CDMA RF Planning Unit 1

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n CDMA Wireless Network Planning Process

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 Main Content

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n Reasons for Network Planning

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n Aim of Network Planning

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n Steps in Network Planning
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 Reasons of Network Plan

n Coverage varies with the following

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parameters：

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è System loading

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è Velocities of mobile users
è Data rate

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n Boundary of soft handoff is variable
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Complexity of the practical system
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 Main Content

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n Reasons for Network Planning

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n Aim of Network Planning

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n Steps in Network Planning

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 Aim of Network Plan

n Best possible coverage in the service areas

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n Forecast traffic distribution precisely, design the

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best possible Base Station topology

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n Optimal system parameters for best Quality of

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Service

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n Fewest equipment and lowest cost when
capacity and QOS requirement are met
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 Main Content

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n Reasons for Network Planning

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n Aim of Network Planning

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n Steps in Network Planning

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 Steps in Network Planning

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Survey of
Pre-research Requirement Reduce

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Provided
of Project Analysis Process
Sites

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Wireless Site
Network

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Environment Distribution Site Survey
Evaluation
Test Design
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Survey PN and
Network Plan Wireless Plan
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Report Neighbor
Simulation Report
Submission Planning
 Pre-Research of Project

Survey of

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Pre-research Requirement Reduce
Provided

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of Project Analysis Process
Sites

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Wireless Site

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Network
Environment Distribution Site Survey
Evaluation

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Test Design
nR
Survey PN and
Network Plan Wireless Plan
Report Neighbor
Simulation Report
U

Submission Planning
 Pre-Research of Project

Examine the content and acceptance

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standards of the project contract

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Amend the items of the contract

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that cannot be realized

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Conduct survey of the
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environment of the project site, if

necessary
 Requirement Analysis

Survey of

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Pre-research Requirement Reduce
Provided

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of Project Analysis Process
Sites

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Wireless Site

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Network
Environment Distribution Site Survey
Evaluation

eg
Test Design
nR
Survey PN and
Network Plan Wireless Plan
Report Neighbor
Simulation Report
U

Submission Planning
 Requirement Analysis
Determine the detailed customer requirement
for the network

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Survey the status of the existing network and

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find out the development plan

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Investigate the wireless propagation

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environment (such as topography &
physiognomy)
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Verify the traffic distribution
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Forecast both the short-term and long-term

traffic demand
Clarify and establish the acceptance standards
 Requirement Analysis
OUTPUT:

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Topography & Information of provided

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physiognomy sites

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Population distribution
Traffic distribution

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Coverage demand
Demand of system

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Wireless frequency parameters
occupation
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Strategy for developing Special demand
subscribers
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 Demand Analysis - Two key points

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Coverage demand Traffic demand

(Coverage boundary) (Important area)
 Survey of Provided Sites

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Survey of

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Pre-research Requirement Reduce
Provided
of Project Analysis Process
Sites

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Wireless Site
Network

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Environment Distribution Site Survey
Evaluation
Test Design
nR
Survey PN and
Network Plan Wireless Plan
U

Report Neighbor
Simulation Report
Submission Planning
 Survey of Provided Sites

n Collect information about the wireless

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propagation environment of the provided

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sites.

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n In case these sites meet the topological

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structure of the network and the users'
needs, try to make these provided sites

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workable to reduce investment
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 Reduce Process

Survey of

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Pre-research Requirement Reduce
Provided

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of Project Analysis Process
Sites

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Wireless Site

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Network
Environment Distribution Site Survey
Evaluation

eg
Test Design
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Survey PN and
Network Plan Wireless Plan
Report Neighbor
Simulation Report
U

Submission Planning
 Reduce Process

n According to the analysis report of the

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requirement and sites survey result, decide

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suitable procedure of the project.

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n Some following Working content might be cut

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down after this stage.

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 Network Evaluation

Survey of

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Pre-research Requirement Reduce
Provided

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of Project Analysis Process
Sites

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Wireless Site

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Network
Environment Distribution Site Survey
Evaluation

eg
Test Design
nR
Survey PN and
Network Plan Wireless Plan
Report Neighbor
Simulation Report
U

Submission Planning
 Network Evaluation

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Carry out some tests to

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eg
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network, and according to the
result plan the network
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construction for the next stage.

 Wireless Environment Test

Survey of

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Pre-research Requirement Reduce
Provided

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of Project Analysis Process
Sites

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Wireless Site

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Network
Environment Distribution Site Survey
Evaluation

eg
Test Design
nR
Survey PN and
Network Plan Wireless Plan
Report Neighbor
Simulation Report
U

Submission Planning
 Wireless Environment Test

Scan the planned

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coverage area to make

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sure the frequency

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spectrum is clean

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eg
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Perform correction of the
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propagation model by CWT

(continuous wave transmitter)
test
 Spectrum Scanning

n Interference with wide bandwidth and 3dB more than the thermal

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noise will provide strong interference with CDMA system

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Narrowband Interference

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Broadband Interference
 Site Distribution Design

Survey of

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Pre-research Requirement Reduce
Provided

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of Project Analysis Process
Sites

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Wireless Site

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Network
Environment Distribution Site Survey
Evaluation

eg
Test Design
nR
Survey PN and
Network Plan Wireless Plan
Report Neighbor
Simulation Report
U

Submission Planning
 Site Distribution Design

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n Set up the BS

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topology according to

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the results of the link

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budget and capacity

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calculations. The
existing sites should
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be used as much as
possible.
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 Link budget

Cable Antenna Path Antenna Cable

Mobile Margin BTS

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loss gain loss gain loss

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downlink

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uplink

Link budget
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building
Determine maximum path loss
allowed
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Determine maximum cell radius

Downlink and uplink Margin：slow fade + penetration
Keep balance loss+...
 Capacity Calculation

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Difficult To Access

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Call drop ratio rise

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Capacity Limited
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Voice quality drop
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 Ideal Topology Unideal Topology

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Legend:
Blue represents 1 pilot
Red represents 4 pilot or more
Green represents 2 pilot White represents no pilot coverage
Yellow represents 3 pilot
 Site Selection Principles

n The density layout of BTS should be

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according to the traffic density

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distribution

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n Coverage of important users and

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dense areas should be guaranteed

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n Choose existing telecom center
buildings or microwave sites if
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possible
n Perform simulation to verify pilot
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pollution areas and blind spots

Pilot Pollution and Blind Spots

n The uneven distribution of

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sites can cause pilot

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pollution to some extent.
n These topographical surface

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features (such as hills, high
buildings, etc..) bring a lot of

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reflection and obstruction.

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n Reflection causes pilot
pollution while obstruction
causes blind spots
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n When we try to clear up one
blind area, usually some
pilot pollution area produced.
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n Or when we try to clear up

one pilot pollution area,
some blind area produced.
 Site Survey

Survey of

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Pre-research Requirement Reduce
Provided

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of Project Analysis Process
Sites

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Wireless Site

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Network
Environment Distribution Site Survey
Evaluation

eg
Test Design
nR
Survey PN and
Network Plan Wireless Plan
Report Neighbor
Simulation Report
U

Submission Planning
 Site Survey Principles

n Final site location may deviate by no more than

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1/4 of the cell radius from the initial location

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n Convenient traffic, reliable electricity, safe

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environment should also be considered

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n Avoid high building obstructions, avoid strong

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wireless transmitter, radar or other serious
interference
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Avoid obstruction near the site

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Avoid gorge wave-guide effect
in narrow street

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Avoid propagating in wide road

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 Site Survey Result

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The sites are distributed evenly ,and Cell sites may be moved, and cell
accord with traffic density distribution configuration and directions may be
modified according to the site survey result
 Survey Report Submission

Survey of

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Pre-research Requirement Reduce
Provided

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of Project Analysis Process
Sites

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Wireless Site

is
Network
Environment Distribution Site Survey
Evaluation

eg
Test Design
nR
Survey PN and
Network Plan Wireless Plan
Report Neighbor
Simulation Report
U

Submission Planning
Survey Report Submission

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Find out the customer's
suggestion on the preliminarily

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selected planning sites, and

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submit the report.
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 Network Plan Simulation

Survey of

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Pre-research Requirement Reduce
Provided

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of Project Analysis Process
Sites

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Wireless Site

is
Network
Environment Distribution Site Survey
Evaluation

eg
Test Design
nR
Survey PN and
Network Plan Wireless Plan
Report Neighbor
Simulation Report
U

Submission Planning
 Network Plan Simulation

n Carry out simulation to verify the wireless

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planning and design.

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n Guarantee the plan to meet the customer's

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demand .

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 Simulation Result

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荷
龙格路 新
路

长 金源

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江
埔 F路
路
F
坳背
路

• Rx Power Forward Link H

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广
达
新B
园

路
兴B旺 F 路
路

二路
B
H H 道
大

茂
红棉
通

大
B 康 南

盛
HL

万
路 北 B
路 大康南路

路
连心路
环 城北 G A 大康路
F
H G
B

公
B F

园
龙飞

路
H

路
K

坑
福坑

横
U

安
B A 路
• Pilot Coverage Forward Link 路

牛始埔路
安B华

良
六
环

实业
路
和
和
F

路
路

路
F
B

• Tx Power Reverse Link

 PN and Neighbor Planning

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Survey of

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Pre-research Requirement Reduce
Provided
of Project Analysis Process
Sites

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Wireless Site
Network

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Environment Distribution Site Survey
Evaluation
Test Design
nR
Survey PN and
Network Plan Wireless Plan
U

Report Neighbor
Simulation Report
Submission Planning
 PN and Neighbor Plan

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n Allocate PN offset

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22
index to different cells.
39

141

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63
0 2

Determine available 47
30
39
23

135

69
9 1

9
7 9

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PN and reserve PN 47 30
34
17 40 23

45

15
3 7 7
1 5 5

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n Determine neighbors 38
21
35
18

126

78
3 3

3
1 1

eg
for each cell 46
29
33 17 41
24

21
39
6 1 6
2 9 4

20 18
35

117
37
nR

30

87
7 9
5 7

45 28 36 19 42 25

111

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5 8 5
3 6 3
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27 26
44 42

102
9 1
7 9

43 27
0
8
 Wireless Plan Report

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Survey of

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Pre-research Requirement Reduce
Provided
of Project Analysis Process
Sites

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Wireless Site
Network

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Environment Distribution Site Survey
Evaluation
Test Design
nR
Survey PN and
Network Plan Wireless Plan
U

Report Neighbor
Simulation Report
Submission Planning
 Wireless Plan Report

n Wireless network planning and design offer

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information for the following stage, construction

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of the project.

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Thank You!