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Dr Izaro Lopez Garcia

BES La Salle
Managing in technology intensive organizations
Table of Contents
 What is Nanotechnology
 Current and Future Applications
 The Business Environment
 Nanotechnology Value Chain
 Where is nano in the tech curve?
 “Valley of Death” between “proof of concept” and “reduction
to practice”
 Volumes and Markets
 Research & Development
 Open Innovation vs Closed Innovation
 The Stakeholders Environment
 Health, Environment and Safety Risks
 Regulatory Environment
 Future of Technology Business Leadership
and why we need it.
What is Nanotechnology
An industry definition

Not “nano” by accident


Really small

The purposeful engineering of matter and


structures at scales of less than 100 nanometres
to achieve size-dependent properties and
functions.
Not just “small” but “small”
and “different”
In Technology, Size Matters

One of the most


difficult things to
understand about
nanotechnology is to
get a solid grip of
exactly how small
nanoparticles are.
This image seeks to
better illustrate this
by comparing nano
sized objects with
the size of an ant,
mite, hair, red blood
cell and DNA strand.
Play videos...

 Technology in its early, imperfect form, has been a mostly


negative force on the environment.
 Nanotechnology will produce effectively no waste and not
involve any cutting, grinding, sanding, melting, forging, or
herding of large numbers of unruly atoms.
 Nanocomputers will ultimately control the direct "printing"
of any item via an assembler straight from data using pure
feedstock atoms or molecules.
 Nanotechnology will make exactly what it is expected to
make - no more, no less - and therefore no
pollution. Matter will be used more efficiently by this
technology and put to much better use; rather than just
taking up mass and space, objects will become multi-
functional, intelligent and atomically precice.
Nanotech’s impact gets broader & deeper, eclipsing established techs
Nanotechnology Value Chain

Nano-enabled
Nanomaterials Nanointermediates products
Intermediate Finished Goods
Nanoscale structures
Products with Incorporating
in unprocessed form
nanoscale features Nanotechnologies

• Nanoparticles • Coatings • Cars


• Nanotubes • Fabrics • Clothing
• Quantum Dots • Memory & Logic Chips • Airplanes
• Fullerenes • Contrast Media • Computers
• Dendrimers • Optical Components • Consumer Electronics
• Nanoporous • Orthopedic Materials Devices
Materials... • Superconductive Wire... • Processed Food
• Plastic Containers
• Appliances...
Global Growth & Medium Term Forecasts

The 2004 to 2007 time period marked


the first phase of emerging
nanotechnology development, as key
innovations made their first big
commercial splashes. We see this time as
the first of three phases of emerging
nanotech adoption, each with unique
characteristics.
2004 to 2007: Incorporation into initial
products driven by manufacturing and
materials
2008 to 2011: Broadening into more new
product categories across all sectors
2012 to 2015: Deepening impact from
new innovations in existing applications
Commercialisation Process: nanoS-curve
Commercialisation Process: Challenges
Crossing the Valley of Death: between Proof of Concept and Reduction to Practice
Nanomaterials: Ceramic Nanoparticles

 Market in 2005: $179 million


 Market in 2010: $1.5 billion
 Material costs: Dollars to thousands
of dollars per kilogram
 Primary applications: Nanoclays for
structural composites; UV absorbers
in cosmetics, plastics, and coatings;
CMP slurries; fuel catalysts;
photocatalytic coatings, glasses, and
filters; batteries; Grätzel solar cells
Nanomaterials: Metal Nanoparticles

 Market in 2005: $89 million


 Market in 2010: $770 million
 Material costs: Tens to many
thousands of dollars per kilogram
 Primary applications: Vast majority
either in antimicrobial nanosilver or
in catalysis using particles of Pt, Pd,
Ni, Co, Rh, etc.; also conductive
layers in displays; printed electronics,
esp. with Cu, Ag; sensors (SERS or
plasmonics based); Al nanoparticles
for “energetics”
Nanomaterials: Nanoporous Materials

 Market in 2005: $54 million


 Market in 2010: $690 million
 Material costs: Tens to many
thousands of dollars per kilogram
 Primary applications: Vast majority in
aerogel materials (primarily silica) for
insulation, as well as in optics,
electronics, catalysis; polymers for
separation media; polymers, silicon,
or carbon for drug delivery systems;
carbon, polymer, hydroxyapatite,
etc. medical device coatings
Nanomaterials: Carbon nanotubes

 Market in 2005: $43 million


 Market in 2010: $260 million
 Material costs: Tens to many
thousands of dollars per kilogram
 Primary applications: Substantial
majority by volume today and for
foreseeable future in MWNTs for
conductive and structural
composites; emerging uses of SWNT
composites and in memory, sensors,
thermal management, conductive
display layers, EMI/ESD coatings
Nanomaterials: Nanostructured Metals

 Market in 2005: $28 million


 Market in 2010: $198 million
 Material costs: Hundreds to many
thousands of dollars per kilogram
 Primary applications: Hard coatings
or structural components in
aerospace, automotive, pipelines,
sporting goods; chromium-free anti-
corrosive coatings
Nanomaterials: Dendrimers

 Market in 2005: $12 million


 Market in 2010: $42 million
 Material costs: Hundreds to many
thousands of dollars per kilogram
 Primary applications: Drug delivery,
therapeutics, and diagnostics;
applications mooted in personal care,
coatings, composites, inks, and
adhesives
 Note: Dendritic NanoTechnologies expects
orders of magnitude cost decreases with new
synthesis techniques
Nanomaterials: Quantum dots

 Market in 2005: $4.3 million


 Market in 2010: $38 million
 Material costs: Thousands of dollars
per kilogram
 Primary applications: Biolabels and in
vitro diagnostics; optoelectronic
applications like LEDs, displays, solar
cells; inks and paints for
identification or brand protection
Nanomaterials: Fullerenes

 Market in 2005: $2.5 million


 Market in 2010: $60 million
 Material costs: Thousands of dollars
per kilogram
 Primary applications: Composites,
mainly for sporting goods;
antioxidant additives for cosmetics;
organic solar cell components; fuel
cells; uses as lubricants and as novel
therapeutics are mooted as well
Nanomaterials: Nanowires

 Market in 2005: <$1 million


 Market in 2010: $16 million
 Material costs: Thousands of dollars
per kilogram
 Primary applications: Conductive
layers for displays; sensors; solar
cells; logic devices
Nanomaterials: Other important categories

 Polymer nanoparticles: Engineered nanoscale particles of


latexes, urethanes, acrylics, etc. used or studied for
coating and composite formulations by BASF, Arkema,
DuPont, Rohm & Haas, et al.
 Drug nanoparticles and nanoscale reformulations:
Coated nanoparticles of actives or encapsulation in
liposomes, micelles, emulsion, etc., used in over $1 billion
worth of drugs currently, and similar technologies are
also widely applied to food and personal care
 Nanoscale films: Sub 100-nm layers of polymers, metals,
ceramics which are self-assembled or deposited on
surfaces from Si-C wafers to glass to fabrics
Open Innovation
New technology strategies and their application to nanotechnology

“Open innovation is a paradigm that assumes that firms can and


should use external ideas as well as internal ideas, and internal and
external paths to market, as the firms look to advance their
technology”.
Henry Chesbrough. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation Landscape (2006)

The boundaries between a firm and its environment become more


permeable; innovations can easily transfer inward and outward.
The central idea behind open innovation is that in a world of widely
distributed knowledge, companies cannot afford to rely entirely on
their own research, and should instead buy or license processes or
inventions from other companies. In addition, internal inventions
not being used in a firm's business should be taken outside the
company.
Closed Innovation Principles:
• The smart people in the field
work for us.
• To profit from R&D, we must
discover it, develop it, and ship it
ourselves.
• If we discover it ourselves, we
will get it to the market first.
• The company that gets an
innovation to the market first
will win.
• If we create the most and the
best ideas in the industry, we will
win.
• We should control our IP, so that
our competitors don't profit
from our ideas.
Open Innovation Principles:
• Not all the smart people in the
field work for us. We need to
work with smart people inside
and outside the company.
• External R&D can create
significant value: internal R&D is
needed to claim some portion of
that value.
• We don't have to originate the
research to profit from it.
• Building a better business model
is better than getting to the
market first.
• If we make the best use of
internal and external ideas, we
will win.
• We should profit from others'
use of our IP, and we should buy
others' IP whenever it advances
our business model.
Risks and Legal Framework
Health, Environment and Safety Risks
Lack of regulation can damage technology reputation

 The catch-all term ”nanotechnology” is so broad as to be ineffective as a


guide to tackling issues of risk management, risk governance and
insurance.
 Health, environment and safety risks concerns are related to free
nanoparticles.
 relevant only for a certain portion of the widespread applications of
nanotechnologies.
 The implications of the special properties of nanoparticles with respect
to health and safety have not yet been taken into account by regulators.
 Size effects are not addressed by EU’s REACH policy.
 Governments starting to tackle these.
 Over the next few years, more and more consumers will be exposed to
manufactured nanoparticles.
 Labelling requirements for nanoparticles do not exist.
 Studies on biopersistence, bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity have only just started.
 Promise of business opportunities
 Energy, health, water, climate, resources
 Governments investing heavily
 Key enabling inventions in the 1980s
 Current forecasts are uncertain
 Defining value added worth, role in new product development, 2008 crisis
factoring
 R&D activities geographically concentrated
 US, Japan, Germany, France, United Kingdom
 Newcomer: Korea, India, China
 Patenting distributed across broad range of sub-areas and
application fields
 Multiplicity of applications of technology & its general purpose nature.
 Commercialisation remains challenging
 High processing costs, scalability, concerns about environment, health &
safety
Future of Technology Business Leadership
Stealth Success, Broad Impact

Nanotechnology – and the nanomaterials that are the


root of the value chain – has taken hold in many
industries, as corporate, government, and venture
capital funding have driven spending on nanotech R&D
to $13.5 billion. Despite some applications that failed to
live up to the hype, emerging nanotechnology was
used in $147 billion worth of products in 2007, and will
impact $3.1 trillion in manufactured goods in 2015.
Large companies are taking a more selective approach
to nanotech, while concerns that have hampered the
field – like potential environmental, health, and safety
risks, and misbegotten specialist strategies – are
moving towards resolution.
Dr. ÍzaroLópezGarcía
is a consultant and partner at Organisol, which he cofounded in 2008. He provides
specialised consulting services to companies and institutions focused in
nanotechnology applications and open innovation strategies.

Ízaro can be reached at:


email: izaro@organisol.eu
Web: www.organisol.eu
Fax: +34 917615112
Mob: +34 677567771

For more information read:


 Opportunities and risks of Nanotechnologies (OECD - 2006)
 Nanotechnology, an overview based on indicators and statistics (OECD - 2009)
 Nanotech Report 5th Edition (Lux Research - 2007)
 Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation Landscape (Henry
Chesbrough, 2006)

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