Professional Documents
Culture Documents
includes one million titles.[2][3][4][5] Scribd hosts 60 million documents on its open
publishing platform.[6]
Founded in 2007 by Trip Adler, Jared Friedman, and Tikhon Bernstam, and
headquartered in San Francisco, California, the company is backed by Khosla Ventures,
Y Combinator, Charles River Ventures, and Redpoint Ventures.[7] Scribd's e-book
subscription service is available on Android and iOS smartphones and tablets, as well as
the Kindle Fire, Nook, and personal computers. Subscribers can access unlimited books
a month[8] from 1,000 publishers, including Bloomsbury, Harlequin, HarperCollins,
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Lonely Planet, Macmillan, Perseus Book Group, Simon &
Schuster, Wiley, and Workman.[9][10]
Scribd has 80 million users, and has been referred to as "the Netflix for books".[11][12][13]
Contents
1 History
o 1.1 Founding (2007–2013)
o 1.2 Subscription service (2013–present)
o 1.3 Audiobooks
o 1.4 Comics
2 Timeline
3 Financials
4 Technology
5 Reception
o 5.1 Accusations of copyright infringement
o 5.2 Controversies
o 5.3 BookID
6 Supported file formats
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
History
Founding (2007–2013)
Scribd began as a site to host and share documents.[12] While at Harvard, Trip Adler was
inspired to start Scribd after learning about the lengthy process required to publish
academic papers.[14] His father, a doctor at Stanford, was told it would take 18 months
to have his medical research published.[14] Adler wanted to create a simple way to
publish and share written content online.[15] He co-founded Scribd with Jared Friedman
and attended the inaugural class of Y Combinator in the summer of 2006.[16] There,
Scribd received its initial $120,000 in seed funding and then launched in a San
Francisco apartment in March 2007.[6]
Scribd was called "the YouTube for documents", allowing anyone to self-publish on the
site using its document reader.[14] The document reader turns PDFs, Word documents,
and PowerPoints into Web documents that can be shared on any website that allows
embeds.[17] In its first year, Scribd grew rapidly to 23.5 million visitors as of November
2008.[18] It also ranked as one of the top 20 social media sites according to Comscore.[18]
In June 2009, Scribd launched the Scribd Store, enabling writers to easily upload and
sell digital copies of their work online.[19] That same month, the site partnered with
Simon & Schuster to sell e-books on Scribd.[20] The deal made digital editions of 5,000
titles available for purchase on Scribd, including books from bestselling authors like
Stephen King, Dan Brown, and Mary Higgins Clark.[21]
In October 2009, Scribd launched its branded reader for media companies including The
New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, The Huffington Post,
TechCrunch, and MediaBistro.[17] ProQuest began publishing dissertations and theses
on Scribd in December 2009.[22] In August 2010, many notable documents hosted on
Scribd began to go viral, including the California Proposition 8 ruling, which received
over 100,000 views in about 24 minutes, and HP's lawsuit against Mark Hurd's move to
Oracle.[23][24]
In October 2013, Scribd officially launched its unlimited subscription service for e-
books.[11] This gave users unlimited access to Scribd's library of digital books for a flat
monthly fee.[11] The company also announced a partnership with HarperCollins which
made the entire backlist of HarperCollins' catalog available on the subscription
service.[25] According to Chantal Restivo-Alessi, chief digital officer at HarperCollins,
this marked the first time that the publisher has released such a large portion of its
catalog.[26] In March 2014, Scribd announced a deal with Lonely Planet, offering the
travel publisher's entire library on its subscription service.[27]
In May 2014, Scribd further increased its subscription offering with 10,000 titles from
Simon & Schuster.[28] These titles included works from authors such as: Ray Bradbury,
Doris Kearns Goodwin, Ernest Hemingway, Walter Isaacson, Stephen King, Chuck
Klosterman, and David McCullough.[29]
Scribd added audiobooks to its subscription service in November 2014 and comic books
in February 2015.[4][30]
In February 2016, it was announced that only titles from a rotating selection of the
library would be available for unlimited reading, and subscribers would have credits to
read three books and one audiobook per month from the entire library; unused credits
roll over to the next month.[31]
In October 2018, Scribd announced a joint subscription to Scribd and The New York
Times for $12.99 per month.
Audiobooks
In November 2014, Scribd added audiobooks to its subscription library.[35] Wired noted
that this was the first subscription service to offer unlimited access to audiobooks, and
"it represents a much larger shift in the way digital content is consumed over the net."[36]
In April 2015, the company expanded its audiobook catalog in a deal with Penguin
Random House.[37] This added 9,000 audiobooks to its platform including titles from
authors like Lena Dunham, John Grisham, Gillian Flynn, and George R.R. Martin.[38]
Comics
In February 2015, Scribd introduced comics to its subscription service.[39] The company
added 10,000 comics and graphic novels from publishers including Marvel, Archie,
Boom! Studios, Dynamite, IDW, and Valiant.[30] These included series such as
Guardians of the Galaxy, Daredevil, X-O Manowar, and The Avengers.[40][41] However,
in December 2016, comics were eliminated from the service due to low demand.
Timeline
In February 2010, Scribd unveiled its first mobile plans for e-readers and
smartphones.[42] In April 2010 Scribd launched a new feature called "Readcast",[43]
which allows automatic sharing of documents on Facebook and Twitter.[44] Also in
April 2010, Scribd announced its integration of Facebook social plug-ins at the
Facebook f8 Developer Conference.[45]
In October 2013, Scribd launched its e-book subscription service, allowing readers to
pay a flat monthly fee in exchange for unlimited access to all of Scribd's book titles.[47]
Financials
The company was initially funded with US$120,000 from Y Combinator in 2006, and
received over US$3.7 million in June 2007 from Redpoint Ventures and The Kinsey
Hills Group.[48][7] In December 2008, the company raised US$9 million in a second
round of funding led by Charles River Ventures with re-investment from Redpoint
Ventures and Kinsey Hills Group.[49] David O. Sacks, former PayPal COO and founder
of Yammer and Geni, joined Scribd's board of directors in January 2010.[50]
In January 2011, Scribd raised an additional US$13 million in a round led by MLC
Investments of Australia and SVB Capital.[51] In January 2015, the company raised
US$22 million in new funding from Khosla Ventures with partner Keith Rabois joining
the Scribd board of directors.[52]
Technology
In July 2008, Scribd began using iPaper, a rich document format similar to PDF built
for the web, which allows users to embed documents into a web page.[53] iPaper was
built with Adobe Flash, allowing it to be viewed the same across different operating
systems (Windows, Mac OS, and Linux) without conversion, as long as the reader has
Flash installed (although Scribd has announced non-Flash support for the iPhone).[54]
All major document types can be formatted into iPaper including Word docs,
PowerPoint presentations, PDFs, OpenDocument documents, OpenOffice.org XML
documents, and PostScript files.
All iPaper documents are hosted on Scribd. Scribd allows published documents to either
be private or open to the larger Scribd community. The iPaper document viewer is also
embeddable in any website or blog, making it simple to embed documents in their
original layout regardless of file format. Scribd iPaper required Flash cookies to be
enabled, which is the default setting in Flash.[55]
On May 5, 2010, Scribd announced that they would be converting the entire site to
HTML5 at the Web 2.0 Conference in San Francisco.[56] TechCrunch reported that
Scribd is migrating away from Flash to HTML5. "Scribd co-founder and chief
technology officer Jared Friedman tells me: 'We are scrapping three years of Flash
development and betting the company on HTML5 because we believe HTML5 is a
dramatically better reading experience than Flash. Now any document can become a
Web page.'"[57][58]
Scribd has its own API to integrate external/third-party applications,[59] but is no longer
offering new API accounts.[60]
Since 2010, Scribd has been available on mobile phones and e-readers, in addition to
personal computers. As of December 2013, Scribd is available through the various app
stores on iOS and Android smartphones and tablets, as well as the Kindle Fire and Nook
tablets.
Reception
Scribd has been praised by several newspapers and magazines, including The New York
Times, Fast Company, Forbes, and The Wall Street Journal.[61] The company has been
dubbed the "Netflix for e-books"[11] by Wired, and is a known pioneer of the "all-you-
can-read" model for e-books.[13] Its founders, Trip Adler and Jared Friedman, have been
named to Forbes 30 Under 30 and Inc. 35 Under 35.[62][14]
In April 2015, Los Angeles favorably reviewed Scribd's subscription service by saying,
"Subscribing to Scribd is sort of like shopping at Trader Joes: you may not find every
product you want, but it sure as hell is convenient, inexpensive, and downright
delectable."[63] Scribd has grown to more than 100 million users in 75 countries who use
the site on a monthly basis.[64] As of June 2015, the Scribd app has been downloaded 5.7
million times on Android and 3.3 million times on iOS.[65]
In 2007, one year after its inception, Scribd was served with 25 Digital Millennium
Copyright Act (DMCA) takedown notices.[72]
The Guardian writes, "Harry Potter author [J.K. Rowling] is among writers shocked to
discover their books available as free downloads. Neil Blair, Rowling's lawyer, said the
Harry Potter downloads were 'unauthorised and unlawful'...Rowling's novels aren't the
only ones to be available from Scribd. A quick search throws up novels from Salman
Rushdie, Ian McEwan, Jeffrey Archer, Ken Follett, Philippa Gregory, and JRR
Tolkien."[73]
Controversies
In March 2009, the passwords of several Comcast customers were leaked on Scribd.
The passwords were later removed when the news was published by The New York
Times.[74][75][76]
In July 2010, GigaOM reported that the script of The Social Network (2010) movie was
uploaded and leaked on Scribd; it was promptly taken down per Sony's DMCA
request.[77]
Following a decision of the Istanbul 12th Criminal Court of Peace, dated 8 March 2013,
access to Scribd is blocked for Internet users in Turkey.[78]
In July 2014, Scribd was sued by Disability Rights Advocates, on behalf of the National
Federation of the Blind and a blind Vermont resident, for allegedly failing to provide
access to blind readers, in violation of the Americans with Disability Act.[79] Scribd
moved to dismiss, arguing that the ADA only applied to physical locations. In March
2015, the U.S. District Court of Vermont ruled that the ADA covered online businesses
as well. A settlement agreement was reached, with Scribd agreeing to provide content
accessible to blind readers by the end of 2017.[80]
BookID
See also
Amazon Lending Library and Kindle Unlimited
Document collaboration
Oyster (company)
Wayback Machine
Webcite
References
1.
84. Jason (February 26, 2009). "Info, FAQs, and Forums/FAQ: Writing,
Uploading and Managing Documents". Retrieved October 11, 2010.
External links
Media related to Scribd at Wikimedia Commons
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