Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTRODUCTION
Wheel Powered Cart Brush. We ended taking up this study without hesitation and
doubt because we believed that this would be a great deal and sure cooperate to improve
that our knowledge and learnings can be use in good and helpful ways especially with
One of the purposes why we have engineers and students studying engineering is
to bring help in every, even in a small way to improved and developed having an easy
way of living and to ease every individual’s work. Having good and clean surroundings,
we have utilities in our school. They stand to maintain the orderliness and cleanliness of
our surroundings. One of these is cleaning the roads where we usually find them working
or whether they’re using machinery but those which are consumed more energy and takes
many times to do the work. In addition, those machines involve financial negotiations.
In places to places, we can see that this situation happens not only in our school
which workers uses pressurized water to cleanse paths that are rotten by dirt. We all
knows that job will be easier if we have proper machines designed to this kind of work
that will help the workers to ease and to give more efficient way of cleaning. In addition,
it will take the workers tedious and hardworking job. It will also take less energy and less
noise will not be distraction to the students for it is not working with motor compared to
grass cutting machine, and the importance of the said project is it will make the job of the
workers easier and less time comparing to other machine that they used this time.
Especially in Southern Luzon State University that some pathways are rotten, it will be a
good advantage that we have this kind of machine and it will be a good deal if the study
Looking at the general overview of this topic research, the idea of the thesis
begins when we are walking outside the admin building and saw one of the utility of our
school uses pressurized water to clean area that is rotten. We saw that the machine
consumed more water rather than the work to be done. These scenario bring us to an idea
This topic may not be as wider as the other topics but it will have a big
contribution to our community with problem to slippery outdoors especially during rainy
season. In area with so many people, this problem is common but it can be minimized
The construction of the said machine use rotating brush. This would be the main
cleaning part and placed in front of the machine. The specialty of this machine is for
outdoors so the brush needed will designed for hard operating process. In addition, this
machine will be more efficient than actual cleaning or cleaning using pressurized water
from the pump. It will be easy to recommend using this machine for ground cleaning
“It is imperative that the focus be on ‘cleaning green,’ that is cleaning first, cleaning for
The study generally aimed to design with improving way of cleaning and help the
workers to have an efficient and easier ways to this job using Wheel Powered Cart Brush.
2.1. Time
2.2. Efficiency
3. To minimized the use of water from pressurized water from the pump and
Considering that science and technology plays a very important role in a society,
the findings of this study will rebound in benefit of individuals. This technical study
intended to design a machine that will serve as a substitute to old way of ground cleaning
This research study entitled “Wheel Powered Cart Brush” will be beneficial to the
workers as it will help them to ease their job and will give a more efficient way of
cleaning. It will also require a lesser effort compared to actual way cleaning and with
using of pressurized washer that consumed more water. In addition, the time consumed in
operation will decrease because the machine will fasten the job.
For the researcher, this study means applying their knowledge in the field of
machine design. This study could also be a good start for the researchers to introduce an
alternative, advanced way of ground cleaning operation in a more efficient and faster
way.
For the readers or future researchers, this study will serve as reference material
for material for additional knowledge and valuable information not only in their study but
cleaning compared to actual way and using of pressurized washer. Moreover, the machine
is design for ground surface cleaning purposes only and since it is design with wheels, it
may not reach the corners of the walls but with hoping for continuation of the study,
This study limits the machine in cleaning the surfaces that are not concrete and
not flatten in order to protect the machine from destruction. The machine designed for flat
In addition, since the machine is not automatic, it will require a manual stirring
from the workers but with this method, it can help the machine to clean the surface
Definition of Terms
All the terms below are list of the words that tackled during the research. They are
defined operationally and how they were being used in the study.
Brush, plastic: a part of the machine which act as the floor cleaner moved by shaft
Cart: a usually two or four wheeled vehicle moved by pull or push force.
Chain and sprocket: the acting mechanism or the heart of the machine and make it
do the job.
Chassis: is the internal frame work or a construction of metals standing as the body
Grime: a general term refers to dirt that covers the surface. Examples are moss,
Pillow Block: is a pedestal used to provide support for a rotating shaft with the help
Shaft is a long, narrow part or section forming the handle of a tool or club, the body
Static Friction: is a force that keeps an object at rest. It must be overcome to start
Wheel: is a circular object that revolves on an axle and is fixed below a vehicle or
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
RELATED LITERATURE
This part of research study includes reviewing and organizing related literature
and studies in order to serve as guide upon designing the wheel powered cart brush
machine. Necessary pieces of information were gathered from books, published articles,
Brush
perpendicular orientation depending on the way the brush is to be gripped during use.
A scrubber brush, is a typical wide brush with a long shaft used for cleaning hard
floors or surfaces. Unlike a broom, which has soft bristles to sweep dirt away, a scrubber
has hard bristles for brushing. It may therefore be used wet, with water or cleaning fluids.
Wheel
A wheel is a circular block of a hard and durable material at whose center has
been bored a circular hole through which is placed an axle bearing about which the wheel
rotates when a moment is applied by gravity or torque to the wheel about its axis. When
placed vertically under a load-bearing platform or case, the wheel turning on the
horizontal axle makes it possible to transport heavy loads; when placed horizontally, the
wheel turning on its vertical axle makes it possible to control the spinning motion used to
on other wheels, when connected to a crank, the wheel produces or transmits energy.
A sprocket is a toothed wheel that fits onto a shaft. It is prevented from rotating
on the shaft by a key that fits into keyways in the sprocket and shaft.
A chain is used to connect two sprockets. One sprocket is the driver sprocket. The
other sprocket is the driven sprocket. Motion and force can be transmitted via the chain
from one sprocket to another, therefore from one shaft to another. Chains that are used to
transmit motion and force from one sprocket to another are called power transmission
chains.
Floor cleaning
Floor cleaning is a basic and major occupation throughout the world. The main
floors are a major cause of accidental injury or death. Bad practice in floor cleaning is
To remove grit and sand which scratch and wear down the surface.
To prevent wear to the surface (e.g. by using a floor wax or protective sealant).
variety of different applications. In appearance, a bolt looks like a small pin or rod with a
thread running all around its sides in a screw-like pattern. A bolt is meant to be put
through holes in two objects that will be held together and a nut will be turned onto the
bolt’s thread until the nut is tight. By turning the nut which is large than the hole that the
bolt went through along the threads, it compresses the two objects together, since the
head of the bolt and the nut are exerting pressure on the objects between them.
Nuts and bolts are fastens designed to hold two-or-more objects together. This is
achieved by inserting a bolt through both objects and fastening a nut to the end of the
bolt. This usually simple task can be accomplished by considerations ranging from the
type of bolt used, to how the bolt is inserted into the objects. (Thompson, 2015)
Shafts
used to transmit power from one part to another, or from a machine which produces
power to a machine which absorbs power. The various members such as pulleys and
Grime
Grime is the general term for dirt like moss, algae, lichens, and liverworts. It is
commonly to find growing on hard surfaces. Common example of this are algae, lichens,
liverworts and moss. The grime does not damage what they are growing on, but it can
cause patios, drives, paths and steps to become slippery. Rainy season is usually the time
when algal and moss and liverwort growth is most significant, but build-up can occur
Algae
garden furniture. It is common as dark green or blackish jelly-like growths that often
appeared in damper on cooler weather, paths and areas of tarmac, incorrectly known as
Lichen
Lichen are commonly found on paving and timber structures such as garden
benches and vase. The color of lichen varies with species, but most are grey-green, silver-
Liverwort
Some kinds of this algae grow on hard surfaces usually have a flattened, green,
plate-like body and no leaves. Marchantia is the most common example of liverwort. It is
Moss
elimination of algae, moss and liverworts that grow on pots, soil, benches, walkways and
even on plant leaves and stems is one of the toughest problems faced by ornamental plant
producers. Understanding the conditions that promote them the first step in controlling
these pests. Managing these elements are complex and affected by weather as well as by
the needs of specific plug crops. For instance, quick-growing crops such as zinnia are
rarely covered with algal mats, while slow-growing crops such as Lisianthus are
frequently affected by algal growth, which then inhibits the crop’s access to water and
fertilizer. Even the application of fertilizer sparingly and directly to the plants is done,
there is small amount of unused by the plants will provide food for algae, moss and
liverworts.
The right and appropriate control of these plants is dependent upon where they are
growing. In walkways, pots and benches can be treated with some chemicals but these
chemicals sometimes can be toxic to plants. Commercial bleach (sodium hypochlorite),
bromine, copper, peroxy-acetate and quaternary ammonium compounds are available for
control on nonliving surfaces such as walkways, bench tops and empty pots. With
the quaternary ammonium compounds. In addition, these pests use fertilizer intended to
Removing these mats by hand is a common solution despite the costly nature of
“weeding” each and every pot in a nursery. Although liverworts and mosses are more
common in nursery crop production, they can grow and spread and reproduce efficiently
once they find their way into a greenhouse. Recent reports have been made of serious
and making sure that runoff from fertilizer applications is minimal. Some periodic
cleanup is usually necessary. A pressure cleaner with or without a chemical can speed up
removal of algae buildup. Be sure to direct sprays away from plants concentrations that
Control
For areas where growths are a slip-hazard or are contributing to the weathering of
a. Non-chemical control
Dislodge moss from between paving by running a sharp knife along the cracks.
Alternatively, use a block paving brush with a long handle, narrow head and wire
A pressure washer will remove moss and algae effectively. However, use this
method with care in areas where drainage is unsatisfactory as the extra water could
exacerbate damp problems. Always wear goggles when using a pressure washer. This
is the best method for removal of moss and algae from wooden garden features. After
spraying, consider treating fences and sheds with wood preservatives and garden
Brush hard surfaces with a stiff broom on a regular basis to help prevent growths
from taking hold. Raking loose surfaces such as gravel helps to keep these areas free
Prune overhanging plants to improve air flow – this will allow the drying effects
Improving drainage in the surrounding area will also help to deter growths. Dig
out shallow channels along the edges of paths, patios and drives and fill with coarse
Fork over beds close to damp surfaces to maximize drainage and water
absorption.
Only pave areas essential for access. Choose permeable paving when constructing
new hard surfaces and keep drains clear of leaves and debris.
Surface finishes that are raised to give grip in wet weather are ideal for shady
spots. On wooden surfaces try tacking down some chicken wire as this too will make
it less slippery. Spreading coarse sand over garden steps is another simple anti-slip
solution.
b. Chemical control
Algae, lichens and liverworts can be removed with most proprietary patio
cleaners. Moss can be controlled with products approved for use on hard surfaces. Most
Use products based on benzalkonium chloride, acetic acid, fatty acids, nitrilo
triacetic acid/trisodium salt or other surfaces cleaners such as Jeyes Fluid Path &
Patio Cleaner which claim to control algae on hard surfaces or natural paths. They
For moss control on hard surfaces use acetic acid, fatty acids or pelargonic acid.
seaweed extracts or Ecofective Safe to Clean and should be especially safe to use near
not recommended for use near plants. They can also discolor certain types of stone.
endorsement by the RHS. It is a list of products currently available to the home gardener.
RELATED STUDIES
PROF. DR. A. MUNIARAJ. He has developed the manually operated eco-friendly road
cleaner. In this he conclude that while testing of machine, that the cleaning is less
effective where the road seems to be very rough and damaged. It can provide job to the
uneducated person who is in need for such jobs as human energy is needed to drive the
machine. The manually operated road cleaner is successfully designed, analyzed and
fabricated. This project works for road cleaning that reducing the cost, human efforts as
well as time. It can cause pollution and also the vibration produced in the machine causes
noise pollution. While manual cleaning may cause healthy problem as the person directly
comes in contact with dust. Also, the shoulder problem due to continuously sweeping
occurs. This study is an alternative concept for avoiding such problems. It can work very
efficiently with respect to covering area, time and cost of road cleaning process compared
CHAKRA BORTY ET AL [2013] – They reported that the most significant cause of
road dust is vehicle traveling on paved and unpaved' surfaces. Consequently data directly
relating dust to road accidents are rare, but in study if dust is the cause of 10% of these
accidents casualties then the cost could amount to as much as 0.02% of GDP in some
cleaning machine by tricycle operated. The author concluded that the cleaning is less
1.) It is found that the existing street cleaning machines uses petrol and diesel. It can
cause pollution and also the vibration produced in the machine causes noise pollution.
While manual cleaning may cause health problem as the person directly comes in contact
with dust. Also, the shoulder problem due to continuously sweeping occurs.
2.) A tricycle operated street cleaning machine seems an alternative concept for avoiding
3.) The tricycle operated machine can work very efficiently with respect to covering area,
time and cost of street cleaning process compared with the existing machineries. Also it is
economical.
4.) It was seen while testing of machine, that the cleaning is less effective where the street
Machine”. He reported that the multiple applications provide a wide range of functions
in which we can clean the pipe, scrubbing of surface for proper cleaning of the floor,
remove dust and dirt from the road, provide a pick and place mechanism by which
obstacles can be removed. This project is very helpful for the society and play a vital role
in cleanliness of the country. The motive of the project is to cover the aspects of
cleanliness in the society. The study provide a wide range of functions in which we can
clean the pipe, scrubbing of surface for proper cleaning of the floor. This project is very
helpful for the society and play a vital role in cleanliness of the country.
powered leaves collector machine equipped with suction-blower system”- The authors
explained about the fabrication of leaves collector machine by tractor powered with
suction blower system. He has framed the machine by using chassis, pump, blower,
gearbox, hydraulic jack. They concluded total power consumption of that machine is
around 14634 W.
Conceptual Framework
The figure below shows the flow of the study starting from the input down to
process and finally the output in the input, the researchers use tangible sources such as
books, printed articles, etc. and non-tangible sources like direct observation and survey
for reliable references. On the other hand, in the process, it all starts in the considering
the possible principles law that shall govern the study to be conduct. Prototype designing
is very crucial because it will determine the outcome of the study. After fabricating the
machine, it is necessary to check if the said prototype is working and if it is suitable for
the purpose it is designed for. Likely, the project shall undergo different tests under
varying set-ups to determine which configuration offers the best. The results will be
Testing
Hypothesis
METHODOLOGY
The researchers gathered the sufficient and relevant information from various
books, and printed materials relative to the study. The theories concepts and principles are
used as basis for the required materials, operations, and other processes involved in the
unpublished thesis and related materials. These increased our knowledge regarding the
Browsing through different websites in the internet was another method used in
acquiring information. Related projects, articles and concepts enhanced our knowledge in
designing prototype.
Research locale
The study will be conducted at the Southern Luzon State University, formerly
known as Southern Luzon Polytechnic College, the premier higher education institution
in Quezon Province in the Philippines. With nine campuses in the province of Quezon, its
main campus is located at the Municipality of Lucban. The study not eventually used in a
particular area. It could be used at Subdivisions, Rice Mill, somewhere the floor needed
the removing of grime or dirt to avoid slippery and bad looks to pathways and flooring.
Basically the workers of SLSU or utility staff doing their job to clean using a
pressurized water flowing via hose to remove the dirt that takes several time and water.
This needed a cleaning method that will minimize time and also water
consumption but still reach the purpose of cleaning the floor efficiently. One of the reason
why the researchers conducted the study about this is because most utility staff still
practicing the conventional way of removing dirt on the floor. The study is indeed a
stepping stone for the innovation of cleaning method in SLSU main campus for the sake
of utility staff, for school, and for the conducted of research, we serve former worker to
minimize their manpower and save time and less their effort.
Unit of Analysis/Respondents/Treatments
In this study, the unit of analysis is the comparison of operation time for the
process, also the water consumed for three different processes and the respondents are the
cleaning.
Research design
The study is a two-phase research which involved the fabrication and design of a
materials used in the prototype. The researchers made their design based on studies and
typical wheel powered cart brush to at different sites at horizontal flat surface only.
machine in terms of its performance. The researcher presented and explained the data and
The criteria that must be considered in designing the Wheel Powered Cart Brush
are:
Durability: Wheel Powered Cart Brush should be durable when taking off all the
Material: The material that will be used must be suitable to fabricate the Wheel
Cost: Depends upon the material and fabricating processes. It should be economical
in cost.
Methods of Fabrication and Assembly
In fabricating the machine, the researchers used the following procedure to obtain
an efficient output.
Providing the needed materials available for the fabrication of the Wheel Powered
Cart Brush.
Making and checking the right construction and placement of the chains and
Testing the machine as a whole and adjusting the details needed to be redo.
Research Instrument
engineering books, thesis center library, web pages, online journals and other computed-
base references. One of the effective used is by personal interview with the utility staff
removing grime and fabricating the machine. The test is based on the speed of time and
amount of force to clean up the floor. The researcher used the following tools and
measurements pertinent to the study. Moreover, all were calibrated prior to utilizing these
instruments;
Meter tape – was used in fabrication of the machine, especially the frame of
machine. Not only the dimensions of the machine were measured but also the
distances by length. It is also for the measurement of area to be use for testing of
the prototype.
Timer/stopwatch – was used to determine the time lapsed from different time
frame from using the machine compared to the time of manual removing
Procedures/Data Collection
Gathering of data and information through books, related studies, and other means
of evaluating related existing design served as reference in the design of the prototype.
Also by the used of interviewing due people who gives about the topic information gives
TABLE 1: The tables shown below are the tables to be use for gathering the data
needed for the testing of the designed prototype. The following trials is to be done with
the prototype and will compare in three trials. In the test, we will start the operation
TABLE 2: The tables shown below are the tables to be use for gathering the data
needed for the testing of the designed prototype. The following trials is to be done with
the volume of water consumption between the manual procedure and the prototype. We
measured the volume of water used with the same bucket used on both operations.
Table 2b: Water consumption comparison of pressurized washer and prototype.
Data Analysis
After the testing and data gathering, analysis will be made through computation.
The performance of the Wheel Powered Cart Brush will be determined through the data
gathered. The variables needed to be determined in the test are the following:
Statistical treatment
To attain the objectives posed in this study, the following statistical tools were
T-test for independent samples will be use to find out if there is significant
difference between the output of the manual cleaning operation, the pressurized washer
and the machine in terms of cleaning time, quality of the performance and the
Standard Deviation
s=
√ ∑ ( x A− x́ A )
n−1
where;
T-value
x́ A −x́ B
t=
√( s 12 +s 22
n )
where;
Degree of Freedom
d f =n−1
where;
Chapter IV
prototype presented through tables, together with the analysis corresponding to each
tables. It states the comparison between three different processes using manual operation,
using pressurized washer and using the prototype corresponding with the data gathered
by three trials. The following trials is to be done with areal dimension of 8.0 m2.
Ilagan, one of the author of the study. Table 1a shows the data gathered using the manual
operation and using the prototype compared in three trials. In the test, we start the
Lady Joy M. Querijero, residence of Brgy. Tinamnan Lucban, Quezon. Table 1b shows
the data gathered from testing and comparison between the pressurized washer and the
prototype.
TABLE 2: Comparison of water consumption. The following trials is done with areal
the volume of water consumption between the manual procedure and the prototype. We
measured the volume of water used with the same bucket used on both operations.
washer and the prototype. During the testing, we measure the volume of water depending
Time comparisons
TABLE 4.1: Statistical Tabulation of Data between Prototype and Manual Operation
0.1308 0.0138
T – value 13.3351
Base on the table for Critical Value of t, with degrees of Freedom of 2 level of
Since t - table < t - comparison, reject Ho and accept HA, therefore, the time
consumed at the operation using the prototype is shorter than the time spent in the manual
process.
Conclusion: there is sufficient evidence that there is significant difference between the
TABLE 4.2: Statistical Tabulation of Data between Prototype and Pressurized washer
Prototype (¿¿ B) ¿ ¿
x ¿
(¿¿ A)
¿
1 6.05 2.75 0.3844 0.0045
2 7.12 2.59 0.2025 0.0086
3 6.84 2.71 0.0289 0.00073
x x
2 2
∑(¿ ¿ A−x́ A ) ∑(¿ ¿ B−x́ B )
n=3 x́ A = 6.67 x́ B = 2.683 ¿ ¿
0.6158 0.0138
T – value 6.911
Base on the table for Critical Value of t, with degrees of Freedom of 2 level of
Since t - table < t - comparison, reject Ho and accept HA, therefore, the time
consumed at the operation using the prototype is shorter than the time spent in the
pressurized washer.
Conclusion: there is sufficient evidence that there is significant difference between the
This chapter includes the results and findings of the study based on
Findings
1. The developed prototype from fabrication, the machine used a cylindrical plastic
brush as its cleaning tool, and the brush rotates by the use of chain and sprocket with
opposite direction to the wheel for more force of cleaning. By the use of distinction
2.1 The prototype can clean the floor in 2.6833 min with an area of 8.0 m2 based on
3 trials and the average cleaning speed of the manual operation is 4.7533 min
with the same dimension of area. The prototype uses lesser time of cleaning than
the manual operation. The prototype has more efficiency in terms of time it
takes to clean the floor compared to the manual operation. The time lessen to
2.2 In terms of volume of water used, both operation uses an equal consumption of
water.
3.1 The prototype can clean the floor in 2.6833 min with an area of 8.0 m 2 based on
3 trials and the average cleaning speed of the pressurized washer is 6.67 min
with the same dimension of area. The prototype uses lesser time of cleaning than
the pressurized washer. The prototype is more efficient in terms of time it takes
to clean the floor compared to the pressurized washer. The time lessen to clean
3.2 In terms of volume of water used, using pressurized washer used more water
than the prototype. It also it uses an electricity compare to the prototype that do
After researching and studying the machine Wheel Powered Cart Brush, it
reveals the differences between the manual operation, using the pressurized washer and
the prototype. The following had been concluded with a proper observation, analysis and
Comparing to the manual operation, both procedures used the same amount of
water but different in terms of cleaning time operation. It also showed a different output.
Looking at the testing result, the prototype is lesser effective than manual but the
find or there’s no formula that calculates which cleaning operation is more effective in
cleaning, we just based on the output in the testing of both procedures and observed
which operation has done effective way and give a cleaner result. The prototype uses
lesser amount of water and shorter time of operation, it also gave a good result and
cleaner output. Then, we conclude that the machine Wheel Powered Cart Brush is more
The machine met the objectives including the conservation of energy since Wheel
Powered Cart Brush do not use electrical energy as pressurized washer. Therefore, the
Recommendation:
3. Use a lighter material for the frame for easier transportation of the machine from
A. Books:
B. Online sources:
https://www.blocklayer.com/chain-sprocket.aspx
http://www2.mae.ufl.edu/designlab/Class%20Projects/Background
%20Information/Friction%20coefficients.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moss
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brush
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel
http://www.notesandsketches.co.uk/Chain_and_Sprocket.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_cleaning
https://www.cleantecinnovation.com/blog/how-to-remove-algae-and-moss
http://www.ijaerd.com/papers/special_papers/NCSOSET33.pdf
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
FRAME
HANDLE
SPROCKET
WHEEL
BRUSH
COVER
TROLLEY
WHEEL
Isometric
Front Back
Side Top
APPENDIX A2
DIMENSIONS
Frame
Side View
Front View
Top View
Chain and Sprocket
Wheel
Brush
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
DESIGN COMPUTATION
WHEEL
T51 = 51 teeth T1 = 15 teeth
BRUSH
Brush
Given:
Pitches = 0.5
T56 = 56 teeth
T14 = 14 teeth
2
T 56−T 14
L=
2 c ( T 56 +T 14 )
+ +
P ( 2π )
P 2 C
2
56−14
L=
2(14.5) (56+ 14)
+ +
0.5 ( 2π )
0.5 2 14.5
L=94.54 pitch
L=95 pitch
Formula:
T driver N driven
Sprocket Ratio= =
T driven N driver
14.0∈¿(0.0254 m)
π¿
0.500 m/s (60 min)
N wheel =
¿
T 56 N 14
Sprocket Ratio= =
T 14 N 56
56 teeth N 14
Sprocket Ratio= =
14 teeth 7.90
N 14=31.6 rpm
Therefore;
This calculation explains that the brush rotates faster than the wheel.
CALCULATING THE FORCE NEEDED TO MOVE THE PROTOTYPE
m
W =m. a (
W = ( 25 kg ) 9.81
s2 ) W =245.25 N
b. Normal force
F f =W =254.25 N
c. Frictional Force
F f =μ . Fn F f =( 0.6 ) ( 254.25 N ) F f =147.15 N
d. Force Needed
F ≥ F f =147.15 N
Therefore, in order to move the prototype, the force needed has to be more
than that frictional force between the brush. The force needed is greater than 147.15
newton.
APPENDIX D
STATISTICAL COMPUTATION
Time comparisons
TABLE: Statistical Tabulation of Data between Prototype and Manual Operation
0.1308 0.0138
x
2
∑ (¿ ¿ A−xx A )
n−1
SD manual= √¿
SD manual=
√ 0.1308
3−1
SD manual =0.2557
x
2
∑ (¿ ¿ A−x́ A)
n−1
SD prototype =√ ¿
SD prototype =
√ 0.0138
3−1
SD prototype =0.0831
x́ A −x́ B
t=
√( s 12 +s 22
n )
4.753−2.683
t=
√( ( 0.2557 )2 + ( 0.831 )2
3 )
t=13.3351
Findings:
Degree of freedom,
d f =n−1
d f =3−1
d f =2
Base on the table for Critical Value of t, with degrees of Freedom of 2 level of
Since t - table < t - comparison, reject Ho and accept HA, therefore, the time
consumed at the operation using the prototype is shorter than the time spent in the manual
process.
0.6158 0.0138
x
2
∑(¿ ¿ A−xx A )
n−1
SD pressurized washer= √ ¿
SD pressurized washer=
√ 0.6158
3−1
SD pressurized washer=0.5549
x
2
∑ (¿ ¿ A−x́ A )
n−1
SD prototype =√ ¿
SD prototype =
√ 0.0138
3−1
SD prototype =0.0831
Finding t-value for difference between independent sample means:
x́ A −x́ B
t=
√( s 12 +s 22
n )
6.67−2.683
t=
√( ( 0.5549 )2 + ( 0.831 )2
3 )
t=6.911
Findings:
Degree of freedom,
d f =n−1
d f =3−1
d f =2
Base on the table for Critical Value of t, with degrees of Freedom of 2 level of
Since t - table < t - comparison, reject Ho and accept HA, therefore, the time
consumed at the operation using the prototype is shorter than the time spent in the
pressurized washer.
TESTING
TESTING OUTPUT
Manual Operation
Before After
Before After
1. Manual Operation
Bucket dimension
D = 10 inches = 0.254 m
H = 10 inches = 0.254 m
πd2 H
V=
4
π ( 0.254 m )2 ( 0.254 m )
V=
4
3
V =0.0129 m x 2 buckets
3
1000 l
V =0.0257 m x 3
m
V =25.7 l iter
Trial 1.
πd2 H
V=
4
π ( 0.5588m )2 ( 0.13335 m)
V=
4
1000 l
V =0.0327 m3 x
m3
V =32.7 l iter
Trial 2.
πd2 H
V=
4
π ( 0.5588m )2 ( 0.1651m )
V=
4
3
1000 l
V =0.0405 m x 3
m
V =40.5l iter
Trial 3.
πd2 H
V=
4
π ( 0.5588m )2 ( 0.1524 m )
V=
4
1000 l
V =0.0374 m3 x 3
m
V =37.4 l iter
Bucket dimension
D = 10 inches = 0.254 m
H = 10 inches = 0.254 m
πd2 H
V=
4
2
π ( 0.254 m ) ( 0.254 m )
V=
4
3
V =0.0129 m x 2 buckets
1000 l
V =0.0257 m3 x
m3
V =25.7 l iter
APPENDIX F
Months
Activities
Title Proposal
Planning and
Designing
Fabrication of the
prototype
Testing and
improving of the
design
Result analysis
Documentation
APPENDIX G
COST OF MATERIALS
TOTAL P 9,490.00
APPENDIX H
Plagiarism Detector Result
"Chapter Compiled.docx"
Licensed to: Rainelle Romero_License15
Relation chart:
<>
Distribution graph:
Comparison Preset: Word-to-Word. Detected language: English
Top sources of plagiarism: