS team notifies

dispatch of leaving the hospital. 4.83 A 18. Any member of the EMS team

informs dispatch of the arrival at the EMS base. 4.77 A 19.

The ambulance crew cleans, disinfects the ambulance and equipment, and

discards all soiled supplies used like gauze, gloves and others. 4.84 A 20. The

assigned ambulance crew makes an inventory and re stock supplies. 4.80 A

21. The team leader or crew member completes and files any additional

reports. 4.84 A 22. The team leader conducts defusing/debriefing or post-run

evaluation as needed. 4.83 A

Overall Mean Rating 4.80 Very High

79
University of Northeastern Philippines
San Roque, Iriga City
College of Criminal Justice Education

TABLE 5
Mean Ratings Showing the Extent of Capability of the BFP Iriga City in
Responding to Emergencies Along Disaster Management

Disaster Management Mean DR


Fire Ground Rescue Operation
1. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative formulates Contingency Plan for 4.96 A
typhoons and floods and orients his personnel about the said plan
2. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative advises disaster response team 4.96 A
with its equipment to standby.
3. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative attends the LDRRMC meeting. 4.96 A
4. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative coordinates with other 4.96 A

government agencies in the conduct of disaster response operation/support needed

5. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative coordinates with other 4.87 A

government agencies in the conduct of disaster response operation/support needed

6. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative to activate the search, rescue and 4.90 A
retrieval (SRR) teams.
7. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative updates the Mayor/LDRRMC/IC 4.96
on the availability of resources (personnel and equipment) for the response or SAR
operations
8.The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative raises the alert based on the 4.93 A
prevailing situation in their respective Fire Stations.
9. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative issues recall order to all on leave 4.91 A
and off duty personnel.
10. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative accounts all personnel who 4.87 A
reported to the station.
11. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative mobilizes volunteer fire brigades 4.83 A
and other force multipliers..
12. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative designates personnel who will 4.86 A
assist in the medical, clearing, evacuation, and information dissemination operations.
13. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative directs his/her operation officer 4.86
to assist in providing vehicular and personnel support (if necessary) fir ore-emotive and
force evacuation of communities/families.
14. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative pre-positions personnel to assist 4.88 A
in the clearing, evacuation, and information dissemination
15. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative direct duty personnel to assist in 4.8 A
the delivery of water to the evacuation centers.
16. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative direct duty personnel to assist in 4.88 A
clearing routes to ensure faster delivery of relief goods/supplies/equipment through
cleaning/flushing of vital structures and by taking down billboard pruning trees and clearing
canals.
17. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative assists in the assessment if other 4.83 A
structures or places as additional to the pre-identified evacuation centers.
18. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative notifies the HHQ through 4.90 A
Situation Report

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San Roque, Iriga City
College of Criminal Justice Education

19. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative alerts Disaster Response Team 4.86 A
(DRT)
20. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative advise DRT to secure 4.86 A
themselves from the clear and present danger brought by the landfall of the typhoon
21. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative withdraws his/her operating 4.88 A
teams upon imminent danger and direct them on standby at EOC or seek shelter at a safe
area in their area of operations.
22. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative directs the SRR team to conduct 4.87 A
Search, Rescue, and Retrieval, and Evacuation Operations in the event of on going
devastation in the area of responsibility, IF POSSIBLE.
23. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative notifies HHQ through Situation 4.87 A
Report..
24. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative continues to provide HHQ with 4.88 A
updates through Situation Report.
25. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative continues to mobilize volunteer 4.88 A
fire brigades and other force multipliers.
26. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative mobilizes the SRR Team 4.81 A

27. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative direct duty personnel to assist in 4.87 A
the delivery of water to the evacuation center
28. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative direct duty personnel to assist in 4.86 A
the delivery of water to evacuation centers
29. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative direct duty to personnel to assist 4.90 A
in cutting uprooted trees causing road obstruction.
30. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative direct duty personnel to assist in 4.90 A
clearing roads
31. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative directs his/her operation officer 4.88 A
to report to the electric and water cooperatives for the repair of damaged water and power
lines.
32. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative coordinates with the 4.96 A
Mayor/LDRRMO/IC on the availability of BFP personnel for possible deployment.
33. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative directs his/ her operation officer 4.90 A
to check the serviceability of lifelines in the evacuation centers for subsequent reporting to
the officers concerned
34. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative submits After Operation Report 4.91 A

to the HHQ by accomplishing Annexes “A,” “B,” and “C.”

Overall Mean Rating 4.89 Very


High

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The respondents have “Very High” extent of capability regarding emergency

medical services as manifested by the overall mean 4.80. It means that the

respondents are very able in responding to emergency medical cases. This is

because the personnel who were assigned to emergency medical services are

registered nurses or graduates of allied health courses and have undergone

training on basic first aid, basic and advanced life support and basic rescue

techniques.

Further, along response to medical emergencies the respondents answered

that the team leader or assigned crew “Always” gathers all initial information

from dispatch (x̅= 4.90) on exact location/address to include reference to

landmarks such as public infrastructure/building, restaurants, park, school, etc.

and nature and severity of injury, illness or accident (x̅ = 4.93), information of

possible victims/patients, status and number (x̅= 4.91); and particular problems

or other pertinent information of the scene (Advance Cardiac Life Support

Needed, Police Assistance Needed) (x̅= 4.90).

On vehicular emergencies; the respondents stated that the team leader or

assigned crew “Always” gathers all initial information from dispatch (x̅ = 4.87)

on exact location/address to include reference to landmarks such as public

infrastructure/building, restaurants, park, school, etc; (x̅= 4.94), nature and

severity of injury, illness or accident (x̅= 4.93), information of possible

victims/patients, status and number (x̅= 4.90); and particular problems or other

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pertinent information of the scene (Advance Cardiac Life Support Needed,

Police Assistance Needed) (x̅= 4.87).

It means that the respondents can gather basic information from a caller like

the location/address because they know that this is the most significant

information obtained for proper and immediate action. This is also

supplemented by the result of an interview conducted in the community that

BFP personnel as observed by the people are the first person responding to

vehicular accidents and they transport victims from the location of accident to

the nearest hospital.

As well as most of the time they are requested to bring patients from their

home to hospital and vice versa because they have their own ambulance.

Maurtua, 2017 stated that in an effort to reinforce the BFP to act as a first

responder to both fire alarms and other medical emergency calls, a new

strategy is being put in place.

A bill proposed by house leader’s calls for fire stations to have trained

paramedics added on duty at all times to be a requirement.The bill was

intended to make the BFP’s staff better trained and equipped when responding

to accidents, medical emergencies calls, or even terror attacks. It would offer

selective training for the nation’s next generation of firefighters as certified

paramedics or emergency medical technicians. Negros Daily Bulletin, 2016

reports that the BFP has evolved from firefighters to emergency medical

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responders to rescue teams after twenty five years. From its original mandate

of just being mere fire prevention and fire suppression, the BFP now is a

multi-faceted bureau whose functions other than fire prevention and fire

suppression now include emergency medical service and fire rescue.

The respondents have “Very High” extent of capability regarding emergency

medical services as manifested by the overall mean 4.80. It means that the

respondents are very able in responding to emergency medical cases.

This is because the personnel who were assigned to emergency medical

services are registered nurses or graduates of allied health courses and have

undergone training on basic first aid, basic and advanced life support and basic

rescue techniques. Further, along response to medical emergencies the

respondents answered that the team leader or assigned crew “Always” gathers

all initial information from dispatch (x̅= 4.90) on exact location/address to

include reference to landmarks such as public infrastructure/building,

restaurants, park, school, etc. and nature and severity of injury, illness or

accident (x̅ = 4.93), information of possible victims/patients, status and number

(x̅= 4.91); and particular problems or other pertinent information of the scene

(Advance Cardiac Life Support Needed, Police Assistance Needed) (x̅= 4.90).

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On vehicular emergencies; the respondents stated that the team leader or

assigned crew “Always” gathers all initial information from dispatch (x̅ = 4.87)

on exact location/address to include reference to landmarks such as public

infrastructure/building, restaurants, park, school, etc; (x̅= 4.94), nature and

severity of injury, illness or accident (x̅= 4.93), information of possible

victims/patients, status and number (x̅= 4.90); and particular problems or other

pertinent information of the scene (Advance Cardiac Life Support Needed,

Police Assistance Needed) (x̅= 4.87).

It means that the respondents can gather basic information from a caller like

the location/address because they know that this is the most significant

information obtained for proper and immediate action. This is also

supplemented by the result of an interview conducted in the community that

BFP IRIGA as observed by the people are the first person responding to

vehicular accidents and they transport victims from the location of accident to

the nearest hospital.

As well as most of the time they are requested to bring patients from their

home to hospital and vice versa because they have their own ambulance.

Maurtua, 2017 stated that in an effort to reinforce the BFP to act as a first

responder to both fire alarms and other medical emergency calls, a new

strategy is being put in place.

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A bill proposed by house leader’s calls for fire stations to have trained

paramedics added on duty at all times to be a requirement. The bill was

intended to make the BFP’s staff better trained and equipped when responding

to accidents, medical emergencies calls, or even terror attacks. It would offer

selective training for the nation’s next generation of firefighters as certified

paramedics or emergency medical technicians.

2016 reports that the BFP has evolved from firefighters to emergency

medical responders to rescue teams after twenty five years. From its original

mandate of just being mere fire prevention and fire suppression, the BFP IRIGA

now is a multi-faceted bureau whose functions other than fire prevention and

fire suppression now include emergency medical service and fire rescue.

TABLE 5

Items Overall Mean DR


Fire Safety 4.85 VH
Enforcement
Firefighting 4.83 VH
Operations
Emergency Medical 4.80 VH
Services
Special Operations 4.88 VH
Fire/Arson 4.94 VH
Investigation
Disaster Management 4.89 VH
As A Whole 4.86 Very High

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Table 5 presents the extent of the capability of the BFP in responding to

emergencies along special operations. Table IV. Mean Ratings Showing the

Extent of the Capability of the BFP IRIGA in Responding to Emergencies Along

Special Operations

Special Operations Mean DR Fire Ground Rescue Operation 1. The team

leader ensures resource operability at all times. 4.90 A 2. After the COMMEL

receives the distress call, the SRU team leader relays the information to his

immediate supervisor. 4.88 A 3. Team documenter gathers necessary

information from the dispatch center before the response team leaves the base.

4.87 A 4. The team radio operator seeks clearance from the dispatch center

before proceeding to the location of the incident. 4.86 A 5. The first team to

arrive coordinates with the Incident Commander. 4.91 A 6. The SRU Team

Leader acquires real-time information regarding trapped victims and

determines the mode of operation (Rescue or Recovery) based on the

survivability profile of the victim/s (This includes factors such as the location of

the victims(s) and elapsed time since the fire started incident occurred). 4.90 A.

The SRU Team Leader/Safety Officer assures that all personnel is wearing

appropriate PPE. 4.88 A 8. The SRU Team Logistics prepares all the needed

equipment for the fire ground SAR Operations. 4.88 A 9. The SRU Team

Leader Sizes Up and gathers necessary data such as floor plans and other

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information relevant to the location of the victim/s. 4.90 A 10. The SRU Team

Leader briefs entry teams (includes exterior size-up, exit routes, burned areas,

and victim/s exact or probable locations). 4.88 A 11. The BACO ensures the

team’s safe entry at all times. 4.87 A 12. The SRU Team Leader orders entry in

pairs. 4.88 A 13. Entry Team provides an anchor point for easy egress if

possible. 4.88 A 14. The SRU Team Leader establishes search priorities. 4.88

A 15.

The SRU Team Leader assigns RIT for immediate pull-out or rescue of entry

teams. 4.87 A 16. The Entry Team locates the victim and obtain information

about the extent of the fire. 4.87 A 17. Another member of the team create

ventilations and check structural safety. 4.88 A 18. Entry Team checks and

marks all searched area and gives updates to the Team Leader. 4.91 A 19. If

the victim is found, Entry Team checks for signs of life provides respiratory

protection if possible and brings the victim to a safer area. 4.91 A 20. The Team

immediately turns over the victim to the EMS. 4.84 A 21.

If the victim is already dead, the Team follows management of the dead and

the missing protocol. 4.90 A 22. The Team Leader gives updates to the IC and

assists in fire suppression operation when needed. 4.90 A 23. The Team

Leader seeks incident Commander’s or Operations Chief’s advice for them

checkout. 4.87 A 24. Team Leader ensures personnel accountability. 4.87 A

25. The Team Logistics officer recovers all tools and equipment used in the

rescue operation. 4.88 A 26. The Response Team returns to base with all the

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equipment. 4.87 A 27. The Team Leader considers a Post Incident and Critique

(may be more appropriate at a later date). 4.88 A

Overall Mean Rating 4.88 Very High

The respondents have “Very High” extent of capability in responding

emergencies regarding special operations specifically on fire ground rescue

operation with the overall mean of 4.88. It means that the respondents are

capable in their safety operations during fire ground rescue operation.

During the operation, it is “Always” the first team to arrive who coordinates

with the Incident Commander, Entry Team checks and marks all searched area

and gives updates to the team leader and if the victim is found, entry team

checks for signs of life, provides respiratory protection if possible and brings the

victim to a safer area (x̅= 4.91).

This means that the respondents are capable of doing their job as rescuers

during special operations like fire ground rescue operation. They follow orders

from the Incident Commander and when victims have been found, they perform

lifesaving procedures as needed such as protecting the airway and bringing the

victims to a safer area.

They can perform such procedures because they attended relevant training

and seminars on rescue operations. Sanchez, 2013 stated that the BFP makes

use of its established network to augment its resources with the help of

contributions from the private sector. Properly trained volunteer firefighters,

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who are under the command of the BFP fire ground commander during any

conflagration, are of great help to the agency since they provide assistance

where and when necessary. These volunteers utilize their own equipment in

many cases – and doing so takes significant pressure off the bureau itself.

TABLE 6

PROFILE Fire Firefighting Emergency Special Fire/Arson Disaster As A


Safety Operations Medical Operati Investigati Management Whol
Enforce Services ons on e
ment
Age -.189 -.115 -.200 .001 -.029 -.128 -.137
Sex -.149 -.033 .082 .073 .182 .073 .058
Civil Status -.030 .179 -.004 .211 .156 .010 .122
Educational -.115 -.106 .039 .115 .008 -.135 -.030
Attainment
Family -.191 -.350** -.145 -.206 -.149 -.235 -.279*
Monthly
Income
Statusof -.131 -.186 -.190 -.089 -.077 -.129 -.176
Appointment
Related .129 -.038 .045 .081 .098 -.095 .037
Training
Attended

Table 6 presents the extent of the capability of the BFP in responding to

emergencies along fire/arson investigation.. Mean Ratings Showing the Extent

of the Capability of the BFP IRIGA in Responding to Emergencies Along

Fire/Arson Investigation Fire/Arson Investigation Mean DR Fire Scene

Documentation 1. Fire Scene Sketch Preparer and Fire Scene Photographer

ensure availability of all tools and equipment they need for the investigation.

4.94 A 2.

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Fire Scene Sketch Preparer prepares a detailed illustration of the interior and

exterior portion of the fire scene, illustration of the Area of Fire Origin and the

Point of Fire Origin, Fire Spread Pattern, affected and unaffected areas at the

fire scene. 4.94 A 3. Fire Scene Photographer photographs the fire scene in

large and close-up angles for detailed and sequential presentation. 4.93 A

Submission of Pertinent Documents for Investigation 4.

Fire Arson Investigator (FAI) prepares the LIST OF DOCUMENTS needed to

accomplished/ submitted by the fire victim/s, building occupant/s and other

parties affected by the fire. The required documents are listed inform FAI-02:

Required Documents for Investigation.

Documents to be obtained from the fire victim vary based on the TYPE OF

OCCUPANCY or the INVOLVED STRUCTURE gutted by fire. 4.96 A 5. FAI

prepares and submits the mandatory reports within the reglementary period of

submission. 4.94 A Collection And Preservation Of Evidence 6. FAI prepares

the apparatus used for the collection of evidence. 4.91 A

FAI identifies the collected physical evidence found at the fire scene that has

Evidentiary Value in the conduct of fire investigation. 4.94 A 8. Evidence

Recovery Personnel and Custodian coordinate with Fire Scene Sketch Prepare

for the illustrations of the position and location of all pieces of evidence

collected. 4.96 A.

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Fire Arson Investigator photographs the pieces of evidence to be collected

before lifting and should be in the presence of a witness independent from the

Fire Arson Investigation Team. 4.93 A 10. FAI properly documents, packs,

seals and labels the pieces of evidence recovered before transportation and

submission to Arson Laboratory Section BP-NHQ, within 72 hours upon lifting

from the fire scene, for laboratory examination. 4.93 A.

FAI records/documents, collect and itemize in detailed format all the

recovered pieces of evidence using the Evidence Collection and Recovery

Record (ECRR) 4.96 A 12. FAI attaches the copy of the Evidence Collection

and Recovery Record (ECRR) to the Evidence Chain of Custody (ECC) form.

4.94 A Interview And Questioning Of Witnesses 13.

FAI issues Invitation Letter to all witnesses to appear before the Office of

the Investigation and Intelligence concerned for a formal interview. 4.93 A 14.

FAI requires the witness to execute and sign his/her Sworn Statement under

oath, and have the same duly subscribed and sworn to before a person legally

authorized to administer oath (Notary Public, Prosecutor, Clerk of Courts and

Judges) or at least a member of the BFP investigation team with the rank of Fire

Inspector. 4.96 A.

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FAI conducts an interview and questioning to other experts/professionals

who can provide relevant information about the occurrence of the fire. 4.91 A

Conduct Fire Cause Determination Procedure 16. FAI collects data by

observation, or other direct data gathering means. 4.94 A 17. FAI analyses

collected data based on acquired knowledge through training, experience, and

expertise. 4.96 A 18.

FAI develops the hypothesis from gathered data using inductive reasoning.

4.96 A 19. FAI tests the hypothesis if it can stand the test of careful and serious

challenge. 4.93 A Fire/Arson Investigation Mean DR 20. FAI selects final

hypothesis. 4.96 A Submit Mandatory Report 21. Fire Arson Investigation

Team submits Progress Investigation Report (PIR) within seven days from the

inception of the investigation to MFM/CFM copy furnished DFM, PFM, RD,

Chief, BFP thru IID, BFP-NHQ. 4.93 A 22. Fire Arson Investigation Team

submits Final Investigation Report (FIR) within 45 days from the inception of the

investigation to MFM/CFM copy furnished DFM, PFM, RD, Chief, BFP thru IID,

BFP-NHQ. 4.93 A Overall Mean Rating 4.94 Very High.

The extent of the capability of the BFP in responding to emergencies along

fire/arson investigation is “Very High” as supported with the mean 4.94. It

means that the respondents are capable of conducting fire/arson investigation

like fire scene documentation, collection and preservation of evidence,

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interview and questioning of witnesses and conducting fire cause determination

procedure. When taken singly, on fire scene investigation, the Fire Arson

Investigator “Always” prepares the list of documents needed to accomplished/

submitted by the fire victim/s, building occupant/s and other parties affected by

the fire.

The required documents are listed in form FAI-02: Required Documents for

investigation. Documents to be obtained from the fire victim vary based on the

type of occupancy or the involved structure gutted by fire (x̅ = 4.96). It means

that the personnel should see to it that all the required documents and checklist

for investigation should be filled up correctly and accurately to have a basis in

declaring the cause of the fire. Further, on collection and preservation of

evidence, the respondents answered that “Always”, the evidence recovery

personnel and custodian coordinates with Fire Scene Sketch Prepare for the

illustrations of the position and location of all pieces of evidence collected, FAI

fully records/documents and collect and itemize in detailed format all the

recovered pieces of evidence using the Evidence Collection and Recovery

Record (x̅= 4.96).

It means that it is imperative that the personnel should collect enough,

accurate and valid data as their basis in deciding the result of the investigation.

This is supported by the response of the people that were interviewed that after

the fire had been declared controlled, the fire inspector remains at the scene to

conduct further investigation to determine the cause of fire, casualties, and cost

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of damage. Once a fire is extinguished, the officer in charge of the incident

initiates a fire investigation to ascertain the cause of a fire. On occasions a

specialist fire safety officer will take over when more time and expertise is

required. The resulting information is forwarded to the appropriate government

department who compiles national statistics. When these statistics are

analyzed they can identify areas where fire prevention measures can be

introduced to reduce fire losses.

The Extent of Capability of the BFP in responding to Emergencies along

Disaster Management is shown in Table VI. Table VI. Mean Ratings Showing

the Extent of Capability of the BFP of Ilocos Sur in Responding to Emergencies

Along Disaster Management Disaster Management Mean DR 1.

The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative formulates

Contingency Plan for typhoons and floods and orients his personnel about the

said plan. 4.96 A 2. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative

advises disaster response team with its equipment to standby. 4.96 A.

The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative attends the LDRRMC

meeting. 4.96 A 4. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative

coordinates with other government agencies in the conduct of disaster

response operation/support needed. 4.96 A 4. The Fire Marshal or his duly

authorized representative coordinates with other government agencies in the

conduct of disaster response operation/support needed. 4.87 A 6.

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The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative to activate the search,

rescue and retrieval (SRR) teams. 4.90 A 7. The Fire Marshal or his duly

authorized representative updates the Mayor/LDRRMC/IC on the availability of

resources (personnel and equipment) for the response or SAR operations. 4.96

A 8.The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative raises the alert

based on the prevailing situation in their respective Fire Stations. 4.93 A 9. The

Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative issues recall order to all on

leave and off duty personnel. 4.91 A 10. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized

representative accounts all personnel who reported to the station. 4.87 A 11.

The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative mobilizes volunteer fire

brigades and other force multipliers. 4.83 A 12. The Fire Marshal or his duly

authorized representative designates personnel who will assist in the medical,

clearing, evacuation, and information dissemination operations. 4.86 A 13.

The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative directs his/her

operation officer to assist in providing vehicular and personnel support (if

necessary) fir ore-emotive and force evacuation of communities/families. 4.86

A 14. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative pre-positions

personnel to assist in the clearing, evacuation, and information dissemination.

4.88 A 15. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative direct duty

personnel to assist in the delivery of water to the evacuation centers. 4.88 A 16.

The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative direct duty personnel

to assist in clearing routes to ensure faster delivery of relief

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goods/supplies/equipment through cleaning/flushing of vital structures and by

taking down billboard pruning trees and clearing canals. 4.86 A 17. The Fire

Marshal or his duly authorized representative assists in the assessment if other

structures or places as additional to the pre-identified evacuation centers. 4.83

A 18. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative notifies the HHQ

through Situation Report. 4.90 A 19. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized

representative alerts Disaster Response Team (DRT) 4.86 A 20. The Fire

Marshal or his duly authorized representative advise DRT to secure

themselves from the clear and present danger brought by the landfall of the

typhoon. 4.86 A 21.

The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative withdraws his/her

operating teams upon imminent danger and direct them on standby at EOC or

seek shelter at a safe area in their area of operations. 4.88 A 22. The Fire

Marshal or his duly authorized representative directs the SRR team to conduct

Search, Rescue, and Retrieval, and Evacuation Operations in the event of on

going devastation in the area of responsibility, IF POSSIBLE. 4.87 A 23. The

Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative notifies HHQ through

Situation Report. 4.88 A 24. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized

representative continues to provide HHQ with updates through Situation

Report. 4.88 A 25. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative

continues to mobilize volunteer fire brigades and other force multipliers. 4.81 A

26. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative mobilizes the SRR

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Team. 4.87 A 27. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative direct

duty personnel to assist in the delivery of water to the evacuation center. 4.86 A

28. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative direct duty personnel

to assist in the delivery of water to evacuation centers. 4.86 A 29.

The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative direct duty to

personnel to assist in cutting uprooted trees causing road obstruction. 4.90 A

30. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative direct duty personnel

to assist in clearing roads. 4.90 A 31. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized

representative directs his/her operation officer to report to the electric and water

cooperatives for the repair of damaged water and power lines. 4.88 A 32.

The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative coordinates with the

Mayor/LDRRMO/IC on the availability of BFP personnel for possible

deployment. 4.96 A 33. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative

directs his/ her operation officer to check the serviceability of lifelines in the

evacuation centers for subsequent reporting to the officers concerned. 4.90 A

34. The Fire Marshal or his duly authorized representative submits After

Operation Report to the HHQ by accomplishing Annexes “A,” “B,” and “C.” 4.91

A Overall Mean Rating 4.89 Very High

The respondents have “Very High” extent of capability in responding to

emergencies along disaster management as indicative to the overall mean

4.89. It implies that the BFP is very able to conduct disaster management

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activities before, during and after disasters and it is imperative that they should

perform this obligation because they are active members of the Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management Council of the City or Municipalities. Further, on

disaster management, the respondents answered that the fire marshal or his

duly authorized representative “Always” formulate contingency plan for typhoon

and floods and orients his personnel about the said plan, advises disaster

response team with its equipment to standby, attends to LDRRMC meeting,

coordinates with other government agencies in the conduct of disaster

response and operation/support needed, updates the mayor/LDRRMC/IC on

the availability of resources for response or SAR operations, and coordinates

with the Mayor/LDRRMC/IC on the availability of BFP personnel for possible

deployment (x̅=4.96).

Felipe, 2011 stated that preparedness is the key. Lawmakers urged

households and communities as well as local and national authorities to ensure

preparedness for natural and man-made calamities at all levels. It is supported

by the response of the people that were interviewed that most of the time they

can see or observe BFP personnel going to the barangay before the typhoon to

warn people and to be prepared for the coming of the typhoon. The BFP IRIGA

personnel conducts rescue and evacuations to flood prone areas. They usually

conduct information dissemination on fire safety and disaster preparedness

especially on July as Disaster Preparedness/ Awareness Month.

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of the extent of the capability of the BFP in responding to emergencies is

shown in Table VII. Table VII Summary of the Extent of the Capability of the

BFP IRIGA in Responding to Emergencies. Items Overall Mean DR Fire Safety

Enforcement 4.85 VH Firefighting Operations 4.83 VH Emergency Medical

Services 4.80 VH Special Operations 4.88 VH Fire/Arson Investigation 4.94 VH

Disaster Management 4.89 VH As A Whole 4.86 Very High

The respondents have a “Very High” extent of capability in responding to

emergencies as manifested by the overall mean of 4.86. Furthermore, it shows

that the respondents have “Very High” extent of capability in responding

emergencies specifically along fire safety enforcement (x̅= 4.85), firefighting

operations (x̅ = 4.83), emergency medical services (x̅= 4.80), special

operations (x̅= 4.88), fire/arson investigation (x̅= 4.89) and disaster

management (x̅= 4.89). This means that the BFP continues to aim to follow its

mandate and pursue measures to boost its capacity to do so. Relationship

Between the Extent of the Capability of the BFP of Ilocos Sur in Responding to

Emergencies and Profile.

The Correlation Coefficient between the Extent of the Capability of the BFP

of Ilocos Sur in Responding to Emergencies and Profile. Correlation

Coefficients between the Extent of the Capability of the BFP in Responding to

Emergencies and Profile. PROFILE Fire Safety Enforcement Firefighting

Operations Emergency Medical Services Special Operations Fire/Arson

Investigation Disaster Management.

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As A Whole

Age -.189 -.115 -.200 .001 -.029 -.128 -.137

Sex -.149 -.033 .082 .073 .182 .073 .058

Civil Status -.030 .179 -.004 .211 .156 .010 .122

Educational Attainment -.115 -.106 .039 .115 .008 -.135 -.030

Family Monthly Income -.191 -.350** -.145 -.206 -.149 -.235 -.279

Status of Appointment -.131 -.186 -.190 -.089 -.077 -.129 -.176

Related Training Attended .129 -.038 .045 .081 .098 -.095 .037

As a whole, there is an inverse relationship between the extent of the

capability of the BFP in responding to emergencies and the income (r = -.279).

It means that the lower the income the higher the extent of capability of the BFP

in responding to emergencies. It implies that if they have lower income, they will

have to perform better in their responsibilities as responders. This is because

they want to remain capable in their job for them to be maintained and

promoted in a higher rank.

Further scrutiny, there is also an inverse relationship between the extent of

the capability of the respondents in responding to emergencies specifically

along fire operations and income (r = -.350). It means that the respondents

especially the newly hired who have lower income have a higher extent of

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capability in responding to emergencies specifically on fire operations. Since

they are new in the service, they are very eager to learn therefore have

undergone training.

It implies that if they have lower income, they perform better in their

responsibilities as fire rescuers. This is because they want to remain capable in

their job especially during fire operations in order for them to be maintained and

promoted in a higher rank. It also depicts that the other variables did not show

significant relationship with the capability of the BFP in responding to

emergencies, which implies that the respondents have the same capability in

responding to emergencies whether they are young or old, married or single,

with master’s degree or college graduate, with permanent or temporary status

of appointment and with or without trainings.

Carandang, 2014 stated in his report, that Fire Officer I has a salary grade 10

or equivalent to a monthly base pay of Php 14,834.

When one decide to become a firefighter, it is not just because they are only

looking for a job but is willing and have a commitment to become a firefighter

because it is a tough and challenging job that require focus and determination

to serve for the protection of the people.

CONCLUSION

The respondents are highly capable of rendering quality fire operation

procedures. They have the ability to investigate all causes of fires. They have

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properly trained firefighters and adequate firefighting

supplies/equipment/vehicles thus able to respond to emergencies. They are

also responsible for the proper steps to be taken for fire prevention and any

other suppression measures to secure the safety of life and property of the

people in the community.

RECOMMENDATIONS

With the findings of the study, the following recommendations are

forwarded. 1. The very high extent of the capability of the BFP in responding to

emergencies should be maintained by continuously attending the updates or

skills training and assessment particularly the new staff to broaden and deepen

their expertise as firefighters. 2.

The BFP’s Special Rescue Unit should undergo specialized training to

enable them to conduct rescue operations to allow them to mount a proper

response to other catastrophes and/or emergencies instead of only fires per se.

3. BFP personnel should also pursue post graduate studies related to their

work. 4. Local Government Units should allocate funds for the purchase of

more modernized supplies, equipment and vehicle that will significantly boost

the firefighting capacity of the BFP as a whole.

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