Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Bambang Campus
Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya

REVIEW 2 FUNDAMENTALS
Thermodynamics

ASSIGNMENT NO: __

SUBMITTED BY: HANS CHRISTIAN C. TAPAOAN

BSME 5A

1/30/2019

SCORE

ASSIGNMENT
1. If a block of copper weighing 0.50
lb is dropped from a height of 100 ft
into the tank, what is the change in
internal energy of the water?
2. Convert water pressure of 50
kN/m2 in equivalent meter - head of
water.
3. Consider 1 kg of air at 32˚C that
expended by a reversible polytropic
process with n= 1.25 until the
pressure is halved. Determine the
heat transfer. Specific heat at
constant volume for air is 0.1786
kJ/kg . K
4. The specific gas constant of
oxygen is R= 0.25983 kJ/kgK. If a 2
m3 tank contains 40 kg of oxygen at
40˚C, what is the gage pressure in
the tank?
5. Convert specific heat of 0.23
Btu/lb-˚F to kJ/kg-K
6. One kilogram of water (Cp= 4.2
kJ/kg.K) is heated by 300 Btu of
energy Btu of energy. What is the
change in temperature, in K?
7. A gas bubble rising from the
ocean floor is 1 inch in diameter at a
depth of 50 feet. Given that sp. gr. of
seawater is 1.03, the buoyant force
in the lbs being exerted on the
bubble at this instant is nearest to:
8. Determine the change in enthalpy
per lbm of nitrogen gas as its
temperature changes from 500 F to
200˚F. (Cp= 0.2483 Btu/lbm- R)
9. What is the resulting pressure
when one pound of air at 15 psia
and 200˚F is heated at constant
volume to 800˚F?
10. What horsepower is required to
isothermally compress 800 ft3 of air
per minute from 14.7 psia to 120
psia?
11. How many gallons per minute of
cooling water are required to
remove 100,000 kJ/hr of heat from a
diesel engine if the designed
temperature rise of the water is
20˚C?
12. Twenty grams of oxygen gas (O2)
are compressed at a constant
temperature of 30˚C to 5% of their
original volume. What work is the
done on the system?
13. A certain mass of gas having an
initial pressure of 17,237 kPa and an
initial volume of 0.057 m3 is
expanded isothermally to volume
0.113 m3. What is the work done by
the gas in kJ?
14. Air having an initial pressure of
6,516 kPa and an initial volume of
0.113 m3 is compressed
adiabatically to a final volume of
0.057 m3. Calculate the work done
by the gas as it compresses to a final
volume of 0.057 m3. Calculate the
work done by the gas as it
compresses to a final pressure of
17,237 kPa.
15. Gas is enclosed in a cylinder with
weighted piston as the top
boundary. The gas is heated and
expands from a volume of 0.04 m3 to
0.10 m3 at a constant pressure of
200 kPa. Calculate the work done by
the system.
16. Gas is enclosed in a cylinder with
a weighted piston as the top
boundary. The gas is heated and
expands from a volume of 0.04 m3 to
0.10 m3. The pressure varies such
that PV = constant, and the initial
pressure is 200 kPa. Calculate the
work done by the system.
17. Nitrogen is expanded
isentropically. Its temperature
changes from 620˚F to 60˚F. Find the
pressure ratio (p1/p2)
18. An engine takes in 11,000
Btu/min of heat from a hot body
while giving an output of 110 hp.
What is the thermal efficiency of this
engine?
19. Air expanded adiabatically from
an initial absolute pressure of 31026
kPa to a final absolute pressure of
1705 psi. If the initial temperature of
the air is 600 R, calculate its final
temperature.
20. With three different quantities x,
y, and z of the same =kind of liquid
of temperatures 9, 21 and 38˚C
respectively, it is found that when x
and y are mixed together the
resultant temperature is 17˚C and
when y and z are mixed together the
resultant temperature is 28˚C. Find
the resultant temperature if x and z
were mixed.
21. An air bubble rises from the
bottom of the well where the
temperature is 25˚C, to the surface
where the temperature is 27˚C. Find
the percent increase in the volume
of the bubble if the depth of the well
is 5 m. Atmospheric pressure is 101,
528 Pascals.
22. An ideal gas 45 psia and 80˚F is
heated in a closed container to
130˚F. what is the final pressure?
23. A large mining company was
provided with a 3000 cm3 of
compressed air tank. Air pressure in
the tank drops from 700 kPa to 180
kPa while the temperature remains
unchanged at 28˚C. what
percentage has the mass of air in the
tank been reduced?
24. How much work is necessary to
compress air in an insulated cylinder
from 0.20 m3 to 0.01 m3. Use T1=
20˚C and P1 = 100 kPa
25. A heat engine is operated
between temperature limits of
1370˚C and 260˚C. Engine is
supplied with 14,142 kJ/kwh. Find
the Carnot cycle efficiency in
percent.
26. A closed vessel contains air at a
pressure of 160 kN/m2 gauge and
temperature of 30˚C. The air is
heated at constant volume to 60˚C
with the atmospheric pressure of
759 mm Hg. What is the final gauge
pressure?
27. What is the temperature in ˚C of
2 liters of water at 30˚C after 500
Calories of heat have been added?
28. A volume of 450 cm3 of air is
measured at a pressure of 740
mmhg absolute at a temperature of
20˚C. What is the volume in cm3 at
760 mm Hg absolute and 0˚C?
29. Assuming compression is
according to the law PV = constant.
Calculate the initial volume of gas at
a pressure of 2 bar which will occupy
a volume of 6 m3 when it is
compressed to a pressure of 42 bar.
30. A steam condenser receives 10
kg per second of steam with an
enthalpy of 2,570 kJ/kg. Steam
condenses into liquid and leaves
with an enthalpy of 160 kJ/kg.
Cooling water passes through the
condenser with temperature
increases from 13˚C to 24˚C.
Calculate the cooling water flow
rate in kg/s.
31. A Steam expands adiabatically in
a turbine from 2000 kPa, 400˚C to
400 kPa, 250˚C. What is the
effectiveness of the process in
percent assuming an atmospheric
temperature of 15˚C. Neglect
changes in kinetic and potential
energy.
Properties of steam:
At 2000 kPa and 400˚C (h = 3247.6
kJ/kg, S = 7.1271 kJ/kg-K) and at 400
kPa and 250˚C (h = 27.1271 kJ/kg-K,
S = 7.3789 kJ/kg-K)
32. Steam enters the super heaters
of a boiler at a pressure of 25 bar
and dryness 0f 0.98 and leaves at
the same pressure of at a
temperature of 370˚C. Calculate the
heat energy supplied in the super
heaters.
Properties of steam:
At 25 bar and 370˚C (h = 3171.8
kJ/kg) and at 25 bar and 0.98
dryness (hf = 962.11 kJ/kg, hfg =
1841.01 kJ/kg).
33. The thermal efficiency of a
particular engine operating on an
ideal cycle is 35%. Calculate the heat
supplied per 1200 watt-hr of work
developed in kJ.
34. Determine the average Cp value
in kJ/kg-K of a gas if 522 kJ of heat is
necessary to raise the temperature
from 300 K to 800 K making the
pressure constant.
35. Ammonia weighing 22 kg is
confined inside a cylinder equipped
with a piston has an initial pressure
of 413 kPa at 38˚C. If 2900 kJ of heat
is added to the ammonia until its
pressure and temperature are 413
kPa and 100˚C, respectively. What is
the amount of work done by the
fluid in kJ?
36. What is the total required
heating energy in raising the
temperature of a given amount of
water when the energy supplied is
1000 kWh with heat losses of 25 %?
37. A vessel of 0.058 m3 capacity is
well insulated and is divided equally
by rigid conducting diaphragm.
Initially both halves contain air at
pressure of 137.8 kPa and 413.4 kPa
and a temperature of 27˚C and
177˚C respectively. What is the
increase of entropy of the system in
kJ/˚C.
38. A certain gas at 101.325 kPa and
16˚C whose volume is 2.83 m3 are
compressed into a storage vessel of
0.31 m3 capacity. Before admission,
the storage vessel contained the gas
at a pressure and temperature of
137.8 kPa and 24˚C. After admission,
the pressure has increased of 1171.8
kPa. What should be the final
temperature of the gas in the vessel
in Kelvin?
39. If the given specific heat at
constant temperature of CO2 is
given as 0.201 Btu/lb-R, what is the
value of the specific heat at constant
volume?
40. An amount of 4000 Btu of heat
has transferred from a reservoir at
800 deg. F to a reservoir at 200 deg.
F. Find the entropy change of the
system.
41. Find the mass of carbon dioxide
having a pressure of 20 psia at 200˚F
with 10 ft3 volume.
42. What is the approximate value
of the temperature of water having
enthalpy of 208 Btu/lb?
43. An ideal gas at 0.80 atmospheres
and 87 ˚C, 0.450 liter. How many
moles are in the sample? (R =0.0821
liter-atm/mole-K)
44. Two kilogram of air in a rigid tank
change its temperature from 32˚C to
150 ˚C. Find the work done during
the process.
45. A perfect gas has value of R =
58.8 ft-lb/lb-˚R and k = 1.26. If 20 Btu
were added to 10 lbs of the gas at
constant volume when initial
temperature 90˚F, find the final
temperature.
46. If the atmospheric air 14.7 psia
and 60 ˚F at sea level, what is the
pressure at 12000 ft altitude if air is
compressible. Note: @ 60 ˚F; the
density of air is 0.0763 lbm/ft3; P1=
14.7 psia
47. If air is at a pressure of 3200
lb/ft2 and at a temperature of 800 ˚R,
what is the specific volume?
48. Given 280 liters of a gas at a 63.5
cm Hg. The gas has a specific heat at
constant pressure of 0.847 kJ/kg K
and a specific heat at constant
volume of 0.659 kJ/kg K. Which of
the following most nearly equals the
volume of the gas would occupy at a
final pressure of 5atm if the process
is adiabatic?
49. If 0.5 kg of nitrogen with an
initial volume of 170 liters and a
pressure of 2,070 kPa expand in an
accordance with the law PVn =
constant to a final volume of 850
liters and a pressure of 275 kPa,
which of the following most nearly
equals the work done by the gas?
50. Air is flowing through a 100 mm
I.D. pipe at the rate of 6 kg/min. the
air pressure and temperature are
500 kPa and 30˚C respectively. Find
the velocity of the air in m/s.
51. A quantity of 55 m3 of water
passes through a heat exchanger
and absorbs 2,800,000 kJ. The exit
temperature is 95˚C. The entrance
water temperature in ˚C is nearest
to.
52. A gas company buys gas ta 630
kPa gauge and 24˚C and sells it at
9.65 cm of water pressure and -2˚C.
Disregarding the losses in the
distribution, which of the following
most nearly equals the number of
cubic meters sold for each cubic
meter purchased?
53. A closed container of helium
dropped from a balloon 4 km above.
Find the temperature difference
when the container hits the ground.
54. In a particular cycle, 350 MJ of
heat are transferred into the system
each cycle. The heat transferred out
the system is 297.5 MJ per cycle.
What is the thermal efficiency of the
cycle?
55. Steam flows into a turbine at the
rate of 10 kg/s and 10 kW of heat are
lost from the turbine. Ignoring
elevation and kinetic energy effects,
calculate the power output from the
turbine.
Note: h1 = 2739.0 kJ/kg and h2 =
2300.5 kJ/kg
56. The enthalpy of air is increased
by 139.586 kJ/kg in a compressor.
The rate of air flow is 16.42 kg/min.
the power output is 48.2 kW. Which
of the following values most nearly
equals the heat loss from the
compressor in kW?
57. A pressure gage registers 50 psig
in a region where the barometer is
14.25 psia. Find the absolute
pressure in psia.
58. A condenser vacuum gauge
reads 715 mm Hg when the
barometer stands 757 mm Hg. What
is the absolute pressure in the
condenser in kPa.
59. An oxygen cylinder of volume 2.3
ft3 has a pressure of 2200 psig and is
at 70˚F. Determine the mass of
oxygen in the cylinder.
60. A closed vessel contains air at a
pressure to 140 kg Kpag and
temperature of 20˚C. Find the final
gauge pressure if the air is heated at
constant volume to 40˚C. Take the
atmospheric pressure as 759 mm Hg.
61. Water substances at 70 bar and
65˚C enters a boiler tube constant
inside diameter of 25 mm. The
water leaves the boiler tube at 50
bar and 700K at velocity of 100m/s.
Calculate the inlet volume flow in
li./sec. At 70 bar & 65˚C, v1 =
0.06081 m3/kg.
62. Determine the average constant
pressure specific heat of steam at 10
kPa and 45.8˚C. Note: From steam
table, at 47.7˚C, h = 2588.1 kJ/kg and
at 43.8˚C, h = 2581.1 kJ/kg.
63. If 6 liters of a gas at a pressure of
100 kPaa are compressed reversibly
according to PV2 = C, until the
volume becomes 2 liters. Find the
final pressure.
64. If 10 lbs of water evaporated at
atmospheric pressure until a volume
of 288.5 ft3 is occupied, how much
work is done?
65. What pressure is column of
water 100 cm high equivalent to
66. Work done by a substance in
reversible nonflow manner in
accordance with V = 100/P ft3,
where P is in psia. Evaluate the work
done on or by the substance as the
pressure increases from 10 psia to
100 psia.
67. Assume 8 lb of a substance
receive 240 Btu of heat at constant
volume and undergo a temperature
change of 150˚F. Determine the
average specific heat for the
substance during the process.
68. Determine the specific weight of
air at 760 mmHg absolute and 22˚C.
69. A one cubic container contains a
mixture of gases composed of 0.02
kg-mol of oxygen and 0.04 kg-mol of
helium at a pressure of 220 kPa.
What is the temperature of this
ideal gas mixture in degrees Kelvin?
70. A pressure gage registers 50 psig
in a region where the barometer
reads 14.8 psia. Find the absolute
pressure in kPa.
71. A new temperature scale is to be
used where freezing and boiling
temperature of water is at 100 deg.
N and 100 deg. N respectively.
Calculate the absolute zero in
degree N.
83. In an isentropic process, P1 = 200
77. After series of state changes, the psi, P2 = 300 psi and T1 = 700˚R. Find
pressure and volume of 2.286 kg of the T2 = using k = 1.4.
Nitrogen (Cp = 1.0414 kJ/kg-K and Cv
=0.7442 kJ/kg-K) are each doubled.
What is ∆ S?

84. Nitrogen (k = 1.4) is expanded

72. Find the change in internal
energy of 5 lb of oxygen gas when
the temperature changes from
100˚F to 120 ˚F. Use Cv = 0.157
Btu/lb˚R.
78. Helium (R = 0.4968 Btu/lbm˚R) is
compressed isothermally 14.7 psia
and 68˚F. The compression ratio is 4.
Caculate the work done by the gas.
isentropically. Its temperature
changes from 620˚F to 60˚F. Find the
pressure ratio (P1/P2).

79. Twenty grams of oxygen gas (O2) 85. Nitrogen is expanded

73. The following expressions relate
to a particular gaseous mass: PV =
95T, h= 120 = 0.60T where these
units obtain in psf, V in ft3/lb, t in ˚R
and h in Btu/lb. If the specific heats
are temperature dependent only,
find Cp and Cv.
are compressed at a constant
temperature of 30˚C to 5 % of their
original volume. What work is the
done on the system?
isentropically. Its temperature
changes from 620˚F to 60˚F. The
volumetric ratio is (V2/V1) = 6.22 and
the value of R for nitrogen is 0.0787
Btu/lbm˚R. What is the work done by
the gas?

80. Gas is enclosed in a cylinder with

74. Calculate the change in enthalpy
as 1 kg of nitrogen is heated from
1000 K to 1500 K, assuming the
nitrogen is an ideal gas at a constant
pressure. The temperature
dependent specific heat of nitrogen
is Cp = 39.06 – 512.79 T-1.5 + 1072.7
T-2 – 820.4T-3 wher Cp is in kJ/kg-mol,
and T is in K.
75. For a certain ideal gas, r = 0.277
kj/kg-k and k = 1.384. What are the
values of Cp and Cv?
76. An air with mass of 0.454 kg and
an unknown mass of CO2 occupy an
85 liters tank at 2068.44 Kpaa. If the
partial pressure of the CO2 is 344.74
kPaa, determine its mass.
weighted piston as the top
boundary. The gas is heated and 86. If the ˚F scale is twice the ˚C scale,
expands from a volume of 0.04 m3 to what is the reading in Fahrenheit?
0.10 m3 at a constant pressure of
200 kPa. Calculate the work done by
the system.
87. Water enters the condenser at
30˚C and leaves at 60˚C. What is the
temperature difference in ˚F?
81. A piston-cylinder system
contains a gas which expands under
a constant pressure of 1200 lb/ft2. If
the piston is displaced 1 ft during the
process, and the piston diameter is
2 ft. What is the work done by the 88. A cylinder piston arrangement
gas on the piston? contains saturated water vapor at
110˚C. The vapor is compressed in a
reversible adiabatic process until
the pressure is 1.6 Mpa. Determine
the work done by the system per kg
of water. At 110˚C, S1 = 7.2387 kJ/kg-
K, U1 = 2518.1 kJ/kg and at 1.6 Mpa,
82. Gas is enclosed in a cylinder with S2 = 7.2374 kJ/kg-K, U2 = 3950.1 kJ/k,
a weighted piston as the top T2 = 400˚C.
boundary. The gas is heated and
expands from a volume of 0.04 m3 to
0.10 m3. The pressure varies such
that PV = constant, and the initial
pressure is 200 kPa. Calculate the
work done by the system.
89. Helium is compressed isothermally 14.7 psia and 68˚F. 95. An ideal gas mixture consists of 2 kmol of N2 and 6
The compression ratio is 4. Calculate the change in Kmol of CO2. The apparent gas constant is:
entropy of the gas given that RHelium = 0.4961 Btu/lbm˚R.

96. An elastic sphere containing gas at 120 kPa has a

90. Steam at the rate of 500 kg/hr is produced by a steady diameter of 1.0. Heating the sphere causes it to expand to
flow system boiler from feedwater entering at 40˚C. Find a diameter of 1.3 m. During the process the pressure is
the rate at which heat is transformed in kCal/hr if the proportional to the sphere diameter. Calculate the work
enthalpy of steam is 600 kCal/kg and of steam 50 kCal/kg. done by the gas in kJ.

91. During the polytropic process of an ideal gas, the state 97. An ideal gas with molecular weight of 7.1 kg/kg mol is
changes from 138 kPa and 5˚C to 827 kPa and 171˚C. Find compressed from 600 kPa and 280 deg K to a final specific
the value of n. volume of 0.5 m3/kg. Calculate the work of compression in
kJ/kg?

92. For an ideal gas, what is the specific molar entropy

change during an isothermal process in which the pressure 98. An air compressed adiabatically from 30˚C to 100˚C. If
changes from 200 kPa to 150 kPa? mass of air being compressed in 5 kg. Find the change in
entropy.

99. Find the enthalpy of Helium if its internal energy is 200

93. Water enters the heater at 25˚C and leaves at 80˚C. kJ/kg.
What is the temperature change in˚F?

94. An ideal gas mixture consists of 2 kmol of N2 and 6

Kmol of CO2. The mass fraction of CO2 is: 100. What is the lifting force in kN for a 10 m diameter
spherical balloon with helium inside at 101 kPa and 320 K
surrounded by air at 101 kPa and 298.15 K?