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INTRODUCTION

As the technology advances there is an increasing need for improvement in the


existing technology. So as we found out there are some areas where we can provide
a single unit control which will be must beneficial for providing an efficient working
in the industry. As the industry performing the manual work function so we are trying
to provide a single unit control to drive the multiple application under the regulated
control format so a single person can handle many application at a time with more
easy and comfortably.

With the advent of modern technology, the human brain is working day by day to
develop complex and more technology specific products which have multifarious
applications in the different aspects of work field.

This project deals with designing of one such product which can be used
multifariously in various commercial and official activities. An introduction to the
Project can be given as designing of an Automatic Car Parking controlled through a
microcontroller.

It consist of an panel which is attached to varies electrical devices from which a


single person can handles all system from one position This operations are controlled
by microcontroller. The desired physical results hence all operations can be easily
managed with the PC.
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CAR LIFT

There are many kinds of car lifts some of are defined as:

1. ELECTRO HYDRAULIC SCISSORS LIFT

This particular system is used for lifting distances of up to 6 meters (19'8'') or less.
Preffered when there is not enough room for side posts to elevate with 4 post
mechanical lifts or the cable lifts. Requires a pit of 10 cm up to 150 cm depending
on the travel distance. Plese contact for quotes and more..
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Technical Specs:

• lifting speed:
• Hydraulic Pack: KLEEMANN T-600
• Elevator cabin : DKP steel DIABAR model
• Cabin Gate : WITTUR full automatic, central
• Floor Gates : WITTUR full automatic, central 4 panel
• Floor Gate Dimensions: 2300hx3000w mm.
• Control Panel: PROKONT-WEBER,Wemin micro processor
• Control installation : LAPP KABEL or DRAKA
• Cabin control buttons: micro touch buton
• floor control buttons: micro touch buton
• Emergency control : 12 V.emergency and hand pump
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2. FULL AUTOMATIC ELECTRO HYDRAULIC CABLE LIFT

This is the most popular type for car lifting requirements especially for architectural
projects where car parking has been designed within the basement floors of the
buildings or old buildings rennovated with car parkings re-designed to be above or
below the street level. Available for lifting distances of up to 40 meters ( 130 feet )
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Technical Specs:

• Lifting speed: 31cm /sec ( 12'' / sec)


• Hydraulic Pack : KLEEMANN T-600
• elevator cabin : DKP steel DIABAR model
• Cabin Gate : WITTUR full automatic, central
• Floor Gates : WITTUR full automatic, central 4 panel
• Floor Gate Dimensions: 2300hx3000w mm.
• Control Panel: PROKONT-WEBER,Wemin micro processor
• Control installation : LAPP KABEL or DRAKA
• Cabin control buttons: micro touch buton
• floor control buttons: micro touch buton
• Emergency control : 12 V.emergency and hand pump

3. POST MECHANICAL VEHICLE LIFT


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System is good for elevatons up to only 3.5 meters ( 11'6''). This is an economical
type of vehicle lifting: The drawback of the system is that it requires 4 posts and
lifting speed is relatively slow due to its mechanical working principle.

Technical Specs:
• Lifting speed: cm /sec ( / sec)
• elevator cabin : DKP steel DIABAR model
• Cabin Gate : WITTUR full automatic, central
• Floor Gates : WITTUR full automatic, central 4 panel
• Floor Gate Dimensions: 2300hx3000w mm.
• Control Panel: PROKONT-WEBER,Wemin micro processor
• Control installation : LAPP KABEL or DRAKA
• Cabin control buttons: micro touch buton
• floor control buttons: micro touch buton
• Emergency control : 12 V.emergency and hand pump
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OTHER TYPES CAR LIFTING SYSTEM

1. SUB LIFT

Each vehicle can move in and out of the system independently without disturbing
the others. vehicles on the lower layer(s) can be parked when the system is raised.

• Roller Chain drive


• Operation; touch screen / push button / IC card
• max retrieval time: 45 seconds for the 2 layer system and 70 seconds for
the 3 layer system
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2. OPTI LIFT

Ideal to double existing parking spaces for offices, residential homes, apartments,
hotels, public and private parking lots, car collectors car rentals and dealers, for
both indoor and outdoor installations. Highly suitable for places with low height
constraints (Height clearance as low as 270 cm / 106”) No site building works
required for installation. Where there is a large parking requirement, using low cost
commercial power units, these lifts can be positioned next to each other for
maximum space utilization.
Being a dependent type parking system, makes this unit suitable for valet
operation. Please view "lifting up short movie" at the bottom of the page under the
heading "related downloads" . Adjustable height clearance with electric switch.
This particular model comes in 4 different sizes: 1) HIGH WIDE 2) HIGH
NARROW 3) LOW WIDE 4) LOW NARROW
Typically electro-static owen painted but also can be completely hot dip galvanized
on demand.
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3. MAJOR LIFT

• Industrial type prefabricated park-lifts can be used by Municipalities in high-


traffic city centers to deminish traffic caused by parking-space searching cars and
increase parking capacities..
• Increase the car parking capacity of your office building.
• At an auto gallery to demo more cars to get extra attention at the showroom.
• At a pay parking lot to increase the capacity of the premises..
• At a city centrum hotel garden, airport, shopping mall to increase the parking
capacity.
Cars at a parklift is extremely secure. Getting extra space is major advantage but
there are other advantages; Cars are much safer at the parklift against burglary or
theft. The chance of getting hit by other cars up above is simply none. Systems can
be used indoors or out. Needs almost no maintenance.. Just like the Opti-lift; Major
lift is a dependent type parking mechanism; Please review files at "related
downloads" section at the bottom of this page. Hot dip galvanizing of all steel
components protects these lifts for life.
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4. IDEA LIFT

These independent type lifts are suitable for new housing and commercial
developments..

This lift will allow all vehicles to be removed freely without disturbance of the
others. The IDEA lifts come in 3 different models each with various height
clearance options:
• 1) IDEA STANDART: Most popular type. Comes in various
headroom options suited for various size vehicles
• 2) IDEA LOW: Suitable, if overall height clearance is limited
3) IDEA 3-HIGH: To stack 3 high independently

Each of these models have mono versions (picture on the right)and duo
versions(picture on the left).Idea 3-high is only supplied in mono version (single
deck) All our idea models are typically completely hot-dip galvanized. Suitable
for both indoors and outdoors.
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Technical Specifications:

• Completely hot dip Galvanized for better protection.


• steelcable safety system against chain failure.
• Dual opposite gear safety mechanism to ensure balanced lifting
• Hydraulic security system:
1) stop valves for emergency use
2) parachute valves/hose rupture valves
• adjustable wheel stoppers for parking
• Installation time: 4-6 hours w/ 4 men
• Removable key control panel
• Bosh-Rexroth Power Packs

5. HIGH-Lift
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They are engineered to lift motor vehicles for parking purposes but also suitable for
car dealers to use as a showcase with glasscover around the steel construction..

Structural Analysis for these lifts has been carried out in accordance with UBC-97
(Uniform Building Code) & ASCE-7(American Society of Civil Engineers) with
EQ and wind loads taken into consideration. Systems are approved by City of New
York/Dept. of Buildings.

During manufacture, these units are sand blasted, treated with an anti- corrosion
coating and then painted giving a long operational life.. 4 highs and 3 highs come
in 2 different height versions for sedans and suvs.

Technical Specifications:

• Hydraulic engine Triple Phase.


• Multiple units can be linked together for commercial applications.
• Lifting capacity is 5500Kg /13750 lbs for the 3 HIGHs and 7500Kg
/18750 lbs for the 4 HIGHS
• NEW security system against steel cable failure.
• Has mechanical security system that prevents undesired moves.
• Can be lifted up or down manually in case of power failure.
• 45 seconds lifting time for each deck
• Lifting height 2m each deck /78" or optional 60" for low height
clearances.
• Can be installed indoors or out.
• Endurance approval issued by The City of New York Department of
Buildings - MEA
PARKING SYSTEM: 17.
There are many types of parking system. Some of are as follows

1. MULTI PARKING

• Because each elevator and cart is operated independently on each


level, entry and exit is quick. Retrieval time of a vehicle is less than
two minutes.
• Low noise and vibration. Elevators never touch guide rails, use of
urethane rollers minimize noise when transferring pallets from
elevator to carts and then to parking slot.
• Entry and exit is very quick and convenient. We incorporate a built in
turntable on each elevator.
• Completely equipped with multiple sensors and triple safety devices.
A self malfunction diagnostic control provides you with an excellent
level of safety and reliability.
• The Multi-Parking system has been designed to automatically move
the vehicles by lift which then transfers it to a waiting cart on one of
the multi- levels. The carts then travel horizontally and place the
vehicle in its appropriate slot. This system is suitable for middle and
large-scale buildings as well as independent public parking garage.
The multi-parker can accommodate as little as 20 vehicles to several
thousand units. It is therefore suitable for large scale projects. It can
move more than 2 vehicles at the same time for maximum efficiency.
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2. TOWER PARKING

• Minimal land use. An area of 7mx7m can park up to 50 vehicles.


• Low noise and vibration. Elevators never touch guide rails, use of urethane
rollers minimize noise when transferring pallets from elevator to storage
area.
• Entry and exit is very quick and convenient. We incorporate a built in
turntable on the elevator and retrieval time is less than two minutes.
• Completely equipped with multiple sensors and triple safety devices. A self
malfunction diagnostic control provides you with an excellent level of
safety.
• Has the capability of holding cue memory when multiple patrons come to
retrieve there vehicles during rush hours.
The elevator type often called the Parking Tower, is designed to
automatically move the vehicles on a pallet vertically on the elevator, it then
transfers it horizontally left or right for storage. Very fast retrieval time is
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accomplished in less than two minutes. This system is suitable for medium
or large scale buildings. It can also be used as a stand alone tower for a
parking garage business. Since it is controlled by an integrated computer
system, the overall operation can be viewed with one screen and its
operation is very user friendly. We incorporate German motors and
components are used in every system by world known SEW Eurodrive.

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3. SQUARE PARKING

• With eight times the space efficiency of a ramped garage, this system can
use the narrow basement spaces to its maximum capacity.
• Up to six levels can be equipped with this new technology.
• With the adoption of the high speed lifting mechanism, the elevating
speed has become very quick, thereby significantly shortening the time
required for entering and leaving.
• With our upper entrance design, it is convenient because the built-in
turntable allows for easy entry and exit.

After entering the vehicle in the parking garage, the parking system is
designed to move the vehicles vertically with elevators on each end. The
garage consists of several levels where the vehicles are moved
horizontally which rotate the pallets in conjunction with the elevators..
The multi floor circulation type is suitable for small and mid-sized
buildings because of its high space efficiency.

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4. Puzzle Parking in 2, 3, 4 or 5 HIGH versions

• Independent parking
• The top layer pallets can move up and down lower layer pallets can move
either left to right or up and down.
• Max time to retrive cars is 60 sec with 2 & 3 high systems and 90 sec
with 4 & 5 High systems
• PLC control, easy operation, push button
• lifting with chain at 2 & 3 highs and steel cables at 4 & 5 High systems
• Built in drop-protection, prevents failure and accidents.
• Photoelectric checking system which controls vehicle size
• Emergency stop pushbutton
• Steel construction with complete galvanization
• Safe operation, low maintenance

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LIST OF EQUIPMENTS USED

1. Wooden Pulley
2. Wood
3. Voltage Regulator 7805
4. Capacitors
5. Transistors
6. Light Dependent Resistor – LDR
7. Light Emitting Diode
8. Crystal Oscillator
9. Steeper motor
10. 2x16 Characters LCD Display

1. Wooden pulley

Wooden pulleys, available in a range of diameters.

• 4mm centre hole


• Supplied in packs of 10
• Cams, Gears & Pulleys, RVFM, Systems & Control, Wooden pulleys
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2. Wood
There are many types of woods we can used some of as follows

3. Voltage Regulater 7805

This is usually having three legs, converts varying input voltage and
produces a constant regulated output voltage. They are available in a variety
of outputs. The most common part numbers start with the numbers 78 or 79
and finish with two digits indicating the output voltage.

4. Capacitors

Capacitors store electrons by attracting them to a positive voltage. When the


voltage is reduced or removed, the electrons move off. When a capacitor
removes or adds electrons to the circuit in this fashion, it can work to smooth
out voltage fluctuations.
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5. Transistors

The transistor is an arrangement of semiconductor materials that share


common physical boundaries. Materials most commonly used are silicon,
gallium-arsenide, and germanium, into which impurities have been
introduced by a process called “doping.”

6. Light Dependent Resistor – LDR:-

Two cadmium sulphide(cds) photoconductive cells with spectral responses


similar to that of the human eye. The cell resistance falls with increasing light
intensity. Applications include smoke detection, automatic lighting control,
batch counting and burglar alarm systems.

5. Light emitting diode:


A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are
used as indicator lamps in many devices, and are increasingly used for
lighting. The LED is based on the semiconductor diode.

6. Crystal Oscillator
One of the most important features of an oscillator is its Frequency Stability,
or in other words its ability to provide a constant frequency output under
varying conditions.
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7. Steeper motor:-

A type of motor which takes DC pulse input and gives rotating motion in
steps . Stepper Motors operate in DC voltage and rotate in steps. The rotation
is very precise and can be made to stop at an angle. They are of two types
➢ Unipolar : which moves in one direction only
➢ Bipolar : which moves in both directions

8. 2x16 Characters LCD Display

It is a display device used in Embedded system to display information .It


contains 32 character space on screen arranged in 16 columns and 2 rows. A
liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat Electronic visual display that uses
the light modulating properties of liquid cryseals(LCs).

WORKING

The initial condition for the lift is at ground. At the ground controller always
check for the car to park and to retrieve car.

Car Parking –

Parking process starts with the car enters in the slot. Each floor consist
of two sensors, upper extreme & lower extreme to set/stop the position of the
lift.A display is provided at the ground floor which is basically a counter that
displays number of cars in each floor. It informs whether the floors are
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fully filled with the cars or is it having place in a particular floor or not. There
is facility of lift to carry the car to up and down. Movement of Lift is
controlled by stepper motor.When the lift reaches the first floor, the processor
compares the filled amount to that of the already fed capacity of that floor,
and if it finds that the first floor is fully filled , it goes to the second floor
and thus the procedure stops here. As soon as a car is placed in a particular
floor, the display counter at the ground floor increments as to indicate the
floor capacity has decreased by one. After the lift places the car in a particular
floor, it comes back to its normal position and that time, the motor that drives
it , also stops.When a person needs to come down from a particular floor to
ground floor, he is expected to focus the headlight onto the LDR placed in
that floor. Now sensor section sends signal to motor that the lift has to be send
back to that particular floor and sends a signal to glow RED LED indicating
that the lift is busy. As soon as the lift reaches that particular floor car should
come inside the lift, the display counter at the ground floor decrements by
one as to indicate the floor capacity has increased by one. Lift comes back to
its normal position and that time, the motor that drives it , also stops.

30.
LITERATURE REVIEW

This article by Smith and Roth (2003), talks about how advanced Car Park
techniques are being implemented using the SMS services available on cellular
phones. It describes how useful these advanced car parking systems are in providing
drivers with information about the structure of the car park system and the spaces
available for them to park their cars.

The availability of the vacant parking spaces is calculated by means of sensors


installed in the parking areas, which count the number of cars that enter and exit from
the parking space. Also, the number of parking tickets issued at the ticket counter
can be used to calculate the vacant spaces. All this information from the sensors and
the ticket counters is used to update a central database which stores all the
information about the areas of the parking space which is vacant or occupied. Smith
and Roth (2003) also compare the parking techniques used at various airports in the
United States. Among these, the notable ones are Houston International airport and
the Baltimore airport at Massachusetts. The parking spaces at Houston international
airport have wires embedded at the entry, exits and the various levels of the parking
lots. These wires act as sensors and record the entry and exit of the card to update
the central database. At the Baltimore airport, there are ultrasonic sensors at the top
of each parking space which sense the availability or unavailability of each space.
These sensors update the central database. Information from this central database is
used to display information at the “way-find” signs at the end of each row of the
parking area and advise the drivers whether parking space is available or unavailable
in that particular row.

These advanced car park systems also provide advanced, electronic payment options
for the customers. The idea behind these electronic payment options is to
prevent the customers from having to wait in long queues to but a ticket. “Queues
can cause congestion in areas within and outside of parking facilities”
[1]. Smith and Roth (2003), in their article, cite examples of mobile parking or “m-
parking” facilities that are being used in Vienna (Austria) and Melbourne (Australia).
Under the m-parking technology, customers initially register their mobile number,
the license plate number of the car and their credit card number with the car park
authorities, to create what is called a “virtual parking ticket account”
[2]. This completes the initial, one-time registration process. Whenever the customer
needs to park, they would send an SMS text message to the number provided by the
car park authorities. The SMS message would consist of the license plate number of
the car, the location code of the parking area where they want to park and the time
duration (in minutes) for which the customer wants to park. In return, the customer
would then receive a text message from the car park message centre, with the
confirmation and the expiry time of their electronic parking ticket. The customer
would be sent a reminder SMS, 10 minutes before the parking time expires. The bill
for the parking ticket would come up on the customer’s mobile bill.
Thus, these advanced car park techniques provide the car parking authorities as well
as the customers with the following advantages (Smith and Roth, 2003):

✓ Reduction in time spent and fuel consumed while searching for available
parking space.
✓ Reduction in congestion due to fewer cars driving around searching for
spaces.
✓ Elimination of queues entering parking facilities because drivers will not go
to a facility where there is no available space.
✓ Reduction in illegally parked vehicles.
✓ Better distribution of flow and parking demand through the area.
✓ APS systems result in higher revenues and profitability for the parking
facilities.

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