Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Situation Analysis

Sanitation generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of

human urine and feces. Inadequate sanitation is a major cause of disease world-wide and

improving sanitation is known to have a significant beneficial impact on health both in households

and across communities. The word 'sanitation' also refers to the maintenance of hygienic

conditions, through services such as garbage collection and wastewater disposal. (WHO, 2015)

Water is a necessity, and an important resource for sustaining life. The decline in water

quality endangers the health of humans as well as the ecosystem. Clean drinking water, hygiene,

and sanitation play an important part in maintaining health.

Contaminated water causes many water-borne infections like diarrhea and serves as a

carrier for vectors such as mosquitoes spreading epidemics. Open defecation means no sanitation.

It fouls the environment, and spreads diseases. Access to safe drinking water and good sanitation

are vital for family well-being. It results in control of enteric diseases, and boosts child health. A

healthy child has better learning and retaining ability. Girls avoid going to school where there are

no proper sanitation measures.

Clean drinking water and good sanitation would not prevent infections without practicing

good hygiene. A simple habit of washing hands goes a long way towards preventing diseases. The

stored water supply may also serve as a source of infection in the absence of hygiene. (Ancharya

K., 2017)
 Health risks are often exacerbated by poor sanitation. Diseases due to poor drinking-water

access, unimproved sanitation, and poor hygiene practices cause 4.0% of all deaths and 5.7% of

all disability or ill health in the world. About 80% of urban dwellers have access to piped drinking

water and 96% have access to improved drinking water sources. However, often the bacteriological

quality of this water remains poor; more than 50% of urban residents in developing countries are

still affected at one time or another by diseases related to insufficient access to safe drinking-water

and improved sanitation. (WHO, 2018)

Adequate drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene are all essential ingredients to ensure

human health. The same is true for proper wastewater management, which is a basic prerequisite

for environmental health. Improving upon these services will bring economic gains while also

helping to build resilience given increasing climate variability. The WHO estimates the total global

economic loss per annum resulting from poor water supply and sanitation at 260 billion US

Dollars. Per World Bank studies, countries in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as Bangladesh and India,

on average lose more than 4% and 6% of their Gross Domestic Product (GDP), respectively, due

to inadequate sanitation. The evidence is clear: poor sanitation and inadequate water supply play

a role in keeping countries poor. Water, sanitation (including wastewater) and hygiene must be

given greater priority in the health community. (Eid, U.; Finan, R., 2015)

About 20 million Filipinos, or more than a quarter of the Philippine population, were

exposed to poor sanitation in 2004. Moreover, with an average population growth of more than

2% per annum, an additional 2 million people will require adequate and clean sanitation facilities

each year. These facts raise serious concerns because poor sanitation has a wide variety of

negative impacts. Sanitation is often a neglected aspect of development in developing countries.

This in part explains the lack of reliable data and research to verify the significant burden
imposed by poor sanitation on society. This study attempts to address these shortcomings by

conducting a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the impacts of poor sanitation on health,

water, other welfare indicators, and tourism. ()

Framework of the Study

The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 aims to protect the country’s water bodies from

pollution from land-based sources (industries and commercial establishments, agriculture and

community/household activities). It provides for a comprehensive and integrated strategy to

prevent and minimize pollution through a multi-sectoral and participatory approach involving all

the stakeholders.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8509 - AN ACT CONVERTING THE MUNICIPALITY OF SAN

FERNANDO, LA UNION, INTO A COMPONENT CITY TO BE KNOWN AS THE CITY OF SAN

FERNANDO ARTICLE0 I GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec. 6. Jurisdiction of the City. — The jurisdiction of the City of San Fernando, for police purposes

only, shall be coextensive with its territorial jurisdiction, and for the purpose of protecting and

insuring the purity of the water supply of the City, such police jurisdiction shall also extend over

all territory within the drainage area of such water supply, or within one hundred (100) meters of

any reservoir, conduit, canal, aqueduct or pump station used in connection with the City water

service. The city court of the City shall have concurrent jurisdiction with the city or municipal

courts of adjoining municipalities or cities, to try crimes and misdemeanors committed within said

drainage area, or within said spaces of one hundred (100) meters. The court first taking cognizance

of such an offense shall have jurisdiction to try said cases to the exclusion of others. Any license
that may be issued within said zone, area or spaces shall be granted by the proper authorities of

the city or municipality concerned, and the fees arising therefrom shall accrue to the treasury of

the said city or municipality.

Sec. 6. Jurisdiction of the City. — The jurisdiction of the City of San Fernando, for police purposes

only, shall be coextensive with its territorial jurisdiction, and for the purpose of protecting and

insuring the purity of the water supply of the City, such police jurisdiction shall also extend over

all territory within the drainage area of such water supply, or within one hundred (100) meters of

any reservoir, conduit, canal, aqueduct or pump station used in connection with the City water

service. The city court of the City shall have concurrent jurisdiction with the city or municipal

courts of adjoining municipalities or cities, to try crimes and misdemeanors committed within said

drainage area, or within said spaces of one hundred (100) meters. The court first taking cognizance

of such an offense shall have jurisdiction to try said cases to the exclusion of others. Any license

that may be issued within said zone, area or spaces shall be granted by the proper authorities of

the city or municipality concerned, and the fees arising therefrom shall accrue to the treasury of

the said city or municipality.

Chapter IV Sec. 34 Prescribed Standards of Construction – The construction of markets and

abattoirs shall conform to standards prescribed by the department. These standards shall be set

along the following guidelines:

1. Suitability of site insofar as elimination of nuisance conditions and prevention of

contamination are concerned;

2. Availability of ample water supply for cleaning;

 3. Accessibility of adequate drainage facilities;

4. Durability of construction to protect vendors and customers from any hazard and exposure

to the elements of; and

5. Facilities for sanitation maintenance, such as cleaning and elimination of harborages of

vermin.

Sec. 35. Responsibility of the Local Health Authority

a. On Markets

1. Make periodic inspections to ascertain the maintenance of adequate sanitary conditions

of markets and their premises.

2. Supervise and control the proper care and use of market stalls;

3. Prohibit the construction of living quarters within any market and its premises;

4. Enforce the ban on construction of partitions, sheds, or booths within the market area.

b. On Abattoirs

1. Supervise the maintenance of adequate sanitation in abattoir and their premises;

2. Enforce the requirements on the examination of meat as provided in existing laws;

3. Permit the slaughter of animals for public consumption in other designated areas in

certain exigencies, provided public health is adequately protected;

4. Supervise the sanitary disposal of all abattoirs waste; and

5. Ensure that only healthy animals shall be slaughtered, and that the method of

slaughtering, the techniques of dressing and the sorting, handling and transporting

procedures are in accordance with prescribed standards.

Statement of the Problem

This study generally aimed to determine the water sanitation of the public market

located in the City of San Fernando, La Union. Specifically, it sought to answer the following

questions:

1. What is the current situation of the water sanitation system in the city market of San Fernando

specifically in the following areas:

2. What are the setbacks encountered in the City of San Fernando Public Market in the

maintenance of water situation?

3 What are the existing water sanitize program of the city of the San Fernando particularly in the

market.

4. What are the plans of city government to attain sustainable water sanitation?

Definition of Terms

1. Sanitation – the development and application of sanitary measures for the sake of

cleanliness protecting health etc.

2. WHO – World Health Organization primary role is to direct international health within the

united nations system and to lead partners in global health responses.

3. Gross domestic product (GDP) is the monetary value of all the finished goods and services

produced within a country's borders in a specific time period.

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gdp.asp

4.