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Abstract – The DC to DC converter are electronics voltage and power factor is called as lagging. In
devices used whenever there is change in DC electrical capacitive circuit, current leads the voltage and the
power efficiently from one voltage level to another. When power factor is called as leading.
the supply voltage is too high or too low, the equipment
fails to operate at maximum efficiency. So, in some
application boost converter will used to change level of
voltage from low to high. There are two types of boost
converter. They are single boost and dual boost converter.
By applying same dc input voltage from bridge rectifier to
both boost converters, then different voltages for both boost
converters will obtained. But dual boost output voltage
should be greater than single boost output voltage and it
should be Vo>Vi. If a electrical device has a power factor
less than 1, that means more input current must be supplied
for a given output power dissipation and more powerful
source is required to deliver the required output power. Fig1:Power Triangle
Hence, there is a continuous need for power factor
improvement and reduction of line current harmonics. The Power Factor = (1)
aim of this paper is to develop a circuit for power factor
correction by implementing two boost converters arranged
in parallel to boost the input voltage, improve the power A. Linear Systems
factor device and current quality for reducing current In a linear system, the load draws purely
harmonics & switching losses.
sinusoidal current and voltage; hence power factor is
Key words – Boost converter, Dual boost converter, power determined by the phase difference between voltage
factor correction (PFC), MATLAB. and current.
B. Nonlinear Systems
I. INTRODUCTION In a nonlinear system like power electronics
An ac to dc converter consisting of a diode system, due to the nonlinear behavior of the active
bridge rectifier with a large output filter capacitor is switching of power devices, the phase angle alone is
cheap, but demands a harmonic rich ac line current. not valid. A nonlinear load draws distorted line
As a result, the input power factor is poor [1]. current from the line. For sinusoidal voltage and non-
Various power factor correction (PFC) techniques are sinusoidal current the PF is given as follows :
used to overcome these power quality problem [2].
The boost converter topology has been used in
Power Factor = (2)
various ac/dc and dc/dc applications. In fact, the ac/dc
power supplies with power factor correction (PFC) is
almost implemented with boost topology [4], [7], [8]. =
The use of power factor correction is necessary in
order to comply the recent international standards, Power Factor = (3)
such as IEC-1000-3-2 and IEEE-519 [5]. This paper
introduces Dual boost PFC converter which provides = , ← [0,1]
high boost factor and proper controlling [5]. Here
Where, is the displacement factor of the voltage
Average Current Control method is used for better
and current. is the purity or distortion factor.
control. This paper initially involves simulation of
basic power electronic conventional rectifier circuits Another important parameter that measures the
and the analysis of the current and voltage percentage of distortion is known as the current total
waveforms. harmonic distortion (THDi). Which is given as
follows :
II. POWER FACTOR WITH LOADS
= (4)
Power factor is defined as the cosine of the
angle between voltage and current in an ac circuit. If
the circuit is inductive, the current lags behind the
V.PURPOSE OF PFC
Low power factor means poor electrical efficiency, the
higher the apparent power drawn from the distribution
network. When an electric load has a PF lower than 1,
the apparent power delivered to the load is greater
than the real power which the load consumes. Only
real power capable of doing work, but apparent power
determines the amount of power that flows into the
load. In power system, wasted energy capacity also
known as poor power factor. It can result in poor
Fig2 :Phase uncontrolled rectifier
reliability, safety problems and higher energy costs.
B. Controlled Rectifiers The lower power factor means the less economically
Controlled rectifiers are used in variable speed the system operates. So for this reason, power factor
DC drives, DC power plants, induction heating and correction is necessary [5].
welding furnace control, etc. Fig3 shows the circuit Power factor correction circuit is to minimize
diagram of single phase fully controlled rectifier. And the input current waveform distortion and make it in
it is normally connected to a smoothing inductor on phase with the voltage one.
the DC side. Thus output current of controlled rectifier A. Active PFC
could be considered as constant. Voltage distortions It is the most effective way to correct power
takes place due to two factors namely, commutation factor of electronics supplies. In this approach place
notches and voltage clamping. different Active PFC converters between the bridge
rectifier and the load. The converter tries to maintain a
IV.NEED FOR IMPROVEMENT OF POWER constant DC output voltage and draws a current that is
FACTOR in phase with and at the same frequency as the line
Conventional AC rectification is a inefficient process, voltage.
resulting in waveform distortion of the current drawn Active PFC has following main Advantages:
from the mains. This produces large harmonics signals Active wave shaping of the input current.
that may interfere with other equipment. At higher Filtering of the high frequency switching.
power level severe interference with other electronics Feedback sensing of the source current for
equipment may become apparent due to these waveform control.
harmonics sent into the power utility line. Feedback control to regulate output voltage.
Conventional AC rectification has following main
disadvantages:
(a)
Fig 10: Power factor
(b)
Fig 8: (a) Input voltage and (b) Input current waveforms
(a)
(a)
Fig 15 : Power Factor
VIII: CONCLUSION
The power factor correction with different
converters are simulated with MATLAB simulink. In
this paper conventional converter, boost converter and
dual boost converter using current mode control are
discussed. It is noticed that the power factor is better
for dual boost converter circuit. And it is noticed that
THD is less for dual boost converter. This can be
further improved by using PI and Fuzzy controllers.
REFERENCES
Fig 19 :output voltage as a function of time
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Fig 20 : Power factor Science, Bangalore, India, “ Average Current mode of high
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