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Steel Structures for


Multistorey Buildings
Assignments

Professor: s.l. dr. ing. C. Teleman  

Student: Gafita Constantin‐Flavian 
EFFECTIVE AREA OF LA LIPPED CHANNEL SECTION MEMBER
SUBJECTED TO BENDING MOMENT ON THE MAJOR AXIS

C220/80/25/1.5
fy=250

1. Section Characterstics
N
fy  250
2
mm
5 N
E  2.1 10
2
mm
L  3 m

r  5 mm t  1.5 mm
r < 5t --> 5 t  7.5 ok!!
b  80 mm
bp  b  t  78.5 mm
r
r/bp <0.15 -->  0.064 ok!!
bp
The rounded corners are ignored!
h  220 mm
hp  h  t  218.5 mm
c  25 mm
t
cp  c   24.25 mm
2
2
Ag  t [ hp  2  ( bp  cp) ]  636 mm

yg  34.1 mm e  59.9 mm yc  e  59.9 mm


4 4 4 4
Iy  417.21 10 mm Ix  43.87  10 mm
3 3 3
2cp t  2  bp t  hp t 4
It   477 mm
3
6 6
Cw  5590.68  10 mm
Iy
iy   80.993 mm
Ag

Ix
ix   26.264 mm
Ag
2. Determination of the effective function characteristics

cp  24.25 mm
cp > 0.2bp --> 0.2 bp  15.7 mm ok!!

a) Flange
kσ  4
bp fy
λpbar  1.052    0.95 --> λpbar 0.673 ok!!
t E kσ

ρ   1 
0.22  1
  0.809
 λpbar  λpbar

beff  ρ bp  63.506 mm

beff
beff1   31.753 mm
2
beff2  beff1  31.753 mm

cp
 0.309 --> kσ  0.5
bp

b) Stiffener
3
2
cp
 0.309 (0.35<cp/bp<0.6) --> kσ  0.5  0.83  cp  0.35
 
bp  bp 
cp fy
λpbar  1.052    0.758 --> λpbar 0.673 ok!!
t E kσ

ρ   1    1  0.936
0.22

 λpbar  λpbar

beff  ρ bp  73.487 mm

beff
beff1   36.743 mm
2
beff2  beff1  36.743 mm

ceff  ρ cp  22.701 mm
2
Ar  ( beff2  ceff )  t  89.167 mm

ceff
t beff1  t ceff  0
2
dg   4.336 mm
t beff  t ceff
ceff t
zg   dg   7.765 mm
2 2
3 3 2
 ceff  2   1   zg  6.278  10 mm
beff1 t 2 2  ceff ceff 3 4
Ira   beff1 2  ( zg  1 ) 
12 12  2 
3. The stiffner is considered a beam on elastic supports. The evaluation of the stiffner is
similar to the situation of centric compression

ν  0.3

φ 

6  hp 1  ν  bp
2  0.132
3
E t

fr  bp φ 
3
4  bp  1  ν  2  12.857
3
E t
1
Cr   0.078
fr

The critical buckling bifurcation stress of the edge stiffener with an area Ar:

2  Cr E Ira N
σcrr   227.129
Ar 2
mm

4. The reduced Slenderness of end element:

fy
λrbar   1.049
σcrr

α  0.13

ϕ  0.5 1  α ( λrbar  0.2)  λrbar


2
  1.106
1
χ   0.688
2 2
ϕ ϕ  λrbar

N
σcr  χ fy  171.922
2
mm
5. The effective stress level is raised by reducing pressure

teffr  χ t  1.032 mm

ceffr  ρ cp  22.701 mm

Aref  χ Ar  61.319

I. Iterration

bp σcr
λpbar  1.052    2.036
t E kσ

ρ   1    1  0.438
0.22

 λpbar  λpbar

bp
beffr  ρ  17.198 mm
2
cp σcr
λpbar  1.052    0.629 0.581 < 0.673 --> ρ  1
t E kσ

ceffr  ρ cp  24.25 mm

2
Arr  ( beffr  ceffr)  teffr  42.754 mm

ceffr
t beffr  teffr ceffr 0
2
dg   7.316 mm
teffr beffr  teffr ceffr

ceffr teffr
zg   dg   5.325 mm
2 2
3 3 2
 ceffr 2   1   zg  5.972  10
beffr teffr 2 2  ceffr ceffr 3 4
Ira   beffr 2  ( zg  1 )  mm
12 12  2 
fy
λrbar   1.206
σcr

ϕ  0.5 1  α ( λrbar  0.2)  λrbar


2
  1.292

1
χ   0.569
2 2
ϕ ϕ  λrbar

N
σcr1  χ fy  142.245
2
mm
II. Iterration

bp σcr1
λpbar  1.052    1.852
t E kσ

ρ   1    1  0.476
0.22

 λpbar  λpbar

bp
beffr  ρ  18.679 mm
2
cp σcr1
λpbar  1.052    0.572 0.581 < 0.673 --> ρ  1
t E kσ

ceffr  ρ cp  24.25 mm

2
Arr  ( beffr  ceffr)  teffr  44.283 mm

ceffr
t beffr  teffr ceffr 0
2
dg   7.672 mm
teffr beffr  teffr ceffr

ceffr teffr
zg   dg   4.969 mm
2 2
3 3 2
 ceffr 2   1   zg  6.193  10
beffr teffr 2 2  ceffr ceffr 3 4
Ira   beffr 2  ( zg  1 )  mm
12 12  2 
fy
λrbar   1.326
σcr1

ϕ  0.5 1  α ( λrbar  0.2)  λrbar


2
  1.452

1
χ   0.489
2 2
ϕ ϕ  λrbar

N
σcr1  χ fy  122.306
2
mm

7. EFFECTIVE AREAS
Aeff  χ Arr
Areff  Aeff  t beffr  49.683
8. EFFECTIVE AREAS

a) Effective Area of the Stiffner and Flange:


2
A1  Areff  49.683 mm

b) Effective Area of the Web:


kσ  4

hp fy
λpbar  1.052    2.644
t E kσ
λpbar  0.673  1

ρ   1 
0.22  1
  0.347
 λpbar  λpbar

heff  ρ hp  75.772 mm

heff1  0.4 heff  30.309 mm


heff2  0.6 heff  45.463 mm
2
Aeffw  heff  t  113.659 mm
2
A2  Aeffw  113.659 mm

c) Total Effective Area:


2
A  A1  A2  163.341 mm
LOAD BEARING CAPACITY OF LA LIPPED CHANNEL SECTION MEMBER
SUBJECTED TO CONNCENTRIC COMPRESSION

C220/80/25/1.5
fy=250
Axial Compression Test Results:
Specimen C220/80/25/1.5
Actual Member Length: 2279 mm
Experimental Ultimate Load Nu,exp=138 kN Nuexp  138 kN
Nu,exp/Ny=0.48
Failure Type (experimental): F

1. Section Characterstics
N
fy  250
2
mm
5 N
E  2.1 10
2
mm
L  3 m

r  5 mm t  1.5 mm
r < 5t --> 5 t  7.5 ok!!
b  80 mm
bp  b  t  78.5 mm
r
r/bp <0.15 -->  0.064 ok!!
bp
The rounded corners are ignored!
h  220 mm
hp  h  t  218.5 mm
c  25 mm
t
cp  c   24.25 mm
2
3 2
Ag  2t [ hp  2  ( bp  cp) ]  1.272  10 mm

yg  34.1 mm e  59.9 mm yc  e  59.9 mm


4 4 4 4
Iy  417.21 10 mm Ix  43.87  10 mm
3 3 3
2cp t  2  bp t  hp t 4
It   477 mm
3
6 6
Cw  5590.68  10 mm
Iy
iy   57.271 mm
Ag

Ix
ix   18.571 mm
Ag
2. Determination of the effective function characteristics

cp  24.25 mm
cp > 0.2bp --> 0.2 bp  15.7 mm ok!!

a) Flange
kσ  4
bp fy
λpbar  1.052    0.95 --> λpbar 0.673 ok!!
t E kσ

ρ   1 
0.22  1
  0.809
 λpbar  λpbar

beff  ρ bp  63.506 mm

beff
beff1   31.753 mm
2
beff2  beff1  31.753 mm

cp
 0.309 --> kσ  0.5
bp

b) Stiffener
3
2
cp
 0.309 (0.35<cp/bp<0.6 --> kσ  0.5  0.83  cp  0.35
 
bp  bp 
cp fy
λpbar  1.052    0.758 --> λpbar 0.673 ok!!
t E kσ

ρ   1    1  0.936
0.22

 λpbar  λpbar

beff  ρ bp  73.487 mm

beff
beff1   36.743 mm
2
beff2  beff1  36.743 mm

ceff  ρ cp  22.701 mm
2
Ar  ( beff2  ceff )  t  89.167 mm
ceff
t beff1  t ceff  0
2
dg   4.336 mm
t beff  t ceff

ceff t
zg   dg   7.765 mm
2 2
3 3 2
 ceff  2   1   zg  6.278  10 mm
beff1 t 2 2  ceff ceff 3 4
Ira   beff1 2  ( zg  1 ) 
12 12  2 
3. The stiffner is considered a beam on elastic supports. The evaluation of the stiffner is
similar to the situation of centric compression

ν  0.3

φ 

6  hp 1  ν  bp 
2
 0.132
3
E t

fr  bp φ 
3
4  bp  1  ν  2  12.857
3
E t
1
Cr   0.078
fr

The critical buckling bifurcation stress of the edge stiffener with an area Ar:

2  Cr E Ira N
σcrr   227.129
Ar 2
mm

4. The reduced Slenderness of end element:

fy
λrbar   1.049
σcrr

α  0.13

ϕ  0.5 1  α ( λrbar  0.2)  λrbar


2
  1.106
1
χ   0.688
2 2
ϕ ϕ  λrbar

N
σcr  χ fy  171.922
2
mm
5. The effective stress level is raised by reducing pressure

teffr  χ t  1.032 mm

ceffr  ρ cp  22.701 mm

Aref  χ Ar  61.319

I. Iterration

bp σcr
λpbar  1.052    2.036
t E kσ

ρ   1    1  0.438
0.22

 λpbar  λpbar

bp
beffr  ρ  17.198 mm
2
cp σcr
λpbar  1.052    0.629 0.581 < 0.673 --> ρ  1
t E kσ

ceffr  ρ cp  24.25 mm

2
Arr  ( beffr  ceffr)  teffr  42.754 mm

ceffr
t beffr  teffr ceffr 0
2
dg   7.316 mm
teffr beffr  teffr ceffr

ceffr teffr
zg   dg   5.325 mm
2 2
3 3 2
 ceffr 2   1   zg  5.972  10
beffr teffr 2 2  ceffr ceffr 3 4
Ira   beffr 2  ( zg  1 )  mm
12 12  2 
fy
λrbar   1.206
σcr

ϕ  0.5 1  α ( λrbar  0.2)  λrbar


2
  1.292

1
χ   0.569
2 2
ϕ ϕ  λrbar

N
σcr1  χ fy  142.245
2
mm
II. Iterration

bp σcr1
λpbar  1.052    1.852
t E kσ

ρ   1    1  0.476
0.22

 λpbar  λpbar

bp
beffr  ρ  18.679 mm
2
cp σcr1
λpbar  1.052    0.572 0.581 < 0.673 --> ρ  1
t E kσ

ceffr  ρ cp  24.25 mm

2
Arr  ( beffr  ceffr)  t  64.393 mm

ceffr
t beffr  teffr ceffr 0
2
dg   7.672 mm
teffr beffr  teffr ceffr

ceffr teffr
zg   dg   4.969 mm
2 2
3 3 2
 ceffr 2   1   zg  6.193  10
beffr teffr 2 2  ceffr ceffr 3 4
Ira   beffr 2  ( zg  1 )  mm
12 12  2 
fy
λrbar   1.326
σcr1

ϕ  0.5 1  α ( λrbar  0.2)  λrbar


2
  1.452

1
χ   0.489
2 2
ϕ ϕ  λrbar

N
σcr1  χ fy  122.306
2
mm
7. EFFECTIVE AREAS
a) Effective Area of the Edge Stiffner:
2
Aeffs  ceffr teffr  25.015 mm

b) Effective Area of the Flange:


2
A1  beff1 t  55.115 mm
2
A2  beffr teffr  19.268 mm
2
Aefff  A1  A2  74.383 mm
c) Effective Area of the Web:
kσ  4

hp fy
λpbar  1.052    2.644
t E kσ
λpbar  0.673  1

ρ   1 
0.22  1
  0.347
 λpbar  λpbar

heff  ρ hp  75.772 mm
1
heff1   heff  37.886 mm
2
2
Aeffw  heff1 t  56.829 mm

d) Effective Area of the Half Part of the Flange:


2
Aeff05  Aeffs  Aefff  Aeffw  156.227 mm
2
Aeff  2Aeff05  312.454 mm

8. Loading bearing capacity of the lipped channel section member, subject to concentric
compression:
γM1  1.1
ig  min( ix iy)  18.571 mm

l  2279 mm (member buckling length for flexural buckling, conservatively taken in account
for the actual length of the member L=3 m)
l
λ   122.717
ig

E
λ1  π  91.052
fy
Aeff
βA   0.246
Ag
λ
λbar   βA  0.331
λ1
α  0.34

ϕ  0.5 1  α ( λbar  0.2)  λbar


2
  0.577
1
χ   0.953
2 2
ϕ ϕ  λbar

χ11
fy 4
NbFRd  χ Aeff   6.765  10 N
γM1
9. Loading bearing capacity against flexural - torsional buckling:
32
Ag  1.272 mm
10
2 2 2 2
i0  ix  iy  ( yc  yg)  111.628 mm
9 6
Cw  5.591  10 mm
4
J  It  477 mm
5 N
G  0.81 10
2
mm
3
Let  0.5 l  1.139  10 mm

 π  E Cw 
2
σt 
1 
 G J   565.453
N
2  2  2
Ag i0  Let  mm
3
Ley  l  2.279  10 mm

2
π E 3 N
σEy   1.309  10
2 2
 Ley  mm
 iy 
 
2
β  1  
yc  yg 
  0.291
 i0 

σFT 
1 
 ( σEy  σt) 
2 
( σEy  σt)  4  σEy σt  1.944  10
3 N
2 β 2
mm
N
σk  min( σt σFT)  565.453
2
mm
fy
λbar   0.665
σk
ϕ  0.5 1  α ( λbar  0.2)  λbar
2
  0.8
ϕ11
fy 4
NbFTRd  χ Aeff   6.765  10 N
γM1
3
NbRd  min( NbFRd NbFTRd )  10  67.646 kN
Nuexp Nuexp
 2.04 11
NbRd NbRd

Concluding Remarks:

1. The effective area of a member cross-section, used to evaluate in load bearing capacity in
axial compression, was evaluated via complete itterative procedure.

2. As the initial condition for its application was satisfied, the simplified method prescribed by
[1] to calculate effective areas near edge stiffeners was also applied. As expected, the use of
the simplified method has yielded a conservative result compared to the complete itterative
procedure.

3. Though also estimated, the shift of effectiven section neutral axis was judged to be
neglectable for practical design, so that member strength was calculated against axial
compression only.

4. The theoretical prediction for member strength was compared with experimental ultimate
load obtained by Batista for the same member [2]. As their ratio results greater then unity, the
theoretical prediction obtained by EC3 - 1.3 procedure in the safe side.

5. Theoretically predicted and experimentally resulted failure modes of the member are
identical in this case.
Design of trapezoidal sheeting
LVP 45, t=0.7 mm

Problem: To design the roof checking under snow load and wind suction loading repectively
for a multi-span checking on purlins at 1.67 m centres.

Data: Design profile:


b0  77 mm bb  180 mm
t  0.7 mm
l  1670 mm
bu  47 mm
h  43 mm
r  3 mm
N
Yield strenght: fy  250
2
mm
kN
Weight of sheeting, insulation etc: g  0.25
2
m
kN
Snow load: s  0.75
2
m
kN
Wind suction: w  0.40
2
m
Load factors: γg  1.35
γp  1.5
γw  1.5
Resistance factor: γM  1.1

1. Calculation procedure:
Step 1: Check the limit of geometrical properties
Inclination of the web
φ  atan2    0.994
h
 rad
 ( bb  bu  b0)
180
φ  φ  56.929 φ > 50 deg
π
Lenght of the web:
π
φ  φ  0.994 rad
180
h
sw   51.313 mm
sin( φ)
b0
 110 mm < 500 mm
t

sw
 73.304 mm < 500 mm
t
Step 2: Check the rounding of corners
r
 4.286 < 5
t
r
 0.064 < 0.15
bu

Step 3: Check the effect of flange curving


b0 sw
 110 < 250   166.6
t b0

Step 4: Check the effect of shear lag


l
 21.688 > 20
b0

2. Bending moment capacity:


2.1 Pozitive bending moment:
N
kσ  4 E  210000
2
mm
b0 fy
λpbar  1.052    1.996
t E kσ

 1  0.22 
 
ρ 
 λpbar 
 0.446
λpbar

bef  ρ b0  34.32 mm

h bu
sw  h
2 2 h
ec   22.982 mm <  21.5
bef bu 2
 sw 
2 2
New position of neutral axis
O  fy t 
bef ( h  2  ec ) bu
    490.505
 2 sin( φ ) 2

[ 2  h  ( bef  bu)  sin( φ) ]


ec   24.157 mm
4
Check the effective width of the web

E
sef1  0.76 t  15.419 mm
fy

sef2  1.5 sef1  23.128 mm


ec
sef1  sef2  38.547 mm >  28.826
sin( φ)

Inner bending  moment h


 ( h  2  ec ) 
 bef  ec 2
ec  2 2 bu ( h  ec ) 
    
Md1  fy t
 2 3  sin( φ) sin( φ) 2   1.886  105 N mm
γM

- bending moment resistance:

Md1   Md1    10 3  1.754 kNm


2
h 10  m
 
 2 

2.2 Negative bending moment

Effective width bef of the compression flange

bu fy
λpbar  1.052    1.219
t E kσ

 1  0.22 
 
ρ 
 λpbar 
 0.672
λpbar

bef  ρ bu  31.607 mm

Approximate position of the neutral axis

h b0
sw  h
2 2 h
ec   26.12 mm <  21.5 mm
bef b0 2
 sw 
2 2
Effective width of the web:
E
sef1  0.76 t  15.419 mm
fy

sef2  1.5 sef1  23.128 mm


ec
sef1  sef2  38.547 mm >  47.868 mm
cos( φ)

Section modulus:
2 2
 sw   ec 
b0 2 h h
bef 2 4 3
Iefy   ( h  ec )  sw  ec  3.075  10 mm
2 12 2  2
3
t cm
Wefy  2  Iefy  9.157
ec  bb m

Bending moment resistance


3
Wefy 10
Md2  fy
γM
kNm
Md2  2.081
m

2.3 Effective stiffness at serviceability state

Compression stress
fy N
σc   166.667
1.5 2
mm
Effective width and the neutral position of neutral axis
b0 σc
λpd  1.052    1.63
t E kσ

 1  0.22 
 
ρ 
 λpd 
 0.531
λpd

befd  ρ b0  40.863 mm

h bu
sw  h
2 2 h
ec   22.193 mm <  21.5 mm
befd bu 2
 sw 
2 2
Tension stress
h  ec N
σt  σc  156.263
ec 2
mm
 befd ec2 2 2
2 10
4 4
 sw   ec 
h h bu cm
Idef  2  t   sw  ( h  ec )    26.29
 2 12 2  2  0.15 m

3. Shear resistance

Related slenderness

sw fy
λw  0.346    0.875
t E

Ultimate shear stress and shear force


N
τsp  0.58 fy  145
2
mm

t 3
vsp  τsp sw  4.735  10 N/web
γM

sin( φ) 4 N
Vd  2  vsp  5.29  10
0.15 m

4. Resistance against web cripplling:

αtA  0.075 αtB  0.15

lα  10 mm

  φ    10 3  6.991
2
2  r  lα  kN
Rd  t  fy E  1  0.1    0.5  0.02   2.4   
 t  t   90   web

End support:
2 kN
RdA  αtA Rd  6.991
αtB m

2 kN
RdB  αtB Rd  13.981
αtB m
5. Design:
kN
q  γg  g  γp  s  1.462
2
m
3
l  l 10  1.67 m
kN
RA  0.4 q  l  0.977
m
kN
RB  1.1 q  l  2.687
m
2 kNm
M1  0.08 q  l  0.326
m
2 kNm
MB  0.1 q  l  0.408
m

Safety Requirments:
- support Reactions:
RA
 0.14 < 1.00
RdA

RB
 0.192 < 1.00
RdB
- bending moments:
M1
 0.186 < 1.00
Md1
MB
 0.196 < 1.00
Md2

MB RB
  0.388 < 1.25
Md2 RdB

4. Serviceability:

J  9.21
2
6 kN cm
E J  1.934  10
m

Both of the load and the resistance factor are assumed to be γ = 1:


γ  1
kN
q  γ g  γ s  1
2
m
2
l kNm
M0  γ  0.349
8 m

maximum diflection of the outer span:


2 7
M0 l  10
δ   0.276 cm
18.2 E J

l  l 100  167 cm

δ 3 l
 1.654  10 <  0.278
l 600

Composite Slab Design

Problem: Design of a composite slab with 2 spans of 2.5 m each. L  2.5 m

Data: Design profile:


b0  77 mm bb  180 mm
t  0.7 mm
l  1670 mm
bu  47 mm
h  43 mm
r  3 mm
N
Yield strenght: fy  250 γap  1.1
2
mm
Concrete plate:
hc  80 mm hs  hc  h  123 mm

Concrete Material Characteristics:


N
C30/37: fck  30 concrete cover: s=20 mm
2
mm
s  20 mm
N
fctk005  2
2
mm
N
Ecm  32000
2
mm

γc  1.5
Steel Reinforcement Characteristics:
type of reinforcement: reinforcement net STNB
N
fsk  450
2
mm

γs  1.15

LOADS:
kN
Gd  5.5
m
kN
Qd  5.25
m

1. Analysis of internal forces :

a) Maximum Bending Moment in Span:


2 kNm
M1max  ( 0.07 Gd  0.096  Qd)  L  5.556
m
2 kNm
MB  ( 0.125  Gd  0.063  Qd)  L  6.364
m
b) Maximum Bending Moment in Support:
2 kNm
MBmax  [ ( 0.125 )  Gd  ( 0.125 )  Qd]  L  8.398
m
2 kNm
M1  0.07 ( Qd  Gd)  L  4.703
m
kN
VB  1.25 ( Qd  Gd)  L  33.594
m
kN
VA  0.375  ( Qd  Gd)  L  10.078
m
kN
VC  VA  10.078
m

c) Reducing of the Bending Moment on B Support and Redistribution:


kNm
MplRd  9.399
m
kNm
MBred  MplRd  9.399
m
kNm
ΔM  MBmax  MplRd  1.001
m
ΔM kN
ΔVA   0.334
3 m
kN
VApr  VA  ΔVA  9.745
m
kN
VCpr  VApr  9.745
m
kN
VBpr  ( Gd  Qd)  2  L  VApr  VCpr  34.261
m

VApr
d   0.906 m
( Gd  Qd)
2
d kNm
Md  VApr  d  ( Gd  Qd)   4.417
2 m

d) Design Values of the Internal Forces:


kNm
Msdminus  MBred  9.399
m
kNm
Msdplus  M1max  5.556
m
kN
Vsdi  VBpr  34.261
m
kN
Vsde  VApr  9.745
m

2. Verification of ULS:
a) The Carring Bending Moments:
Characteristic data of the sheeting

b0  77 mm bb  180 mm
t  0.7 mm
lob  49
tef  0.65
l  1670 mm
bu  47 mm
b  1000 mm
h  43 mm
r  3 mm

2    lob tef   
bu tef  0 b0 tef  ( h  tef ) h tef
  
xg 
 2 2 2 2   24.036 mm
bu tef  b0 tef  2  lob tef

2
A  bu tef  b0 tef  2  lob  tef  144.3 mm

b 2
Ap  A  801.667 mm
bb
Ap fy
γap
xc   10.717 mm fy  250
fck
b  0.85 Ap  801.667
γc

dp  hs  xg  98.964 mm

Ap fy  dp 
xc  3
  10
MpRdplus 
 2   1.251  10
4 Nmm
γp m

3 3 Nmm
Msdplus 10  5.556  10 ok!!
m

2
mm
As  246
m
fsk
As
γs
b00   528.334 mm
0.85 fck xc
γc

fsk
As
γs
xs   1.929 mm
b fck
0.85 b00  
bb γc
xs
z  hs   ( s)  102.035 mm
2

As fsk 6 Nmm


MpRdminus   z  9.822  10
γs m
ok!!
6 6 Nmm
Msdminus 10  9.399  10
m

b) Design of Vertical Shear:


3
kv  1.6  dp 10  1.501 m

Ap 3
ρ   2.76  10 < 0.2 ok!!
b
b00   dp
bb
b 0.25 2 3 3 kN Vsdi kN
VvRd  b00  dp   1.2 10  174.286 >  17.13 ok!!
bb 1.5 2 m 2 m
b 0.25 2 L 3
VvRd  b00  dp   ( 1.2  40 ρ)  10  158.599
bb 1.5 2

Vsde  9.745 ok !!

c ) Design to longitudinal shear:

m  170 k  0.04

γvs  1.25 Lpr  0.9 L

Lpr
Ls 
4

 dp  m   2.397  104 N


3 Ap 1
Vird  b  10  k 
 b  Ls γvs  m

3 3 N
Vsde 10  9.745  10
m ok !!

3. Verification od SLS

a) Inertioa Moments

n  9.84

2
 b00  h   hs 
hc h
b   n Ap dp
xm 
2  2
 56.837
b  hc  b00  h  n  Ap

4 4
Ip  52.2 10 mm

2
b  hc  xm 
hc 
3  3 2
I1 
b  hc

 2   b00  h  b0 h   h  xm  h 2
   Ap ( dp  xm)  Ip
12 n n 12 n n  2

6 4
I1  9.361  10 mm

n  Ap   1  2 b  dp   32.405 mm
xc   1   
b   n  Ap 
2
b  xc 
xc 
3 
I2 
b  xc

 2   Ap ( dp  xc) 2  Ip  5.226  106 mm4
12 n n

I1  I2 6 2
Im   7.294  10 mm
2

b) Diflection calculus:
N 3 5
Gks  1000 L  L 1000  2.5  10 mm E  2.1  10
2
m
kN
Qd  5.25
2
m

Qd 1000 3 kN
Qk   3.5  10
1.5 2
m

4 2
0.0047 L  Gks 10
δ1   1.199 mm
E Im

4 2
0.0085 Qk L  10
δ2   7.587 mm
E Im

δ  δ1  δ2  8.786 mm

L
δmax   12.5 mm
200

c) Checking of Concrete to Cracking:


4 2
Act  56.5 1000  5.65  10 mm
N N
kc  0.7 fcteff  3 σs  450
2 2
k  0.8 mm mm

Act 2
As  kc k  fcteff   210.933 mm < 246 mm ^2
σs
4 2
Act  40 1000  4  10 mm
Act 2
As  kc k  fcteff   149.333 mm < 246 mm ^2
σs

---> we will use Φ5/100 ---> As= 196 mm^2


Plastic Resistance Calculation for a
Simply Supported Composite Beam

HEA 450 Steel Profile


2
h  440 mm A  17800 mm
bf  300 mm 5 4
Iy  6372  10 mm
tw  11.5 mm
3 3
Weiy  2900  10 mm
tf  21 mm
3 3
r  27 mm Wply  3216  10 mm
d  344 mm 5 4
Iz  947  10 mm
c  150 mm
3 3
Wz  631  10 mm
kN
Gs  1.40
m 2
Avz  6578 mm
4 2
It  245  10 mm
N
fy  235
2
mm
N
fu  360
2
mm
N
E  210000
2
mm
γs  1.1

Reinforcement Characteristics:
N
fyk  350
2
mm

5 N
E  2.1  10
2
mm

γst  1.15
Connectors Characteristics:
N
dc  19 mm fug  450
2
dce  30 mm mm

hcon  100 mm γw  1.25


N
fyg  380
2
mm
Beam Characteristics: Concrete Characteristics C25/30:
N
tc  130 mm B  3 m (distance between beams) fck  25
2
kN mm
Gk  15 γc  1.5
m
N
kN Ecm  30500
Qk  33 2
m mm
L  10 m (beam length) N
fctk005  1.8
2
mm
Reinforcement Characteristics: dref  14 mm

1. ULS Calculus:

a) Effective Width of Concrete Flange:


L
bel   1.25 m
8
B3 m
beff  min( 2  bel B)  2.5 m

b) Permanent Actions:
kN
Gk1  Gs  1.4
m
Gk2  B  3.64  10.92kN (the beam is part of a plate in a civil building - panel weight)

Gk3  B  0.95  2.85 kN (floor finishing)


kN
Gk  Gk1  Gk2  Gk3  15.17
m
c) Variable Action:
kN
qk  11
2
m
kN
Qk  qk  B  33
m

d) Design Values:
γG  1.35 γQ  1.5
kN
Gd  γG  Gk  20.48
m

kN
Qd  γQ  Qk  49.5
m

kN
Pd  Gd  Qd  69.98
m
e) Design of Internal Forces:
Pd  L
Vsdmax   349.898 kN
2
2
Pd  L
Msdmax   874.744 kNm
8

f) Position of Plastic Neutral Axis:


beff  tc  fck 3
Fprc   5.417  10 kN
γc
fy 3
Fa  A   3.803  10 kN
3
γs  10

Fa
z   107.371 mm < tc  130 mm
fck
0.85  beff 
γc
fck 3
Fc  0.85  beff  z   3.803  10 kN
γc

g) Class of the Steel Profile is Class 1 because is in totality tensioned

h) Pozitive Plastic Resistent Moment:


h z
e1   tc   296.314 mm
2 2
3 3
MplRd  Fa  e1  10  1.127  10kNm

g) Vertical Shear Resistance:


3 2
Av  A  2  bf  tf  ( tw  2  r)  tf  6.575  10 mm
fy 1
VplRd  Av    811.042 kN
3 3
γs  10
d d
 29.913 ε  1  69  ε  1 --> class 1
tw tw
h tc
e2    285 mm
2 2
E
n  2   13.77
Ecm
3 5 2
Ac  beff  10  tc  3.25  10 mm
Ac 4
A1  A   4.14  10
n
e2
e3  A   122.533 mm
A1
8 4
Ia  Iy  6.372  10 mm
3
beff  tc 5 4
Ieff   4.577  10 mm
12

I1  Ia  A  ( e2  e3) 
2 1
n

 Ieff  Ac  e3
2   1.461  109 4
mm

h) Elastic calculus is not needed because the sections is a class 1 section and it works in plastic
domain

i ) Bending Resistance Verification:

Msdmax  MplRd  1

j) Shear Resistance Verification:

Vsdmax  VplRd  1

2. Serviciability Limit State:


a) Service Actions:
kN
Gk  15.17
m
kN
Qk  33
m
b) Permanent Action Deflection:

 
4
3
5 ( Gk1  Gk2 )  L  10
δ1pr    11.988 mm
384 E  Iy

 
4
3
5 Gk3  L  10
δ1sec    1.209 mm
384 E  I1

δ1  δ1pr  δ1sec  13.197 mm

c) Variable Action Deflection:

 
4
3
5 Qk  L  10
δ2   δ2  14.001 mm
384 E  I1

d) Maximum Deflection:

δmax  δ1  δ2  27.198 mm
e) Deflection Verification:
3
L  10
δ2  1
300

3
L  10
δmax  1
250

3. Calculus of Shear Connectors:

a) Design Longitudinal Shear Internal Force:

3
Fef1  Fa  3.803  10 kN
3
Fef2  Fprc  5.417  10 kN

3
V1  min( Fa Fprc)  3.803  10 kN

b) Connector Shear Resistance:


2 3
π  dc 10
Prd1  0.8  fug    81.656 kN
4 γw

α  1
3
2 10
Prd2  0.29  α  dc  fck  Ecm   73.133 kN
γw

Prd  min( Prd1 Prd2 )  73.133 kN

c) Number of Connectors Within a Critical Length:


V1
N   51.997 ---> there will be disposed a number of 52 connectors on 2 rows
Prd at the distance of 200 mm
N  52

s  200 mm
6
fy  10
MaplRd  Wply   687.055 kNm
γs

MplRd  2.5  MaplRd  1

d) Transverse Reinforcement:
2
Aev  1  tc  130 mm

η  1
fctk005 N
τrd  0.25   0.3
γc 2
mm
2 2
π  dref π  dref

4 4
Ae 
s
fyk N
VRd1  2.5  Aev  η  τrd  Ae   587.303
γs mm

Aev  η N
VRd2  0.2   fck  433.333
γc mm

3 kN
VRda  min( VRd1 VRd2)  10  0.433
mm

e) Reinforcement Resistance Verification:


Prd kN
Vsda   0.366
s mm

Vsda  VRda  1

f) Slab Design Resistance to Longitudinal Shear

hcon  100 mm sg  140 mm dce  30 mm

dce
lbb  2  hcon  sg  2   370 mm
2
2
Aev1  1  lbb  370 mm

fyk N
VRd11  2.5  Aev1  η  τrd  Ae   767.303
γs mm

Aev1  η 3 N
VRd22  0.2   fck  1.233  10
γc mm

3 kN
VRdb  min( VRd11 VRd22 )  10  0.767
mm
g) Reinforcement Resistance Verification:
Prd
Vsdb  2   0.731
s
Vsdb  VRdb  1
4. Angle Rigid Connectors:

a) Design Shear Force:


3
V1  3.803  10 kN

Angle Connector Dimensions:


b=200 mm
h= 80 mm

3 2
4 3 3
10  200  80  fck  10
Prdc   365.93 kN
γw

b) Number of Connectors:
V1
N   10.392 --> it results that we mount 11 connectors at a distance of 500 mm
Prdc

N  11 s1  500 mm

c) Shear Resistance Verification:


2
dref 2
Ae1  π   153.938 mm
4
fyk
Ae1   0.1  Prdc  1
γs
d) Connectors Weld Verification:

βw  0.8

γMw  1.25

fu
3 N
fvwd   207.846
βw  γMw 2
mm

a  6 mm

l  200 mm l = b (the lenght of the angle connector)

Fw  1.2  Prdc  2  fvwd  a  l  1

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