Endocrine Pharmacology

Hendra Wana Nur’amin, dr., M.Sc

Department of Pharmacology
Faculty of Medicine
Lambung Mangkurat University

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 Endocrine System
Basic Principles Hormonal regulation ↑↓
• Uses chemical signals • Growth & development
(hormones) for cell to • Reproduction, fertility,
cell communication sexual function
• Coordinates the • Response to
function of cells environmental
• Response to an situations (stress..)
endocrine signal occurs • Maintenance of normal
within minutes to hours homeostasis
(ductless glands)

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 Hormone
• A substance that is released in one tissue and
travels through the circulation (usually) to the
target tissue.
• Hormones reach all parts of the body, but only
target cells are equipped to respond
• Hormones are secreted in small amounts and
often in bursts (pulsatile secretion)

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• Hormones
– Cell to cell
communication
molecules
– Made in glands or
cells
– Transported by
blood
– Distant or local
target tissue
receptors
– Activates
physiological
response

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 4 Classes of Hormones
• Peptide/Protein (Range from 3 amino acids to
hundreds of amino acids in size. )
• Steroid
• Amine (Thyroid hormones and
Catecholamines)
• Eicosanoid (Fatty acid derivatives )

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 Topics
• Pituitary and hypothalamic hormones
• Thyroid and antithyroid Drugs
• Adrenal Drugs
• Pancreatic Drugs
• Gonadal hormones and inhibitors

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• The hormones fall into two Location of receptors
general classes based on • On cell surface: Peptides
their solubility in water. and proteins
– The water soluble {amine • In cytoplasm: Steroids
(epinephrine) and
peptide/protein hormones} • In nucleus: Thyroid
are secreted by exocytosis, hormones
travel freely in the
bloodstream, and bind to cell-
surface receptors.
– The lipid soluble hormones {
thyroid hormone, steroid
hormones and Vitamin D3}.
diffuse across cell
membranes, travel in the
bloodstream bound to
transport proteins, and
diffuse through the
membrane of target cells .

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 Hypothalamic & Pituitary Hormones

Cerebrum
Pineal Thalamus
gland Hypothalamus
Cerebellum Pituitary
Spinal cord gland

Hypothalamus
Posterior
pituitary
Anterior
pituitary
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 Hypothalumus Ant. pituitary Post. Pituitary

Growth hormone-releasing
hormone(GHRH) +
Growth Hormone (GH), Antidiuretic Hormone
Growth hormone-releasing
inhibiting hormone
(GHRIH)_
Somatostatin
Thyrotropin-releasing Thyroid Stimulating
hormone (TRH)+ Hormone (TSH), Oxytocin

Corticotropin-releasing Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (CRH)+ Hormone (ACTH),

Gonadotropin-releasing Follicle-stimulating
hormone (GnRH)+ Hormone (FSH),
Luteinizing Hormone(LH).

Dopamine _ Prolactin,
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 Pituitary Hormones

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 THYROID

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 DIABETES

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 Steroid Hormones
Gonadal / Sex Hormones
• Estrogens
• Progestins
• Androgens
Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex
• Adrenocoticosteroids: glucocorticoids,
mineralocorticoids
• Adrenal Androgens

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 References
• Katzung BG, Trevor AJ. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology by Bertram G.
Katzung 13th Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc, 2015
• Golan DE, Tashjian AH, Armstrong EJ, Armstrong AW. Principles of
Pharmacology The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy. 2012.
• Goodman & Gilman’s Manual of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
12th ed, 2011
• DiPiro JT, et al. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach 7th
Ed. San Fransisco: McGraw Hill, 2008
• Wells BG, DiPiro JT. Schwinghammer TL, DiPiro CV.
Pharmacotherapy Handbook 9th Ed. San Fransisco: McGraw Hill,
2015
• Finkel R, Cubeddu LX, Clark MA. Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews:
Pharmacology, 4th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009
• Lullmann H, Mohr K, Hein L, Bieger D. Color Atlas of Pharmacology
3rd Ed. New York: Thieme Stuttgart, 2005

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Contact: hendranuramin@gmail.com

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