IPA18-171-O

 
 
 
PROCEEDINGS, INDONESIAN PETROLEUM ASSOSCIATION
Fourty-Second Annual Convention & Exhibition, May 2018
 
GEOTOURISM VILLAGE PROGRAM: GEOCONSERVATION AND GEOPRODUCT
THROUGH COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN KEBON VILLAGE, BAYAT, KLATEN

Widodo Nugroho*
Rizki Nanda**
Marcelinus Febbi Arismara**
Muhammad Zaki Rahadian**
Cahyo Gunawan**
Eti Rahayu**
Yazid Abdurrazzaq Setyowiyoto**
Ilham Ilmawan**
Arri Rusdiyantara*
Dimas Triadi Wicaksono*

ABSTRACT
Bayat regency is an area that is a natural laboratory
for earth sciences in Indonesia where consist
important geological information. Apart from being
a geological educational objectpotential as a
Geotourism destination. Kebon Village is one of the
villages in Bayat that has all the natural wonders of
Bayat in terms of geology, culture, and magnificent
natural beauty. Unfortunately, over time, the
geological outcrops at the site have begun to degrade
due to natural processes and human activities.
Supported by Kebon villagers who want to develop
the potential of their village, Geodwipa Teknika and
Jogja Geowisata work together with the Geological
Engineering Student Association of Universitas
Gadjah Mada to assist and empower Kebon Villagers
to develop a Geotourism village using the concepts
of Geoconservation and Geoproduct. The geological
outcrops in this area will be conserved by actively
involving the community. Geoconservation is
achieved through socialization to the villagers about
the importance of geological objects and empowers
the villagers as managers of Geotourism
destinations. Geoproduct is a handicraft product
made by Kebon villagers based on geological
objects. The main Geoproduct of Kebon village is
hand produced batik with geological motif and
home-based geological handicraft products. This
sustainable Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
program is encouraging the villagers to utilize the
natural potential of their sorroundings by
empowering the community to improve their
welfare. The final goal is that they can manage
independently the Geotourism potential of their area
through a tourism business unit under Kebon Village
BUMDes (village-owned enterprise). The master
plan budget for this program has been approved by
Klaten Regency Government. In addition,
management permit has also been approved by
PERHUTANI (state-owned forestry company).
Keywords: Geological, Geotourism,
Geoconservation, Geoproduct, Tourism Village,
Empowerment, Community Development,
Corporate Social Responsibility
INTRODUCTION
Bayat regency, located in Klaten District, Central
Java, is a natural geological laboratorium which has
provided much important geological information.
Bayat has huge geotourism and geological education
potential. There are 3 main aspects of geotourism in
Bayat which are: cultural uniqueness, high variety of
geological objects, and the beauty of its natural
condition.
The diversity of Bayat’s geological sites have not yet
been utilized to maximum potential by the villagers.
According to Sutanto (2008), Bayat’s geological
sites are ideal models for geological-based tourism
objects (geotourism) that can be utilized to educate
students, and geology specialists about earth
sciences. As time goes by, geological objects in
Bayat have experienced degradation caused by
natural and human activities and the villagers lack
understanding about the geological potential of the
area and how to conserve it. If the geological
potential can be conserved, then it can improve the
economy of the villagers by realizing the geological
potential to become a geotourism destination. With

* Geodwipa Teknika Nusantara

** University of Gadjah Mada
that in mind, Geodwipa Teknika and Jogja
Geowisata, together with HMTG FT UGM, has
committed to accompany and develop the villagers
to convert Kebon Village to become a
geoconservation-and-geoproduct-based tourism
village.
The final objectives of this CSR program aims to
enable the villagers of Kebon Village to manage their
tourism potential independently under their
BUMDes. Until now, the objectives that have been
achieved include: activities proposal has been agreed
by the Klaten Goverment and PERHUTANI, funds
has been dispersed to Kebon villagers, the usage of
PERHUTANI’s forest has been permitted, the early
construction of a footpath by the villagers has been
started, and routine meetings to converse about the
efforts made have taken place between the tourism
village team, Jogja Geowisata, and Geodwipa
Teknika.
As service and tourism companies, Geodwipa and
Jogja Geowisata have a commitment to operate
legally and contribute to an increase in the quality of
life for its employees and their families , the local
community, and the wider community. We
encourage partnership responsibility between the
goverment, academia, and local communities that are
active and dynamic. To achieve this, our company
develops Elkington’s 3P principles (1997) which are
focused on profit, planet, and people. These 3
principles become the companies benchmark to
implement social responsibility.
This paper will discuss about the natural, social, and
cultural potential owned by Kebon Village that can
become a tourist attraction as well as how to develop
the villagers who have realized the geoconservation-
and-geoproduct-based tourism village.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The desired objectives to be achieved are :
1. Villagers acknowledge and utilize the
geological, social, and cultural potential that
Kebon Village has to build a geotourism village.
2. Encourage and help the villagers to realize new
geoconservation and geoproduct-based
geotourism destination as the special traits of
Kebon Village.
3. Kebon villagers can be independent developers
of the geotourism village in Kebon Village to
increase the local economy.
4. The final objectives of this CSR program aims to
enable the villagers of Kebon Village to manage
their tourism potential independently under their
BUMDes
THEORITICAL
Tourism Village
According to Nuryanti (1993) a tourism village is a
form of integration between attraction,
accommodation, and support facilities which are
presented in a structure of people’s lives and fused
with the ways and the traditions of the village.
Pariwisata Inti Rakyat (PIR) in Hadiwijoyo
(2012:68) explains a tourism village as a region of a
village which offers the overall atmosphere
representing the originalities of the village, including
the economy, social, culture, daily routine, the
building architecture, and the distinct village layout
structure together with the unique and attractive
economic activities that have potential to become a
tourism component, like attraction, accommodation,
and other tourism needs.
National statute number 10:2009 defines tourism as
a complete program that is multidimensional and
multidisciplinary that emerges from the needs of the
population and and countries and interactions
between people, the local community, fellow
travelers, government and local government, and
entrepreneurs.
Tourism village development is driven by three
factors. Firstly, village areas possess the natural and
cultural potential which is relatively more authentic
than urban areas, villagers still operate a traditional
and ritualistic culture. Secondly, village areas have a
physical environment which is still relatively native
and not widely polluted compared to city areas.
Thirdly, the economic depevelopment in the village
areas is relatively slow, so the utilization of the
economic, social and cultural potential of the
villagers optimally is rational in the development of
village tourism (Damanik, 69 in 2013: Andriyani,
dkk, in 2017).
Some aspects that are important in the making of a
tourism village (Soemarno, 2010) are:
a. Good accessibility. Easy to be visited by tourists
using different forms of transportation;
b. Have interesting objects including nature, art and
culture, legend, local food, and so forth which
can be developed as tourist attractions;
c. The villagers and village officers accept and give
the highest support to the tourism village and
tourists who come to their village;
d. Security in the village must be guaranteed;
e. Accommodation, telecommunication, and
adequate labor are available;
f. Cool or cold temprature;
g. Relates to other tourism objects that are publicly
acknowledged.
Geotourism
Geotourism is a form of natural attraction which
specifically focus on panoramic and geological
aspects (Downling, 2011 in Kubalikova, 2013).
Geotourism is sustainable tourism which focuses on
geological features and grows understanding about
the environment, culture, appreciation, conservation
and local benefits (Dowling, 2013 in Kubalikova,
2013). The Geotourism product protects, connects
and promotes geoheritage and helps establish
cooperation within the community (Kubalikova,
2013). According to Sampurno (1995) in Hendratno
(2002), there are several geological phenomena that
can be used as a basis for promoting the geotourism,
such as:
1. The active process of geology including
eruption of volcanos with their products, areas
vulnerable to tectonic earthquake, movement
of active faults, geothermal manifestation, and
areas prone to landslides;
2. Natural beauty that is formed due to past or
present geodynamics, like the emergence of
morphology in the form of mountain scenery,
the river, the coast, kars, high ground (hills)
and coral reefs;
3. The aspects of culture that adapt with the
development of geodynamics, like the
destruction of the site of ancient relics as the
result of natural disasters in the past;
4. Geological resource exploitation activities,
like the exploitation of hydrocarbons and
valuable mineral resources (gold, copper,
silver mines) both large and small scale;
5. Geological resource exploitation activities that
pose problems toward the condition of the local
environment.
Hall and Weiler (1982) in Hendratno (2002) describe
geotourism as a form of tourism with special interest
and REAL travel aspects such as:
a. Rewarding: that is a form of appreciation toward
the visited tourism objects, through the intent of
the tourists to understand or even taking a role in
activity that pertain the object;
b. Enriching: the addition of knowledge and skills
through activities conducted by tourists;
c. Adventurism: contain aspects of involving the
tourists in any activity that contain physical risks
through the activities of adventure;
d. Learning: contain aspects of education through a
learning process followed by tourists during
activity pertaining to a tourism object.
Geoconservation
According to Burek and Prosser (2008) in
Kubalikova (2013), conservation is an activity that
aims to protect geologic and geomorphologic
features from natural changes while preservation is
an activity of keeping something so it will remain
unchanged and in the same situation.
Geoconservation is one way that can be used to
protect and conserve an important part of
geodiversity, namely geoheritage effectively (Cleal,
2007 in Kubalikova, 2013). Geoconservation could
be described as an activity that is oriented to
geoheritage conservation with the intention of
keeping the variety of nature such as rocks,
geomorphology and soil from changes caused by
nature (Sharples, 2002 in Kubalikova, 2013).
Community Development
According to Kartasasmita (1997:11-12) in
Andriyani, dkk (2017) community development is an
effort to increase the quality of life and dignity of a
group of people who are unable to release themselves
from the grip of poverty and underdevelopment.
Community development needs processes, because
the definition of development is a “process” or a
continous series of actions or steps. These are
performed chronologically and systematically and
reflect the steps to bring development to the people.
(Sulistiyani, 2004:77 dalam Andriyani, dkk, 2017).
RESEARCH METHODS
The methodology used is a qualitative approach
conducted through direct observation in the field to
look at the community and interviews to ascertain the
problems from the perspective of the head of Kebon
village, the Kebon villagers and stakeholders who are
actively involved in developing Kebon village
(figure.1)
CSR Location
The research was conducted in Kebon village, Bayat
regency, Klaten district, Central Java Province. The
determination of research location was based on
results after collecting a geological outcrop data
which is now beginning to be degraded and has the
potential for development to become a geology-
based tourist destination. (figure.2)
CSR Subject and Object
The subject of the study is the Kebon villagers and
stakeholders who are actively involved in Kebon
village development. While the object of the study is
the Kebon village region where geological outcrops
are located and are in a degraded state. This object
has the potential to be developed for geotourism.
Data Collection Technique
In order to collect the data field observations and
interviews with Kebon villagers were used. Data is
collected in stages that have been established
including;
1. Early stages of survey. This phase aims to
define locations that have tourism potential
based on topographical and geomorphological
map analysis, which are supplemented by field
surveys to evaluate the tourism potential that
was planned in tourism village plan maps;
2. Approaching the head of Kebon village. This
stage aimed to unite the vision with local
villagers regarding the development of tourism
village and to ask permission perform advanced
surveys in order to determine tourism routes and
the potential tourism locations;
3. Further stages of survey. This stage was
performed after obtaining a permit from the
local head of Kebon village to execute further
surveys. These were performed together with
the locals in order to determine the feasibility of
geological outcrops for conservation and
cultivate it as geological-based tourism, to
determine routes, define things that can be
developed in the area including the villagers’s
handicrafts.
Data Processing
After data collection, this was used to develop the
next steps, including:
1. Designing tourism sites with acceptance from
the head of Kebon village together with the
achitecture and civil engineering teams;
2. Making proposals based on the design and the
potential and other factors acquired during early
observation;
3. First steps of socialization to the villagers about
the plans to develop a toursim village and the
potential that can be developed by the villagers
from the tourism village development. This
stage, proposal has been completed and the
results presented of the observations and design
suggestions for the tourism sites. In this stage,
advice from the villagers are accomodated to
provide a better result;
4. In this Stage where PERHUTANI is asked for
permission regarding the land and forest which
is owned by PERHUTANI.
5. Geotourism development stages to the villagers
to prepare them for managing the geotourism
area which will later be independently managed
by the Kebon villager themselves.
RESEARCH RESULTS
Tourism Potentials of Kebon Village
Based on observations conducted in Kebon Village,
Bayat Regency, Klaten District, Central Java
Province, there are several potential sites owned by
the village that can be used to develop geotourism.
Information about these potential sites was acquired
through the results of field observation and
interaction with the villagers and stakeholders of
Kebon Village. There are potential sites with
geotourism potential that have been successfully
identified inside Kebon Village Region which can be
developed.
Nature Potential
Kebon village, which is located in Bayat Regency,
has a beautiful atmosphere because of its location
near mountain areas. The potential of its natural
resources and ecosystem can be developed and used
optimally for communal benefit with attention paid
to conservation efforts. Natural resources that can be
used as tourist attractions are: Pertapan Hill which
has a relatively flat peak and where there are several
geological sites in the mountain area and on the
slopes. Metamorphic schist and limestone with
nummulites fossils (the oldest on the island of java)
can be found. Pertapan Hill presents natural scenery
in an exquisite way. Based on the field observation
done from the peak of Pertapan Hill, sunset can be
observed between the hills that face west (figure.3).
Social Potential
Kebon villagers are very independent and forward
thinking compared to surrounding villages. This has
been proven by the ability of the villager’s groups
and activists to make Kebon Village the only village
with BUMDes (Badan Usaha Milik Desa) status
listed in the Ministry of Village, Construction, Poor
area, and Transmigration of the entire Bayat Regency
in 2017. Regional Original Income (PAD) of Kebon
village has been helped by business units under
BUMDes Kebon Makmur. The existing business
units run loans and savings, farmers group, village
PDAM, and Batik Tulis. In an effort to increase the
villager’s economy the head of Kebon Village, Mr.
Sukoco together with Kebon villagers, have tried to
develop the natural potential of PertapanMountain.
Because of a lack of knowledge and no expert
consultation, they have been unable to develop the
natural potential until now.
Cultural Potentials
Kebon Village is very famous for its Batik Tulis
called "Batik Tulis Kebon Indah". Starting from just
a recipient of batik cloth service from a famous batik
shop in Solo, Central Java, since 2008, Mr. Sukoco,
together with batik maker community groups
conducted regular training in batik making from
production to the marketing process. Until now,
Kebon Village’s batik artisans are frequently visited
by foreign tourists to train in how to make batik.
Some batik artists from Kebon Village have even
given batik workshops in California, USA and
Milan, Italy in collaboration with UNESCO (United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization). This Kebon Village batik product has
been sold domestically and exported abroad.
Kebon Village, based on a historical story that
researchers obtained from Mr. Sukoco, is the oldest
village in Bayat. This is evidenced by the tomb of
Win Langseh which, according to history, was the
first person to perform hermitage at Pertapan Hill.
Until now, Petilasan or the rest of the Hermitage
Langseh still exists in Pertapan Hill. Therefore, every
year Kebon villagers still perform the traditional
customary event "Nyadran" at the summit of
Pertapan Hill and "Rasulan or Merti Desa" on the
slopes of the hill after harvest time as a form of
gratitude to God and nature (figure.4, 5., 6.)
Geoconservation dan Geoproduct
The first concept is Geoconservation. Over time, if
left unchecked then the geological outcrops around
Kebon Village will be degraded. The the main cause
of concern relates to human activities such as
outcrops damaged by mining or obtaining
construction materials. To keep the geological
outcrops, the Kebon villagers need to be actively
involved. Geoconservation can be performed by way
of socialization to the villagers about the importance
of geological objects as having great potential in
Bayat and making the villagers managers of the
tourist destinations to be made in Kebon Village.
The next concept is geoproduct. This concept is
realized by creating a distinctive product made by
Kebon villagers themselves based on geological
objects. The main products of this geoproduct are in
the form of batik with geological object motifs and
other products with shapes resembling the geological
objects. It is expected that from this geoproduct the
tourism village can be known to the wider
community and geoproduct can become Kebon
village’s special traits. Additionally, given the
concept of geoproduct, an indirect positive impact
can be generated in the form of new job openings that
can be used by Kebon Village people to improve the
local economy.
THE PROCESS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
GEOTOURISM VILLAGE
Based on observations regarding the potential of
Kebon Village and driven by the desire of the
villagers to develop the tourism potential of the
village development of a Geology-based Tourism
Village combining Geotourism and Geoproduct for
the first time, utilizes potential combined with
existing geological conditions. Community
development is achieved by involving Kebon
villagers as the main actors in the development stages
of geotourism village below.
The stages of development made with Kebon
villagers are as follows:
General Socialization
General socialization is conducted for a basic
understanding to Kebon villagers about the CSR
program that brings Geoconservation and
Geoproduct as the main parts of Geotourism
village. The ultimate goal of this CSR program is
that the people are aware of the importance of
geological outcrops that exist in their village and
they can manage independently the Geotourism
potential of their area through a tourism business
unit under Kebon Village BUMDes (village-
owned enterprise)(figure.13)
Basic Understanding of Geoconservation And
Geoproduct
Data collection of geological outcrops
Geological outcrops in Kebon Village is located in
Pertapan Hill collected by field observation. The
information then compiled according to the outcrop
condition, the importance of developing geological
science, description of outcrops, rock sampling,
positive and negative potential information and field
documentation (figure.14).
Socialization of geoconservation and geoproduct
This socialization giving awareness the
importance of geological outcrops to be protected
in their land. Any potential both positive and
negative will be introduced to the villagers. In the
achievement of this CSR program, information in
the form of sign boards and digital informations
related to development of geoconservation
infrastructure stage (figure.15, 16., 17.).
Pioneer of Geotourism Enterprise Unit under
BUMDES
Geotourism community
The temporary community has a big role and it is
a major subject of community development. The
whole of CSR programs covered together with this
community through conjunction and
accompaniment in every assigments. Geotourism
community will be a founder of Geotourism
enterprise unit under BUMDES of Kebon Village
(figure 18).
Actuate
Consisting of two great things that run parallel;
Workshop of geoproduct and Geotourism
Infrastructure development (Non Geoconservation
and Geoconservation). (figure 19, & .20)
Workshop of Geoproducts
 Adjusment of geological objects that can be
made to be themes of geological products;
Thin section of minerals and Nummulites and
geological rocks (Igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic)
 Training to make geologic-patterned Batik Tulis
and geological souvenirs
 Marketing Training
Geotourism Infrastructure (Supporting tourism
sites and Geoconservation)
 The development of constructions of tourism
sites to support geotourism areas. This physical
development includes the construction of a
viewing substation, amphitheater, camp ground,
tree house, open stage, ticketing, rest area, and
souvenir center as public attractions.
 The development of geoconservation
infrastructure is in the form of making
information boards in every existing geological
outcrops and making the boundaries of human
exploitation.
Geotourism Development
Geotourism development will conducted to enhance
tourist attractions and to improve opportunities that
can be created by Kebon villagers; (retail, homestay
and softskill needed in managing the tourist village).
According to the aim of geotourism development
above, analysis was made of the results of
observations and plans that will be implemented for
the development of geotourism village. The analysis
includes scenarios of Socializations and Workshops
of managing the tourism village, tourist attractions
development, geotourism products that can be
enjoyed by the tourists, and the scenario of tourism
activities and tourism packages.
CONCLUSION
The tourism potential in Kebon village can be
divided into natural potential, social potential and
cultural potential. These 3 tourism potentials can
be developed into Geological-based tourist
attractions in the form of scenarios of natural
tourism activities in the area of Pertapan Hill.
Kebon villagers can combine existing geological
sites with social and cultural potential and
geological objects in Bayat as the theme of the
Tourism Village attractions, such as the geologic-
patterned batik tulis fossils and geological rocks thin Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan
section and products of geological objects-based Rakyat. 2015. Informasi Statistik Infratruktur
souvenirs and food. Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat. Jakarta:
Pusat Data dan Teknologi Informasi.
Kebon villagers can be independent developers of
the geotourism village in Kebon Village to increase Kubalikova, Lucie., 2013, Geomorphosite
the local economy achieved by the development Assessment for Geotourism Purposes, Czech
stages of geotourism village includes General Journal of Tourism, 02/2013/ Czech. p. 80-104.
Socialization, Basic Understanding of
Geoconservation And Geoproduct, Pioneer of Kubalikova, Lucie., and Kirchner, Karel., 2015,
Geotourism Enterprise Unit under BUMDES, Geosite and Geomorphosite Assessment as
Actuate, and Geotourism Development. Geotourism a Tool for Geoconservation and Geotourism
community as the pioneer or initiator of Geotourism purposes: a Case Study from Vizovicka vrchovina
enterprise unit is the major subject to make Kebon Highland (Eastern Part of the Czech
Villagers can manage their tourism potential Republic), The European Association for
independently under BUMDes Kebon Village. Conservation of the Geological Heritage,
Geoheritage (2016) 8:5-14.
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Andriyani, A. A Istri., dkk. 2017. Pemberdayaan Tuerces (Palencia, Spain), Springer- Verlag
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Hendratno, A., 2002. Geowisata Merapi sebagai
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4966

 
 Figure 1 – Methodology of research (This picture can be seen in the poster as Figure 1 in Research Methods)

 
Figure 2 – (a) The Indonesian Earth Façade Map, Cawas Part. The red box showing the research area
(b)Digital Elevation Map (DEM) in 3D view showing the morphology of Jiwo Hill’s complex in
Bayat Regency. Kebon village is located in foothills of East Jiwo Hills. The red box shows the
Pertapan Hills that conducted as the research area. (This picture can be seen in the poster as
Figure 2 in CSR Location)

 
Figure 3 – The nature potential in Kebon Village as a principal asset in making of geotourism village. (This
picture can be seen in poster as Figure in CSR Location’s choosing reason)

Figure 4 – The Cultural potential that Kebon Village already had, Batik Tulis Kebon, (This picture can be
seen in poster as Figure in CSR Location’s choosing reason)

 
Figure 5 – The cultural potential in Kebon Village representing the originalities of the village (This picture
can be seen in poster as Figure in CSR Location’s choosing reason)

Figure.6 The culture heritage in kebon village, Nyadran Festival (This picture can be seen in poster as Figure
in CSR Location’s choosing reason)

 
Figure 7 - Tourism route made according to field observation, containing the locations of tourism attraction

 
 (a) (b)

(c) (d)

(e)

Figure 8 – (a) Amphitheatre design, (b) Rest area design (c) Ticketing location design (d) Substation of view
design (e) Souvenirs center design

 
        

Figure 9 - The condition of Batik Kebon Indah owned by Kebon Village, Bayat, Klaten, Central Java

Figure 10 - Sunset condition that can be enjoyed from the Pertapan Hill’s peak (This picture can be seen as
Figure in Research Result)

 
Figure 11 – The culture potential of Kebon Village, called “ Batik Tulis Kebon Indah” (this picture can be
seen as Figure in Research Result)

Figure 12 - Geotourism Spot in Pertapan Hill’s peak

 
Figure 13 – General Socialization about CSR program in Kebon Village (this picture can be seen as Figure in
the process and development of geotourism village)

Figure 14 – Data collection of geological outcrops in Pertapan Hill (this picture can be seen as Figure in the
process and development of geotourism village)

 
Figure 15 – Socialization of geoconservation and geoproduct in Kebon Village (this picture can be seen as
Figure in the process and development of geotourism village)

Figure 16 – Ground cleaning geological outcrops for geoconservation in Kebon Village (this picture can be
seen as Figure in the process and development of geotourism village)

 
Figure 17 – One of geological outcrops for geoconservation in Kebon Village. This outcrops is Schist (this
picture can be seen as Figure in the process and development of geotourism village)

Figure 18 – All meetings with Geotourism Community Kebon Village (this picture can be seen as Figure in
the process and development of geotourism village)

 
Figure 19 – Sample design of geologic-patterned Batik Tulis Kebon (this picture can be seen as Figure in the
process and development of geotourism village)

 
Figure 20 – Geotourism Infrastructure progress (this picture can be seen as Figure in the process and
development of geotourism village)