Centralized Control Main Equipment Operating Procedures Version II PDF

1X660MW Coal-fired Unit of Phase II Project
of Cilacap Power Plant in Indonesia

PLTU CILACAP 1×660MW
Centralized Control Main

Equipment Operating
Procedures
Edition/ revision (2/0)
The second edition
Release Date: October 20th, 2016

PLTU Cilacap 1X660MW Centralized Control Main Equipment Operating Procedures
Second Edition Description

To ensure the safe, economical, environmental and stable operation of 1×660MW
coal-firing unit at Phase II of the Project in Cilacap and further promote the routine
work routinization, operation standardization, index control concretization, post work
omnipotence, part contents of the Centralized Control Main Equipment Operating
Procedures for 1×660MW Coal-firing Unit in Cilacap issued in August 2015 was
specially revised, mainly including the commissioning and nonconformities found
during preliminary operation. Besides, equipment dyssynchrony contents since
operation were also added in the Procedures and all listed parameters were checked and
improved so as to prepared the Centralized Control Main Equipment Operating
Procedures for 1×660MW Coal-firing Unit (Second Edition). The Procedure is
prepared according to relevant standard, operation guidance and countermeasures
requirements of power industry and the data manual of manufacturer and field
installation conditions as well as national standardization work guidelines.
The Procedures define the operation requirements for start, operating maintenance,
shutdown, maintenance, typical accident handling and typical test of centralized control
main equipment and system and the principles to be observed. Besides, The Procedures
will be properly revised and improved to adapt to the future field actual conditions.
The Centralized Control Main Equipment Operating Procedures for 1×660MW
Coal-firing Unit (Second Edition) takes effect upon the date of issuance and the
Centralized Control Main Equipment Operating Procedures for 1×660MW Coal-firing
Unit issued in August 2015 shall be cancelled.
The Procedures is:

Drafted by:
Reviewed by:
Approved by:
The Procedures is interpreted by the D&C Department of Operation Maintenance in
Cilacap.
D&C Department of Operation Maintenance,Cilacap
October, 2016
Contents
Chapter I Overview of Unit Equipment .......................................................... 1
1.1 Overview of Boiler Unit.................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Overview of Turbine Equipment ....................................................................................... 4
1.3 Overview of Generator Unit.............................................................................................. 5
Chapter II Unit Specifications ........................................................................... 6
2.1 Specifications of Boil Unit and Fuel Characteristics ........................................................ 6

2.2 Parameters of Steam Turbine Equipment ........................................................................ 13
2.3 Specifications for Generator and Excitation System Equipment .................................... 15
Chapter III Unit Control System ...................................................................... 19
3.1 Overview of DCS System of Unit ................................................................................... 19

3.2 Unit Control Mode .......................................................................................................... 20
Chapter IV Main Protections for Steam Turbine............................................ 24
4.1 ETS Protection and Interlocking for Steam Turbine ....................................................... 24

4.2 MFT Protection for Boiler............................................................................................... 26
4.3 Protection of Generator-transformer Unit ....................................................................... 27
Chapter V Overall Startup of Unit .................................................................. 30
5.1 Startup Regulations and Requirements ........................................................................... 30

5.2 Inspection and Test before Startup and Operation of Relevant System .......................... 32
5.3 Cold Start of Unit ............................................................................................................ 37
5.4 Unit hot Start ................................................................................................................... 61
5.5 Time Table for Load Increase of the Boiler under Different Modes ............................... 63
5.6 Time Table for Speed Increase of the Turbine under Different Modes ........................... 63
Chapter VI Unit Normal Operation and Adjustment .................................... 64
6.1 Unit Operation Mode ...................................................................................................... 64

6.2 Unit Coordination Control Mode .................................................................................... 64
6.3 Monitoring and Adjustment of Operation Parameters..................................................... 65
6.4 Normal Maintenance and Testing.................................................................................... 80
6.5 Operation under Off-design Conditions .......................................................................... 84
Chapter VII Unit Shutdown .............................................................................. 87
7.1 Preparation before Unit Shutdown .................................................................................. 87

7.2 Sliding-Parameter Shutdown of the Unit ........................................................................ 87
7.3 High-Parameter Hot Standby Shutdown ......................................................................... 95
Chapter VIII Maintenance after Unit Shutdown ............................................ 97
1
8.1 Maintenance after Boiler Shutdown ................................................................................ 97

8.2 Maintenance after Steam Turbine Shutdown .................................................................. 97
Chapter IX Accident Handling ......................................................................... 99
9.1 Principles for Handling Accidents................................................................................... 99

9.2 Electrical Accident Handling ........................................................................................ 100
9.3 Boiler Accident Handling .............................................................................................. 105
9.4 Treatment for Accidents of Steam Turbine.................................................................... 121
9.5 Abnormal Operation of Generator and Accident Handling ........................................... 136
Chapter X Appendixes.................................................................................... 145
10.1 Appendix I: Cold Start Curve of Boiler ........................................................................ 145

10.2 Appendix II: Warm Start Curve of Boiler ..................................................................... 145
10.3 Appendix III: Hot Start Curve of Boiler ....................................................................... 146
10.4 Appendix IV: Extremely-Hot Start Curve of Boiler...................................................... 146
10.5 Appendix V: Performance Curve of Reheat Steam Regulated by Flue Gas Damper .... 147
10.6 Appendix VI: Temperature Characteristic Curve of Superheated Steam ...................... 148
10.7 . Appendix VII: Curve for Joint Start of High and Medium Pressure Cylinders - Cold State
Bypass Start............................................................................................................................... 148
10.8 Appendix VIII: Curve for Joint Start of High and Medium Pressure Cylinders - Warm
State Bypass Start ...................................................................................................................... 149
10.9 Appendix IX: Curve for Joint Start of High and Medium Pressure Cylinders - Hot State
Bypass Start............................................................................................................................... 150
10.10 Appendix X: Curve for Joint Start of High and Medium Pressure Cylinders - Extremely
Hot State Bypass Start ............................................................................................................... 150
10.11 Appendix XI: Temperature Difference between Main Steam and Reheated Steam .. 151
10.12 Appendix XII: V Curve of Generator........................................................................ 152
10.13 Appendix XIII: Capacity Curve of Generator ........................................................... 153
10.14 Appendix XIV: Comparison Sheet for Pressure and Saturated Temperature of Steam ...
................................................................................................................................... 154
10.15 Appendix XV: Requirement for Empty-Load and Low-Load Reheated Steam
Temperature and Back Pressure ................................................................................................ 154
10.16 Appendix XVI: Parameters of Steam Starting in Front of Main Steam Valve .......... 155
10.17 Appendix XVII: Parameters of Steam Starting in Front of Main Steam Valve ......... 156
10.18 Appendix XVIII: Determination Curve for Parameters of Warm and Hot Start ....... 158
10.19 Appendix XIX: Ratings of Boiler ............................................................................. 159
10.20 Appendix XX: Ratings of Steam Turbine ................................................................. 162
2
Chapter I Overview of Unit Equipment

1.1 Overview of Boiler Unit
Type and structural features: 1×660MW supercritical unit boiler (model: DG2077.9/25.4-II12)
at Phase II of the Project was jointly designed and manufactured by Dongfang Boiler (Group)
Co., Ltd. and Babcock-Hitachi Dongfang Boiler Co., Ltd. It is a variable pressure supercritical
parameter once-through boiler in primary reheat, front and rear wall opposed firing, single
furnace and double-flue structure at the tail. Baffle is used to adjust reheat steam temperature
with features of dry ash extraction, all-steel structure, full-suspension structure and balanced
draft. Besides, it is arranged in open air.
Designed coal: brown coal with high moisture, high volatility, explosive and flammability, high
coking performance and high contamination ability at local Indonesia. Under the working
condition of B-MCR, when design coal with lower heating value Qnet,ar=15439KJ/kg (3692
kilocalorie) is used, the fuel consumption is about 384T/h;
Temperature adjustment method: superheated steam temperature is mainly adjusted by
adjusting fuel and proportion of feeding water and based on the primary and secondary
attemperating water. Reheated steam temperature is mainly adjusted via the temperature
adjustment smoke damper in the flue at the tail.
Air and flue system: air and flue system of the boiler is provided with 2 tri-sectional rotary air
heaters, 2 adjustable moving-blade axial-flow force draft fan and 2 adjustable moving-blade
axial-flow induced draft fans. A recirculating air duct is equipped at the inlet of force draft fan
and outlet of air preheater to achieve air intaking of air preheater and lift the temperature of
intaking air of air preheater. The boiler is provided with an electrostatic precipitator with dust
collection efficiency reaching 99.7%.
Coal pulverizing system: the boiler is equipped with positive pressure and direct firing
pulverizing system, which is composed of two double moving-blade adjustable primary fans,
two seal fans, six HP1163 medium speed mills and six electronic weighing type coal feeders.
As for the fineness of pulverized coal, the passing rate shall be 65% when using 200-mesh sieve
and 5 coal mills can meet the BRL loads of boiler when burning design coal.
Combustion appliance: HT-NR3 cyclone type burner is used and arranged on both front and
rear walls in opposed firing mode; each wall has three layers and each layer is provided with 6
burners. There are 36 burners in total. Each coal mill supplies the 6 burners on each layer of
front wall (or rear wall). In the meantime, both front and rear walls are respectively arranged
with six burn-out wind AAP nozzles on layer and each layer is provided with 2 side burn-out
wind SAP nozzles (between upper burner and burn-out wind and on both ends of front and
rear wall). Each pulverized coal burner of coal mill A on rear wall is provided with a 100kg/h
tiny oil gun (mechanical atomization) to start oil gun, ignite pulverized coal burner and
maintain the stable combustion of pulverized coal burner. Each burning center of middle and
upper rows of front and rear walls is equipped with warm-up oil gun for ignition, furnace
warming and stable combustion under low load. There are totally 30 tiny oil guns for whole
boiler. Simple mechanical atomization is used, and the capacity of single oil gun is 1200kg/h
with gun-front pressure being about 3.0MPa. Advance and retreat stroke of oil gun and igniteris
400mm. Cooling duct is provided before the inlet of each burner and cooling air valve shall be
opened when the burner is shut down. All dampers are adjusted by actuating mechanism.
Except that tiny-oil ignition is employed for the burner at lower layer of rear wall, other burners
are respectively provided with one ignition oil gun and high-energy igniter.
Soot blower system: the soot blower system is provided with 60 furnace soot blowers, 38
1
convection heating surface soot blowers (including 34 long-stretch type soot blowers and 4
half-stretch type soot blowers). Each air preheater is provided with a soot blower and there are
totally 100 boilers.
Feedwater regulating: unit is provided with a 2×50%B-MCR steam-driven feed water pump
and one electric constant-speed feed water pump with capacity of 30%B-MCR.
Turbine bypass system: 35%B-MCR high capacity, low-pressure series-wound bypass is
employed.
Lowest stable firing load of boiler without oil: no more than 35%B-MCR load.
Burner Distribution
Center line of Center line of
front-wall water rear-wall water
cooling wall cooling wall
Center line of boiler

Overfire air Overfire air
Side overfire air Side overfire air
Front Furnace Rear

wall wall
2
Burner at Layer C and E
Burner at Layer D and B
Burner at Layer F and A
Steam flow:
Primary and secondaryattemperating water of superheater
Feedwater of HP outlet Economizer Spiral water wall Center header of water Vertical water
cooling wall cooling wall
Drain flash tank of boiler
Water Condenser
Vertical water cooling wall outlet Start separator Steam Ceiling superheater
mixing header
Front wrapped wall of convection flue gas pass

and level flue water cooling wall Right-left staggered,
Supporting Low-temperature primaryattemperation
Middle wrapped wall of convection flue tube superheater
gas pass and wall on both sides
Rear wrapped wall of convection flue gas pass
HP bypass of
Right-left staggered, turbine
secondaryattemperation High-temperature HP cylinder of
Platen superheater superheater turbine
Right-left staggered, LP bypass of
emergency turbine
Low-temperature attemperation Intermediate pressure
High-temperature LP cylinder Condenser
reheater reheater cylinder of turbine
3
1.2 Overview of Turbine Equipment

The turbine of out factory is a new type of supercritical, uniaxial, primary intermediate
reheating, three-cylinder four-exhaust, double backpressure, condensing steam turbine (model:
N660-24.2/566/566) manufactured by Shanghai Steam Turbine Co., Ltd. The turbine has a
combined cylinder of high and intermediate pressure cylinder with the high-temperature part
being double shell cylinder structure. Its flow part is arranged in reverse direction to reduce
axial thrust and improve the differential expansion of high and intermediate pressure cylinders.
LP flow part is of double-flow reversed arrangement, with mixed type of impulse type
adjustment class and reaction pressure class. There are 48 classes of impeller in total, including
HP cylinders (class 1+11), intermediate pressure cylinders (class 8) and LP cylinders (class
2×2×7). There are 8 classes of steam extraction reheating system. Main steam enters steam
turbine via the HP main steam valve-regulating valve components on both sides of steam
turbine. There are respectively two HP admission pipes connected to upper cylinder and lower
cylinder and connected with HP cylinder via admission casing. Control system employs the
digital electro-hydraulic control system and the steam for operation of steam-driven feed water
pump is from section-IV steam extraction. Steam from auxiliary steam header is used for
commissioning and cold steam is used as standby steam source.
1.2.1 Arrangement of HP regulating valve:

#1 main steam valve #2 main steam valve
Generator wall
Upper half
Nozzle block
Lower half
Governor end
Regulation steam valve

Open sequence number of regulation steam valve
Physical location number of regulation steam valve
Regulation steam valve-main steam pipe-nozzle block arrangement

(Look from governor end in generator direction)
4
1.2.2 Critical speed of turbine generator unit

First-order critical speed (r/min) Second-order critical speed (r/min)
Description of
shaft segments Design value
Design value (axis) Design value (uniaxial) Design value (axis)
(uniaxial)
HP&LP rotor 1540 1522 >4000 >4000
LP rotor A 1550 1530 >4000 >4000
LP rotor B 1560 1544 >4000 >4000
Generator rotor 809 763 2166 2160
1.3 Overview of Generator Unit

1.3.1 Cooling system of generator
The 1×660MW generator used at Phase II of the Project is QFSN-660-2 three-phase, two
salient-pole type rotor AC synchronous generator manufactured by Shanghai Motor Factory,
and it is directly driven by steam turbine. Its rotation direction is clockwise looking to the
generator from steam turbine head. Stator coil employs internal water cooling and stator core
and stator end employs external hydrogen cooling and the stator employs internal hydrogen
cooling, i.e., water-hydrogen-hydrogen. Air cooling is employed for collecting ring of the
generator. Hydrogen inside base will be driven by axial-flow fan installed on both sides of rotor
so as to achieve closed recirculation in the generator.
1.3.2 Generator structure
1.3.2.1 Stator core of the generator is made of high magnetic conductive and low-loss
non-oriented cold rolled silicon steel plates that are insulated, stacked and tighten into an
entirety.
1.3.2.2 There are totally 42 slots set for generator stator, and each slot is provided with two
layers of winding bar at upper and lower. The winding bar is composed of hollow solid copper
wires in crossed way based on the proportion of 1:2.
1.3.2.3 To ensure hydrogen cooling and avoid hydrogen leakage, two groups of hydrogen
cooler and one double-flow double-ring sealing pad are respectively set on both sides.
1.3.3 Generator excited system
1.3.3.1 660MW generator excitation system used at Phase II of the Project employs static
self-shunt excitation way: excitation transformer of generator-transformer unit will be
delivered to generator rotor by field switch via generator collecting ring after rectifying and
regulating of excitation power cabinet.
1.3.3.2 Voltage regulator is digital and "Host/Backup" redundancy mode is applied to
realize mutual automatic tracking. "Auto" and "Manual" control modes are available with
protection functions of low excitation limit, excess excitation limit and power system stabilizer
(PSS).
5
Chapter II Unit Specifications

2.1 Specifications of Boil Unit and Fuel Characteristics
2.1.1 Specifications of Boil Unit
Design Coal
Name Unit
B-MCR BRL TMCR 75%TMCR 50%TMCR 40%TMCR HP
1. Steam and water flow
Superheater outlet t/h 2077.89 1978.94 1930.95 1397.07 925.08 753.84 1683.04
Reheater outlet t/h 1744.57 1657.48 1619.96 1199.86 811.26 666.47 1653.86
Coal economizer inlet t/h 2077.89 1978.94 1930.95 1397.07 925.08 753.84 1683.04
Primary water spray of
t/h 83.12 79.16 77.24 55.88 37.00 30.15 67.32
superheater
Secondary water spray of
t/h 83.12 79.16 77.24 55.88 37.00 30.15 67.32
superheater
Water spray of reheater t/h 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2. Steam and water pressure/pressure drop
Superheater outlet pressure MPa.a 25.50 25.38 25.32 24.35 16.45 13.49 25.05
Pressure drop of primary
MPa 0.36 0.33 0.32 0.18 0.08 0.05 0.22
superheater
Pressure drop of secondary
MPa 0.52 0.48 0.46 0.25 0.12 0.08 0.35
superheater
Pressure drop of tertiary
MPa 0.40 0.37 0.35 0.19 0.09 0.06 0.26
superheater
Total pressure drop of
superheater (excluding MPa 1.28 1.18 1.13 0.62 0.29 0.19 0.83
roof)
Inlet pressure of reheater MPa.a 4.76 4.52 4.42 3.30 3.04 1.83 4.59
MPa 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.09
reheater
MPa 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.08
reheater
Reheater outlet pressure MPa.a 4.57 4.35 4.25 3.20 3.00 1.79 4.42
Pressure drop of roof and
MPa 0.75 0.69 0.66 0.36 0.17 0.12 0.51
wall enclosure
Pressure drop of startup
MPa 0.30 0.27 0.26 0.14 0.07 0.05 0.20
flash tank
Startup flash tank pressure MPa.a 27.83 27.52 27.37 25.47 16.98 13.85 26.59
Pressure drop of water
MPa 1.77 1.62 1.55 0.86 0.41 0.28 1.21
cooling wall
Pressure drop of
economizer (excluding MPa 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
potential difference)
Gravity pressure drop of
MPa 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08
economizer
Economizer inlet pressure MPa.a 29.7 29.24 29.02 26.42 17.48 14.22 27.89
Total pressure drop from
economizer inlet to MPa 4.20 3.86 3.7 2.07 1.03 0.73 2.84
superheater inlet
3. Temperature of steam and water
Primary superheater (low
℃ 459 458 457 449 414 397 442
superheater) outlet
Second superheater (platen
℃ 519 519 519 519 517 513 510
superheater) outlet
Tertiary superheater (high
temperature superheater) ℃ 571 571 571 571 571 571 571
outlet
Left-right deviation of
superheat steam ℃ ±5 ±5 ±5 ±5 ±5 ±5 ±5
temperature
Reheater inlet ℃ 323 317 315 292 300 303 323
Reheater outlet ℃ 569 569 569 569 569 569 569
Low temperature reheater ℃ 476 476 476 479 490 469 477
6
Design Coal
Name Unit
outlet
Left-right deviation of
℃ ±10 ±10 ±10 ±10 ±10 ±10 ±10
reheater steam temperature
Coal economizer inlet ℃ 282 278 277 257 235 224 189
Coal economizer outlet ℃ 316 311 310 287 260 262 244
Attemperating water of the
℃ 316 311 310 287 260 262 244
superheater
Attemperating water of
℃ 180
reheater
Separator outlet ℃ 417 416 415 409 365 336 401
4. Air flow
Primary air at air preheater kg/h 840408 825161 817827 703711 559519 508568 871733
inlet m3/h 748781 735196 728662 626988 498517 453120 776690
Secondary air at air kg/h 1656164 1569307 1534013 1167314 973753 920000 1586626
preheater inlet m3/h 1451874 1375731 1344790 1023324 873167 838145 1390913
Primary air at air preheater kg/h 658971 646899 640019 528624 398040 353892 694831
outlet m3/h 1245045 1211117 1192736 946524 687050 608312 1261044
Primary air at the outlet of kg/h 750050 739850 735850 578160 424320 401340 735295
air preheater (including
m3/h 1358036 1322612 1315461 1000436 706275 687571 1314469
bypass)
Secondary air at air kg/h 1672493 1586090 1552610 1186365 965190 895360 1604316
preheater outlet m3/h 3121640 2935381 2860075 2108940 1654936 1519813 2874891
Air leakage in air preheater
Primary air leakage to flue kg/h 72575 70307 69400 67132 60328 55792 68493
gas Nm3/h 56478 54714 54008 52243 46948 43418 53302
Primary air leakage to kg/h 108862 107955 108409 107955 101151 98883 1084097
secondary air Nm3/h 84718 84012 84365 84012 78717 76952 84365
Secondary air leakage to kg/h 92533 91172 89811 88904 86636 83915 90719
flue gas Nm3/h 72010 70951 69892 69186 67421 65303 70598
Total leakage from air side kg/h 165108 161479 159211 156036 146964 139707 159211
to flue gas side Nm3/h 128489 125665 123900 121429 114369 108721 123900
5. Flue gas flow
T/H 2841.57 2729.67 2686.33 2124.18 1602.61 1475.56 2749.24
Furnace outlet
m3/h 100124697 9517672 9328530 6928414 4844970 4365017 9579704
High temperature T/H 2841.57 2729.67 2686.33 2124.18 1602.61 1475.56 2749.24
superheater outlet m3/h 100124697 9517672 9328530 6928414 4844970 4365017 9579704
High temperature reheater T/H 2841.57 2729.67 2686.33 2124.18 1602.61 1475.56 2749.24
outlet m3/h 9223705 8775433 8598074 6416759 4526820 4084349 8839808
T/H 2862.55 2749.83 2706.17 2139.18 1613.12 1484.20 2769.25
Coal economizer outlet
m3/h 5505784 5242232 5143677 3892166 2859434 2545169 5076213
Front flue gas well (when T/H 1073.17 1071.67 1074.53 1096.93 981.28 625.49 1032.06
damper is used for
m3/h 20610784 2045894 2045275 2039147 1825584 1125824 1976461
temperature control)
Rear flue gas well (when T/H 1789.38 1658.00 1611.80 1027.25 621.33 850.07 1717.181
damper is used for
m3/h 3446735 3155852 3058785 1828119 10167301 1404557 3064710
temperature control)
T/H 2862.55 2749.83 2706.17 2139.18 1613.12 1484.20 2769.25
Air preheater inlet
m3/h 5505784 5242232 5143677 3892166 2859434 2545169 5076213
Air preheater outlet T/H 3028.25 2911.02 2864.81 2295.37 1760.28 1623.59 2929.28
m3/h 3563986 3412304 3353621 2627070 1938685 1771919 3341888
6. Dust content in flue gas
g/Nm3 6.72 6.71 6.71 6.34 5.78 5.16 6.62
at air preheater outlet
7. Air temperature
Primary air at air preheater
℃ 38 38 38 38 38 38 38
inlet
Secondary air at air
℃ 33 33 33 33 40 45 33
preheater inlet
Primary air at air preheater
℃ 386 380 378 352 333 315 353
outlet
Mixing temperature of
outlet bypass of primary ℃ 345 338 335 326 315 283 336
air
7
Design Coal
Name Unit
Secondary air at air
℃ 377 371 370 347 328 310 345
preheater outlet
8. Flue gas temperature
Furnace outlet ℃ 971 958 953 878 793 769 957
Secondary superheater
℃ 1311 1299 1292 1204 1107 1059 1292
(platen superheater) inlet
Second superheater (platen
℃ 1100 1087 1080 996 894 860 1083
superheater) outlet
inlet
outlet
inlet
℃ 574 566 562 516 452 446 559
superheater) outlet
Secondary reheater (high
℃ 954 942 936 862 779 755 940
temperature reheater) inlet
temperature reheater) ℃ 873 862 857 793 723 702 862
outlet
Primary reheater (low
℃ 838 827 822 759 688 664 827
temperature reheater) inlet
Primary reheater (low
temperature reheater) ℃ 405 401 399 383 383 361 403
outlet
Coal economizer inlet ℃ 574 566 562 516 452 446 559
Coal economizer outlet ℃ 407 399 397 355 304 309 357
Air preheater inlet ℃ 406 399 397 368 350 331 373
Air preheater outlet (not
℃ 148 146 146 137 121 117 135
corrected)
Air preheater outlet
℃ 142 141 140 131 115 111 129
(corrected)
9. Air pressure drop
kPa 0.960 0.940 0.930 0.750 0.580 0.520 0.970
air of air preheater
kPa 1.330 1.230 1.200 0.850 0.680 0.640 1.210
air of air preheater
Primary air burner
kPa 1.30
resistance
Secondary air burner
Kpa 1.80
resistance
10. Flue gas pressure and pressure drop
Hearth design pressure kPa ±5.8 ±5.8 ±5.8 ±5.8 ±5.8 ±5.8 ±5.8
Furnace withstand
kPa ±8.7 ±8.7 ±8.7 ±8.7 ±8.7 ±8.7 ±8.7
pressure
Pressure at furnace outlet kPa -0.10 -0.10 -0.10 -0.10 -0.10 -0.10 -0.10
Economizer outlet
kPa -1.58 -1.49 -1.46 -1.13 -0.95 -0.98 -1.52
pressure
Air preheater pressure drop kPa 1.49 1.40 1.37 1.00 0.71 0.64 1.36
Pressure drop from hearth
kPa 3.07 2.89 2.83 2.13 1.66 1.62 2.88
to air preheater outlet
11. Actual fuel
t/h 384.09 368.97 363.11 274.94 192.47 158.50 366.21
consumption
12. Input heat GJ/h 5919.49 5686.38 5596.11 4237.35 2966.24 2442.67 5643.87
13. Heat loss of boiler
Heat loss of dry flue gas % 5.27 5.19 5.18 5.01 4.35 4.65 4.73
Heat loss under the
condition of burning % 0.35 0.39 0.39 0.36 0.29 0.28 0.35
hydrogen to generate water
8
Design Coal
Name Unit
Heat loss caused by
% 0.44 0.43 0.43 0.39 0.31 0.29
moisture in fuel 0.38
Heat loss caused by
% 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.13 0.14 0.14
moisture in air
Heat loss of unburned coal % 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
Heat loss due to radiation
and convection heat % 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17
dissipation
Heat loss not included % 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
Total heat loss % 6.99 6.94 6.93 6.68 5.85 6.13 6.37
14. Heat efficiency of boiler
Calculation of heat
efficiency (as per % 84.75 84.79 84.80 85.03 85.79 85.53 85.31
ASMEPTC4.1)
Calculation of heat
efficiency (as per lower % 93.01 93.06 93.07 93.32 94.15 93.87 93.63
heating value)
Ensured heat efficiency
(high heating value, inlet % 84.6
air temperature: 28℃)
15. Heat, furnace heat load, NOX
Head absorption capacity
/h 4482.02 4308.48 4214.46 3197.29 2287.50 1923.60 4350.35
of superheated steam
Head absorption capacity
GJ/h 1037.51 1005.36 988.08 775.24 501.31 369.60 977.40
of reheated steam
Fuel heat supplied to boiler GJ/h 5919.49 5686.38 5596.11 4237.35 2966.24 2442.67 5643.87
Heat load of section MW/m2 4.11 3.95 3.89 2.95 2.06 1.70 3.92
Volume heat load kW/m3 68.63 65.92 64.88 49.13 34.39 28.32 65.43
Load of effective
projection radiation kW/m2 210.54 202.25 199.04 150.71 105.50 86.88 200.74
surface (EPRS)
Heat load of burner area MW/m2 1.44 1.38 1.36 1.03 0.72 0.59 1.37
NOX discharge
concentration (dry basis, mg/Nm3 350.00
calculated as per O2=6%)
Dust concentration of flue
gas at the outlet of air
g/Nm3 5.87
preheater (wet basis,
calculated as per O2=6%)
16. Air rate
Primary air rate % 31.86 32.73 33.09 33.72 31.48 31.95 32.42
Secondary air rate % 68.14 67.27 66.91 66.28 68.52 68.05 67.58
Number of operating units
- 5 5 5 4 3 3 5
of coal mill
17. Excess air coefficient
Furnace outlet - 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.24 1.35 1.53 1.20
Coal economizer outlet - 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.25 1.36 1.54 1.21
Air preheater outlet - 1.269 1.270 1.270 1.354 1.500 1.701 1.290
18. Flue gas velocity
Secondary superheater
m/s N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
(platen superheater)
m/s 10.0 9.3 9.3 6.9 4.8 4.3 9.6
temperature superheater)
m/s 11.8 11.2 10.9 8.1 5.5 5.1 11.2
temperature reheater)
m/s 11.1 10.4 9.8 5.8 3.5 4.5 10.6
temperature superheater)
Low temperature reheater
m/s 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.8 7.7 4.7 8.6
1RH
Economizer average m/s 10.0 9.1 8.7 5.2 3.0 4.1 9.1
9
2.1.2 Requirements for boiler steam

Items Standard Value Expected Value Unit Remarks
SiO2 ≤10 ≤5 μg/l
Fe ≤5 ≤3 μg/l
Cu ≤2 ≤1 μg/l
Na ≤3 ≤2 μg/l
PH 8.0~9.0 - PH value:
Feedwater
Hydrogen adding
conductivity <0.15 <0.10 μs/cm oxygen
(25℃) AVT (R)
TOC ≤200 μg/L handling
N2H4 ≤30 - μg/L PH value:
dissolved oxygen 30~150 μg/L 9.2-9.6
Hydrogen
<0.15 <0.10 μs/cm
conductivity
steam SiO2 ≤10 ≤5 μg/l
Gas Na ≤3 ≤2 μg/l
Fe ≤5 ≤3 μg/l
Cu ≤2 ≤1 μg/l
Note: feedwater quality standard for the boiler shall be designed according to CWT working
conditions, i.e., combined water treatment working condition design.
2.1.3 Coal composition and characteristics
Name/symbol Unit Design Coal Check Coal
As received basis carbon
% 43.5 41.5
Car
As received basis
% 2.96 2.2
hydrogen Har
Elemental As received basis
% 14.62 10.3
analysis oxygen Oar
As received basis
% 0.62 2.2
nitrogen Nar
As received basis total
% 0.9 0.9
sulfur St.ar
As received basis
% 33 36
Industrial moisture Mar
Analysis As received basis ash
% 4.4 6.9
Aar
Total % 100 100
Volatile matter on dry ash-free basis
% 52.85 51.09
Vdaf
Moisture on air drying basis Mad % 20.5 20
Net calorific value on as-received basis KJ/kg 15439.94 14218.8
Qnet.ar kcal/kg 3692 3400
Hardgrove grindability index HGI 47 47
Deformation
℃ 1150 1050
temperature DT
Ash Softening temperature
℃ 1170 1050
Fusibility ST
Melting/flowing
℃ 1230 1130
temperature FT
Silicon dioxide SiO2 % 45 29.4
Al2O3 % 16 20.6
Fe2O3 % 12.5 35
CaO % 8 6.5
Ash analysis MgO % 8 5.4
TiO2 % 1 0.5
SO3 % 8.2 1.2
Na2O % 0.2 0.5
K2O % 0.6 0.4
2.1.4 Fuel characteristics
10
Items Unit Data

Oil types - HSD
Kinematic viscosity (37.8℃) mm2/s 1.6-5.8
Sulphur content % 0.5
Ash (percentage by weight) % 0.01
Water content (percentage by weight) % 0.05
Mechanical impurities (percentage by
% 0.01
weight)
Flash point (closed) ℃ 60 (min).
Condensation point ℃ 18 (min.)
Lower heating value (LHV) KJ/kg
2.1.5 Relevant technical specifications for heating surface of boiler

Equipment Items Unit Design Data
Type Cyclone Separating
Specifications mm Ф910×100
Startup Separator
Material SA-336F12
Water volume m3 25 (separator, water storage tank total)
Specifications mm Ф1090×120
Material SA-336F12
Water volume m3 25 (separator, water storage tank total)
Water storage tank
Height of straight section mm 17500
Total length mm 18950
Material SA-106B
type Spiral disc winding-film type tubes, ribbed
tube
Lower water cooling Qty. Pcs. 492
wall of furnace Outer diameter×wall mm Ф38.1×7.5
thickness
Material SA-213T2
Type Film type
Qty. Pcs. 1563
Upper water cooling Outer diameter×wall mm Ф31.8×9/8, 8.5
wall of furnace thickness
Water volume m3 69 (all water cooling walls)
Material SA-213T12
Qty. Pcs. 51
Outer diameter×wall mm Ф70×20
Boiler slag screen
thickness
Material SA-213T22
3
Water volume m 71
No. of tubes Pcs. 4×204
Economizer
Pipe Diameter mm Ф50.8×7
Material SA-210C
type In-line arrangement
Horizontal
No. of tubes Pcs./Nr 102×8, 204×4 (tube stack 1, 2)
low-temperature
Pipe Diameter mm Ф45×6.5
superheater
Material SA-213T12
Type Semi-radiant type
Pipe Diameter mm Ф45×7.5/10.5, Ф45×10.5
Platen superheater
Qty. Pcs. 15
Material SA-213T91, SA-213TP347H
Type Convective type
Pipe Diameter mm Ф45×7/8.5, Ф45×8.5/50.8×7/10.5
HP superheater Qty. Pcs.×Nr 34×20
Water volume m3 149 (all superheaters)
Low temperature Type Convective type
11
reheater Pipe Diameter mm Ф50.8×4, Ф57×4.5

Qty. Pcs./Nr 102×12, 204×6, 204×6, 204×6
Material SA-213T22, SA-213T12, SA-210C
Type Convective type
Pipe Diameter mm Ф50.8×4.5
HP reheater Qty. Pcs.×Nr 68×14
Water volume m3 317 (all reheaters)
2.1.6 Combustion equipment

Width mm 23543
Depth mm 16980.8
Height mm 68000
Upper flame nozzle center to mm
Furnace 24198.6
screen bottom height
2
Thermal load of furnace MW/m
4.19 (BMCR)
section
3
Furnace volume thermal load kW/m 69.84(BMCR)
Type Retractable type, mechanical atomization
Qty. Layer×Pcs. 5×6
Arrangement mode Arrangement of front and rear wall
Capacity of single oil gun kg/h ~1200
Startup oil gun Working oil pressure MPa 3.0~3.3
Oil product #0 light diesel oil
Oil gun atomization mode Mechanical atomization
Purge steam pressure MPa 0.78~1.27
Purge steam temperature ℃ 220~240
Type Stationary type, mechanical atomization
Arrangement mode Arrangement of lower layer of rear wall
Capacity of single oil gun kg/h ~100
Ignition oil gun Working oil pressure MPa 3.0~3.3
Oil product #0 light diesel oil
Oil gun atomization mode Mechanical atomization
Purge steam pressure MPa 0.78~1.27
Purge steam temperature ℃ 220~240
Type HT-NR3 cyclone type burner
Coal burner
Arrangement mode Arrangement of front and rear wall
Actual coal consumption Kg/s 68.1
2.1.7 Safety valve parameters

Valve Reseatin Discharge 1809Qty.
Name Model Set pressure Temp (℃)
Spec. g ratio capacity (Pcs.)
Platen
superheater HCA-118W 3M28 31.07 4% 449 405 4
inlet
High
temperature
HCA-118W-C12A 3M8 30.1 4% 571 271 2
superheater
outlet
High
HCI-69W-C12A 6R10 5.34 4% 569 137 1
temperature
12
reheater
outlet
High
temperature
1755QWF 6"×8" 5.50 4% 569 141 1
reheater
outlet
Low
temperature
HCI-46W 6Q28 5.36 4% 323 191 1
reheater
inlet
Low
temperature
HCI-46W 6Q28 5.41 4% 323 193 1
reheater
inlet
Low
temperature
HCI-46W 6R10 5.52 4% 323 257.6 4
reheater
inlet
ZA91-147B1RA6P
PCV 2.5"×4" 26.67 3% 571 112 4
Z
2.2 Parameters of steam turbine equipment

2.2.1 Main design parameters of steam turbine
TRL TMCR MCR VWO 75%MCR 50%MCR 40%MCR 30%TMCR
HP heater
Name Working Working Working Working Working Working Working working
shutdown
condition condition condition condition condition condition condition condition
Power (MW) 660 660.002 679.222 708.194 495.001 300.001 264.002 198.004 660．001
Heat rate
8001 7784 7774 7758 7962 8340 8614 9081 8020
(kJ/kWh)
Main steam
24.2 24.2 24.2 24.2 23.765 16.193 13.328 10.532 24.2
pressure MPa(a)
Reheat steam
4.227 4.127 4.256 4.451 3.082 2.096 1.713 1.336 4.292
pressure MPa(a)
HP cylinder
exhaust pressure 4.595 4.485 4.626 4.838 3.35 2.279 1.862 1.452 4.665
MPa(a)
Main steam
566 566 566 566 566 566 566 566 566
temperature (℃)
Temperature of
566 566 566 566 566 566 552 528 566
reheat steam (℃)
Exhaust steam
temperature of 318.617 316.322 319.433 324.161 293.228 301.383 304.239 306.611 324.228
HP cylinder
Main steam flow
1978.9 1913.8 1978.9 2077.9 1397.1 925.1 753.8 590.2 1683
(t/h)
Reheat steam
1657.5 1614.8 1666.4 1744.6 1199.9 811.3 666.5 526 1653.9
flow (t/h)
Medium-pressure
cylinder exhaust 1.101 1.089 1.121 1.17 0.823 0.569 0.465 0.362 1.183
pressure MPa(a)
LP cylinder
exhaust pressure 10.2 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5
kPa(a)
Steam exhaust
flow of LP 1143.6 1127.4 1158.4 1204.9 867.8 612.7 510.1 407.7 1216.5
cylinder (t/h)
Hydrogen
pressure of 0.45MPa 0.45MPa 0.45MPa 0.45MPa 0.45MPa 0.45MPa 0.45MPa 0.45MPa 0.45MPa
generator
Note: TRL-nameplate condition; TMCR-acceptance conditions of heat consumption guarantee

value;
MCR-continuous maximum rating (working condition); VWO-whole open of regulating valve;
13
THA-thermal loss acceptance;

B-THA- boiler thermal loss acceptance; BRL-Boiler rated condition;
B-MCR-maximum continuous rating of boiler.
2.2.2 Steam extraction parameters of steam turbine at all stages
Allowable
Pressure
Extraction Stages Flow (t/h) Temp.℃ Maximum
MPa(a)
Exhaust Rate
First stage (to #1 high temperature
102.097 5.979 352.1
heater)
Second stage (to #2 high
147.028 4.086 303.4
temperature heater)
Third stage (to #3 high
62.155 1.837 455.7
temperature heater)
Fourth stage (to deaerator) 79.356 0.944 359.7
Fourth stage (to BFP turbine) 87.596 0.896 359.7
Fifth stage (to #5 LP heater) 89.418 0.385 251
Sixth stage (to #6 LP heater) 45.012 0.103 116.8
Seventh stage (to #7 low
46.767 0.045 78.9
temperature heater)
Eighth stage (to #8 low
35.520 0.016 56
temperature heater)
14
2.3 Specifications for Generator and Excitation System Equipment

2.3.1 Generator specification
Items Unit Parameter values
Model of generator QFSN-660-2-20B
Nominal capacity Sn MVA 776.5
Nominal power Pn MW 660
Nominal power factor COSΦ 0.85 (late phase)
Nominal stator voltage kV 22
Nominal stator current A 20377
Hydrogen pressure MPa 0.45
Nominal frequency fn Hz 50
Nominal speed Nn r/min 3000
Nominal exciting voltage Ufn (90℃) V 491
Nominal exciting current Ifn A 4669
No-load exciting voltage Ufo (75℃) V 150
No-load exciting current Ifo A 1497
Short-circuit ratio 0.518
Stator coil connection mode YY
Cooling method Water-hydrogen-hydrogen
Insulation grade of stator, rotor Grade F
Stator each-phase DC resistance (75℃) Ω 1.447×10-3
Rotor coil DC resistance (75℃) Ω 0.1004
Capacitance of each phase of stator to ground (Phase A, B, C) μf 0.237
Self-inductance of rotor coil H 0.762
Stator leakage reactance % 16.2
Potier's reactance % 27.2
D-axis subtransient reactance (unsaturated value) X' du % 22.9
D-axis subtransient reactance (saturation value) X'd % 21.0
A-axis subtransient reactance (unsaturated value) X'qu % 22.4
A-axis subtransient reactance (saturated value) X'q % 20.6
D-axis transient reactance (unsaturated value) X' du % 30.9
D-axis transient reactance (saturation value) X'd % 27.2
A-axis transient reactance (unsaturated value) X'qu % 45.6
A-axis transient reactance (saturated value) X'q % 40.2
D-axis synchronous reactance Xd % 225
A-axis synchronous reactance Xd % 219
Negative sequence reactance X2U (unsaturated value) % 22.6
Negative sequence reactance X2 (saturated value) % 20.8
Zero-sequence reactance X0U (unsaturated value) % 10.5
Zero-sequence reactance X0 (saturated value) % 10.0
D-axis open-circuit transient time constant T'd0 s 8.57
A-axis open-circuit transient time constant T'q0 s 0.972
D-axis short-circuit transient time constant T'd s 1.058
A-axis short-circuit transient time constant T'q s 0.178
D-axis open-circuit subtransient time constant T"d0 s 0.045
A-axis open-circuit subtransient time constant T"q0 s 0.068
D-axis short-circuit subtransient time constant T"d s 0.035
A-axis short-circuit subtransient time constant T"q s 0.035
Short-circuit current aperiodic component time constant Ta s 0.285
Respectively one monopole fan on both
Fan on rotor
sides
Ventilation Pressure head of fan (in equivalent air) Pa 4508
parameters
Air volume m³/s 40.5
Temperature of cold hydrogen for engine ℃ 46
Rated cooling capacity of cooler kW 5000
Inlet water temperature ℃ 35
Hydrogen cooler
Outlet air temperature ℃ ≤46
Air pressure drop Pa 750
15
Cooling water consumption (total of two groups

m3/h 900
of cooler)
Internal water pressure drop kPa 55
Cooling water consumption (including the
cooling water consumption of main lead and m3/ h 116
Parameters of cooling parallel ring)
water for stator coil Pressure drop of cooling water MPa 0.20~0.23
Maximum inlet water temperature of cooling
℃ 50
water
Generator rotor t 71
Generator rotor (including transportation cover
t 365
plate and bracket)
Total weight of generator t 502
Weight and other Rotational inertia of generator rotor kg·m2 10250
parameters Flywheel torque GD² t·m2 241
Generator inertia time constant H kW·s/kVA 0.65
Sudden short-circuit torque N·m 2.21×10ˉ7
Critical speed of generator rotor 1 r/min 734
Critical speed of generator rotor 2 r/min 1906
2.3.2 Specifications of excitation system
1. Excitation System:
Type UNITROL 6800 Response time 20ms
Model T6S-O/U261-S6000 Excitation mode DC 220 V
Rated current 5136 A Rated voltage 540.1 V
Ceiling voltage of excitation
982 V IP grade IP54
system
Ceiling current of excitation
9338 A Manufacturer ABB Switzerland Ltd
system
2. Exciting transformer (single phase parameter)
Single-phase dry type
Model ZLDCB-2400/12702 Type
transformer
Rated capacity 2400 KVA Short-circuit impedance 7.96%
Rated voltage 12702/950V Cooling method AN
Temperature rise limiting
Ratedcurrent 189/2526.3A 80K
value
Rated frequency 50 Hz Wiring level ILO
No. of phases 1 IP grade IP21
3. Converter
Reverse voltage of converter
Model UNL13300 4300 V
(V)
Manufacturer ABB Switzerland Ltd IP grade IP54
About
Maximum output voltage (V) 1000 V Dimension (LxWxH) (mm)
5000x1000x2200mm
Maximum output current (A)
8775 A Weight (kg) About 5000kg
(for 20s)
Qty. of silicon controlled on
1 Over-voltage protection
each arm of converter
Qty. of converter 6 a. AC side Buffer
Rated current of converter 2526.3 A b. DC side Unloading device
4. Automatic voltage regulator (AVR)
Setting range of manual
Model UNITROL 6000 0% ~ 110% Ifn
current regulator
Operation mode and
Manufacturer ABB Switzerland Ltd 2 AVR+2 FCR+2 BFCR
redundancy
Regulation mode PID+PSS IP grade IP54
About
Response ratio 20 ms Dimension (LxWxH) (mm)
800x1000x2200mm
16
Regulating precision <0.5% Weight (kg) About 600kg

AVR regulating and setting
20% ~110% Ugn
range
5. Field suppression and rotor protection
Field switch Model HIER 464797
High-speed single break DC
Type Power of single one 1MJ
breaker
Model HPB60M-82S Number of arms in parallel 6
Manufacturer ABB Number of arms in series 1
Rated current 6000 A Number of branches 6
Rated voltage 1000 V Rated load 6 MJ
c. Rotor over-voltage
Maximum breaking current 100 KA
protection
Number of breaks 1 Type CROWBAR
Operating voltage (tripping and
DC 220V Model HUEL 412321, disk-type
closing coil)
Closing power under rated
Max. 9.3A, 2sec rated capacity 5MJ
voltage
Rated opening power Max. 1.33A, 2sec. Resistor material SiC
Tripping device 2 (redundant) BOD voltage 4~7 times Ufn
Type Non-linear e. IP grade IP54
17
2.3.3 Technical specification for main transformer, high-voltage plant service transformer,
high-voltage desulfurization transformer and startup (standby) transformer
Name #3 main transformer #3 high voltage plant # 3 high-voltage #2 start-up/stand-by
service transformer desulfurization and transformer
common transformer
Model SFP-780000/500 SFF9-CY-48000/22 SFF9-CY-14000/22 SFFZ-48000/500
Rated 780MWA 48/29-29MVA 14MVA 48/29-29MVA
capacity
Rated
22±8× 500±8×1.25%/6.3-6.
voltage 500±4×2.5%/22 22±2×2.5%/6.3
1.25%/6.3-6.3 3
(kV)
Rated
Current 900.7/20469.7 1259.7/2983 367.4/1347.2 55.4/2983
(Amp)
Rated
frequency 50 50 50 50
(Hz)
Voltage No-load voltage On-load voltage No-load voltage On-load voltage
regulation regulation regulation regulation regulation
mode
Voltage High-voltage winding High-voltage winding
regulating
position
Voltage -10％~＋10％ -10％~＋10％
regulating
range
Short-circui
t
16 20.5 10 21.5
impedance
(%)
Wiring Ynd1 D.yn11-yn11 D.yn11 YN,yn0 yn0＋d
group
No. of 3 3 3 3
phases
neutral Direct grounding of Non-grounding of Non-grounding of Direct grounding of
point high-voltage side high-voltage side high-voltage side high-voltage side
grounding Non-grounding of Grounding of Grounding of Grounding of
mode low-voltage side low-voltage side low-voltage side low-voltage side
through a 9.1Ω resistor through a 9.1Ω resistor through a 9.1Ω
resistor
Cooling OFAF ONAF ONAF ONAF
method
Allowable
temperature
65K 65K 65K 65K
rise of
winding
Allowable
temperature
60K 55K 55K 55K
rise of top
oil
Cooler
3 (fan)
power 0.55 0.55 0.55
3.8 (oil pump)
(kW)
Cooler 7 groups (21 fans and
6 groups (6 fans) 4 groups (4 fans) 3 groups (3 fans)
(group) 7 oil pumps)
No. of 3 3 3 3
phases
Insulation F F F F
Class
Manufactur TBEA Xinjiang Transformer Co., Ltd. (Hengyang Branch)
er
18
Chapter III Unit Control System

3.1 Overview of DCS System of Unit
3.1.1 Modulation control system (MCS)
Modulation Control System (MCS for short) is a system to control the boiler of steam turbine
generator unit (steam turbine) by taking it as a whole. Boiler-side MCS refers to main control
system of boiler, boiler fuel quantity control system, air supply control system, air inducing
control system, start-up flash tank storage water tank water level control system, steam
temperature control system and so on and machine-side MCS refers to deaerator pressure and
water level regulating system, condenser water level regulating system, closed water tank level
regulating system, high/low water level regulating system, auxiliary steam pressure regulating
system and so on. MCS is responsible for the closed-loop automatic adjustment of main process
variables of water, steam, coal, oil, air and flue gas system during production and load control
of steam turbine generator unit of whole unit.
3.1.2 Sequenced control system (SCS)
Sequenced control system (SCS for short): part operations of the unit is divided into several
local control systems according to thermal system or accessory machinery and they are
operated as per the sequence specified in advance to achieve the purpose of sequenced control.
Boiler-side sequenced control range: forced draft fan, induced draft fan, primary air fan, air
preheater, furnace soot blower system, and so on. Machine-side sequenced control range: steam
turbine lubricating oil system, condensate pump, HP heater, deaerator, LP heater, vacuum pump,
shaft seal system, circulating water system, closed water system, steam pump, electric pump,
internal water cooling system, sealing oil system and rubber ball cleaning system, etc.
3.1.3 Furnace safeguard supervisory system (FSSS)
Furnace safeguard supervisory system (FSSS for short) can continuously and closely monitor a
large number of parameters and states of combustion system and carry out logical judgment and
computation during normal operation of boiler and under various operation modes of boiler
such as startup and shutdown. When necessary, it will send action commands to ensure that
relevant equipment (such as coal mill, coal feeder, oil gun and flame detection cooling fan, etc.)
of combustion system is operated or abortive accidents are handled in strict accordance with
proper logic sequence via various sequenced control and interlocking devices, so as to
guarantee boiler safety. Meanwhile, FSSS has combustion management function, which can
meet the demands of unit startup and load increase/decrease via switching control for burners at
all layers of boiler, continuously monitor the operation parameters and states of boiler and
automatically complete all operations and protection actions such as emergency cut-off of fuel
supply and emergency boiler shutdown to avoid accident expansion.
3.1.4 Electrical control system (ECS)
Electrical control system (ECS for short) is mainly used for generator startup and shutdown
control and logic, switch control and logic of plant power system, parameters of electrical
system and equipment state monitoring, record of action conditions of relay protection, failure
alarm and event sequence.
3.1.5 DEH system of steam turbine
Digital Electrical Hydraulic system (DEH for short) of steam turbine is mainly used to adjust
the revolving speed of steam turbine. It has the following functions: latching, automatic
judgement of heat conditions, selection of startup modes, raising speed, 3000rpm constant
speed, false synchronization test for generator, synchronization with load, raising load, valve
19
switching, single valve/sequence valve switching, regulating stage pressure feedback, load
feedback, primary frequency modulation, CCS control, ATR thermal stress control, high load
limit, low load limit, valve position limit, main steam pressure limit, quick release of load,
overspeed protection control (OPC), load unevenness, over speed protection (OSP), oil spray
test, overspeed test, valve movement test, on-line setting of valve, solenoid valves test and
control mode switching.
3.1.6 Bypass control system (BCS)
Bypass control system (BCS for short): bypass system is an independent system. Bypass
control can meet the exact requirements of bypass operations and it has the function of safety or
fast startup/shutdown. It is basically composed of a HP bypass controller and a LP by pass
controller, which can achieve the pressure and temperature control of HP/LP bypass.
3.1.7 MEH system of steam pump package
Micro Electrical Hydraulic system (MEH for short) of steam pump package is mainly used to
adjust the revolving speed of steam pump package with following functions: latching, raising
speed, fixing speed, CCS control and over speed protection, etc.
3.2 Unit Control Mode

Unit control mode of our factory includes AGC control mode, CCS coordination mode, turbine
following mode TF and full-manual mode. Main functions are as follows:
3.2.1 Automatic generation control mode (AGC)
For units, load command control mode includes two types: ADS and LOCAL. AGC command
generation and issuing: scheduling EMS system can calculated capacity command of controlled
unit and issue to units via telecontrol channel according to real-time information such as grid
frequency, unit capacity, Inter-provincial exchange power and so on. Automatic generation
control mode can be employed if automatic generation control conditions are met under
boiler-turbine coordination, and the target load command of unit will be given by scheduling
control system at this time without the interference of vice controller. To avoid shortening unit
service life due to dangerous occasions occurred at low load stage or overload, low/high load
limit of automatic generation control shall be specified.
3.2.1.1 When the unit is operating under CCS coordination mode (400MW), AGC mode
can be enabled by operation personnel on "OIS" screen if AGC system is normal and feasible
for operation. Unit capacity is remotely controlled by power grid;
3.2.1.2 Control strategies of AGC mode: the only difference of control strategies between
automatic generation control and unit coordinated control is the source of target load command.
Automatic generation control mode can be employed if automatic generation control conditions
are met under boiler-turbine coordination, and the target load command of unit will be given by
scheduling control system at this time and the operation personnel shall not interfere. To avoid
dangerous occasions occurred at high/low load stage, low/high load limit of automatic
generation control shall be specified.
3.2.1.3 AGC operation:
3.2.1.3.1 Inspect the CCS operation mode of unit to ensure it operates normally;
3.2.1.3.2 Set high/low limit of load on main control screen;
3.2.1.3.3 Set the load change rate of unit as required;
3.2.1.3.4 Inspect and ensure that scheduling load command is within the range of high and
20
low limit;
3.2.1.3.5 Enable AGC and report the schedule;
3.2.1.3.6 Exit AGC in time when abnormalities are found during the operation of AGC and
keep the unit under stable operation state and report the schedule.
3.2.1.4 The control system will automatically exit AGC when one of the following
situations occurs:
3.2.1.4.1 Any main controller of boiler or steam turbine exists automatic mode;
3.2.1.4.2 RB occurs;
3.2.1.4.3 Telecontrol channel fault or RTU fault ;
3.2.1.4.4 Switching of automatic generation control mode is carried out according to
scheduling command.
3.2.2 Coordination control system (CCS) mode:
3.2.2.1 When both main controllers of steam turbine and boiler are switched to automatic
mode, the operation mode of unit is the CCS coordination mode;
3.2.2.2 Under CCS coordination mode, main controller of the boiler mainly controls main
steam pressure and main controller of steam turbine mainly controls unit load;
3.2.2.3 CCS coordination mode will automatically exit automatic mode when any main
controller of boiler and steam turbine is not under automatic mode under CCS coordination
mode;
3.2.2.4 Control strategies of CCS mode: main controllers of boiler and steam turbine will
simultaneously send load control command to steam turbine side and boiler side to change the
opening of governing valve of steam turbine and quickly response to load when unit load
command is changed under unit coordination control mode. Besides, it will also change the
quantity of fuel entering boiler to keep the balance between input energy and output energy of
unit. In this way, the balance relation between inside and outside unit can be kept in a better way
with excellent Load adaptive performance and steam pressure control performance, which
makes it a relatively reasonable and perfect unit load control mode.
3.2.2.5 CCS operation:
3.2.2.5.1 Confirm that unit load is higher than 200MW and operates steadily;
3.2.2.5.2 Inspect unit load command and ensure it is current value;
3.2.2.5.3 Gradually switch main controllers of steam turbine and boiler to automatic mode
and confirm its output command and ensure it is normal;
3.2.2.5.4 Set load change rate and target load of unit according to actual conditions;
3.2.2.5.5 In the process of putting CCS into operation and during CCS operation, exit the
mode immediately when abnormalities are found and stabilize unit operation with records kept.
The control system will automatically exit CCS mode when one of the following situations
occurs:
3.2.2.6 Switch main controller of boiler to manual mode;
3.2.2.6.1 Switch main controller of steam turbine to manual mode;
21
3.2.2.6.2 Employ boiler-turbine coordination control mode to greatest extent during normal
operation of unit.
3.2.3 Turbine following (TF) mode:
3.2.3.1 The unit will operate under TF mode when main controller of steam turbine is
under automatic mode and main controller of boiler is under manual mode;
3.2.3.2 Under TF mode, main controller of steam turbine controls main steam pressure and
the main controller of boiler shall be switched to manual mode by main omnipotent personnel
on duty.
3.2.3.3 TF mode will be automatically exited when main controller of boiler is under
automatic mode or main controller of steam turbine withdraws from manual mode;
3.2.3.4 Control strategies of TF mode: under the TF load control mode, person on duty will
change the load command of main controller of boiler and combustion ratio (and relevant
feedwater flow) of boiler according to scheduling unit load requirements, so as to adapt to the
energy requirements for loads. Main controller of steam controller can change the opening and
inlet air flow of governing valve according to steam pressure to keep main steam pressure
within setting value range. Under this mode, response of main steam pressure at boiler side on
combustion ratio is slow, thus steam energy for load demands can not be immediately
transformed by changing combustion ratio of boiler, which makes the responsiveness on load
command poor. However, dynamic deviation of main steam pressure is small;
3.2.3.5 TF operation:
3.2.3.5.1 Confirm DEH is under remote control state.
3.2.3.5.2 Switch steam turbine to automatic mode and confirm that output command of
main controller of steam turbine is normal.
3.2.3.6 The control system will automatically exit TF mode when one of the following
situations occurs:
3.2.3.6.1 Main controller of steam turbine exits automatic mode;
3.2.3.6.2 Main controller of boiler is under automatic mode;
Scope of application: steam turbine operates normally and there are no conditions for boiler to
enable automatic mode.
3.2.4 BASE mode:
3.2.4.1 The unit operates under BASE mode when both main controllers of steam turbine
and boiler are under manual mode. Manual mode is a kind of relatively low-level control mode.
3.2.4.2 Manual control strategies: both main controllers of steam turbine and boiler are
under manual mode. Under this mode, operation unit will be manually operated by operation
personnel and the target load command of unit will track the actual power of unit to prepare for
enabling a more high-level control mode. Unit power change is controlled by manually
adjusting regulating valve; main steam pressure setting value will track the actual main steam
pressure.
3.2.4.3 Manual switch
3.2.4.3.1 Manual mode can be applied for any working condition.
3.2.4.3.2 The control system will be automatically switch to manual mode when the
22
following situations occur:

3.2.4.3.3 Both main controllers of steam turbine and boiler are under manual mode.
Scope of application: unit startup and low-load stage, manual operation for water feeding
control of unit or abnormal state. Both boiler and steam turbine are under manual control mode
at this time.
23
Chapter IV Main Protections for Steam Turbine

4.1 ETS protection and interlocking for steam turbine
4.1.1 ETS protection for steam turbine
S/N Main equipment will trip when meet any one of the following conditions:
1 Low EH oil pressure (10.7MPa: alarm, 9.3MPa: shutdown)
2 Low lubricating oil pressure (0.062MPa: alarm, 0.048MPa: shutdown)
3 High pressure of condenser A (2 out of 4), 20.3kPa
4 High pressure of condenser B (2 out of 4), 20.3kPa
5 Steam turbine overspeed (110%)
6 High exhaust temperature and high interception (shut down when higher than 427℃)
7 High exhaust pressure ratio and high interception (>1.7, delay of 60s)
8 Axial displacement overrun interception (1 out of 2)- 1mm~1mm
9 Bearing vibration overrun interception (alarm when >0.127mm and shut down when >0.254mm)
10 High interception of transverse bearing temperature (alarm when >107℃, shut down when >113℃)
11 High interception of thrust bearing temperature (alarm when >99℃, shut down when >107℃)
12 LP differential expansion overrun interception (-1.02mm~16mm)
13 HP differential expansion overrun interception (-4.46mm~10.28mm)
14 MFT protection for boiler
15 Generator protection
16 Manual shutdown
4.1.2 METS protection for BFP turbine

1 Shutdown due to low lubricating oil pressure (2 out of 3)/(alarm value: 0.10MPa, shutdown value: 0.07MPa)
2 Shutdown due to low vacuum interruption (2 out of 3)/(alarm value: 21.3kPa, shutdown value: 33.6kPa)
Shutdown due to great shaft vibration in any direction (1 out of 4) (alarm value: ≥0.1mm, shutdown value:
3
≥0.2mm)
4 Local manual shutdown
5 Operation platform manual shutdown
6 Shutdown due to high steam exhaust steam temperature (alarm value: ≥135ºC, shutdown value: ≥150ºC)
7 Booster pump tripping
8 Shutdown due to great axial displacement /(alarm value: +0.3, -0.5mm, shutdown value: +0.4, -0.6mm)
9 Shutdown due to TSI overspeed (6380rpm) (2 out of 3)
10 Shutdown due to low EH oil pressure /(alarm value: 9.2MPa, shutdown value: 7.8MPa)
Shutdown due to high bearing temperature
11 (Thrust bearing alarm value: ≥100ºC, shutdown value: ≥110ºC; support bearing alarm value: 105ºC,
shutdown value: ≥115ºC)
4.1.3 Interlocking protection for oil system of steam turbine

#1 EH oil pump 30MAX11AP001
I Allowable start conditions
When all of the following conditions are met, the pump is started
1 Adopt negation in case of low oil level of oil tank
2 Temperature of oil in oil tank is greater than 21℃, 30MAX10CT001
II Interlocking startup conditions
When any of the following conditions is met, interlocking startup shall be applied.
1 Interlocking input, #2 EH oil pump tripping 30MAX12AP001XB02
During interlocking input, oil outlet pipe pressure is low or pressure of header pressure is less than 11MPa
2
after operation of EH oil pumps, 30MAX11CP301
EH oil circulating pump 30MAX20AP001
Adopt negation in case of low oil level of oil tank
1
30MAX10CL301L, 30MAX10CL301LL, 30MAX10CL301LLL
EH oil tank heater 30MAX10AH001
1 Negation in case of low oil level in oil tank, 30MAX10CL301L, 30MAX10CL301LL,
24
30MAX10CL301LLL
2 Temperature of oil in oil tank is lower than 20℃, 30MAX10CT001
II Interlocking start conditions
When any of the following conditions is met, interlocking startup shall be applied.
1 During interlocking input, oil temperature less than 25ºC with delay of 3s 30MAX10CT001
III Interlocking stop conditions
When any of the following conditions is met, interlocking closing shall be applied.
1 During interlocking input, oil temperature greater than 35ºC with delay of 3s 30MAX10CT001
IV Override closing conditions
When any of the following conditions is met, the heater overrides and is stopped
Oil level of oil tank is low (one out of three) with delay for 2s
1
30MAX10CL301L, 30MAX10CL301LL, 30MAX10CL301LLL
2 Temperature of oil in oil tank>50℃ with delay of 2s 30MAX10CT001
25
4.2 MFT Protection for Boiler

Items Criteria
1. Manual MFT
2. High main steam pressure ≥28.27MPa, 2 out of 3 logic with delay of 2s
3. High II value of furnace pressure ≥＋3000Pa, 2 out of 3 logic with delay of 2s
4. Low II value of furnace pressure ≤-3000Pa, 2 out of 3 logic with delay of 2s
Total air quantity of boiler ≤567t/h(25%) with delay of 10s,
5. Low air quantity of furnace
out of 3 logic
Feedwater flow II value≤261.81t/h with delay of 2s
7. Low II value of main feedwater flow Feedwater flow I value≤318.54t/h with delay of 20s, 2 out
of 3
8. Shutdown of both two air preheaters No operation signal
9. Tripping of two induced draft fans No operation signal
10. Tripping of two forced draft fans No operation signal
Any coal mill is operating, however, two primary air fans
11. Tripping of two primary air fans are shut down without two layers of starting oil layer (5 or
above oil guns shall be applied for each layer)
Air pressure of air fan header is lower than 3.0KPa with
12. Loss of flame detection cooling air
delay of 2s, 2 out of 3 logic
Two steam feed pumps are tripped and electric feed pump
13. Tripping of all feed pumps is out of service.
Conditions: a. steam turbine tripping with unit

load >210MW;
MFT 14. Steam turbine tripping
b. steam turbine tripping with unit load >210MW;b, steam
action turbine tripping with unit load <210MW, full closing of
conditions HP/LP bypass with delay of 2s.
for boiler
When there is coal seam or oil layer operation memory,
flame detection for oil and coal will be lost: 1) judgment (or
logic) for oil flame detection is lost: flame of all oil layers is
15. Whole boiler flame failure
lost (4 out of 6 for all oil layers)
2) judgment (or logic) for coal flame detection is lost: flame
of all coal seams is lost (4 out of 6 for all oil layers)
When there is coal seam or oil layer operation memory, all
oil fuel and coal fuel will be lost:
1) judgment (or logic) for oil fuel is lost: a. fully close all
16. Loss of all fuel oil corner valves; b. fully close fuel oil corner valves; put
OFT into operation.
2) judgment (or logic) for coal fuel is lost: a. all coal mills
are shut down; b. all primary air fans are shut down.
Conditions:
1）Total fuel quantity of boiler is>117t/h and HP bypass is
closed. HP main steam valves or HP regulating valves are
17. Loss of protection for reheater fully closed;
2) Total fuel quantity of boiler is>117t/h and LP bypass is
closed. Medium- pressure main steam valves or medium-
pressure regulating valves are fully closed;
18. Loss of FSSS power supply (not done
Hardware implementation of MFT cabinet
temporarily)
1. Steam turbine is tripped;
2. All feed pumps are tripped;
3. Main controller of boiler and steam turbine is switched to manual mode;
4. All oil gun corner valves and fast-closing oil inlet and return valve are closed;
MFT 5. Disable all oil guns and burning torches and the igniter stops igniting;
action 6. All primary air fans, seal air fans, coal mills and coal feeders are tripped off.
results 7. All powder pipe shutoff valves are closed and all tertiary dampers of burner are opened;
8. Relevant equipment of desulfurization system is shut down;
9. Attemperating water for superheater and reheater is cut off;
10. Electrical dust precipitators are completely shut down;
11. Soot blowers are completely shut down;
12. After MFT operation, furnace pressure is still abnormal, and force draft fan is still tripping.
26
4.3 Protection of Generator-transformer Unit

S/N Protection Function Unit Output Mode
Full stop of
1 Differential protection of main transformer PCS-985B
generator-transformer unit
Zero-sequence differential protection of main Full stop of
2 PCS-985B
transformer generator-transformer unit
Phase-to-phase backup protection of main Full stop of
3 PCS-985B
transformer generator-transformer unit
Full stop of
4 Ground backup protection of main transformer PCS-985B
Full stop of
5 Electric-generator differential protection PCS-985B
Full stop of
6 Turn-to-turn protection of generator PCS-985B
Compound voltage overcurrent protection of Full stop of
7 PCS-985B
generator generator-transformer unit
Full stop of
8 Stator earth-fault protection of generator PCS-985B
Full stop of
9 Rotor ground protection of generator PCS-985B
Full stop of
10 Overload protection for generator stator PCS-985B
Negative sequence overload protection for Full stop of
12 PCS-985B
generator generator-transformer unit
13 Loss-of-excitation protection for generator PCS-985B Sequential trip
Full stop of
14 Out-of-step protection of generator PCS-985B
Full stop of
15 Voltage protection of generator PCS-985B
Full stop of
16 Generator overexcitation protection PCS-985B
Full stop of
17 Generator reverse-power protection PCS-985B
18 Frequency protection of generator PCS-985B Signal to full stop
Full stop of
19 Startup/shutdown protection of generator PCS-985B
Overload protection of generator exciting Full stop of
20 PCS-985B
winding generator-transformer unit
Current quick break protection and overcurrent Full stop of
21 protection of excitation transformer PCS-985B generator-transformer unit
Full stop of
22 Inadvertent energizing protection of generator PCS-985B
Breakage flashover protection of breaker De-excitation startup failure
23 PCS-985B
Differential protection of high-voltage plant Full stop of
24 PCS-985B
service transformer generator-transformer unit
HV side backup protection of high-voltage plant Full stop of
25 PCS-985B
service transformer generator-transformer unit
LV side branch A1 backup protection of Switch to full stop
26 PCS-985B
high-voltage plant service transformer
LV side branch A2 backup protection of Switch to full stop
27 PCS-985B
Differential protection of high-voltage Full stop of
28 PCS-985B
desulfurization and common transformer generator-transformer unit
HV side backup protection of high-voltage Full stop of
29 PCS-985B
desulfurization and common transformer generator-transformer unit
LV side branch B1 backup protection of Switch to full stop
30 high-voltage desulfurization and common PCS-985B
transformer in service
LV side branch B2 backup protection of Switch to full stop
31 high-voltage desulfurization and common PCS-985B
transformer in service
32 HV side zero-sequence differential protection of PCS-985B Full stop of
27
main transformer generator-transformer unit

Full stop of
33 Middle 500kV breaker failure protection PCS-985B
Full stop of
34 Side 500kV breaker failure protection PCS-985B
Device blocking Full stop of
35 PCS-985B
Device alarm Full stop of
36 PCS-985B
TV/TA breaking Full stop of
37 PCS-985B
38 Gen Reverse Power Alarm PCS-985B Signal
39 Generator over-excitation alarm PCS-985B Signal
40 Stator overload alarm PCS-985B Signal
41 Negative sequence overload alarm PCS-985B Signal
42 Excitation overload alarm PCS-985B Signal
43 Generator stator ground alarm PCS-985B Signal
44 One-point ground alarm of generator rotor PCS-985B Signal
45 Excitation loss alarm of generator PCS-985B Signal
46 Out-of-step alarm of generator PCS-985B Signal
47 Frequency abnormity alarm of generator PCS-985B Signal
48 Excitation system fault PCS-985B Signal
49 Device blocking PCS-974A Signal
50 Device alarm PCS-974A Signal
51 Non-electricity power loss PCS-974A Signal
Full stop of high-voltage plant service Signal to full stop
52 PCS-974A
transformer cooler
Heavy gas trip of high-voltage plant Full stop of
53 PCS-974A generator-transformer unit
service transformer
Heavy gas trip of high-voltage plant Full stop of
service transformer load switch
High winding temperature trip of Signal to full stop
55 PCS-974A
High oil temperature trip of high-voltage Signal to full stop
56 PCS-974A
plant service transformer
EMERGENCY TRIP Full stop of
57 PCS-974A
Heavy gas of desulfurization and common Full stop of
transformer
High winding temperature trip of Signal to full stop
59 PCS-974A
desulfurization and common transformer
High oil temperature trip of Signal to full stop
60 PCS-974A
desulfurization and common transformer
Light gas alarm of high-voltage plant Signal
61 PCS-974A
service transformer
High winding temperature alarm of Signal
62 PCS-974A
High oil temperature alarm of Signal
63 PCS-974A
Pressure relief alarm of high-voltage plant Signal
64 PCS-974A
service transformer
Pressure relief alarm of high-voltage plant Signal
65 PCS-974A
Abnormal oil level of high-voltage plant Signal
66 PCS-974A
service transformer
Abnormal oil level of high-voltage plant Signal
67 PCS-974A
Full stop of desulfurization and common Signal to full stop
68 PCS-974A
transformer cooler
69 Full stop of main transformer cooler PCS-974A Signal to full stop
70 Heavy gas trip of main transformer PCS-974A Full stop of
28
High winding temperature trip of main Signal to full stop
71 PCS-974A
transformer
High oil temperature trip of main Signal to full stop
72 PCS-974A
transformer
High temperature trip of excitation Signal to full stop
73 PCS-974A
transformer
Thermal process protection operation Full stop of
74 PCS-974A
Water supply cut-off protection operation Signal to full stop
75 PCS-974A
of generator
76 Light gas alarm of main transformer PCS-974A Signal
High winding temperature alarm of main Signal
77 PCS-974A
transformer
High oil temperature alarm of main Signal
78 PCS-974A
transformer
79 Pressure relief alarm of main transformer PCS-974A Signal
80 Abnormal oil level of main transformer PCS-974A Signal
NOTES:
Full stop of generator: trip generator-transformer unit switch, field suppression switch and
close main steam valve;
Full stop of generator-transformer unit: close all outlet of generator, trip inner bridge switch,
main transformer switch at HV side, branch switch of high-voltage plant service transformer at
LV side and switch branch power supply and trip high-voltage desulfurization transformer
switch at LV side;
Program tripping: close main steam valve and interlock thermal process protection.
29
Chapter V Overall Startup of Unit

5.1 Startup Regulations and Requirements
5.1.1 Startup requirements
The following operations shall be held by deputy project operation manager or with the
participation of specified special operation works:
5.1.1.1.1 Startup of unit after major and minor overhaul;
5.1.1.1.2 Overspeed test for unit;
5.1.1.1.3 Load shedding test or RB test for unit;
5.1.1.1.4 Dynamic balance test for unit;
5.1.1.1.5 Leak test for main steam valve and governing valve of steam turbine;
5.1.1.1.6 Safety valve inspection and hydrostatic test for boiler;
5.1.1.1.7 Test of raising voltage from zero for generator;
5.1.1.1.8 False synchronization test for generator;
5.1.1.1.9 Startup after significant improvement of equipment or first application of new
technologies and products.
5.1.2 Startup prohibition conditions of unit:
5.1.2.1 Any main protection of unit (including boiler, machine, main electric protection
and interlocking protection) can not be normally put into operation and protection action value
is not in conformity with requirements;
5.1.2.2 Main thermal control instrument: revolving speed of steam turbine, axial
displacement, steam turbine expansion, expansion difference, cylinder temperature, main steam
temperature, main steam pressure, reheater steam temperature, reheater steam pressure, water
level of water storage tank of startup flash tank, furnace pressure, feedwater flow, steam flow,
steam turbine vibration, bearing temperature or other instruments can not be normally put into
operation;
5.1.2.3 Primary system or equipment of boiler is defected, endangering safety operation;
5.1.2.4 Instrument air source is abnormal;
5.1.2.5 DCS system is abnormal, influencing unit operation and monitoring;
5.1.2.6 FSSS system works abnormally;
5.1.2.7 TSI system can not be put into operation normally;
5.1.2.8 DEH and MEH system can not be put into operation normally;
5.1.2.9 Any high or medium pressure main steam valve, high or medium pressure
regulating valve or extraction check valve of steam turbine can not be tightly closed with
defects such as jamming or malfunction;
5.1.2.10 Double-amplitude eccentric value of steam turbine rotor is higher than 0.076mm;
5.1.2.11 Temperature difference of upper and lower walls of outer HP cylinder of steam
turbine is higher than 50℃ or the temperature difference of upper and lower walls of inner HP
30
cylinder of steam turbine is higher than 35℃;

5.1.2.12 AC/DC lubricating oil pump, hydrogen seal oil standby pump, fire resistant oil
pump and turning gear (any one) is defected or standby pump interlocking is abnormal;
5.1.2.13 Quality of lubricating oil and fire resistant oil is unqualified and lubricating oil inlet
and return temperature is abnormal;
5.1.2.14 Main regulating and control system (deaerator water level, automatic pressure
regulating, bypass system protection and automatic regulating, steam pump or electric pump
control system, etc.) of reheating system is malfunctioned;
5.1.2.15 Water goes into the turbine;
5.1.2.16 Insulation of the unit is not complete;
5.1.2.17 Speed governing system can not maintain steam turbine idling. After load shedding,
revolving speed can not be controlled below the action speed of emergency interceptor or speed
governing system works abnormal caused by other reasons;
5.1.2.18 Control devices of HP/LP bypass system work abnormally, which influences
normal operation of unit or fails to meet unit startup or protection requirements;
5.1.2.19 There are clear metal friction sound, other abnormal sounds or during turning or
turning gear current is clearly increased or fluctuates greatly;
5.1.2.20 Water and steam quality is not in conformity with requirements;
5.1.2.21 Inlet and return fuel oil solenoid valve works abnormally;
5.1.2.22 Air-tight test for hydrogen system of generator is unqualified;
5.1.2.23 Quality of inner cooling water of generator is not qualified;
5.1.2.24 Primary and secondary systems of generator or excitation system are abnormal;
5.1.2.25 Insulation for all parts such as generator and other systems including bearing is not
qualified;
5.1.2.26 Main instruments and meters of generator-transformer unit or parameter measuring
points are abnormal or there is important abnormal alarms.
5.1.2.27 Generator AVR works abnormal;
5.1.2.28 Diesel generator can not be used as standby normally;
5.1.2.29 DC, security and UPS power supply works abnormally.
5.1.3 Division of unit startup state
5.1.3.1 Division of steam turbine startup state
5.1.3.1.1 Cold start: metal temperature at the lower wall regulating stage in inner HP
cylinder <204℃;
5.1.3.1.2 Warm start: 204℃≤ metal temperature at the lower wall regulating stage in inner
HP cylinder<350℃;
5.1.3.1.3 Hot start: 350℃≤metal temperature at the lower wall regulating stage in inner HP
cylinder<450℃;
31
5.1.3.1.4 Extreme hot start: metal temperature at the lower wall regulating stage in inner HP
cylinder≥450℃.
5.1.3.2 Division of boiler startup state
5.1.3.2.1 Cold start: shutdown time ≥72h;
5.1.3.2.2 Warm start: 10h≤shutdown time<72h;
5.1.3.2.3 Hot start: 1h≤shutdown time<10h;
5.1.3.2.4 Extreme hot start: shutdown time<1h.
5.2 Inspection and Test before Startup and Operation of Relevant System
5.2.1 Inspection before startup
5.2.1.1 Operation personnel shall understand installation, maintenance and dyssynchrony
conditions of equipment after unit installation and maintenance;
5.2.1.2 System shall be inspected according to Inspection Card of 660MW UnitCold Start;
5.2.1.3 Once receiving unit startup command, shift chief-operator shall reasonably arrange
all posts and relevant personnel to carry out preparations before startup;
5.2.1.4 Inspect the ensure that all maintenance works influencing unit startup has been
finished, all work tickets has been terminated and relevant safety measures are disabled and
recover the system in time according to demands;
5.2.1.5 Plant power busbar at all section with power transmission conditions shall be
recovered to supply power and signal power supply, control power supply and power source of
unit equipment with power transmission conditions shall be also recovered;
5.2.1.6 Generator proper shall be free of abnormalities and the generator and cushion block
shall be firmly connected and bound with looseness. Besides, there shall be excellent
illumination conditions;
5.2.1.7 All equipment and system sites shall be clean and tidy without sundries and road
shall be unblocked with excellent illumination conditions. All platforms, ladders, handrails and
manhead shall be intact and firm;
5.2.1.8 There shall be enough demineralized water and chemical dosing system and
laboratory analysis system shall be provided with operation conditions. Besides, relevant
dosing and sampling valve shall be opened;
5.2.1.9 Industrial water system and fire protection water system have been normally put
into operation and fire-fighting equipment has been reliably used as standby;
5.2.1.10 Coal handling system shall have coal feeding conditions and the bunker shall be fed
to normal coal level;
5.2.1.11 Startup tools, instruments and recording tables and papers shall be prepared;
5.2.1.12 Boil proper expansion indicator shall be inspected and ensured to be intact;
5.2.1.13 Insulation of all equipment motors shall be checked and ensured to be qualified and
power transmission recovery shall be carried out in time according to demands;
5.2.1.14 Thermotechnical discipline shall be inform to ensure that DCS, TSI, FSSS, DEH,
MEH and ETS systems are normal;
32
5.2.1.15 Relay protection discipline shall be inform to ensure that DCS and FECS systems
are normal;
5.2.1.16 All thermotechnical monitoring instruments shall be put into operation and they
shall be ensured to be intact and available;
5.2.1.17 Thermal control discipline shall be inform to check control power supply and signal
power supply to ensure they are under normal state and the instrument control air source shall
be also checked and ensured to be normal;
5.2.1.18 Operator station and shift chief-operator table shall be inspected to ensure they are
working normally, and the state of all equipment of OIS station shall be ensured to be in
conformity with the actual equipment state;
5.2.1.19 Transmission of electric/pneumatic valve, switch and knife switch shall be checked
to be normal;
5.2.1.20 After major/minor overhaul of unit, all interlocking tests shall be qualified and the
test items and data shall be provided with written report and in conformity with startup
requirements;
5.2.1.21 Oil level of oil tank shall be normal with enough oil;
5.2.1.22 Steam turbine oil purification system shall be put into operation as required;
5.2.1.23 Primary and secondary electric system shall be checked to be excellent and the
system range shall be clean without foreign matters. Connection parts shall be firm and
insulation support shall be fixed without damages;
5.2.1.24 Protection and automatic device signal and indications of instrument and meters
shall be correct without alarm fault signal. Platen shall be used as required, the power supply
shall be in good conditions and cooling device shall be in normal operation state. Besides, all
panels and cabinets and cleans shall be well blocked;
5.2.1.25 Collecting devices shall be firmly connected and brush shall be free of jamming
when slipping upward and downward inside brush holder. The brush holder bottom shall have
contact and friction with collecting ring surface. Carbon brush and shaft grounding carbon
brush of slip ring shall be installed under well contact conditions with proper length. Moreover,
The slip ring shall be free of stain and rust;
5.2.1.26 Safety facilities including ground electrodes, short-circuit wires, nameplate and
scaffold for electrical equipment shall be removed and stationary barrier and warning board
shall have been recovered;
5.2.1.27 Inner cooling water collector ring of generator shall be well grounded;
5.2.1.28 Insulation of generator, excitation transformer and all kinds of auxiliary equipment
shall be qualified and the following precautions shall be paid with attention during
measurement:
5.2.1.28.1 Tramegger with proper voltage grade shall be used when measuring the insulation
of auxiliary equipment. Special 2500V tramegger shall be used for insulation measurement of
generator stator loops, and 500V tramegger shall be used for insulation measurement of
generator rotor loops.
5.2.1.28.2 When measuring the insulation of generator stator, neutral point grounding knife
switch of generator and generator-transformer unit PT shall be opened;
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5.2.1.28.3 When measuring the insulation of generator rotor, one-point grounding protection
platen of generator rotor shall be opened;
5.2.1.28.4 The insulation resistance value of generator stator loops shall be above 100MΩ
under dry conditions. Generator stator winding shall be free of waterlogging. After drying,
tramegger special used for inner water cooling generator shall be used to measure the insulation
resistance to ground of generator stator winding and excitation transformer and isolated phase
enclosed busbar loops to ensure it is not lower than 5MΩ;
5.2.1.28.5 If there is water in generator stator coil or after water supply, tramegger special
used for inner water cooling generator shall be used for measurement. Before measurement,
quality of inner cooling water shall be confirmed to be qualified and the measuring value shall
not be lower than 1/3~1/5 of last measurement;
5.2.1.28.6 When measuring insulation resistance of generator stator coil with inner water
cooling measurement instrument, ground lead of water collecting pipe shall be disassembled,
and it shall be recovered after measurement;
5.2.1.28.7 Insulation resistance of stator water collection pipe and water inlet and outlet pipe
of outgoing line of stator shall be measured by using digital multimeter. The resistance to
ground of insulated water pipe shall be ≥100KΩ and shunt-wound resistance to ground of water
inlet and outlet pipe shall be ≥30KΩ;
5.2.1.28.8 Insulation resistance value of generator rotor loops shall be above 10MΩ;
5.2.1.28.9 If measured insulation resistance value is lower than the allowable value above
and can not be recovered, it shall be reported to chief engineer.
5.2.1.29 Outlet switch and field switch of generator-transformer unit shall be confirmed to
be normal;
5.2.1.30 Actions of exciting loop grounding monitoring device of generator shall be normal;
5.2.1.31 Neutral point grounding transformer of generator shall be put into operation in
intact way.
5.2.1.32 Generator-transformer unit PT shall be put into operation in intact way and
secondary switch shall be closed;
5.2.1.33 Grounding knife switch of generator system shall be opened and all ground lead
shall be disassembled.
5.2.2 Test before start
5.2.2.1 Transmission test for motor-operated valve and pneumatic valve;
5.2.2.2 Static test for rotating equipment;
5.2.2.3 Low water pressure test and low oil pressure test for rotating equipment;
5.2.2.4 DEH transmission test;
5.2.2.5 Thermal process protection test;
5.2.2.6 Electrical test:
5.2.2.6.1 All signals of test generator system shall be correct;
5.2.2.6.2 Linkage test for main switch and field suppression switch of
generator-transformer unit;
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5.2.2.6.3 Simulation test for whole protection of generator-transformer unit;

5.2.2.6.4 Self-starting and power switching test for main transformer cooler, and the power
switching test for excitation regulating cabinet fan;
5.2.2.6.5 Security section voltage loss, automatic switching of standby power and diesel
generator self-starting test;
5.2.2.6.6 UPS power switching test;
5.2.2.6.7 BZT test for low-voltage plant power;
5.2.2.7 Major interlocking test for turbine, boiler and generator.
5.2.3 Operation of relevant systems
5.2.3.1 Plant power system (including UPS and DC system) shall be under normal
operation state;
5.2.3.2 All equipment with power transmission conditions shall have been used for power
transmission;
5.2.3.3 Circulating water system shall be put into operation;
5.2.3.4 Opened water system shall be put into operation;
5.2.3.5 Industrial water system shall be put into operation;
5.2.3.6 Instrument air and plant air system shall be put into operation;
5.2.3.7 Water shall be supplied for condensate water make-up tank;
5.2.3.8 Closed water system shall be put into operation;
5.2.3.9 Turbine lubricating oil system shall be put into operation;
5.2.3.10 Generator sealing oil system shall be put into operation;
5.2.3.11 Generator hydrogen system shall be put into operation;
5.2.3.12 Inner cooling water system shall be put into operation;
5.2.3.13 Shaft jacking oil system shall be put into operation;
5.2.3.14 Turning gear of main equipment shall be put into operation;
5.2.3.15 Operation and washing for condensate system:
5.2.3.15.1 Inspect the quality of water in condenser hot well and ensure it is qualified, and
start condensate pump to wash condensate system and deaerator;
5.2.3.15.2 Open the deaerator to the water drain valve of drain flash tank of boiler and switch
the water level regulating valve of deaerator to automatic mode;
5.2.3.15.3 Close the deaerator to the water drain valve of drain flash tank of boiler when the
quality of water discharged from deaerator reaches Fe<300ppb, and then open the deaerator to
water drain valve of condenser to complete to wash condensate system and deaerator before
condensate water is used for fine treatment.
5.2.3.16 Lubricating oil system of BFP turbine shall be put into operation;
5.2.3.17 Turning gear of BFP turbine shall be put into operation;
35
5.2.3.18 Start-up boiler shall be put into operation and steam shall be supplied to auxiliary
steam header;
5.2.3.19 After deaerator is washed, deaerator recirculating pump shall be started and
deaerator shall be put into operation for heating. Besides, preparations shall be made to feed
water for boiler;
5.2.3.20 It shall be noticed to put electrical dedusting ash hopper, insulator heating and
electrical dedusting rapping device into operation;
5.2.3.21 Warming and drain shall be carried out for fuel oil atomizing steam system.
36
5.3 Cold Start of Unit

Flow Chart of Typical Cold Start of Unit
Start preparation
Water filling for boiler, confirmation for water storage tank
Cold cleaning
Ignition preparation
Ignition, warming, pressurization
Hot cleaning
Pressurize boiler to 8.73MPa, temperature: 360°C
Turbineadmission, impulse starting
Synchronization
Load uprise
Circulation/direct flow switch
Rated load
5.3.1 Boiler feedwater

5.3.1.1 After the inspection before boiler start and when it is confirmed that there are no
factors influencing water filling, expansion indicator of boiler shall be recorded once.
5.3.1.2 Before feedwater, chemical personnel shall be informed for water preparation, and
the dosing system shall be normally put into operation;
5.3.1.3 The water shall be qualified demineralized water with water filling temperature
being 20~70℃. Its water filling method shall be confirmed according to actual conditions. If
the boiler has water already and qualified, it can be discharged in water storage tank at the
position where water level is 12m after being testes as qualified. Otherwise, boil water shall be
exhausted and the boil shall be filled again;
5.3.1.4 Water shall be filled slowly and uniformly with water filling time not less than 2h
and water filling flow being 80~90t/h. If the water temperature is close to water storage tank
wall temperature, water filling can be proper speeded up;
5.3.1.5 All water drain valves of HP water supply system shall be inspected and ensured to
be closed and all water drain valves in front of startup flash tank shall be also closed. All air
valve on heating surface of boiler shall be opened;
5.3.1.6 Water storage tank of startup flash tank shall be opened and the water in it shall be
37
discharged to motor-operated valve of drain flash tank of boiler. And then motor-operated valve
of condenser shall be closed and 361 valve shall be put into operation;
5.3.1.7 motor-operated valve in front or at rear of water supply bypass regulating valve
shall be opened, and water supply bypass regulating valve shall be also properly opened;
5.3.1.8 Water filling method: booster pump of electric pump and steam pump is used.
5.3.1.9 Water filling:
5.3.1.9.1 Booster pump of electric pump and steam pump is used.
1) When the quantity of water at the inlet of water feed pump reaches Fe<100ppb,
bypass is available for water side of HP heater;
2) Booster pump of electric pump and steam pump shall be start to feed water and
feedwater flow of boiler shall be adjusted within 80~90t/h;
3) Temperature of deaerator shall be kept within 80~90℃ to greatest extent according
to auxiliary steam pressure.
5.3.1.9.2 When the water in water storage tank can be seen, water feeding can be slowed
down and supervision shall be enhanced;
5.3.1.9.3 When level of water in water storage tank reaches 12m, 361 valve shall be
switched to automatic mode, and automatic adjustment shall be inspected and ensured to be
normal;
5.3.1.9.4 All air valves in front of startup flash tank shall be closed to complete water
feeding for boiler;
5.3.1.9.5 After water feeding for boiler, expansion indication of boiler shall be completely
recorded once.
5.3.2 Cold washing for boiler
5.3.2.1 Cold opening-type washing
5.3.2.1.1 Feedwater flow of boiler shall be adjusted to about 450t/h, and then cold washing
can be carried out for boiler. The washing water shall be discharged into drain flash tank of
boiler. Besides, startup drain pump of boiler shall be started and the water shall be discharged to
return circulating water header;
5.3.2.1.2 When the quality of water discharged from start-up flash tank reaches Fe<500ppb
(or turbidity ≤3ppm, grease ≤1ppm, PH value ≤9.5), cold opening-type washing is completed;
5.3.2.2 Cold circulating washing
5.3.2.2.1 Open water storage tank to drain water to electric valve of condenser, and shut
down boiler and open the electric valves from drain pump to return circulating water header,
and then switch washing water to condensing steam discharging device for cold circulating
washing;
5.3.2.2.2 Auxiliary steam shall be turned up to deaerator heating valve and feedwater
temperature shall be gradually raised to 80~90℃;
5.3.2.2.3 When the quality of water at economizer inlet reaches the requirements of
conductivity<1μs/cm, Fe<100ppb, PH value =9.3~9.5, cold circulating washing is completed;
5.3.2.2.4 Shift chief-operator shall be informed that cold washing for boiler is completed
38
with water quality in conformity with ignition conditions.

5.3.2.3 Table of Washing Time Recommended by Boiler Manufacturer and Water
Consumption
Startup type First Start of New Unit After long-term operation
and shut down of more than
Cold cleaning Hot cleaning
Discharge methods 150 hours
Boiler flush and drainage About 8.5 hours / 4600 t 0 About 5 hours / 2600 t
Exhaust condensate Approximately 25 hours Approximately 49 hours Approximately 25 hours
5.3.3 Turbine pumping is aired into vacuum state, with shaft seal
5.3.3.1 Turbine pumping is aired into vacuum state
5.3.3.1.1 Check on the steam turbine body, main steam piping, reheating steam piping, and
all water drainage gates of steam exhaust pipings;
5.3.3.1.2 Shut off vacuum breaker valve and commence water influx;
5.3.3.1.3 Switch off the butterfly valve for exhaust steam of steam feed pump;
5.3.3.1.4 Start the vacuum pump for vacuuming system.
5.3.3.2 Turbine pumping shaft sealed
5.3.3.2.1 Confirm the operation of main engine and secondary turning gear (the operation
of secondary turning gear is an unnecessary condition, yet, to prevent internal valve leakage of
secondary shaft sealing system, secondary engine is suggested to be in turning gear status
before commencing main engine shaft sealing);
5.3.3.2.2 Confirm the input at the water side of shaft sealing heater, ensure sufficient and
continuous flow;
5.3.3.2.3 Check the front, back water drainage valves and all filter screen water outlets for
all shaft seal steam supply valves, inject auxiliary steam to shaft sealing steam regulation
station;
5.3.3.2.4 Slightly inject auxiliary steam to electric master valve for shaft sealing steam
supply in order to commence tube warming;
5.3.3.2.5 Switch off all water drainage valves for water outlet valve of shaft sealing filter
screen and shaft sealing system. Switch on auxiliary steam for electric master valve of shaft
sealing to the fullest;
5.3.3.2.6 One shaft sealing fan in operation and the other one serves as backup;
5.3.3.2.7 Steam temperature for low pressure shaft sealing shall be above 150 ℃, and after
14 ℃ of overheat, open the steam inlets for high/middle pressure cylinders and shaft sealing
steam inlets for low pressure cylinders;
5.3.3.2.8 Set temperature to 150 ℃, then commence automatic control of low pressure
attemperation water, maintain steam supply temperature for low pressure sealing to 150 ~
176 ℃.
5.3.4 Preparation before boiler purge
5.3.4.1 Fuel is circulated in the system before injection, boiler internal pressure is around
3.0--3.3 MPa;
5.3.4.2 Switch on all manual valves for ignition oil guns, ignition influx oil gun,
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compressed air supply and atomized steam supply;

5.3.4.3 Initiate boiler bottom deslagging system, check if the hydraulic shutting-off valve
is functioning properly; check if the cable belt conveyor is operating properly and if the view
port is sealed tight;
5.3.4.4 Inject cooling air for boiler flame TV, initiate flame check fan and flame TV, check
if the boiler pipe leakage detection system if operating properly;
5.3.4.5 Start the two air preheaters;
5.3.4.6 Switch on flue gas dampers of the two air preheaters and the air valves for the
primary, secondary air preheater outlets, switch on outlet connection valves of forced draft fan ;
5.3.4.7 Start an induced draft fan by opening its baffle plate in inlet and adjusting furnace
draft to -50~-100 Pa;
5.3.4.8 Start a induced draft fan , slowly adjust air supply motor fan to 30%, adjust inlet
deflector of induce fan and maintain negative pressure of boiler to -50~-100 Pa, adjust furnace
air volume to 30%~40%BMCR.
5.3.5 Oil Leakage Test
5.3.5.1 Switch on fast closing solenoid valve on oil inlet main pipe, fast closing solenoid
valve on oil circulation main pipe; after opening for 60 seconds, switch of fast closing valves on
both of the pipes. Oil feed solenoid valve shall remain switched on, oil filling shall end when
the pressure of fast closing solenoid valve on ignition main pipe reaches above 3.5 MPa. If the
pressure of oil filling cannot reach 3.5 MPa within 300 seconds, then the infusion is considered
a failure and the test shall be shut down.
5.3.5.2 If oil filling succeeded, then fast closing valve on oil filling main pipe will be
closed. If the pressure after the valve remains larger than 3.4 MPa within 90 seconds, then the
test is a success; otherwise the test is a failure and shall be shut down.
5.3.5.3 Switch on the fast closing solenoid valve on oil return pipe, wait till the pressure
drops to 0.5 MPa or less, then switch off the valve after a 5-second delay.
5.3.5.4 If the pressure of the valve remains less than 0.5 MPa within 90 seconds, then the
leakage test is successful. If the pressure of the valve remains more than 0.5 MPa within 90
seconds, then the leakage test is failed.
5.3.5.5 Any conditions below shall be a cause to reset oil leakage test:
5.3.5.5.1 MFT action.
5.3.5.5.2 Oil filling failure.
5.3.5.5.3 Oil leakage test succeeded.
5.3.5.5.4 Oil leakage test failed.
5.3.6 Check if the following conditions are satisfied, then initiate furnace purge
5.3.6.1 Ignition oil, start oil leakage tests succeeded (or bypassed);
5.3.6.2 No existing MFT conditions;
5.3.6.3 No fire within the furnace;
5.3.6.4 Any of the air preheaters is in operation;
40
5.3.6.5 Any of the induce fans and any of the forced draft fans are in operation;
5.3.6.6 Both of the primary air fans are in full cut-off state;
5.3.6.7 Furnace pressure is normal;
5.3.6.8 Fast closing valves for oil filling and returning, solenoid valve for ignition oil,
solenoid valve for start oil and solenoid valve for purging steam shall all be closed;
5.3.6.9 Oil return electric valves for ignition and start oil shall all be closed;
5.3.6.10 All oil angle valves shall be closed;
5.3.6.11 All coal mills and coal feeders shall not be in operation;
5.3.6.12 Inlet primary air pneumatic isolation valves and outlet powder pipe cut-off valves
of all coal mills shall be closed;
5.3.6.13 All secondary air valves for burners shall be in open position;
5.3.6.14 Furnace air volume shall be within the range of 30% ~ 40%.
5.3.7 Ignition for boiler
5.3.7.1 Water quality requirements: iron content of economizer inlet water quality Fe <
50 ug/l iron content of separator exports Fe < 100 ug/l;
5.3.7.2 Confirm the superheater outlet PCV valve is in operation condition.
5.3.7.3 Water drainage heating pipe for air preheater purge.
5.3.7.4 Confirm the condenser vacuum > 85 KPa, reheat steam turbine main, and the water
trap/steam drain valves of body and extraction system are open.
5.3.7.5 Economizer inlet flow shall be 450 t/h and above.
5.3.7.6 Temperature of water supply shall be 80℃ and above.
5.3.7.7 Adjustment for boiler total air volume is around 800t/h.
5.3.7.8 Boiler front fuel pipe pressure is around 3.0~3.3 MPa.
5.3.7.9 Properly insert flue temperature sensor into the furnace.
5.3.7.10 All drain valves on boiler body shall be open.
5.3.7.11 Ignition for boiler
5.3.7.11.1 Coal seam ignition approved: "coal seam ignition approved" signal will be
produced once the following conditions are satisfied
1) MFT has been reset.
2) No MFT trip conditions.
3) Feed water flow is normal.
4) Flame detector cooling air pressure is normal.
5) Primary blower ignition is in operation (two primary blowers are in operation or any
one of the blowers is in operation and coal seam input <4.
6) Any of the coal seams is in operation or total air volume <80%.
41
7) Secondary air temperature is satisfied or micro oil mode is triggered.

5.3.7.11.2 Coal layer ignition approved: "coal layer ignition approved" signal will be
produced once the following conditions are satisfied
1) OFT has been reset.
2) Fuel supply fast closing valve has been switched on, fuel return fast closing valve
has been switched on.
3) Boiler front fuel pressure is normal.
4) No MFT trip conditions.
5) MFT has been reset.
6) Flame detector cooling air pressure is normal.
7) First-time ignition is approved.
8) Any of the coal seams is in operation or total air volume <80%.
9) Oil leakage test is successful or bypassed filling.
5.3.7.11.3 Micro-oil gun ignition test on level A.
1) After the reset of MFT, switch on the fast closing valves on the front of furnace for
fuel filling/returning, adjust fuel pressure to 3.0 ~ 3.3 <Pa, check if all the valves for burner
micro-oil purging steam and combustion air are open; adjust opening of secondary air valve
on level A to around 50%, opening for overfire air is around 20%; for oil layer without ignition,
air volume can be 10~20%, maintain the pressure of secondary air bellow on level A to 0.3~0.4
MPa.>
2) Start one primary blower, adjust air outlet pressure to 7.5~8.0KPa; start any of the
sealing blowers (at least one or more mill sealing air outlet is equipped with tunnel), another
sealing blower shall set as backup.
3) Oil ignition sequence: initiate A3-A4-A2-A5-A1-A6 oil guns respectively, with a
30s interval between every oil gun. See if the flame check display of oil gun is normal, and fire
is displayed on flame check TV. "Micro-oil operation mode" will be initiated after micro-oil
operation is stabilized.
4) Burner control of ignition on level A (A1 is used as demonstration, A2-A6 are the
same as A1)
I Ignition sequence for A1 oil burner
a) Open A1 purge valve first.
b) Initiate purge valve A1 for purging, switch off purge valve 60s later.
c) Stimulate igniter A1 (auto exit is activated after 15 seconds of stimulation).
d) Switch on oil angle valve A1 at the same time; if no flame is detected 15s after ignition, then
oil angle start is a failure.
II Ignition stop sequence for A1 oil burner
a) Switch off A1 purge valve first.
b) Stimulate igniter A1 (auto exit is activated after 15 seconds of stimulation).
42
c) Switch purge valve A1 for a 15s-purging.

d) Switch off purge valve A1; end stop sequence.
5.3.7.11.4 Open exit valve for coal mill A, open isolation valves and pitch valves for cold/hot
wind of coal mill A. Start ventilation for powering system A. Initiate primary steam heating
system at the inlet of mill A. Start mill A when the outlet temperature of primary air heater
reaches 120℃. When the outlet air temperature of mill A reaches 60℃~70℃, start coal feeder,
feeding volume is 20~25t/h, primary air supply shall be around 70t/h (specific air volume for
mill A shall be adjusted in accordance with the air velocity of respective level A and set to
around 20~23m/s); coal power will be quickly ignited after input, with partial combustion.
Slight positive pressure will occuraround burner after the input of coal powder. But there is
slight turbulence on the negative pressure in the furnace.
5.3.7.11.5 Initiate air preheater for continuous purging, preventing concentrated oil burning
on the heated components on the air preheater.
1) After ignition, close attention shall be paid to the temperatures of all metal parts on the
turbine, the changes of temperature differences in upper/lower cylinders and turning gear
current. This is done to prevent steam water from entering cylinders;
2) After ignition, ensure the high/low pressure bypass attemperators and three-stage
attemperation & depressurization unit are in normal operation; confirm high/low bypass
pressure; ensure normal temperature control; ensure normal attemperation water infusion for
high/low pressure water drainage flash tank. The temperature for flash tank body shall be
<80℃.
3) Reduce water supply volume for boiler to 436.4t/h, check the insertion of flue gas
temperature sensor, check the cooling air supply for front/back flame TV.
4) After the operation of powder generation system become normal, gradually increase coal
supply for coal mill A with the power increase of boiler energy. Conduct tests for dampers in
powdering system B~E as soon as possible. If abnormality is found, contact for solution as soon
as possible, and ensure powdering system B~E can serve as backups.
5) Check the ignition of burner, attention shall be paid to furnace pressure and gas temperature
at this point.
6) After coal mill A is in operation, notify personnel on duty for dust removal, slag removal,
electric precipitation and desulfurization in order to commence timely operation of relevant
equipment.
7) Initiate bypass system after boiler ignition. Open manual valves for high/low pressure bypass
colling water, initiate auto high/low pressure bypass and auto cooling water supply, check and
open pneumatic valves for high/low pressure bypass cooling water. With the rising of boiler
pressure, attention shall be paid on checking of high/medium pressure main valves, regulatory
steam valve and high volume stop valve are sealed, make sure V valve is switched on.
8) After boiler ignition, pay attention to the water level of water reserve tank for start-up flash
tank. When rapid water level rising caused by steam water expansion on boiler water cooling
walls occurs, resume coal supply after water level returns to normal. It shall be ensured that 361
valve can control water level in water reserve tank normally.
9) Observe the difference of furnace flue outlet temperature, water cooling wall temperature,
boiler water temperature, main steam temperature and pressure differentials. When the trend of
temperature/pressure rising becomes slower, gradually increase coal supply for coal mill A.
43
10) In order to protect thick wall components, thermal impact shall be reduced. Oil gun flow
rate shall be controlled through oil pressure control, this is done to maintain the temperature rise
of water in the same position to 2℃/min, until boiler pressure reaches 8.438MPa.
5.3.7.11.6 When steam pressure of primary, secondary heating steam reaches 0.2 MPa,
contact thermal engineers for instrument piping flushing and close the flowing valves:
1) Steam-water separator vent valve;
2)Inlet vent valve for low temperature superheater inlet header;
3) Outlet vent valve for low temperature superheater outlet header;
4) Superheater secondary attemperator outlet;
5) Outlet vent valve for high temperature superheater outlet header;
6) Outlet vent valve for low temperature reheater outlet header;
7) Outlet vent valve for high temperature reheater outlet header.
5.3.7.11.7 Switch off drain valves for boiler primary heater & reheater when main steam
pressure reaches 0.5 MPa:
1) Roof superheater outlet header drain valve;
2) Back fence wall outlet header drain valve;
3) Side fence wall outlet header drain valve;
4) Front fence wall outlet header drain valve;
5) Low temperature superheater inlet header drain valve;
6) Platen superheater inlet header drain valve;
7) Platen superheater header outlet pipeline drain valve;
8) FSH inlet header inlet drain valve;
9) FSH outlet header drain valve;
10) FSH outlet header outlet pipeline drain valve;
11) Low temperature superheater inlet reheater drain valve;
12) High temperature outlet header pipeline drain valve.
5.3.7.11.8 After shutting down boiler drain valve and air valve, on-site inspection must be
done immediately. Any leakage must be manually sealed once found. Report to engineer in
charge if sealing is failed.
5.3.7.11.9 Once the boiler is pressurized, use temperature measuring gun for PCV on-site
leakage inspection and strengthen monitoring during boiler pressurization. In case of PCV
valve leakage, report to engineer in charge for hot cleansing immediately
5.3.8 Boiler hot cleansing
5.3.8.1 Start boiler hot cleansing when the outlet temperature of roof tubes reaches 190℃,
then contact for chemical sampling for water quality test of start-up flash tank;
5.3.8.2 During hot cleansing, heating and pressurization shall be suspended. Start oil
pressure can be lowered for an appropriate amount. Maintain the water temperature of start-up
44
flash tank within 190±10℃;

5.3.8.3 Outlet water from start-up flash tank shall be Fe≤50ug/l. Resume heating and
pressurization at original speed after hot cleansing.
5.3.9 Precautions for Unit Heating and Pressurization
5.3.9.1 Check if the auto action of condenser water trap flash tank cooling water is normal
and no exceeding in pressure and temperature limit;
5.3.9.2 Monitor temperatures of metal walls on water cooling wall, start-up flash tank,
superheater, reheater. Make sure temperature rising does not exceed 2.0℃/min;
5.3.9.3 Check if high/low pressure bypass systems are working normally. Make sure the
high pressure check valves are closed before initiating bypass system;
5.3.9.4 Pay attention in monitoring the pressure of auxiliary steam header, adjust steam
inlet for deaerator, maintain water supply temperature at around 80℃;
5.3.9.5 Check if auto water supply is normal, adjust water levels for condenser, deaerator
and flash tank;
5.3.9.6 Contact for chemical test of water quality during start-up;
5.3.9.7 Check the expansion of boiler after start-up flash tank reaches 8.4 MPa and rated
load, and make records;
5.3.9.8 Before the extraction of all oil guns, air preheater shall maintain constant dedusting.
The monitoring of air preheater exhaust temperature shall be strengthened. On-site inspection
shall be done upon alarms, preventing overburning of air preheater;
5.3.9.9 Boiler exhaust temperature shall be<540℃, when the exhaust temperature reaches
higher than 580℃, furnace temperature probe shall retreat automatically;
5.3.9.10 Boiler heating and pressurization shall be done according to cold heating &
pressurization curves and shall conform with the condition for turbine impulse start.
5.3.10 Generator Back Recovery
5.3.10.1 Make sure all switching sequences of generator-transformer unit are terminated, all
safety measures have been removed, all on-site technical discloser and repair & test records are
accounted for and the unit is qualified for operation;
5.3.10.2 Close generator-transformer unit control, signal power secondary switches and
check if the main switch and all switches in excitation circuit are disconnected;
5.3.10.3 Check if internal water cooling system is running normally, initiate water shortage
protection and start-up/shutdown protection;
5.3.10.4 Make sure all 220V AC and DC power supplies in generator excitation cabinet are
normal.
5.3.10.5 Make sure all fuses in generator excitation cabinet are installed.
5.3.10.6 Make sure no abnormal signals are sent from generator excitation cabinet , and all
cooling fan operate normally.
5.3.10.7 Check the display of generator excitation regulator to make sure there is no
abnormal alarm.
45
5.3.10.8 Make sure the AVR control mode of generator excitation regulator is in "auto".
5.3.10.9 Check whether circuit breakers (7A1, 7AB1) at the outlet of generator-transformer
unit are in hot standby mode.
5.3.10.10 Check whether all secondary switches in LCC of circuit breakers (7A1, 7AB1) at
the outlet of generator-transformer unit are closed.
5.3.10.11 Check whether all secondary switches in LCC of circuit breakers (7A1, 7AB1) at
the outlet of generator-transformer unit are in "remote control" position.
5.3.10.12 Check for alarms in alarm windows in LCC of circuit breakers (7A1, 7AB1) at the
outlet of generator-transformer unit.
5.3.10.13 Check if all circuit breakers (7A1, 7AB1) at the outlet of generator-transformer,
isolation switches (7DSGT, 7DSA12, 7DSAB11) and grounding switches (7HESGT, 7ESGT,
7ESA12, 7ESAB11) are all in open position; check for the accuracy of operation mechanism's
display.
5.3.10.14 Check whether the gas pressure at circuit breakers (7A1, 7AB1) at the outlet of
generator-transformer unit is normal (around 0.55 MPa).
5.3.10.15 Check whether the oil pressure of hydraulic spring action mechanism at circuit
breakers (7A1, 7AB1) at the outlet of generator-transformer unit is normal (around 33 MPa).
5.3.10.16 Confirm the power installation of generator-transformer measuring/control unit
and check if the fault wave recorder is in normal operation.
5.3.10.17 Check generator-transformer protection unit alarm signals, and see if protections
for generator-transformer unit is accounted for.
5.3.10.18 Check if units of the same phase are qualified for operation
5.3.11 Condition for turbine impulse start
5.3.11.1 Preparation for DEH & ETS impulse start:
5.3.11.1.1 Contact heat control inspection and check is key switch in ETS control cabinet is
in normal position;
5.3.11.1.2 Check high/medium pressure gas valves, regulation valves on-site and make sure
they are switched off and is in the same status as displayed in OIS station;
5.3.11.1.3 Confirm the following contents on DEH overall control display: "auto IN" as
control measure, "BYPASS ON" as bypass status, "single valve IN" as valve status, "OPC IN
SERVICE" as OPC status and the reading of "VALVE POSITION LIMIT LIMITING" is 0;
5.3.11.1.4 Check the position correctness of on-site breaking controller and oil injection
controller;
5.3.11.1.5 Before the reset of steam turbine, display the following status on DEH manual
panel:
1) Turbine "breaking" button indicator on;
2) Turbine "reset" button indicator off.
5.3.11.1.6 Before impulse start, conduct full checks on relevant operation panels of steam
turbine, make sure the valve positions and relevant parameters are normal.
46
5.3.11.2 Main steam pressure 8.438 MPa, reheated steam pressure≯0.728MPa, main steam
temperature 373℃, reheated steam temperature 335℃; temperature differential of two sides
shall be less than 14℃, not exceeding 41℃; temperature of main steam is higher than that of
reheated steam and temperature difference shall not exceed 83℃;
5.3.11.3 Steam quality is certified;
5.3.11.4 Condenservacuum shall be over -85 KPa;
5.3.11.5 Confirm the temperature difference between upper and lower walls of high pressure
external cylinder is lower than 50℃ and the temperature difference between upper and lower
walls of internal is lower than 35℃;
5.3.11.6 Confirm the turbine has been operating without failure for 4 hours and above, check
for abnormal metallic friction insider cylinders and all shaft seals;
5.3.11.7 Measured rotor double amplitude eccentric value shall not be greater than 0.076
mm;
5.3.11.8 Confirm thermal control ETS system is normal, no first ETS alarms were raised;
5.3.11.9 Confirm the opening of all drain valves on air extraction pipelines and steam
turbine body;
5.3.11.10 Confirm the opening of front/back manual valves of low pressure cylinder spray
control valves, confirm low pressure cylinder spray control valve is in "auto";
5.3.11.11 Confirm the normal interlocking of AC/DC lubrication oil pump and low oil
pressure of hydrogen oil seal backup pump; confirm interlock is in action; confirm normal
operation of lubrication oil system (lubrication oil pressure: 0.096~0.124 MPa); confirm oil
circulation for oil pad; lubrication oil temperature is controlled within 40~45 ℃; confirm oil
circulation of all bearing; confirm oil level in main oil tank to be normal;
5.3.11.12 Initiate EH oil system;
5.3.11.13 Confirm normal operation of sealing oil system and the hydrogen pressure of
generator is above 0.4 MPa;
5.3.11.14 Start hydrogen oil seal backup pump, check if low pressure safeguard oil is in
normal pressure and if there is any oil leakage in the system;
5.3.11.15 Confirm all protections for steam turbine except for vacuum protection are active
and without abnormalities.
5.3.12 Turbine impulse start, acceleration and warm-up
Under normal operation, steam turbine is started in the mode of joint start of high/medium
pressure cylinder with bypass. Comprehensively check if the unit is qualified for impulse start.
The steam turbine will prepare to start upon the command of engineer in charge. Start sequence
is divided as: ATC start "commission" mode and ATC start "cut-off" mode. Without special
requirements, "cut-off" mode shall be used for ATC start instead of "commission" mode. The
introduction of high/medium pressure cylinder with bypass impulse start using ATC "cut-off" is
as follows.
5.3.12.1 Step One: speed: 0-600 r/min
5.3.12.1.1 Click "BYPASS MODE" button on "DEH general control", click "activate" in
"BYPASS ON" window to activate auto bypass.
47
5.3.12.1.2 Click "auto/manual" on DEH "auto control" window, select "auto" on operation
panel, press execution button, status display is "auto", that is , operator auto operation (OA).
5.3.12.1.3 Latch at DEH "auto control" window. Set valve value to 100%, make sure high
pressure regulation valve is open. Confirm the "RSV1, RSV2" light on reheating main steam
valve is on.
5.3.12.1.4 Check and confirm steam turbine and bypass system are in the following status
before impulse start.
Table 1: Valves Status before Joint Start of High/Medium Pressure Cylinder with Bypass
Equipment Status
Main steam valve TV Close
High pressure
Valve limiter shall be lifted by operators till regulatory steam valve is fully opened (single valve
regulatory steam
mode)
valve GV
Reheating regulatory
Shut down
valve IV
Reheating main steam
Full open
valve RSV
Steam inlet circuit
ventilation valve Fully opened (660r/min to 3050r/min)
VVV
High exhaust Open, and ensure the vacuum of high pressure cylinder (generator interconnected, shutdown after a
ventilation valve HEV one minute delay)
High exhaust stop
Close, cold pressure is higher than high exhaust pressure
valve NRV
All high pressure
On B2001
water drain valves
All medium pressure
On B2001
water drain valves
Steam exhaust spray
Close
valve
High pressure bypass Maintain main steam pressure to its designated point of 8.4 MPa; temperature control spray ensures
valver HBP reheating temperature < 220℃
Low-pressure bypass Maintain main steam pressure to its designated point ≤0.2Mpa; temperature control spray ensures
valve LBP reheating temperature is within the limit of condenser.
Vacuum breaking
Close
valve
5.3.12.1.5 In turbine impulse start, set acceleration to 100r/min in "control configuration

window" in DEH general control interface, set target rotation speed to 600r/min, then click
"GO" button, "GO" light goes on and medium pressure regulatory valve start to regulate
rotation speed.
5.3.12.1.6 When rotation speed >3r/min, check for turning trip. Check on-site for the
extraction of turning gear and the stop of turning motor. If turning cannot release in time,
initiate hand trip immediately.
5.3.12.1.7 Open electric steam extraction valves of HP heaters and LP heaters, and
automatically start HP heaters and LP heaters to drain water to condensers.
5.3.12.1.8 When rotation reaches 600r/min, "GO" light goes off and rotation maintains at
600r/min.
5.3.12.1.9 Before rotation reaches 600r/min, rotor eccentricity shall be less than 0.076mm;
monitor turbine vibration at this rotation and make sure it does not exceed alarm value.
5.3.12.2 Step Two: Friction Check:
48
5.3.12.2.1 When turbine rotation reaches 600r/min, press hard manual operation "steam trip"
button to trip the turbine, check and see if TV1~2, GV1~ 4, RSV1~2 and IV1~4 are all closed.
Conduct inspection of the turbine's shaft, cylinder, shaft seal, etc. Listen to the generating unit
of turbine operation and make sure there is no sound of friction.
5.3.12.2.2 After friction check is completed, latch the turbine back on, set target rotation to
600r/min, with 100r/min of acceleration until rotation reaches 600r/min.
Table 2: Valve Control Status of Turbine and Bypass System when Turbine Impulse Start
Reaches 600r/min
Equipment Status
Main steam valve TV Shut down
High pressure regulatory steam valve GV Fully open (single valve mode)
Throttling, rotation control (a small offset is required for
Reheating regulatory valve IV
valves)
Reheating main steam valve RSV Full open
Stean inlet circuit ventilation door VVV Shut down at 600 r/min
High exhaust ventilation door HEV Open, and ensure the vacuum in high pressure cylinder
High exhaust stop valve NRV Close, cold pressure is higher than high exhaust pressure
All high pressure water trap valves On B2001
All medium pressure water trap valves On B2001
Steam exhaust spray valve Close
Maintain main steam pressure to its designated point of 8.4
High pressure bypass valver HBP MPa; temperature control spray ensures reheating
temperature < 220℃
Maintain main steam pressure to its designated point
Low-pressure bypass valve LBP ≤0.2Mpa; temperature control spray ensures reheating
temperature is within the limit of condenser.
5.3.12.2.3 When rotation resumes to 600r/min, wait for 2 min, controlling method will be
switched from IV to TV-IV mode, TV for open, IV for open with certain ratio. Control rotation
at the same time.
5.3.12.3 Step Three: Rotation: 600-2100r/min

5.3.12.3.1 Set target rotation to 2100r/min, acceleration of 150r/min, then press "GO" button;
when turbine rotation reaches 2100r/min, conduct high speed warm up according to parameters
of unit expansion, steam valve internal-external temperature difference and upper-lower
cylinder temperature difference. Continue acceleration after confirming all parameters and
temperature differences in main turbine steam valves and cylinder bodies. When the unit
exceeds critical rotation, acceleration will be automatically set as 500r/min.
Table 3: Valve Control during Acceleration of Turbine and Bypass System (until IV Switch to Rotation of
TV/IV)
Equipment Status
Main steam valve TV Initiate rotation control
Reheating regulatory valve IV Adjust rotation control
Stean inlet circuit ventilation door VVV Close
Steam exhaust spray valve Initiate at 2660r/min
Maintain main steam pressure to its designated point of 8.4
High pressure bypass valver HBP MPa; temperature control spray ensures reheating temperature
< 220℃
Low-pressure bypass valve LBP Maintain main steam pressure to its designated point ≤0.2Mpa;
49
temperature control spray ensures reheating temperature is

within the limit of condenser.
5.3.12.3.2 After confirming rotation has reached 1200r/min, manually shut down shaft
jacking oil pump.
5.3.12.4 Step Four: Rotation: 2100--2800r/min

5.3.12.4.1 Set target rotation to 2800r/min, acceleration of 150r/min, press "GO" button, then
4 min after rotation reaches 2800r/min, DEH will memorize IV opening at this time while IV
will stop and remain the opening at that time. Control mode switches from TV-IV to TV mode.
Table 4: Valve Control during Switches of TV/IV to TV of Turbine and Bypass System
Equipment Status
Main steam valve TV Initiate rotation control
Control rotation till it reaches the limit of TV/IV to TV switch.
Once reheat regulatory steam valves' position is memorized, they
Reheating regulatory valve IV will be permanently fix at this position and will only change along
with reheat pressure differences. This is to maintain constant flow
through medium pressure cylinder.
Steam exhaust spray valve Initiate at 2660r/min
Maintain main steam pressure to its designated point of 8.4 MPa;
High pressure bypass valver HBP temperature control spray ensures cold reheating temperature <
220℃
Maintain main steam pressure to its designated point ≤0.2Mpa;
Low-pressure bypass valve LBP temperature control spray ensures reheating temperature is within
the limit of condenser.
5.3.12.4.2 During impulse start, check the temperatures of the unit's high/low pressure
cylinder exhausts, vibration, shaft vibration, expansion differentials, absolute expansion,
temperature difference of upper & lower cylinder walls, etc; and see if these parameters are
within allowance. Check if the oil temperature at oil cooler outlet is within required range,
inject cooling water into oil cooler for auto control.
5.3.12.4.3 Accelerate to 2800r/min and maintain this rotation for 4min, DEH will memories
IV opening at this time before it's fixed and can only be adjusted along with reheating pressure
(IV will only change with reheating steam pressure difference, this is to maintain flow rate in
medium pressure cylinders, and guarantee the cooling of low pressure cylinder blades and flow
section), then auto switch TV-IV to TV mode.
5.3.12.5 Step Five: TV/GV Valve Switch

Maintain rotation to 2800r/min for 4min, then conduct valve switch after steam temperature is
confirmed to be higher than valve switch temperature (steam chamber temperature is higher
than saturation temperature).
Table 5: Valves’ Status during Turbine TV/GV Valve Switch:
Equipment Status
Control rotation and maintain it to TV/GV valve switch rotation.
Main steam valve TV
Fully opened when steam regulatory valve is off and resulting a
50
rotation drop of 30r/min.

High pressure regulatory steam valve GV Start closing, control rotation after a 30r/min of rotation drop
Reheating regulatory valve IV Hold
Steam exhaust spray valve Input
Maintain main steam pressure to its designated point of 8.4 MPa;
High pressure bypass valver HBP
temperature control spray ensures reheating temperature < 220℃
Maintain main steam pressure to its designated point ≤0.2Mpa;
Low-pressure bypass valve LBP temperature control spray ensures reheating temperature is within
the limit of condenser.
5.3.12.5.1 Click "TV-GV XFER" on DEH screen's "VLV MODE" window, select "GV"
mode, Click "TRANSFER" button again to conduct TV/GV switch, "TV-GV IN PROGRESS"
will be displayed on screen, confirm GV is off from fully open position. Gradually open GV to
the fullest after rotation drops for 10r/min, high pressure regulatory valve will restrict turbine
rotation to 2800r/min and valve switch is completed. Rotation drops during switches is usually
30r/min, with maximum drop not exceeding 70r/min.
5.3.12.5.2 Observe switch process on DEH control display, switch time of TV/GV is ≯
2min. Check if TV is fully opened and GV is in regulatory status after switch is over, and
rotation shall maintain as 2800r/min.
5.3.12.6 Step Six: Rotation: 2800--3000r/min
5.3.12.6.1 Set target rotation to 3000r/min, with acceleration of 50r/min. Press "GO" button
to accelerate turbine.
5.3.12.6.2 After reaching 3000r/min, check the temperatures of the unit's vibration, shaft
vibration, expansion differentials, absolute expansion, temperature difference of upper & lower
cylinder walls, etc; and see if these parameters are within allowance.
5.3.12.6.3 Conduct a full check on all components after the turbine has reached designated
rotation, make sure all system auxiliary equipment is normal and prepare the unit for initial grid
load.
Table 6: Valve Status during the Synchronous Rotation of Turbine and Bypass System (before
Synchronization)
Equipment Status
Main steam valve TV Full open
High pressure regulatory steam valve GV Control and maintain at synchronous rotation
Reheating regulatory valve IV Hold
Maintain main steam pressure at designated point. Conduct
High pressure bypass valver HBP water spray for cooling, and ensure reheating temperature is
within the limit specified in power plant design.
Maintain reheating pressure at designated point. Conduct water
Low-pressure bypass valve LBP spray for cooling, and ensure outlet temperature is within the
limit specified in condenser design.
51
5.3.13 Precautions for turbine impulse start and acceleration:

5.3.13.1 After turbine impulse start, check if medium pressure regulatory valves are
functioning properly, confirm turning gears' fixation on-site; turning gear shall be able to stop
automatically, otherwise it shall be disabled manually;
5.3.13.2 During the process of impulse start and acceleration, pay attention to parameter
changes on all parts including sound, temperature of lubrication oil, temperature of shaft metal,
temperature of return oil, vibration, expansion differentials, vacuum, steam temperature, steam
pressure, cylinder temperature, cylinder temperature differential, axial displacement, etc.
5.3.13.3 Switch off front water drain valve for high pressure main steam valve after reaching
3000rpm;
5.3.13.4 During impulse start and acceleration, make sure high/medium pressure main
steam valves and regulatory valves can open smoothly and free from jamming or discontinuity
discontinuity;
5.3.13.5 Once abnormalities are discovered during acceleration, the process shall be
terminated immediately; resume acceleration after abnormalities are inspected and eliminated.
Stopping in resonance range is prohibited; stopping shall be done below resonance range;
5.3.13.6 Check if high temperature exhaust stop valves is open, be aware of that high
temperature exhaust shall be <427℃, and the ratio of adjustment level and high temperature
exhaust pressure shall be normal (>1.7), if not, then hand trip the turbine;
5.3.13.7 During turbine startup and acceleration, hand trip the turbine when the following
occurs (deceleration warming is prohibited): shaft vibration exceeds 30µm when rotation is
under level one critical rotation; shaft vibration exceeds 254µm after critical rotation is
exceeded;
5.3.13.8 Check if high/low pressure bypass are working normally. Timely adjust parameters
for combustion, main/reheating steam in order to satisfy the requirements for unit impulse start;
5.3.13.9 During acceleration of this unit, warming up is normally not needed. However, if
any of the following conditions were satisfied, medium rotation warming up shall be conducted
at 2340 rpm:
5.3.13.9.1 High pressure positive expansion differential reaches 7.2mm;
5.3.13.9.2 Low pressure positive expansion differential reaches 11mm
5.3.13.10 Vacuum state is normal, temperature of exhaust does not exceed 80 ℃, cold
repressure does not exceed 0.728MPa, temperature of high temperature does not exceed 427℃;
5.3.13.11 Check if all parameters of main equipment lubrication oil, shaft seals, sealing oil,
hydrogen and internal cooling water system are properly adjusted;
5.3.13.12 Check if water levels in deaerator heater, condenser, start-up flash tank and boiler
water trap flash tank are normal;
5.3.13.13 During impulse start, make sure the carbon brushes of generator current collector is
well contacted, and is free from beating, breaking or temperature abnormality;
5.3.13.14 Generator body shall be free from water leakage, oil leakage or hydrogen leakage.
5.3.14 Generator step-up
5.3.14.1 Generator auto step-up
52
5.3.14.1.1 Confirm turbine is at 3000 rpm and is stabilized;

5.3.14.1.2 Check if DCS upper check generator is interconnected and is qualified for
start-up;
5.3.14.1.3 Check the position of AVR auto mode;
5.3.14.1.4 Start the excitation system program;
5.3.14.1.5 Check if generator voltage has reached to the set value of 22 KV; if not,
disconnect magnetic switch immediately;
5.3.14.1.6 Check the insulation of generator stator and rotor circuit should be not be
grounded;
5.3.14.1.7 Check if the three-phase current of generator rotor is normal;
5.3.14.1.8 Check if the generator no-load excitation current and voltage are normal;
5.3.14.1.9 Check the generator three-phase voltage balance;
5.3.14.2 Generator manually step-up: this measure can only be applied after generator has
gone through relevant tests and respective measures have been developed.
5.3.15 Precautions for generator step-up
5.3.15.1 Step-up cannot commence if generator is not filled with hydrogen or stator coil is
not connected with water;
5.3.15.2 Initiate hydrogen cooler before generator step-up;
5.3.15.3 Initiate thermal operation protection and startup/shutdown protection before
generator step-up;
5.3.15.4 Step-up can start after generator rotation has reached rated value;
5.3.15.5 Check if generator step-up and current before interconnection are within allowance,
if not, commence field suppression immediately;
5.3.15.6 During generator step-up, if excitation current or excitation voltage is abnormally
high, or in case of stator current, field suppression shall be applied immediately.
5.3.16 Generator is paralleled with the system
5.3.16.1 Parallel operation shall meet the following conditions
5.3.16.1.1 Waite until the difference between parallel side voltage and system side voltage is
no greater than 5%;
5.3.16.1.2 Waite until the difference between side frequency and system frequency is less
than 0.15 Hz;
5.3.16.1.3 Waite until phase sequences are the same on both sides;
5.3.16.1.4 Phase difference is less than 15 °.
5.3.16.2 Initiate synchronous device power supply.
5.3.16.3 Select synchronous "circuit breaker" (7A1 or 7AB1) in disconnectors at the outlet
of generator-transformer unit window.
5.3.16.4 Select "auto synchronization" in DEH window
53
5.3.16.5 Select "initiate synchronization" in DEH window.

5.3.16.6 After synchronous circuit breaker (7A1 or 7AB1) at the outlet of
generator-transformer unit closes, notify generator and boiler sections that the unit is paralleled.
5.3.16.7 Confirm the closing of synchronous circuit breaker (7A1 or 7AB1) at the outlet of
generator-transformer unit, make sure generator's three phase current is balanced and the unit
carries 5% rated load automatically.
5.3.16.8 Select "terminate synchronization" in DEH window.
5.3.16.9 Cut off power supply for synchronization device.
5.3.16.10 Report to engineer in charge that generator interconnection has been completed.
5.3.17 Checks and operation after unit parallelization
5.3.17.1 A 30 MW initial load will be carried by the unit automatically after parallelization;
5.3.17.2 Adjust unit reactive power properly to ensure the unit does not operate within
phase;
5.3.17.3 Terminate generator startup/shutdown protection.
5.3.17.4 Adjust water supply volume to 475 t/h;
5.3.17.5 Check if high temperature exhaust vent valve shuts down automatically after a 1
min delay;
5.3.17.6 Activate hydrogen driers;
Table 7: Loaded Valve Status after the Synchronization of Turbine and Bypass System
Equipment Status
Synchronises immediately after open to 5% load position
High pressure regulatory steam valve GV
(pressure compensation)
Synchronises immediately after open to 5% load position
Reheating regulatory valve IV
(pressure compensation)
Shutdown 60 seconds after parallelization and cold reheating
High exhaust ventilation door HEV
pressure is lower than 0.828 Mpa
Open when high temperature exhaust vent valve pressure is
High exhaust stop valve NRV
greater than cold reheating after the vent valve is closed
5.3.18 Run up
5.3.18.1 Initiate turbine power control, set warm up target load to 33 MW in DEH main
menu. 15 min or more time is needed for warm up during cold start with low loads. For hot
(warm) start, refer to Warm Up Time Curves during Hot (Warm) Start with Low Loads (see
appendix); during low loads warm-up, all parameters shall be checked and made sure to be
within normal ranges. Any abnormalities shall be timely analyzed and eliminated; reheating
54
steam temperature and low pressure cylinder pressure shall conform with required curves for
no-load /low load reheating steam temperature and back pressure; check for the water sprat
cooling of low pressure cylinder and maintain exhaust temperature of low pressure cylinder to
<80℃.
5.3.18.2 Load rises to 60 MW
5.3.18.2.1 After low load warm up, set load differential to 4 MW/min and target load to 60
MW on DEH load control interface. In case of turbine over speed test, a warm-up longer than 4
hours is required.
5.3.18.2.2 When cold section pressure reaches 0.8 MPa, activate electric isolation door
between equipment cold section and steam header.
5.3.18.2.3 Ensure the normal operation of both A and F powdering systems, retreat "micro
oil mode" of micro oil gun in coal mill A after boiler combustion is stabilized;
5.3.18.2.4 After load reaches 60 MW, switch 6 KV plant electricity to high-voltage plant
service transformer. Start one front pump of steam water supply pump and the respective steam
water supply pump. Warm up for 45 min at 800r/min, steam pump accelerates to a minimum
rotation of 2800r/min, initiate auto minimum flow control.
5.3.18.2.5 Check if the following water drain valves in steam high pressure section are
closed;
1) Main steam pipe pneumatic drain valve
2) Front pneumatic drain valve of left main steam valve
3) Front pneumatic drain valve of right main steam valve
4) Pneumatic drain valve on left high pressure steam pipe
5) Pneumatic drain valve on right high pressure steam pipe
6) High pressure external cylinder pneumatic drain valve
7) High pressure internal cylinder pneumatic drain valve
8) Front/back pneumatic drain valve of primary steam exhaust pipe stop valve
9) Front/back pneumatic drain valve of secondary steam exhaust pipe electric stop
valve
10) Front pneumatic drain valve of high temperature vent valve
11) Reheater hot section pneumatic drain valve
5.3.18.2.6 Apply superheater primary cooling water depending on actual condition, check
regulatory valves of superheater primary, secondary cooling water and reheater cooling water
are all in auto position.
5.3.18.3 Load raised to 90 MW
5.3.18.3.1 Check if high voltage bypass is slowly closing and then fully closed when load
reaches 90 MW (realized by regulating combustion rate and unit power), high voltage is then
switched from rated voltage mode to following mode;
5.3.18.3.2 Check if steam conversion valve and cooling water valve are closed after high
temperature bypass is shutdown. Be aware of the cooperation between combustion and unit
55
load. It must be ensured that, before wet/dry conversion is completed, main steam pressure does
not exceed 8.4 MPa;
5.3.18.3.3 Check if low pressure cylinder water spray is off automatically, and ensure the
exhaust temperature of low pressure cylinder is normal;
5.3.18.4 Load rises to 150 MW
5.3.18.4.1 When unit load reaches to 120 MW and regulatory valve on water supply bypass
has an opening of around 80%, manually switch to main water supply valve for operation, water
supply is regulated by electric valve at water pump outlet.
5.3.18.4.2 When unit load reaches 120 MW, check if turbine and relevant medium pressure
drain valves are shutdown automatically.
1) Front/back pneumatic drain valve of tertiary steam exhaust pipe stop valve
2) Front pneumatic valve between fourth section extraction and electric valves A and B
on BFP turbine
3) Front pneumatic valve of fourth section extraction
4) Rear pneumatic drain valve of fourth section steam extraction stop valve
5) Pneumatic drain valve at the rear of fifth-section extraction steam check valve
6) Rear pneumatic drain valve at the fifth-section extraction steam electric valve
7) Pneumatic drain valve at the rear of sixth-section extraction steam check valve
8) Pneumatic drain valve at the rear of sixth-section extraction steam electric valve
9) Front pneumatic drain valve of low pressure bypass
10) Left/right side pneumatic drain valve of medium pressure steam pipe
11) Front/rear pneumatic drain valves on high pressure cylinder exhaust stop valve
5.3.18.4.3 When loads exceeds 20% of rated load and fourth-section extraction steam
pressure reaches above 0.3 MPa, auxiliary steam for deaerator heating will be supplied by
fourth-section extraction steam. Be aware of auto water level control for deaerator.
5.3.18.4.4 Set target load to 150MW, set load increase to 4 MW/min, gradually add unit load
using main reheating steam at a speed not exceeding 2℃/min;
5.3.18.4.5 When unit load is around 150 MW, check if start-up flash tank water level drops to
11.3 m; check if water level regulatory valve (valve 361) on start-up flash tank is closed; after
valve 361 is completely closed, close electric valve at the bottom of water tank, then close
electric gate valve between valve 361 and steam condensation pipe. Open the manual value of
the pipe-warming water pipes, the pipe warming electric valves from the economizer outlet to
the drain pipes of startup separator water storage tank, and the water-spraying valves from
startup separator water storage tank to the secondary attemperating water. The boiler will
switch to AC operation mode. The attention shall be paid to the following items during dry/wet
working conditions:
1) After the boiler is switched to once-through boiler operation, check and ensure the
feedwater flow automatic regulator is under normal tracking condition, and the feedwater flow
increases along with the increase of boiler heat load.
2) After switching of dry/wet state, increase the amount of flue gas to prevent repeated
56
switching of between dry and wet states.

3) After switching of dry/wet state, the adjustment for the boiler is changed from steam
drum boiler to once-through boiler. Control the temperature of the intermediate points at this
moment, keep the overheating degree within 5℃~15℃, and prevent main steam temperature
from dropping.
4) After the boiler is transferred to dry state, close the electric gate valves from the drain
flash tank of the boiler to condenser electric adjusting valve to prevent vacuum turbine tripping
caused by low level of drain flash tank.
5) After the boiler is switched to once-through boiler operation, check and ensure the
feedwater flow automatic regulator is under normal tracking condition, and the feedwater flow
increases along with the increase of boiler heat load.
Table 8: Loaded Valve Status after the Synchronization of Turbine and Bypass System
Equipment Status
Use post regulatory pressure (main steam flow) as feed back of
High pressure regulatory steam valve GV
controlling load. Initiate load feedback circuit if needed
Directives used for steam valve control can also be used for load
Reheating regulatory valve IV control. Reheating regulatory steam valve shall be set to fully
opened when bypass valves are completely closed
High exhaust ventilation door HEV Close
High exhaust stop valve NRV On B2001
All high pressure water trap valves Close at 10% of load
All medium pressure water trap valves Close at 20% of load
Steam exhaust spray valve Cut off at 15% of load
5.3.18.4.6 When unit load exceeds 150 MW-200 MW, confirm the following water drain
valves are closed.
1) Water drain valve at cold section of reheating pipeline is close.
2) High pressure cylinder body water drain valve is closed.
3) High pressure cylinder shaft sealing piston water drain valve is closed.
4) Rear water drain valves for medium pressure regulatory valve A and B are closed.
5) Front water drain valve of extraction stop valve #1 is closed.
6) Front water drain valves 1 & 2 of high temperature exhaust stop valve are closed.
5.3.18.5 Unit load reaches 180 MW
5.3.18.5.1 Target load is 180 MW. Conduct heating, pressurization and load accumulation in
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accordance with unit start-up curve. Maintain load increasing rate at ≯3MW/min, rate of
temperature rising is 1.5℃/min, rate of reheating steam temperature rising is 2℃/min.
5.3.18.5.2 Commence parallel operation of steam pump and motor pump in accordance with
steam pump condition. Initiate steam pump MEH remote control. Steam pump is MCS
controlled, with auto control activated. Exit motor pump operation after normal operation of
steam pump is confirmed. Pay attention to coal-water ratio; check if boiler water supply and
water level at start-up flash tank are stable.
5.3.18.5.3 Initiate the 3rd powdering system (D or B) when total boiler coal volume reaches
80 ~120 t/h. Gradually increase power output at the rate of 1.3 ~ 1.5t/min.
5.3.18.5.4 As load rises to 180 MW, main steam pressure shall reach 9.5 MPa, main steam
temperature shall reach 465℃, and reheating steam temperature shall reach 430℃. Conduct
warm-up with load and pressure unchanged. After warm-up, main steam temperature will rise
to 500℃, reheating steam temperature will rise to 460℃.
5.3.18.5.5 When flame detector of pulverized coal burner reaches maximum and is stable,
gradually stop the operation of oil guns at level D (or B).
5.3.18.5.6 Steam dedusting for air preheater will be supplied by operation steam supply
when load reaches 180 MW.
5.3.18.5.7 Check water-proof low pressure valve set's auto closing when load reaches 180
MW, if not, close the valve set manually.
5.3.18.6 Unit load reaches 300 MW

5.3.18.6.1 When main steam temperature reaches 530℃, cooling water is automatically
applied; main steam temperature will reach set value at 35% of BMCR load. At this time, the
flow of main/reheating steam is rather low, so pay attention to prevent pipe overheating. Wind
supply shall not be too large, and attention shall be paid to control platen superheater inlet
temperature using primary cooling water. Reduce main/reheating steam temperature to proceed
operation if necessary.
5.3.18.6.2 Switch high temperature water drain valve #3 at high pressure heater to normal
water drain valve for deaerator when load reaches 210 MW, close malfunctioned water drain,
and initiate auto control for high temperature water drain valve.
5.3.18.6.3 Contact chemical operators to switch water supply AVT (volatiles-bearing water
treatment, ammonification and hydrazine) to CWT (ammonification and oxygenation)
operation mode.
Condition for CWT operation mode:
1) Carried load is higher than 180 MW;
2) Economizer inlet water conductivity <0.02μS/cm;
3) More than one water pump in action.
4) Start a second steam water supply pump according to actual needs. When the
rotation matches with the rotation of the steam water supply pump already in action, switch to
auto rotation control. Stop electric water supply pump when both of the steam pumps are in
action. When both of the small steam turbines reach above 30% of capacity, check if their water
drain valves were off automatically.
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5.3.18.6.4 When unit load reaches 240 MW, switch auxiliary steam pressure to cold
reheating steam as cold reheater pressure reaches >1.2 MPa; if auxiliary steam is supplied by
boiler operation, then boiler can be shutdown right now.
5.3.18.6.5 Merge the second steam pump into water supply system. Switch the first steam
pump for fourth section suction supply. Slowly close adjust steam supply valve of this
sub-machine till it is fully closed. This is done to prevent low water supply flow caused be
water supply turbulance. When switch is completed and operation is stable, apply for water
supply auto control.
5.3.18.6.6 When total boiler coal volume is >180 t/h, activate the operation of fourth
powdering system. When putting the fourth coal miller in auto mode and when unit load
reaches ≥280MW, check if boiler combustion is stable and stop oil gun operation accordingly.
5.3.18.6.7 When load reaches 300 MW, switch steam turbine from "single valve" to
"sequential valve" (after half year of operation).
5.3.18.6.8 When load reaches 300 MW, maintain load and steam pressure unchanged.
Initiate boiler auto main control. Initiate "CCS" control and primary frequency control; initiate
AGC control according to the requirements from coordinators. After warm-up,
primary/secondary steam temperatures shall all reach to rated values.
5.3.18.6.9 Initiate air preheater gap sealing device once unit load reaches 300 MW. Yet,
constant monitoring must be done on air preheater current. If current reaches > 35 A or clear
abnormal sounds were detected during air preheater hot end on-site checks, then air preheater
gap sealing device shall be lifted immediately.
5.3.18.6.10 As load rises to 300 MW, main steam pressure shall reach 13.8 MPa, main steam
temperature shall reach 550℃, and reheating steam temperature shall reach 530℃. Conduct a
15-minute warm-up with load and pressure unchanged. Activate auto boiler main control;
activate unit sliding pressure operation; the unit will apply CCS coordination control mode for
operation. After warm-up, primary/secondary steam temperatures shall all reach to rated
values.
5.3.18.6.11 When platen superheater steam exhaust temperature reaches rated value, or when
secondary cooling water regulatory valve opening exceeds 80%, open primary cooling water
master valve for primary cooling water injection.
5.3.18.7 Raise load to 660 MW
5.3.18.7.1 When load reaches 360 MW, check if unit shaft seal system is self-sealed.
Maintain pressure of bleed valve at shaft sealing main pipe to 31 KPa. Steam from bleed valve
is transferred to condenser. Use auxiliary steam supply as primary reserve steam source. Front
and rear electric valves from auxiliary steam supply to shaft seal regulatory valve shall be
opened.
5.3.18.7.2 Target load is 660 MW, maintain load increasing rate at ≯ 6MW/min, pressure
increasing rate at ≯0.2MPa/min.
5.3.18.7.3 Flue pipeline soot blowing is activated when unit load reaches above 300 MW,
furnace soot blowing is activated when unit load reaches above 400 MW.
5.3.18.7.4 When total boiler coal volume is >280 t/h, activate the operation of fifth
powdering system.
5.3.18.7.5 When unit load reaches above 450 MW, start the sixth coal mill according to coal
quality.
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5.3.18.7.6 When load reaches above 528 MW, conduct turbine vacuum leakage test if
needed.
5.3.18.7.7 When unit load reaches 540 MW, and main steam pressure reaches rated value,
unit will enter the phase of constant pressure operation.
5.3.18.7.8 If six coal mills of the boiler is in operation, and when unit power output reaches
full capacity, operation of mill E can be terminated. Conduct a comprehensive soot blowing for
the boiler. Note: a comprehensive soot blowing for each part of the boiler's heated area shall be
done when unit load reaches 80%.
5.3.18.7.9 When unit operation is stabilized, slowly switch auxiliary header steam source
from cold reheating to fourth extraction. Check if the pressure and temperature of steam header
are normal.
5.3.18.7.10 Check if heated metal surface of boiler is not overheated and temperature
deviation is within allowance.
5.3.18.7.11 Conduct recording for expansion indications of boiler body and pipelines.
5.3.18.7.12 Conduct comprehensive checks and adjustments in order to keep all equipment
and systems of the unit under normal operation.
5.3.19 Precautions for Cold Start

5.3.19.1 Temperature monitoring on all heated surfaces of the boiler (especially for water
cooling wall) during the starting process shall be strengthened in order to prevent overheating;
5.3.19.2 Steam and water quality shall be strictly controlled during start-up process;
5.3.19.3 All operations of unit ignition, pressurization, impulse start, interconnection, etc.
shall be conducted in accordance with Unit Cold Start-up Curve;
5.3.19.4 During pressurization, attention shall be paid to combustion adjustment in order to
ensure stable combustion, maintain smooth rising of temperature and ensure even heating on
pressurized components & normal expansion;
5.3.19.5 Check if the water level in start-up flash tank normal and is valve 361 is in normal
operation;
5.3.19.6 When electric pump is in action, be aware of timely water flow adjustment in the
pressurization after boiler ignition. This is to ensure normal flow of water supply;
5.3.19.7 During the early stages of unit start-up and low load phase, the increase of
combustion rate shall be slow and smooth. Application of overheat/reheat cooling water shall
be avoided as much as possible. This is to avoid water spray that is too early or too much,
causing water jamming or even turbine water impact;
5.3.19.8 During the mid and late phases of start-up, timely apply cooling water according to
the temperature rises of steam water and pipe walls;
5.3.19.9 Strengthen the monitoring of air preheater exhaust. On-site inspection shall be done
upon alarm;
5.3.19.10 During unit load increasing, strict attention shall be paid to shaft sealing pressure
differences. Check if self-sealing is switched to normal. Timely adjust shaft sealing steam inlet
valve during self-sealing switches;
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5.3.19.11 During the operation of powdering system, ignition oil gun shall be initiated first.
After the flame check confirmation of respective coal layers to be stable, operation of ignition
oil gun can be suspended;
5.3.19.12 Continuous operation of air preheater can be suspended after the retreat of all oil
guns;
5.3.19.13 When load reaches 350 MW and above, conduct soot blowing on boiler body;
5.3.19.14 Check if relevant water drain valves are closed after the unit's normal operation;
5.3.19.15 Strictly monitor unit expansion differentials, axial displacement and oil circulation
of all shaft tiles, thrust tiles and shafts, and see if these values are within rated ranges;
5.3.19.16 During the acceleration of turbine, special attention shall be paid to unit vibration.
If vibration accumulates ore warm-up is prolonged, any vibration exceeding limit shall cause
trip shutdown. No deceleration or forced acceleration is allowed;
5.3.19.17 During load increasing, the rate of increasing shall be determined by turbine
cylinder expansion. When abnormalities such as vibration occurs, load can be timely stabilized
and warm-up time can be extended if needed;
5.3.19.18 Be aware of the water level differences in condenser, deaerator and heater; conduct
timely adjustment to maintain water level within normal ranges;
5.3.19.19 Check if turbine speed governing system is functioning properly;
5.3.19.20 Check if high/low pressure bypass are working normally;
5.3.19.21 Regulation for generator load increasing:
5.3.19.21.1 The speed active load increasing is determined by turbine. Current increase of
generator stator/rotor shall be smooth;
5.3.19.21.2 During load increasing, check if the auto controls of generator sealing oil, internal
cooling water, hydrogen pressure and temperature are normal. Make sure cooling medium
temperature, heating, metal core temperature, winding temperature and water outlet
temperature are within normal ranges. No water leakage or hydrogen leakage shall appear;
5.3.19.21.3 During load increasing, the operation of excitation system shall be timely checked
and the reactive load of generator shall be timely adjusted. This is done to ensure the generator
is operating within rated power factors and voltages.
5.4 Unit hot start

5.4.1 Procedure of hot start
5.4.1.1 Checks and preparation of unit hot (including warm, hot start and extremely hot)
start can refer to cold start procedures of cold start and attention shall be paid to the following
items:
5.4.1.1.1 Conduct full checks on unit systems that are already in operation and make sure
there is no abnormalities;
5.4.1.12 For systems that are in operation or electric valves/regulatory valves that are
pressurized, on/off tests are not required;
5.4.1.2 Boiler ignition, heating and pressurization shall refer to cold start procedures, pay
attention to:
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5.4.1.2.1 Do not conduct boiler cold cleansing; conduct hot cleansing depending on water
quality;
5.4.1.2.2 Boiler heating and pressurization rate shall be done according to boiler status.
Conduct the operation strictly according to relevant start curves;
5.4.1.3 Turbine impulse start, acceleration and load increasing:
5.4.1.3.1 Select suitable impulse start steam parameters according to cylinder temperature:
1) Main steam pressure 8.4 MPa. main steam pressure shall be 100 ~ 150℃ higher than
the temperature of high pressure regulatory level. A overheat of 56℃ shall be ensured and shall
not exceed rated temperature;
1) Reheating steam pressure shall be as low as possible, with maximum pressure not
exceeding 0.728 MPa. Temperature of reheating steam shall be lower than main steam, and
with a temperature difference ≤60℃;
5.4.1.3.2 Select respective start curves from attached forms or diagrams in accordance with
turbine status and come up with respective acceleration rate, load increasing rate and warm-up
time. These parameters shall be strictly implemented.
5.4.2 Precautions for unit hot start
5.4.2.1 Before starting steam turbine, shutdown records shall be inspected. Check turbine
cylinder temperature, rotor sway, temperature differential between upper and lower cylinder.
Make sure all parameters do not exceed rated values;
5.4.2.2 During warm start and starts with higher temperature, continuous turning shall not
be suspended. Timing shall be recalibrated once turning is interrupted and impulse start is
allowed after 4 hours of continuous operation;
5.4.2.3 During hot start, select suitable shaft sealing gas according to cylinder temperature.
Conduct shaft sealing first and vacuuming later. Shaft sealing steam temperature shall suit
internal wall temperature of nearby cylinders. Maximum temperature difference shall not
exceed 110℃. The time interval of vacuuming and impulse start shall be shortened as much as
possible. Pay special attention to expansion differences;
5.4.2.4 Select respective start curves for heating, pressurization and load increase in
accordance within turbine cylinder temperature;
5.4.2.5 Before unit impulse start, pipes and cylinders shall be fully drained of water. After
impulse start, the temperature of main/reheating steam shall not drop;
5.4.2.6 If boiler is not drained of water, then air valves at the front of flash tank need not to
be opened during boiler water filling;
5.4.2.7 During water filling, control water flow according to the temperature of water
cooling wall and mediums inside of stat-up flash tank as well as metal temperature.
Temperature drop must not exceed 2℃/min;
5.4.2.8 When pressure of start-up flash tank exceeds 8.4 MPa, release pressure by high/low
bypass pressure relief and commence ignition after impulse start drops to 8.4 MPa;
5.4.2.9 During extremely hot start-up, raise water supply temperature as much as possible.
Build up starting inflow as soon as possible before boiler ignition. Complete purging and
ignition as soon as possible;
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5.4.2.10 Before extremely hot start-up, conduct comprehensive purging before starting coal
mill in order to prevent jamming of powdering system or spontaneous combustion;
5.4.2.11 Because startup time is shortened, generator shall be recovered for backup as
quickly as possible before unit impulse start, preventing the turbine from staying too long in
idle condition;
5.4.2.12 In the case of start under negative temperature differences, the metal temperature of
primary steam chamber and predicted temperature under 5% of load shall not exceed 38℃. The
time between impulse start and full speed shall not exceed 10min. This is to increase steam
inflow, raise the temperature of main/reheating steams. Add load as soon as possible (with
metal temperature remain undraped as principle);
5.4.2.13 Average temperature climbing of main/reheating steam pressure during hot start
shall not exceed 2℃/min, instantaneous temperature rise shall not exceed 10℃/min;
5.4.2.14 Load rated during hot start is rather high, mill warm-up for coal mill shall be timely
done. Increase fuel to accommodate the need for load increase;
5.4.2.15 See cold start for the rest of precautions.
5.5 Time Table for Load Increase of the Boiler under Different Modes
5%→30% 30%→50%
5%ECR 30%ECR 50%ECR 50%→100ECR Total time
ECR ECR
(min) (min) min) (%/min) (min)
(%/min) (%/min)
0.92 0.92 0.92
Cold 40 20 30 190
(25min) (20min) (55min)
1.0 1.0 1.27
Warm 6 20 0 112
(25min) (20min) (41min)
1.5 2.0 3.0
Hot 2 8 0 52
(16min) (10min) (16min)
1.5 3.0 5.0
Extreme hot 2 8 0 43.5
(16.5min) (7min) (10min)
5.6 Time Table for Speed Increase of the Turbine under Different Modes
Time between
0~2950rpm speed Warm-up time 30~660MW load Interconnection ~
2950 ~ 3000rpm impulse start ~
increase rpm/min under load of increase rate 660 MW
speed rpm/min interconnection
30MW min MW/min Time, in minutes
min
Cold 100 50 15 4 84 142
Warm 150 50 15 6 60 83
Hot 200 50 5 10 10 50
Extreme
300 50 0 Unlimited 10 Unlimited
hot
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Chapter VI Unit Normal Operation and Adjustment

6.1 Unit Operation Mode
6.1.1 Steam turbine operation mode: DEH system accepts feeds of steam turbine rotation,
generator power, rear pressures of high/medium pressure cylinders, and has 5 modes including:
OPER AUTO, ATC, REMOTE, AUTOSYNC and TM;
6.1.1.1 OPER AUTO (operator auto mode): is the main control mode of the steam turbine,
all of DEH controller's function will be implemented under this mode;
6.1.1.1.1 Set turbine speed increase and target rotation in large range rotation control zone;
6.1.1.1.2 Execute TV - IV conversion and TV - GV conversion;
6.1.1.1.3 After the unit's interconnection, establish load changing rate and target load;
6.1.1.1.4 Initiate/cutoff pressure feed circuit and power feed circuit;
6.1.1.1.5 Identify the limit of on-line operation.
6.1.1.2 ATC (auto turbine control mode): it is an auto-run functional program that will not
be selected normally.
6.1.1.3 REMOTE (remote control mode): under this mode, DEH target value and set value
is the signals given outside DCS system. The following shall be satisfied before selecting
REMOTE mode:
6.1.1.3.1 Must be under OPER AUTO mode;
6.1.1.3.2 Generator must be interconnected and with load;
6.1.1.3.3 Remote signals must be effective;
6.1.1.3.4 Allowed remote contacts must be closed.
6.1.1.4 AUTO SYNC (auto synchronous mode): under this mode, rising/lowering signals
from synchronous devices shall be received in order to adjust set value and enable generator to
reach synchronous rotation. Target value and speed cannot be changed under this mode. If DEH
mode is selected in interconnection, then this mode will be activated. The following shall be
satisfied before selecting AUTO SYNC mode:
6.1.1.4.1 Control system is under OPER AUTO or ATC mode;
6.1.1.4.2 Turbine rotation must be controlled by regulatory valve;
6.1.1.4.3 Generator-transformer unit shall be confirmed to be open;
6.1.1.4.4 Auto synchronous unit shall allow contacts to be closed.
6.1.1.5 TM (manual mode): the most primitive mode, operators open/close regulatory
valves by pushing add/reduce buttons manually. This function can also be realized at DEH
operation station.
6.2 Unit coordination control mode

The mission of coordination control mode (CCS) is: respond to the requirements of
coordinators' demand for load variation under the premises of safety and enable the unit to
operate economically and steadily. CCS adjusts unit load and main steam pressure mainly by
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controlling boiler combustion rate. Unit load shall be changed rapidly along with directives for
load changing and remain main steam pressure within allowed ranges. The selection of CCS
mode is aimed to satisfy the grid's demands for loads to the fullest under the circumstances of
stabilizing pressure.
Broadly speaking, CCS shall incorporate all adjustments of the unit. In a narrow sense, the
adjustments are based on boiler directives and turbine directives, and regulate electricity loads
& steam pressure, forming as joint adjustment system. This system has the following modes.
6.2.1 Turbine & furnace mode (TF mode)
Under TF mode, main steam pressure is regulated by turbine directives (regulatory valves), unit
load is regulated by boiler directives (combustion rate), the quality of main steam pressure
regulation in this mode is rather good, by the performance in load adjustment is rather poor,
with high lagging of load responses and fluctuations. This mode is good for the unit while not
enough to accommodate the demands for load control of power grid.
6.2.2 Coordination mode
Under coordination mode, turbine directives and boiler directives vary along with load
directives. This enables the unit to have rather good responses to loads and ensure main steam
pressure stays within safety limit. The quality for regulation of loads and main steam falls
between TF and FT modes.
6.2.2.1 Coordination control mode based on turbine-furnace (CCTF)
In this mode, when load directives are altered, turbine directives and boiler directives vary at
the same time through the forwarding feedbacks of load directives. This mode has better
responses to loads than pure TF mode. However, due to the rather low heat reserve of AC
furnace, load variation caused by regulatory valves is rather low and with great pressure
differences. The influence to unit is thus higher. This mode is the main control mode used in the
Project.
6.2.2.2 "Direct energy balance (DEB)" coordination control mode
"Direct energy balance (DEB)" mode is equal to "FT" mode. Direct energy balance system use
energy signals as set values, use heat signals as values to be adjusted, use combustion rate as
value applied in adjustment, forming a direct balanced adjustment system regulating turbine
load demands and boiler heat.
6.3 Monitoring and adjustment of operation parameters

6.3.1 General regulations on boiler operation and periodical works
6.3.1.1 Boiler operation adjustment
6.3.1.1.1 To ensure boiler parameters reach rated values and accommodate the unit's
demands for loads.
6.3.1.1.2 Maintain stable and normal steam temperature and pressure.
6.3.1.1.3 Balanced supply of coal and water, maintain normal water-coal ratio.
6.3.1.1.4 Maintain the quality of boiler water and steam.
6.3.1.1.5 Ensure good combustion, reduce heat losses and raise boiler efficiency.
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6.3.1.1.6 Timely adjust boiler operation status, ensure the unit is operating safely and
economically under the best condition
6.3.1.2 Main Parameters and Rated Values of the Boiler
Setting
Parameter Unit Alarm/tripping Notes
value
Low temperature at the superheater outlet ℃ 566 Alarm Warning Load > 300
High temperature at the superheater outlet ℃ 576 Alarm Warning MW
Low temperature at the reheater outlet ℃ 564 Alarm Warning Load > 300
High temperature at the reheater outlet ℃ 574 Alarm Warning MW
High water level in water storage tank of
mm 15500 Alarm Warning
steam-water separator <30%
Low water level in water storage tank of BMCR
mm 1500 Alarm Warning
steam-water separator
Alarm for low furnace pressure KPa -2.0 Alarm Warning
Alarm for high furnace pressure KPa +2.0 Alarm Warning
Signal pick two from
Low furnace pressure MFT KPa -3.0 3s of delay
three/MFT
High furnace pressure MFT KPa +3.0 3s of delay
three/MFT
Main steam pressure of the boiler outlet is
MPa 26.16 Alarm Warning
high
Economizer water supply low t/h 318.54 20s of delay
three/MFT
Economizer water supply extremely low t/h 261.81 3s of delay
three/MFT
Low pressure in start-up oil mains MPa 2.0 Alarm Warning
Ignition oil pressure extremely low MPa 1.7 3s of delay
three/OFT
Ignition oil pressure extremely low MPa 1.7 3s of delay
three/OFT
Purge steam mains pressure low MPa 0.75 Alarm Warning
Purge steam mains pressure extremely low MPa 0.55 OFT 3s of delay
Oil gun purge steam air main pressure low MPa 0.35 Alarm Warning
6.3.1.3 Monitoring and adjustments during normal operation of boiler

6.3.1.3.1 Monitor the main/reheating steam temperatures & pressures of the boiler, make
sure they match with unit load and ensure all parameters are stable.
6.3.1.3.2 Monitor water supply flow, temperature, pressure and cooling water flow of the
boiler, make sure they match with unit load and ensure all parameters are stable.
6.3.1.3.3 Monitor furnace pressure, maintain oxygen content of flue within normal range,
make sure the open directives of forced draft fan and induced draft fan are correct and the
current for both fans shall match with air volume.
6.3.1.3.4 Monitor and make sure the temperatures of all heated metal surfaces are within
normal ranges.
6.3.1.3.5 Ensure the output of powdering system is normal and matches with unit output.
Make sure the temperature and wind pressure at coal mill outlet is within normal range. Ensure
boiler central point temperature is normal and with proper coal-water ratio.
6.3.1.3.6 Check if the indication for primary wind motor opening is correct. Make sure
primary wind pressure is within normal ranges, sealing wind and primary with differentials are
normal.
6.3.1.3.7 Use industrial TV and flame indicators to check if boiler combustion is good.
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6.3.1.3.8 Check if primary/secondary wind temperature and flue temperature of air

preheater are normal. Check if air preheater pressure differential and boiler exhaust temperature
are within normal ranges.
6.3.1.4 Adjustment for combustion
6.3.1.4.1 Purpose of boiler combustion adjustment
1) Ensure the evaporation capacity accommodates the unit's load demands by adjusting
boiler water supply and combustion.
2) Adjust boiler combustion, reduce NOX exhausts, prevent high temperature corrosion
on heated surfaces and air pollution.
3) Maintain the quality of boiler water and steam.
4) Maintain stable and normal steam temperature and pressure.
5) Balanced supply of coal and water, maintain normal water-coal ratio.
6) Ensure good combustion, reduce heat losses and raise boiler efficiency.
7) Timely adjust boiler operation status, ensure the unit is operating safely and
economically under the best condition.
6.3.1.4.2 Boiler combustion adjustment
1) Boiler secondary control shall acquire the industrial analysis of the incoming coal
batch and thus adjust operation conditions in accordance with the features of fuel; in case of
coal quality deviates requirements of the design or in case of wet coals coming in rainy weather,
operators shall complete precautions of accidents before shifts.
2) Normal coal combustion comes with golden flame. The flame shall be equally
distributed in the furnace without jittering. Flames at furnaces with the same rated heights shall
be equally high. Igniter shall operate properly during operation (normally 20cm ~ 30cm from
coal burner, segregation of coal powder shall not exist in flame, and significant sparks shall not
exit either), igniter spray angle is moderate, and flame does not leach walls. Check flame
strength to be in full scale on the display of flame detection, and flame detection shall be free
from blinking. Check on flame monitoring television and see if flame filling process is normal.
3) During normal operation, furnace negative pressure is between -50 ~ -100 Pa. No
flue exhausts from the top of the furnace; economizer outlet oxygen content is set according to
load differences in wind volume control system. Under rated load, furnace oxygen content is
controlled at around 3.5%. Control economizer outlet oxygen content at around 5% during unit
low load operation. When oxygen content is regulated manually, control oxygen content
according to unit load. Inlet wind before coal adding during load increasing, reducing coal
before reducing wind during load reducing.
4) During ignition, maintain combustion in front furnace at rated wind volume under 30
~ 40% of BMCR load (maintain 30 ~ 40% wind volume unchanged, and total wind volume at
2268t/h). After reaching 30 ~ 40% of BMCR load, pay attention to the matching of wind and
fuel. In case of load increase, inlet wind before coal adding. In case of burning coals with low
ash melting point or combustion of kerosene-coal mixture, oxygen content can be properly
raised to prevent furnace from coking.
5) During the initial stages of boiler operation, in case of higher steam pressure, total
wind volume can be properly lowered, but not lower than 30% of BMCR wind volume
(680.4t/h). To raise the combustion effect of fuel, combustion wind volume can be properly
67
raised.
6) -100KPa. Cooling air gate on the burner where the operating oil gun is in use shall be
checked to be fully opened (here refers to ignition oil gun). (If oil gun is having trouble of
ignition, then reduce furnace negative pressure properly or increase secondary wind volume).
7) To ensure combustion economy, periodical checks and adjustments shall be done on
the fineness of coal powder; conduct periodical sampling of dust and soots in order to proceed
timely adjustment of combustion.
8) Analysis of operation parameters and heated surfaces shall be done along with the
normal monitoring of boiler. If steam temperature of heated surfaces or primary/secondary
cooling water temperatures have rather large differences; or when temperature differences on
all heated surfaces are rather large. The analysis shall be organized to find out causes and
conduct treatment. Check if the operation of powdering system is reasonable. The output of
powdering system shall maintain simultaneous operation of front and rear walls if possible.
8) During normal operation, front and rear wall burner at the same level shall operate
simultaneously as much as possible. Asynchronousoperation of front and rear wall burners in
more than 2 levels is prohibited.
10) Check if the external and internal secondary wind regulatory dampers mechanism of
burner is damaged and check if their positions are correct; check if the coal distributions of all
coal mills in operation are consistent; check and analyses coking and damages on burner;
calibrate oxygen detection points and see if oxygen content matches with respective load.
11) When boiler combustion is supported only by kerosene, secondary wind valve at
wind inlet shall be in manual mode, its degree of opening shall ensure the steady ignition of oil
guns and the good efficiency of combustion. When in operation of oil gun, wind damper shall
be adjusted to allow oil gun wind acceptance to maintain within 1.2 ~ 1.8 (3.5%~9.3%) of
excessive air coefficient.
12) When coal powder burners of the respective coal mill are all applied in operation,
secondary wind valve of the burners on this level can be set in "auto control". At this time, the
theoretical secondary wind volume required by the burner is related to coal mill output, primary
wind volume on mill output and cooling air volume for burners not in action.
13) Shut down secondary wind valve damper on respective level when the burners on
this level are off and there are at least two levels of coal powder burners in action.
14) The secondary wind valve on wind inlet distributes wind to each of the levels and
cannot be used to regulated total volume of wind going into the furnace;
15) After boiler load exceeds 30% of BMCR, the opening of secondary wind valve at
wind inlet is the function of boiler load. Wind pressure differential is mainly determined by
burner section, and the coefficient of extra air in burn out area; the range of coefficient of extra
air in burn out area is (0.75 ~ 0.9).
16) Burner external secondary wind valve damper can be closed during the initial stage
of boiler start-up and the time of oil gun action.
17) The boiler's lowest load without oil injection is 35% BMCR. If unit load is lower
than minimum stable load, then oil guns shall be applied for combustion support; pay attention
to flame checks and industrial flame TV monitoring. In case of coal mill operation load is lower
than 20T/H; coal mill start-up/shutdown or burner flame checks indication blinks; furnace
negative pressure and massive oxygen amount differentials, then oil guns shall be applied for
combustion support. The cause shall be diagnosed and dealt with immediately.
68
18) During boiler startup, on-site inspection shall be strengthened. In the normal
operation of oil guns, flame shall be bright and free of blinks. Atomizing angles of oil
mechanism are normal. Oil gun is free from black flue or drippings. Ignition oil gun working
pressure maintains at 3.0 MPa.
19) To prevent unstable combustion, furnace purging and steam purging on heated
surfaces are prohibited when boiler load is lower than 50% BMCR.
20) To reduce wind leaks, all valves and holes shall be sealed during boiler operation.
21) During boiler normal operation, pay attention if the auto furnace pressure control,
primary/secondary and coal feeder rotation auto control are normal. In case of any
abnormalities, switch to manual control when needed to maintain normal operation of unit.
22) During boiler operation, pay attention to burner outlet temperature. In case of high
temperature alarm or abnormal temperature rises, checks shall be done to see if there is coking
inside the burner, or if the burning spacing is too short, or there is internal powder residue and
spontaneous combustion.
23) During boiler burning or load increasing. Besides ensuring normal steam
temperature and pressure, the temperature at the inlet of separator shall also be remained within
in normal ranges After the burners are in action, check if the burning condition is good, timely
adjust wind volume to prevent smoke from coming out of the chimney.
6.3.1.5 Main steam temperature adjustment

6.3.1.5.1 During boiler normal operation, main steam temperature shall maintain at 571℃
within 35~100% BMCR of load ranges. Allowed temperature range is 579~557℃, with a 5℃
of deviation on both of the limit.
6.3.1.5.2 Main steam system controls temperatures of mediums on heated surfaces by
regulating coal volume and water supply. The temperature of steam outlet marks the match of
coal and water supply (mid-point temperature). Certain overheats shall be maintained when
starting separators after DC condition of boiler.
6.3.1.5.3 Main steam primary/secondary cooling water is the auxiliary measure for main
steam temperature regulation. Primary cooling water acts as protection for platen superheater
during superheater and also regulates steam temperature differentials on the left and right side.
Secondary cooling water is use to regulate main steam temperature and steam temperature
differentials on the left and right side, it is also used in maintaining overheat steam within rated
value. start-up flash tank at the temperature of 30~40℃ under 35% ~ 100% of BMCR load
range. Set primary/secondary cooling water regulatory valve opening within 40 ~ 60% when
the temperature of platen superheater outlet and main steam temperature is within rated values.
If cooling water regulatory valve exceeds normal ranges, then coal/water ratio shall be properly
calibrated. This enables rather larger range for primary/secondary cooling water adjustments,
preventing main steam temperature fluctuation caused by system interference.
6.3.1.5.4 During the normal operation of boiler, if steam temperature on start-up flash tank
outlet reaches saturation value, then it is the sign of serious unbalanced coal/water ratio. Such
conditions shall be investigated and dealt with immediately (increase load or reduce water).
Calibrate coal/water ratio if it is the problem of powdering system operation or furnace heat
load operation condition. If furnace operation condition is hard to rectify, then release auto
adjustment to commence manual adjustment of coal/water ratio. When start-up flash tank outlet
pressure < 12 MPa, and separator water level is high, the water drain valve and valve 361
69
between separator reserve tank and condenser shall be opened to drain water out. Water tank
reserve shall not be full upon boiler ignition.
6.3.1.5.5 During manual adjustment of primary/secondary cooling water, the rather large
heat reserve inside the heated system shall be taken into consideration. Steam temperature has
certain inertia and lagging. Cooler medium temperature differences shall be taken into
consideration when regulating cooling water. Sudden rising/lowering is prohibited. Conduct
smooth steam temperature regulation according to the temperature deviation and cooler
temperature differentials; when regulating cooling water as boiler is under low load operation,
temperature after cooling shall remain above 20℃. This is to prevent water accumulation in
superheater.
6.3.1.5.6 The adjustment loads, start/shutdown powdering system, usage of oil guns,
furnace or flue pipe soot blowing and the changes in coal quality will all result in interference
on main steam system. Special attention shall be paid to the monitoring and adjustment of
steam pressure.
6.3.1.5.7 In the operation/shutdown of high pressure heater, temperature of medium on
heated surface changes along with the temperature of water supply. Pay close attention to
temperature differences of water supply, economizer outlet and spiral tube outlet. When
start-up flash tank outlet steam temperature starts to change, rectify coal/water ratio under
coordination mode or manually adjust water supply with fuel quantity remain unchanged. Refer
to start-up flash tank outlet steam temperature and the opening of primary/secondary cooling
water valves for the controls of steam temperature along the line and remain these values to be
normal. After operation/shutdown of high pressure heater, because of changes in unit efficiency.
After steam temperature is stabilized, pay attention to proper increase/decrease of fuel to
maintain the demands for unit load.
6.3.1.5.8 During main steam temperature adjustment, pay attention to the temperature
monitoring on heated surfaces. Steam temperature regulation is based on the fact that metal
temperature does not exceed limits. If necessary, lower steam temperature or unit load when
metal temperature exceeds limits. Conduct active inspections for the causes of metal overheats.
6.3.1.6 Temperature regulation for reheating steam

6.3.1.6.1 During boiler normal operation, reheating steam temperature shall maintain at
569℃ within 50~100% BMCR of load ranges. Allowed temperature range is 577~549℃, with
a 5℃ of deviation on both of the limit. Flue gas damper shall be within 40 ~ 60 %, accident
cooling water is fully closed.
6.3.1.6.2 If steam temperature cannot remain within normal ranges, flue gas damper
opening exceeds normal ranges or accident cooling water is frequently applied, then full
diagnostics shall be done to the system.
1) Check if the operation of the system is reasonable.
2) Check if burner actuator mechanism is damaged and the installation of wind damper
is correct.
3) Check if burner nozzle is damaged.
4) The quality of coal deviates the design value.
5) Check if the furnace and burner nozzle have serious coking.
70
6) Check if steam soot blowing is normally applied.

7) Check if flue damper is damaged.
8) Check if boiler heated surfaces are damaged.
6.3.1.6.3 Temperature of reheating steam is mainly adjusted using rear flue gas dampers.
When reheater outlet temperature exceeds 577℃, reheater accident cooling water is applied for
steam temperature control. The application of accident cooling water shall be avoided as
much as possible during normal operation. This is to avoid the reduction of unit efficiency.
6.3.1.6.4 In manual adjustment for reheating steam temperature, it shall be taken into
consideration that rather large heat capacity remains within heated surface system. Steam
temperature regulation has certain inertia and lagging, pay attention not to open/close flue gas
dampers drastically.
6.3.1.6.5 Reheater spray control: under normal load, reheater spray control is set to be +5℃
of reheating steam temperature. This is only applied in case of emergency.
6.3.1.6.6 Too much water spray on the reheater, along with too big temperature differences
out the inlet of high temperature reheater, will result in large thermal strass on high pressure
header. Therefore, water spray shall be done according to how much the temperature of low
pressure reheater exceeds rated value.
6.3.1.6.7 To reduce thermal stress upon cooler, the following items shall be taken into
consideration:
1) In case of sharp rising of load, water spray ratings shall be lowered to prevent reheat
spray laggings. But set values shift shall be locked with load difference is not too big. This is to
prevent rapid application of spray valves.
2) Once cooling water regulatory valve opens, it shall be closed slowly after steam
temperature is stabilized.
6.3.1.6.8 During the adjustment of accident cooling water, pay attention to the rear steam
temperature, in order to prevent overcorrection. The application cooling water shall be avoided
as much as possible during low load operation of boiler. This is to prevent large water
accumulation caused by slow evaporation. In the regulation of accident cooling water, a
overheat of 20℃ and above shall be ensured to prevent water accumulation on the reheater.
6.3.1.6.9 The adjustment loads, start/shutdown powdering system, usage of oil guns,
furnace or flue pipe soot blowing and the changes in coal quality will all result in interference
on reheating steam system. Special attention shall be paid to the monitoring and adjustment of
steam pressure.
6.3.1.6.10 During reheating steam temperature adjustment, pay attention to the temperature
monitoring on heated surfaces. Steam temperature regulation is based on the fact that metal
temperature does not exceed limits. If necessary, lower steam temperature or unit load when
metal temperature exceeds limits. Conduct active inspections for the causes of metal overheats.
6.3.1.6.11 Precautions for cooling water application
1) Primary cooling water is used to regulate of platen overheater within limit and
alsoserves in main steam temperature regulation. Secondary cooling water is the final
adjustment on main steam temperature. In principle, secondary cooling water shall not be used
under 20% BMCR load; and primary cooling water shall not be used under 10% BMCR load.
2) During normal operation, redundancy shall be left for secondary cooling water, but
71
the reserve shall not be too big.

3) When load is below 50% BMCR, reheater cooling water shall not be used in
principal.
4) During normal operation of boiler, apply primary/secondary cooling water spray
automatically. Adopt manual control in case of large temperature swings.
5) Cooling water regulation comes with certain delay, so regulation shall not be done
drastically. Water volume shall be determined by the temperature after cooling.
6) Steam temperature after cooling shall have more than 20 ℃ of overheat.
7) When the unit is in shutdown, check if cooling water isolation valve is closed.
6.3.1.7 Main steam pressure adjustment
6.3.1.7.1 The boiler adopts fixed-slide-fixe pressure regulation. Boiler minimum DC load is
35% BMCR. Under 50%~100%BMCR load, boiler load change rate is no less than
±5%BMCR/min; when under 30%~50%BMCR load, the rate is no less than ±3%BMCR/min;
when below 30% of BMCR load, the rate is ±2%BMCR/min.
6.3.1.7.2 On the rated conditions, its steam pressure is 25.4±0.5MPa.
6.3.1.7.3 Before the unit enters DC operation:
1) Control steam pressure by regulating fuel consumption. Reduce fuel supply when
steam pressure is high.
2) Increase or decrease the amount of fuel should guarantee metal temperature does not
exceed limits.
3) Reduce water supply and maintain stable water supply on the premises of ensuring
minimum water circulation.
6.3.1.7.4 Unit under DC condition:
1) Water supply directly affects steam pressure. The raise of water supply results in
praise of steam pressure and drop in temperature.
2) Reduce fuel amount to operate with steam pressure within normal ranges. If steam
pressure is high while temperature is low, reduce water supply properly to maintain steam
pressure within normal ranges.
3) When steam pressure is low and temperature is high, increase water supply to
operate with steam pressure raised to normal. If steam pressure is high and temperature is low,
increase coal supply to maintain steam pressure within normal ranges.
6.3.1.8 Adjustment of water storage tank level
6.3.1.8.1 Under normal operation of boiler, the high alarm value of the water storage tank
level is 15.5m while the low alarm value is 1.5m.
6.3.1.8.2 When the water storage tank level is higher than 15.5m, the "361" valve will be
open in full degree; and when the water storage tank level is lower than 11.3m, the "361" valve
will be closed in full degree.
6.3.1.8.3 After feeding water, the normal water storage tank level is 12m as controlled by
"361" valve.
72
6.3.1.9 Boiler soot blowing and dust removal

6.3.1.9.1 Conduct soot blowing and dust removal when boiler load ≥50%BMCR and is
burning steadily. When load is under 50% BMCR, conduct soot blowing according to soot
accumulation.
6.3.1.9.2 Before boiler soot blowing, the pipeline of boiler soot blowing steam system
should be heated. The drain valve will be automatically closed when the drainage temperature
is higher than 300℃. There should be no water. Prevent supersaturated steam damaging the
pipe on the heating surface or ash deposition reacting with water, which will cause hardening.
6.3.1.9.3 The boiler operation personnel should reasonably arrange and put boiler soot
blower into operation as per the ash deposition and slagging condition of all heating surfaces.
During stable combustion with oil under low load, the air pre-heater should be put into
operation for continuous soot blowing.
6.3.1.9.4 A pressured furnace should be avoided during boiler soot blowing. It is forbidden
to open the observation hole near the soot blower for observing the furnace condition during
soot blowing.
6.3.1.9.5 Generally, the order in putting the soot blower into operation is air pre-heater -
short retractable soot blower - long retractable soot blower - half retractable soot blower - air
pre-heater.
6.3.1.9.6 When soot blowing is conducted for the heating surfaces of boiler super-heater,
re-heater and economizer, the principle of paired soot blowing should be followed, with soot
blowing via single soot blower forbidden.
6.3.1.9.7 Close attention should be paid to unit load and changes of main reheat steam
parameter and heating surface metal temperature during soot blowing. In case of abnormalities,
soot blowing should be stopped immediately and can be continued only after the working
condition is stable.
6.3.1.9.8 On-site inspection should be strengthened during boiler soot blowing. Contact
with the maintenance personnel immediately when the soot blower is stuck or is not in place.
6.3.1.9.9 During furnace soot blowing, close attention should be paid to the operation
condition of the steel band machine at furnace bottom, so as to prevent a lot of coke residues
falling down, which may cause tripping of the motor of the steel band machine.
6.3.1.9.10 Regular work of the boiler plant
6.3.1.10.1 Precautions for normal operation & regular work of the boiler
1) To ensure the standby equipment can play a role timely and effectively, test and
switching should be conducted regularly.
2) In case of problems found during the test and switching, the test should be stopped
and relevant personnel should be informed for handling.
3) If there are special circumstances and relevant regular work can not be finished
timely, it should be agreed by the department and records should be kept in the record book for
shifting of duty.
4) For all tests and switching operations, reasonable operation and supervision should
be guaranteed according to the responsibilities of different posts; besides, safety measures
should be taken and accident prediction should be conducted before the tests.
73
5) The operation personnel should get the conditions of regular tests and switching
operations of the equipment recorded. If defects are found, they should record them timely and
make the shifting records.
6.3.1.10.2 Regular Work and Tests of the Boiler
Supervise
Items Period Time Operator Remarks
d by
Deputy
Twice per Patrol
Air pre-heater soot blowing control
shift inspection
operator
Deputy
Once per Patrol
Compressed air system drainage control
shift inspection
operator
Deputy Shift
Load>400
Boiler proper soot blowing Once a day Day shift control Chief-ope
MW
operator rator
Deputy
Twice per Day 1 and day Patrol
Commissioning of ignition oil gun control
month 15 inspection
operator
Deputy
Switching of the lube oil pump for Twice per Day 2 and day Patrol
control
coal mill month 16 inspection
operator
Deputy Shift
Switching of instrument air Twice per Day 3 and day
control Chief-ope
compressor month 17
operator rator
Deputy Shift
Switching of the post treatment Twice per Day 3 and day
control Chief-ope
unit of air compressor month 17
operator rator
Deputy
Switching of the oil station pump Twice per Day 4 and day Patrol
control
for the primary air fan month 18 inspection
operator
Deputy
Switching of the oil station pump Twice per Day 5 and day Patrol
control
for the forced draft fan month 19 inspection
operator
Deputy Shift
Switching of the cooling fan for Twice per Day 6 and day
control Chief-ope
the induced draft fan month 20
operator rator
Deputy Shift
Switching of fire detector cooling Twice per Day 7 and day
control Chief-ope
fan month 21
operator rator
Opening & closing tests for Deputy Shift
Twice per Day 8 and day
fire-fighting steam electric valves control Chief-ope
month 22
of coal mill A, B, C, D, E, F operator rator
Dewatering and pipe-heating for Deputy Shift
Twice per Day 8 and day
the fire-fighting steam system of control Chief-ope
month 22
coal mill operator rator
Deputy Shift
5-minute commissioning for fuel Twice per Day 9 and day
control Chief-ope
pump A, B & C month 23
operator rator
5-minute start-up & Deputy
Twice per Day 10 and Patrol
commissioning for the oil pump control
month day 24 inspection
for guide bearing of air pre-heater operator
5-minute start-up & Deputy
Twice per Day 10 and Patrol
commissioning for the oil pump control
month day 24 inspection
for axial bearing of air pre-heater operator
Deputy Shift
Twice per Day 11 and
Switching of sealing fan control Chief-ope
month day 25
operator rator
Deputy Shift
Fuel tank bottom dewatering Monthly Day 26 control Chief-ope
operator rator
20-minute opening & closing tests Deputy Shift
Day 25 (day
for electric cooling water valve of Monthly control Chief-ope
shift)
the fuel oil pump room operator rator
1st month of Patrol Deputy
Maintenance for start-up boiler Day 26
each quarter inspection control
74
operator
6.3.1.11 Automatic conditions of control loop of the unit

6.3.1.11.1 Conditions for operation of CCS in TF mode
1) Control command free of abnormalities
2) Automatic water supply: at least one feed pump in automatic status.
3) Automatic fuel supply: at least one coal feeder in automatic status.
4) Automatic air supply: at least one forced draft fan in automatic status.
5) Signals for first stage pressure and main steam pressure are normal.
6) No RB occurred.
7) No steam turbine tripping is found.
6.3.1.11.2 Automatic conditions of main control of the steam turbine
1) Control command free of abnormalities
2) DEH is in remote control position.
3) Load reference, first stage pressure, main steam pressure and power signal are
trouble free.
4) Load command and power deviation are ±50MW in CCS mode.
5) In TF mode, the deviation between the set value of main steam pressure and the main
steam pressure is ±1.5MPa.
6) By-pass has been removed.
7) No steam turbine tripping is found.
6.3.1.11.3 Operation conditions of CCS
1) The main control of the steam turbine is in automatic status.
2) The main control of the boiler is in automatic status.
6.3.1.11.4 Operation conditions of AGC
1) The unit is in CCS mode.
2) ADC command is normal.
3) AGC signal is normal.
4) No RB / RD occurred (forced landing).
6.3.1.12 Quality control for boiler steam
Steam condition monitoring table under the condition of AVT (volatile treatment for boiler
water: ammonification & ammonium phosphate, generally adopted for monotube boiler):
Start
Name of Water Control Expected
S/N Supervision Items Unit Control Interval (h) Remarks
Quality Standard Value
Standard
1 Economizerinlet Hydrazine µg/L 2 AVT: 10~50
75
Fe µg/L ≤50 ≤10 ≤5 Regular

SiO2 µg/L ≤30 ≤10 ≤5 Continuously
Na+ µg/L ≤3 ≤2 Continuously
pH(25℃) 8.0~9.0 Continuously AVT: 9.2~9.6
Hydrogen ≤0.15 ≤0.10 Continuously CWT
conductivity µS/cm ≤0.50
≤0.15 ≤0.10 Continuously AVT
(25℃)
PH 8.0~9.0 Continuously AVT: 9.0~9.5
After precision
processing of conductivity
2 µS/cm
condensation ≤0.12 ≤0.10 Continuously AVT
(25℃)
water
SiO2 µg/L ≤10 ≤7 Continuously
Fe µg/L ≤5 ≤3 Regular
Na+ µg/kg ≤20 ≤5 ≤3 Continuously
Hydrogen
Main µS/cm ≤0.50 ≤0.15 ≤0.10 Continuously
3 conductivity(25℃)
steam
PH 8.0-9.0 AVT: 9.0~9.5
Condensate
4 Dissolved oxygen µg/L ≤50 Continuously AVT: ≤20
water outlet
Hydrogen
µS/cm ≤0.15 ≤0.10 Continuously
conductivity(25℃)
Conductivity of
water inflowing in
µS/cm ≤0.15 ≤0.10 Continuously
demineralized
water tank(25℃)
Feed
SiO2 µg/L ≤10 ≤5 Continuously
5 demineralized
Conductivity of
water of boiler
water outflowing
in demineralized µS/cm ≤0.20 ≤0.15 Continuously
water tank
(25℃)
conductivity µS/cm
6 Deaerator Inlet (25℃)
PH 8.0~9.0 Continuously AVT: 9.0~9.5
dissolved oxygen µg/L 30~100 30~60 Continuously AVT: ≤7
conductivity µS/cm
7 Deaerator outlet (25℃)
dissolved oxygen µg/L 30~100 30~60 Continuously AVT: ≤7
Hydrazine µg/L 2 AVT: 10~50
Hydrogen
µS/cm ≤0.50 ≤0.15 ≤0.10 Continuously
8 Separator outlet conductivity(25℃)
Hydrogen
µS/cm ≤0.50 ≤0.15 ≤0.10 Continuously
9 Reheat steam conductivity(25℃)
pH
7.0~9.0 Continuously
(25℃)
Generator Stator Electric
9 µS/cm <2.0 Continuously
Cooling Water conductivity
-Hardness µmol/L ≈0 8
Cu µg/L ≤40 Regular
Hardness µmol/L ≈2.0 Regular
Water
10 Fe µg/L ≤20 Regular
drainage
SiO2 µg/L ≤15 Regular
closed Electric
11 µS/cm ≤20 Continuously
recirculated conductivity
76
cooling water pH
8.5~9.0 Continuously
(25℃)
6.3.2 Adjustment for normal operation of steam turbine

6.3.2.1 Meter reading should be conducted once an hour. Patrol inspection should be
conducted as per the specifications. If the operation mode is changed, or the load is increased or
reduced, or defects are found on the equipment, inspection should be strengthened;
6.3.2.2 In case of the following situations, sound detection should be conducted for the
steam turbine:
6.3.2.2.1 When it is started or shut down;
6.3.2.2.2 When shifting of duty is conducted;
6.3.2.2.3 When the load is changed sharply;
6.3.2.2.4 When the sound from the steam turbine changes.
6.3.2.3 Monitoring for the load, vacuum, main & reheat steam temperatures, steam
pressure, pressure and temperature of all parts of the oil system, changes of current of booster
pump, condensate pump, internal cold water pump, open water pump, closed water pump,
vacuum pump, sealing oil pump and main oil pump for BFP turbine, condensed water pressure,
feed pressure, condenser, deaerator, as well as changes of water & oil levels of closed tank and
main oil tank should be conducted regularly. Hydrogen pressure should be within the normal
range. For parameters changed abnormally, analysis should be conducted with relevant records
kept;
6.3.2.4 Main steam temperature shall be kept at 566±814℃ and reheat steam temperature
shall be kept at 566±824℃;
6.3.2.5 During unit operation, bearing vibration should not be more than 30µm or axle
vibration should not be more than 80µm. If they are exceeded, measures should be taken for
elimination;
6.3.2.6 When the oil level in main oil tank is decreased to -100mm, lubricating oil transfer
pump should be started immediately for oil replenishment; When the oil level in absolute oil
tank is lower than 300mm, or the oil level in the oil tank of BFP turbine is decreased to -100mm,
or the oil in EH oil tank is not sufficient, oil should be supplemented timely; and the factors
causing oil level reducing should be found out and eliminated. Besides, when oil supply for
sealing oil tank can not be conducted automatically, manual oil supply should be conducted;
6.3.2.7 The heater should operate in normal water level. In case of L, H signal, water level
set value should be adjusted to eliminate the alarm timely. Drain water terminal temperature
difference should be controlled to be 5.6~11℃. If drain water terminal temperature difference
reaches 11~28℃, steam may enter into the drain water cooling section. If so, the water level
should be adjusted timely;
6.3.2.8 The pressure of shaft seal main should be kept at 0.031MPa (gauge pressure) in
overflow state. Low pressure cylinder and BFP turbine steam seal should be free of steam
discharge or air intake;
6.3.2.9 The pressure difference between high & low pressure condensers should be less
than 11.8Kpa;
77
6.3.2.10 During normal operation, the pressure difference between gas-side seal oil and
hydrogen should be kept at about 0.084MPa. When the 1st standby oil source is put into
operation, the pressure difference should be kept at about 0.056MPa. The pressure difference
between gas-side seal oil and hydrogen-side seal oil should be within ±490Pa;
6.3.2.11 All water pump bearing vibration values are less than 0.1mm; bearing oil
temperature and metal temperature is within a specific range; a little bit water drips from the
gland; drainage is smooth; motor coil temperature is normal; oil quality is satisfactory; oil is
sufficient; and cooling water is unblocked;
6.3.2.12 If filter screens for open water, sealing oil, main machine lubricating oil, BFP
turbine pilot oil, BFP turbine lubricating oil, condensate pump inlet, internal cooling water,
booster pump inlet, feed pump inlet, closed water pump inlet and electric pump coupling are
blocked, they should be cleaned timely;
6.3.2.13 If silica gel of the fire resistant oil filter becomes red, which means it is invalid,
replacement should be conducted timely;
6.3.2.14 Regular tests and rotation of the equipment, which are organized by the shift
chief-operator, should be conducted as per the regulations;
6.3.2.15 Condenser rubber ball should be cleaned timely;
6.3.2.16 Operation mode of the unit with steam:
Variable pressure operation mode is adopted for the unit; i.e., steam turbine regulating valve
keeps an opening of about 90% and the unit load is adjusted by adjusting the boiler pressure.
6.3.2.16.1 Fixed - sliding - fixed operation mode is adopted for variable load peak regulation
for the unit.
1) Fixed pressure operation mode is adopted when the load is less than 30% of the rated
load or when the load is more than 90% of the rated load;
2) Sliding pressure operation mode is adopted when the load is 30~90% of the rated
load.
6.3.2.16.2 During variable load operation, the following regulation methods are
recommended for operation
1) During high load normal operation, when the load varies sharply and frequently,
throttling governing method (SIN mode) should be adopted;
2) When the unit operates, with the load less than the rated load, for a long time, nozzle
governing (SEQ mode) should be adopted.
6.3.3 Monitoring and adjustment of major parameters of the generator system
For generator in normal operation status, the parameters should be within the allowable range
of rated values. When the parameters are different from the rated values, adjustment should be
conducted timely, so as to make the generator in reasonable operating condition. When the
parameters change, the following principles should be followed:
6.3.3.1 Generator stator voltage
6.3.3.1.1 Generator stator voltage is allowed to vary within the range of ±5% of the rated
value. If the temperature of each part of the generator is within the specified range, generator
output can remain unchanged. The generator can still operate under the rated capacity, rated
frequency and power factor.
78
6.3.3.1.2 When stator voltage is less than 19KV, the stator current should not be more than
20207A.
6.3.3.2 Generator stator current
When the generator operates continuously under the rated parameter, the unbalanced current
should be less than 8% of the rated current, and the short-time negative-sequence current should
meet the requirement of I22*t≤10s.
6.3.3.3 Generator cycle
During generator operation, the variation range of generator cycle is 50±0.5Hz, which can
ensure the generator operates under the rated output.
6.3.3.4 Power factor
The power factor under normal operation of the generator should not be more than 0.95 of that
under late phase operation (reactive power should not be less than 1/3 of active power). If
automatic excitation regulation equipment is used, operation can be carried out, with the power
factor of 0.95~1, if necessary. However, it should be allowed by the dispatcher and the shift
chief-operator. Generally, operation is carried out with the power factor of 0.80~0.95. During
operation, if the power factor is lower than the rated value, the operation personnel should
adjust the load, so as to ensure the exciting current does not exceed the rated value. For normal
operation, leading phase operation is not allowed.
6.3.4 Regulations on excitation system operation mode:
6.3.4.1 Six sets of excitation power cabinets under normal operation status output exciting
current;
6.3.4.2 When four sets of excitation power cabinets operate, the requirements for all
operation conditions including forced excitation can be met; when three sets of excitation
power cabinets operate, the requirements for normal operation of the generator can be met, but
forced excitation is not allowed; two sets of excitation power cabinets can not remain the
operation of the generator; instead, shutdown should be conducted immediately for handling.
6.3.4.3 Generally, generator excitation is in automatic regulation mode. When the
automatic mode of the two regulators goes wrong simultaneously, it will be automatically
switched to manual mode for operation.
6.3.4.4 When excitation regulation is conducted manually, a certain reactive output should
be guaranteed and monitoring for the excitation system should be strengthened. When a 6KV
motor is started, reactive output of the generator should be increased properly.
6.3.5 Monitoring and adjustment of cooling system of the generator
6.3.5.1 Monitoring and adjustment of hydrogen system of the generator
6.3.5.1.1 The rated hydrogen pressure of the generator is 0.4MPa. When it operates under
the rated hydrogen pressure, hydrogen leakage amount should not be more than 11.3 m3/d;
6.3.5.1.2 When hydrogen pressure is changing, the allowable output of the generator should
be determined by the maximum temperature of stator coil; the temperature should not exceed
the temperature when the generator is under the rated condition. In case of different hydrogen
pressures and power factors, the generator output should be determined as per capacity curve
with load. When the hydrogen pressure is too low or when it is in CO2 and air cooling mode,
load is not allowed;
79
6.3.5.1.3 During normal operation of the generator, the hydrogen purity must be higher than
96% and the oxygen content must be lower than 1.2%. If the hydrogen purity is lower than 96%,
hydrogen should be discharged to ensure the hydrogen purity is higher than 96%; when
hydrogen purity is decreased to 90%, the load should be reduced and hydrogen should be
discharged immediately; if the hydrogen purity continues decreasing to 85%, shutdown and
hydrogen discharge should be conducted immediately for inspection. When hydrogen-side seal
oil pump is not used, the hydrogen purity should be higher than 90%;
6.3.5.1.4 The difference between hydrogen pressure of the generator and internal cooling
water pressure must be more than 0.035MPa. If not, an alarm will be given;
6.3.5.1.5 During operation, when one set of hydrogen cooler stops running, the generator
can allow 80% of the rated load under the rated hydrogen pressure and power factor.
6.3.5.2 Monitoring and adjustment of internal cooling water system of the generator
6.3.5.2.1 During normal operation, the conductivity of internal cooling water is
0.5~1.5μs/cm, PH value (25℃) is 7.0-9.0, hardness is less than 20μmol/L and copper content is
not more than 40μmol/L;
6.3.5.2.2 When the conductivity of internal cooling water is more than 2μs/cm, the cooling
water should be replaced to lower the conductivity to a normal value;
6.3.5.2.3 When the conductivity of internal cooling water is increased to 9.5μs/cm, an alarm
for “too high conductivity of internal cooling water” will be given. If so, report it to the leader
and make preparations for shutdown;
6.3.5.2.4 During normal operation, ion exchanger outlet conductivity is 0.1~0.4μs/cm.
When the water conductivity is more than 1.5μs/cm, an alarm will be given in the control room;
6.3.5.2.5 Normally, the internal cooling water of the generator is 116m3/h. The cooling
water low-I value alarm is 104.4m3/h and low-II value alarm is 92.8m3/h; when the inlet &
outlet pressure difference of internal cooling water of the generator is 178Kpa, an alarm for
"low pressure difference between the incoming water and the returning water of stator water"
will be given. When low-II value 141Kpa alarm signal is sent, the generator will carry out water
supply cut-off protection and tripping after 28S;
6.3.5.2.6 Internal cooling water tank should keep a certain nitrogen pressure, normally,
0.014MPa, so as to prevent water quality pollution;
6.3.5.2.7 The inlet pressure for water supply for the internal cooling water system is
0.36MPa and the allowable maximum water inlet temperature is 50℃;
6.3.5.2.8 Normally, four sets of hydrogen coolers operate simultaneously. When one set of
hydrogen cooler stops running, the generator can allow 80% of the load.
6.4 Normal Maintenance and Testing

6.4.1 Test principles
6.4.1.1 After heavy and minor repairs are conducted for the unit, protection and
interlocking tests should be conducted for the main and auxiliary equipment first and
commissioning and operation of the equipment are allowed only after the tests are accepted;
6.4.1.2 The tests should be conducted as per relevant requirements and in strict accordance
with test operation ticket;
6.4.1.3 There should be electric valves, pneumatic valves and servo mechanisms which are
80
locally and remotely controlled. Tests should be conducted for local and remote control devices;
while for the system, electric valve and regulating valve which have been put into operation, no
tests are needed;
6.4.1.4 There are two kinds of equipment testing methods (dynamic and static): when static
test is conducted, the power supply for 6KV auxiliary machine is in the test position and the
power supply for 380V low-voltage equipment is in the working position; when dynamic test is
conducted, operation and power supply are provided. Besides, dynamic test should be
conducted after static test is accepted;
6.4.1.5 Local emergency button and manual start-up & shutdown tests in central control
room should be conducted and accepted before the interlocking test is conducted for the
equipment.
6.4.1.6 All interlocking & protection test actions and sound-light alarm should be normal
and the indication of all lights and the status display of all images should be correct;
6.4.1.7 Regular tests for the unit should be conducted when the unit is operating steadily, in
strict accordance with operation ticket. Local isolation measures should be taken when tests are
conducted for the equipment in operation; and the safety of the equipment can not be affected.
As for consequences possibly caused during the tests, accident prediction should be carried out;
6.4.1.8 If the thermal engineering department is contacted and relevant conditions are met
forcedly before the test, recovery should be conducted after the test and corresponding
protective interlock should be put into operation reliably, with no random changes allowed. If
changes are needed, the specified approval procedures are required.
6.4.1.9 After the test, do well in system & equipment recovery, verify the protective value
and ensure it is correct, analyze the test results and keep detailed records.
6.4.2 Daily inspection and maintenance
Items Period Time Person in Charge Remarks
Moving test for the valve of Once a month 30 day shifts each Shift Chief-operator
main equipment month
Rubber ball washing Once a day Middle shift each day Shift Chief-operator
Opening & closing tests for Twice a month Day 1 and day 15 of Deputy boiler
fuel oil trip valve each month control operator
Commissioning of ignition Twice a month Day 1 and day 15 of Deputy boiler
oil gun each month control operator
Regular soot blowing for Once per shift Deputy boiler
boiler proper control operator
Soot blowing for air Once per shift Deputy boiler Unit load > 400 MW
pre-heater control operator
6.4.3 Regular switching and commissioning of rotating equipment

AC oil pump of main Twice per month Day 9 and day 24 Shift Chief-operator
equipment of each month
DC oil pump of main Twice per month Day 7 and day 22 Shift Chief-operator
equipment of each month
Standby pump for hydrogen Twice per month Day 6 and day 21 Shift Chief-operator
seal oil of each month
Shaft jacking oil pump of Twice per month Day 10 and day 25 Shift Chief-operator
main equipment of each month
DC oil pump for gas-side Twice per month Day 7 and day 22 Shift Chief-operator
seal oil of each month
Hydrogen side seal oil pump Twice per month Day 6 and day 21 Shift Chief-operator
of each month
AC oil pump of BFP turbine Twice per month Day 4 and day 19 Shift Chief-operator
of each month
81
DC oil pump of BFP turbine Twice per month Day 8 and day 23 Shift Chief-operator
of each month
Steam condensate pump Twice per month Day 1 and day 16 Shift Chief-operator
of each month
Vacuum pump Twice per month Day 3 and day 18 Shift Chief-operator
of each month
Closed water pump Twice per month Day 2 and day 17 Shift Chief-operator
of each month
Water makeup pump Once a month 30 morning shifts Shift Chief-operator
Commissioning of open Twice per month Day 3 and day 18 Shift Chief-operator
water pump of each month
Cooling water pump in Twice per month 10 morning shifts Vice-chief operator
circulating pump room each month for central control
Electric water supply pump Once a month 30 morning shifts Shift Chief-operator
Shaft seal fan Twice per month Day 11 and day 26 Shift Chief-operator
of each month
Smoke exhaust fan of the Twice per month Morning shift on Shift Chief-operator
main oil tank day 10, 20, 30 of
each month
Explosion-proof fan Twice per month Day 6 and day 21 Shift Chief-operator
of each month
EH oil pump Twice per month Day 6 and day 21 Shift Chief-operator
of each month
Scanner cooling air fan Twice a month Day 7 and day 21 Deputy boiler
of each month control operator
Sealing fan Twice a month Day 11 and day 25 Deputy boiler
Switching of instrument air Twice a month Day 3 and day 17 Deputy boiler
compressor of each month control operator
Twice a month Day 5 and day 19 Deputy boiler
Oil pump of forced draft fan
Oil pump of induced draft of each month control operator
fan

Oil pump of primary air fan
Based on the requirements of
Oil purifier
the Project Department
Notes: Switching is for the rotating equipment which has backup;

5-minute commissioning is for the equipment shut down frequently when the unit is in normal
operation (electric pump - 30mins)
6.4.4 Regular test for main equipment
Oil spray test for emergency Once every half a year Specialist engineer
breaker
Leak test for main throttle Once every half a year Specialist engineer
valve & governing valve
Rotate speed raising test for Once every half a year Specialist engineer
main equipment
Rotate speed raising test for Once every half a year Specialist engineer
BFP turbine
Solenoid valve blocking test Once a week Specialist engineer
Low lubricating oil pressure Once a month Specialist engineer
protection test
Low vacuum protection test Once a month Specialist engineer
5-minute commissioning for Twice a month Day 9 and day 23 of Deputy boiler control
fuel pump A, B & C each month operator
6.4.5 Regulations on patrol inspection for the generator in normal operation

6.4.5.1 Generator inspection
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6.4.5.1.1 The temperature of all parts of the generator should be normal, without local
overheating phenomenon; and water inlet/outlet temperature and air temperature should also be
normal;
6.4.5.1.2 The noise of all parts of the generator should be normal and the vibration should
not exceed the specified value;
6.4.5.1.3 The display of insulation overheating detection device of the generator should be
normal.
6.4.5.2 Inspection for cooling system of the generator
6.4.5.2.1 The generator and the cooling water pipeline should be free of leakage;
6.4.5.2.2 The parameters of stator coil cooling water should comply with the specified
requirements;
6.4.5.2.3 The pressure of hydrogen in the casing, purity, oxygen content, temperature,
humidity and other parameters should comply with the specified requirements;
6.4.5.2.4 The parameters of hydrogen, oil and water systems of the generator should be
normal and they should be free of leakage and dew formation phenomenon.
6.4.5.3 Generator-transformer unit protection should operate normally and the indication
of the indicator lamp should be normal;
6.4.5.4 Inspection of excitation system
6.4.5.4.1 Inspection for excitation control cabinet and power cabinet:
1) The indication of the meters on the cabinets should be correct; all components in the
cabinets should be free of overheating and burning smell; all cooling fans should operate
normally; filter screen at the inlet should be clean without dust; and power supply and the
indication of signal light should be normal, without alarm signal;
2) The thyristor trigger pulse lamps should be normal and thyristor fuse and other fuses
should be free of fusing phenomenon;
3) The set value of voltage of all power cabinets and phase - shifting trigger angle
should comply with the operation mode and all the cabinets are almost consistent;
4) The positions of all press plates and control switches should be correct and meet the
requirement of operation mode.
5) The components of excitation system should be free of looseness and overheating
and the fuse should be free of fusing phenomenon; the positions of all switches should comply
with the operation mode; the fan should operate normally; and the indication of indicator lamp
should be normal;
6) All cabinet doors should be closed.
6.4.5.4.2 Inspection for de-excitation and over-voltage protection cabinet:
1) The wiring of all parts should be correct, without looseness;
2) Over-voltage protection device should have no action instruction;
3) All fuses should be complete, without fusing signal.
6.4.5.4.3 Inspection for slip ring and carbon brush
83
1) Carbon brush on the slip ring and shaft grounding carbon brush of the generator
should be cleaned and free of jamming, jumping, sparkling, shortening and brush braid
breaking. During normal operation, the current of single carbon brush should not exceed 96A;
if exceeded, it should be adjusted. Besides, carbon brush with relatively low current should be
adjusted to ensure the current is distributed uniformly. If necessary, replacement should be
conducted (the allowable wear degree of carbon brush: the distance between the brush surface
and the brush braid should not be less than 25mm).
2) The surface of slip ring should be free of discoloration and overheating phenomenon
and the temperature should not be more than 100℃.
6.4.5.4.4 The inspection for excitation transformer should be conducted as per the
inspection method of dry-type transformer;
6.4.5.4.5 The following items should be paid attention when carbon brush on the slip ring is
replaced during operation:
1) It is better to conduct the replacement under a low load, or get the field current of the
generator decreased properly;
2) Tools with insulated handles should be used and the operator should stand on an
insulation pad. It is not allowed that both hands touch generator excitation circuit and the
grounding part or the energized part with two different poles. When the excitation circuit has
one grounding alarm, operation in the excitation circuit is forbidden;
3) All carbon brushes of the generator should have the same model, with a contact
surface of over 70％.
6.4.5.5 Inspection for the parts connecting with the generator
6.4.5.5.1 Enclosed bus slight positive pressure device operates normally;
6.4.5.5.2 Inspect whether generator insulation overheating device is free of alarm and the
current percentage is 100~110%;
6.4.5.5.3 Enclosed bus should be free of vibration, discharging and local overheating
phenomenon; the temperature of enclosed bus enclosure, enclosed bus enclosure short circuit
plate and other parts which are easy to be overheated should not be more than 65℃ and the
maximum allowable temperature rise should not be more than 30℃;
6.4.5.5.4 All CT, PT and neutral point transformers should be free of overheating, vibration
and abnormalities;
6.4.5.5.5 Primary system should have acceptable insulation and be free of grounding
phenomenon.
6.4.6 Regular tests for electrical equipment
6.4.6.1 Emergency lighting switch test should be conducted on the 2nd day of each month.
6.4.6.2 Commissioning test for diesel generator is conducted on 1st day and 16th day of
each month (day shift).
6.4.6.3 Registration check should be conducted for 500kv GIS SF6 gas pressure, oil
pressure of disconnector and the action condition of arrester every Thursday (day shift).
6.5 Operation under Off-design Conditions

6.5.1 Regulations on operation when main parameter deviates from normal value
84
6.5.1.1 For any twelve months, the average main steam pressure should not exceed 1% of
the rated pressure (24.442 MPa);
6.5.1.2 The total time of instantaneous pressure fluctuation exceeding 30% of the rated
pressure (>7.26MPa) of one year should not exceed 12 hours;
6.5.1.3 Under abnormal operating conditions, the peak value of instantaneous fluctuation
of main steam pressure should not exceed 30% of the rated pressure (≤7.26MPa);
6.5.1.4 Under abnormal operating conditions, the peak value of instantaneous fluctuation
of steam pressure at the steam outlet of the high pressure cylinder should not exceed 25% of the
maximum steam pressure at the steam outlet of the high pressure cylinder;
6.5.1.5 During operation under the load of more than 10%, the maximum allowable low
pressure cylinder exhaust pressure should be 28KPa;
6.5.1.6 The difference between the exhaust pressures of low pressure cylinder I and low
pressure cylinder II of the steam turbine should be at most 11.8KPa;
6.5.1.7 For any twelve months, the average main steam temperature and the average reheat
steam temperature should not exceed the rated temperature;
6.5.1.8 In normal condition, the maximum main / reheat steam temperature should not be
more than 574℃;
6.5.1.9 Under abnormal operating conditions, main / reheat steam temperature should not
be more than 580℃ and the total time within one year should not exceed 400 hours;
6.5.1.10 The fluctuation of main / reheat steam temperature within 15 minutes should not
exceed 594℃ and the total time within one year should not exceed 80 hours;
6.5.1.11 The left-right deviation of main / reheat steam temperature should not be more than
14℃; under abnormal operating conditions, the left-right deviation of main / reheat steam
temperature should not be more than 42℃ and the time should not exceed 15 minutes; besides,
the time interval of abnormal circumstances should be at least 4 hours;
6.5.1.12 Under the operating condition with full load, the difference between main & reheat
steam temperatures should not be more than 28℃; under abnormal conditions, the temperature
difference can be at most 42℃. Besides, main steam temperature should be higher than reheat
steam temperature. See Appendix Main Steam Temperature and Reheat Steam Temperature
Difference Table for details.
6.5.2 Regulations on shutdown of high-pressure heater and low-pressure heater
6.5.2.1 High-pressure heater can be shut down with 100% load when the following
conditions can be met:
6.5.2.1.1 Main steam flow does not exceed the flow under TMCR operating condition;
6.5.2.1.2 The pressure and temperature of main steam and reheat steam temperature are
within the range of rated values;
6.5.2.1.3 Steam extraction pressure and amount at each section do not exceed the limit
values.
6.5.2.2 Limit Values of Steam Extraction Pressure and Amount
Items #1 #2 #3 Deaerator #5 #6 #7 #8
high-press high-press high-press low-press low-press low-press low-press
85
ure heater ure heater ure heater ure heater ure heater ure heater ure heater
Pressure
limit value 7.051 4.752 2.144 1.109 0.4554 0.1395 0.0679 0.0184
(MPa.a)
Limit
value of
steam
180 210 100 300 150 60 67 60
extraction
amount
(t/h)
86
Chapter VII Unit Shutdown

7.1 Preparation before Unit Shutdown
7.1.1 The shift chief-operator should notice all relevant departments to prepare for unit
shutdown and arrange the work after receiving shutdown command and being clear about the
shutdown reason, time and method;
7.1.2 The operators on duty of all posts should conduct complete inspection for
corresponding equipment and systems, record equipment defects and prepare relevant
operation tickets for unit shutdown;
7.1.3 Preparations for switching of auxiliary steam, shaft seal and deaerator steam source
should be made to guarantee switching conditions;
7.1.4 High / low pressure bypass pipes should be heated for backup and low pressure bypass
pipe valve should be provided with a proper opening;
7.1.5 Complete inspection should be conducted for the boiler front fuel oil system to ensure
the system is in good condition; and complete dewatering should be conducted for the oil
atomizing steam system;
7.1.6 Complete soot blowing should be conducted for boiler heating surface (including air
pre-heater) before boiler shutdown;
7.1.7 Commissioning should be respectively conducted for AC lubrication pump of main
equipment, DC lubrication pump, standby pump for hydrogen seal oil, air side DC seal oil
pump, jacking oil pump, turning motor and DC oil pump of BFP turbine and check whether
interlocking is put into operation normally. If the commissioning is not acceptable, under
non-fault shutdown condition, shutdown should be conducted only after the defects are
eliminated;
7.1.8 Primary steam and cylinder metal temperatures should be completely recorded.
Recording should be conducted once every other hour since the load starts to be decreased.
7.2 Sliding-Parameter Shutdown of the Unit

7.2.1 Regulations on sliding-parameter shutdown
7.2.1.1 Sliding-parameter shutdown mode should be generally adopted when the unit is
required to shut down for a long time;
7.2.1.2 For sliding-parameter shutdown, the temperature reducing speed and the pressure
reducing speed of main steam and reheat steam should be controlled as per the parameters of
cold start-up curves of the unit;
7.2.1.3 Close monitoring should be conducted to ensure temperature drop of
regulating-stage metal is less than 102℃/h and the temperature difference of upper and lower
metals of the steam extraction pipes is less than 35℃.
Sliding-Parameter Shutdown Parameter Control Table
Target main steam Target reheat steam Stabilisation
Load Target main steam
Time
(MW) pressure (MPa) temperature (℃) temperature (℃)
(min)
660 24.2 566 566
450 19 530 530
360 15 510 510 15
87
300 13 500 500 15

240 10 480 480 20
180 9 460 460 30
120 6 420 420 30
60 4 370 370 60
7.2.2 Load reducing from 660MW to 300MW

7.2.2.1 During load reducing from 660MW to 300MW, it is better to adopt coordination
control, and, generally, the load reducing speed should be controlled to be
5MW/min~10MW/min;
7.2.2.2 The unit operates in sliding pressure operation mode when the load is reduced to
90%. The opening of high pressure governing valve should be about 90%. Main steam pressure
is reduced as the load is reduced;
7.2.2.3 When the unit load is reduced to 510MW, based on the conditions, the rotate speed
of coal feeder C should be lowered gradually and coal mill C should be shut down after the
powders are completely extracted. Vacuum leakage test should be conducted according to the
conditions. Turbine by-pass system should be in hot standby state;
7.2.2.4 When the unit load is reduced to 420MW, based on the conditions, the rotate speed
of coal feeder B should be lowered gradually and coal mill B should be shut down after the
powders are completely extracted.
7.2.2.5 The steam intake mode of steam turbine should be switched to "nozzle governing"
mode; super-heated & reheat steam temperatures and the pressure set values should be
lowered gradually; and temperature and pressure should be lowered as per the cold start-up
curves;
7.2.2.6 When the unit load is reduced to about 360MW, check whether shaft seal steam
overflow valve is closed and ensure the automatic adjustment function of the pressure of
auxiliary steam supplied to shaft seal is normal and the pressure and temperature of shaft seal
main are normal. Main steam temperature: 500℃, reheat steam temperature: 480℃;
7.2.2.7 The following operations should be conducted when the load is reduced to
300MW:
7.2.2.7.1 It should be maintained for 15min when the load is reduced to 300MW. During
this period, transfer the water supply load to one steam pump and keep the other pump in
standby operation state;
7.2.2.7.2 Boiler main control should be switched to the manual mode and turbine main
control should be in automatic mode. Besides, the control mode of the unit should be switched
to turbine follow mode;
7.2.2.7.3 High / low bypass control should be switched to "shutdown" mode;
7.2.2.7.4 Air pre-heater should be put into operation for continuous soot blowing and
sealing clearance automatic regulating device of the air pre-heater should be set in the
maximum position;
7.2.2.7.5 The temperature of main steam and reheat steam should be maintained at the rated
value to the greatest extent. After level-I & II attemperating water regulating valves are fully
closed, give up the automatic mode of level-I & II attemperating water; after reheat steam
emergency attemperating water and smoke damper are closed, give up the automatic
adjustment for temperature of reheat steam.
88
7.2.2.7.6 Desulfurization operation should be stopped;

7.2.2.7.7 The operator on duty for electric precipitation should exit from all electric fields
and electric precipitator should stop running;
7.2.2.8 When the openings of guide baffles of two sets of primary fans are less than 25%,
one set of primary fan should stop running;
7.2.2.9 Fuel main control should adjust boiler fuel amount manually;
7.2.2.10 Four-section extractor should be replaced with cold-section of the unit for auxiliary
steam supply. If there is an adjacent equipment in operation, use the adjacent equipment for
steam supply, preferentially; check whether the regulating valve for auxiliary steam supplied to
the deaerator is in an automatic mode, and at this moment, main steam pressure is 13.8MPa,
reheat steam pressure is 1.3 MPa, main steam temperature is 450 ℃ and reheat steam
temperature is 430℃.
7.2.2.11 The steam intake mode of steam turbine should be switched from "sequence control
mode" to "single valve control mode".
7.2.3 Load reducing from 300MW to 180MW
7.2.3.1 The unit load should be reduced to 180MW under turbine follow mode, with the
load reducing speed of 10MW/min;
7.2.3.2 During pressure reducing of the unit, the fixed value of main steam pressure should
be adjusted manually as per the opening of steam turbine regulating valve. The opening of
steam turbine regulating valve should be about 90%;
7.2.3.2.1 During load reducing, level-F oil gun should be put into operation. Based on the
conditions, the rotate speed of coal feeder D should be lowered gradually and coal mill D
should be shut down after the powders are are completely extracted.
7.2.3.3 During load reducing, close monitoring should be conducted for the air volume, the
temperature of the intermediate point and main steam temperature. In case of automatic failure,
manual adjustment should be conducted timely for the air volume, fuel-water ratio and
attemperating water;
7.2.3.4 It should be maintained for 20min when the load is reduced to 210MW. Main steam
pressure should be controlled to be 11.0MPa/430℃ and reheat steam temperature should be
controlled to be 410℃. During this period, for auxiliary power, high-voltage plant service
transformer should be replaced with standby transformer for power supply;
7.2.3.5 The following operations should be conducted when the load is reduced to
180MW:
7.2.3.5.1 Check and adjust "CCS control screen". When the deviation between "constant
pressure setting" and "sliding pressure setting" and "pressure measurement" indications is
within 0.5 MPa, it should be switched to "constant pressure (CP)" control mode and main steam
pressure should be reduced to 8.4-9 MPa gradually and then keep stable;
7.2.3.5.2 Start the electric pump, shut down the other steam pump gradually, and check
linkage shutdown of the booster pump of steam pump and automatic operation of the turning
gear of BFP turbine;
7.2.3.5.3 If necessary, boiler water supply should be controlled by low-load water supply
governing valve rather than main water supply pipeline. Auxiliary steam system should be used
89
for steam supply for air pre-heater soot blowing;

7.2.3.5.4 Contact the chemical department and ensure boiler water treatment is conducted
in AVT (ammonification, hydrazine) mode;
7.2.4 Load reducing to 0MW
7.2.4.1 The load should be reduced continuously, with the reducing speed of 10MW/min;
7.2.4.2 When the unit load is reduced to 160MW, high-pressure by-passes should be input
gradually to reduce the load. High-pressure by-passes input pressure control mode. Check
whether bypass attemperating water and water curtain spray are input automatically and keep
main steam pressure at 8.4 MPa;
7.2.4.3 Reduce the output of coal pulverizing system F gradually, shut down coal
pulverizing system F, make the coal feeder empty, shut down the coal mill after the coal
powders are completely extracted, and then reduce the output of coal pulverizing system A
gradually, so as to reduce the load;
7.2.4.4 Ensure the switching of shaft seal steam source is normal, check and adjust shaft
seal steam temperature to make the shaft seal steam supply temperature match with the rotor
surface temperature, with the temperature difference not more than 121℃. Besides, shaft seal
steam superheat degree should not be less than 14℃ and steam pressure should be normal;
7.2.4.5 Check whether water level in the deaerator is switched to single impulse
automatically and pay attention to condensate flow and water level in condenser and deaerator;
7.2.4.6 When the water supply flow is reduced to 436.4t/h, give up the automatic mode of
water supply pump and water supply pipeline should go through bypass; besides, water supply
bypass regulating valve should be used to maintain the flow unchanged;
7.2.4.7 When water is visible in the water storage tank of the start-up separator, check main
steam pressure and ensure it is reduced to 8.4Mpa; otherwise, reduction of fuel should be
stopped and steam turbine regulating valve should be turned up properly for pressure reducing.
If necessary, fuel should be increased slightly, so as to prevent rise of water level in the water
storage tank;
7.2.4.8 When water is visible in the water storage tank of the start-up separator and main
steam pressure is lower than 8.4Mpa, open electric valve of drain condenser and attemperating
water valve of drain flash tank, higher than 12m, check whether 361 valve can be opened
automatically and operated normally, and close 361 valve / all valves of valve heating system;
7.2.4.9 When main steam pressure reaches 8.4MPa, check whether high / low pressure
by-pass can be opened automatically. Turbine inlet pressure should be kept at 8.4MPa and
operation should be under the constant pressure;
7.2.4.10 When the load is reduced to 132MW, check whether the drain valves at medium &
low pressure parts of the steam turbine can be opened normally;
7.2.4.11 When the load is reduced to 100MW, shut down #1, 2, 3 high-pressure heater;
7.2.4.12 Switch the steam source of deaerator to auxiliary steam and check whether the
deaerator can operate normally;
7.2.4.13 When the load is reduced to 99MW, check whether the spray water valve of low
pressure cylinder can be opened automatically and ensure the exhaust temperature of low
pressure cylinder is normal;
90
7.2.4.14 When the load is reduced to 66MW, check whether the drain valve at high pressure
part of the steam turbine can be opened normally and whether the upstream drain valve of
reheating main steam valve can be opened automatically. If not, they should be opened
manually. Stop operation of steam side of low-pressure heater and pay attention to the change of
water level;
7.2.4.15 Monitor the changes of turbine cylinder temperature, expansion difference,
cylinder expansion, axial displacement and vibration. If the limit values are exceeded, valves
should be closed and shutdown should be conducted immediately.
7.2.4.16 The following operations should be conducted when the load is reduced to 30MW
7.2.4.16.1 Report to the dispatching department and make preparations for generator
disconnection.
7.2.4.16.2 Start AC lubrication pump and check whether DC lubrication pump is under
linkage standby status.
7.2.4.16.3 When the load is reduced to 0MW, reduce the reactive power to 5MVar.
7.2.4.16.4 Close the electric valve at the inlet of coal feeder A manually; shut down the steam
turbine, send the signal - "main throttle valve is closed" and conduct shunt tripping of the
generator; the boiler continues running until "loss of flame" MFT action. Confirm coal mill A
and coal feeder A and two sets of primary fans trip; and guarantee shunt tripping of the seal fan.
7.2.5 Disconnection and shutdown

7.2.5.1 Check whether the unit load is reduced to zero and reactive load is close to zero;
7.2.5.2 Start AC lubrication pump of main equipment and standby pump for hydrogen seal
oil and check whether they can operate normally. Shut down the steam turbine after receiving
the order of the shift chief-operator;
7.2.5.3 Check whether the generator is disconnected, the rotate speed of the steam turbine
is lowered, and high / medium pressure main steam valve, regulating valve, electric steam
extraction valve, check valve and high pressure discharge check valve are closed.
7.2.5.4 Check whether 500kV disconnectors (7A1, 7AB1) at the outlet of
generator-transformer unit are disconnected.
7.2.5.5 Check whether excitation switch of the generator is in open position.
7.2.5.6 Disconnect 500kV isolating switch (7DSGT) at the outlet of generator-transformer
unit.
7.2.5.7 Shut down main transformer, high-voltage plant service transformer, high-voltage
desulfurization transformer and common transformer cooling device.
7.2.5.8 Set 6kV plant power supply of section A and B in test position and disconnect the
operation control power supply.
7.2.5.9 Pull out incoming PT of 6kV plant power supply of section A and B and disconnect
PT secondary switch.
7.2.5.10 Set desulfurization and common power feeder and incoming switch in test position
and disconnect the operation control power supply.
7.2.5.11 Disconnect incoming PT of desulfurization and common working power switch
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and PT secondary switch.

7.2.5.12 Disconnect 500kV disconnectors (7A1, 7AB1) at the outlet of
generator-transformer unit and all control and operational power supplies in control cubicle.
7.2.5.13 Disconnect the control power supply of the excitation system.
7.2.5.14 Shut down hydrogen cooler and hydrogen moisture removal device.
7.2.5.15 The generator should be overhauled after shutdown, so 22KV 1PT, 2PT, 3PT
trolley of generator-transformer unit as well as arrester should be out of service.
7.2.6 Boiler shutdown

7.2.6.1 Shut down all start-up oil guns and ignition oil guns one by one;
7.2.6.2 Check whether MFT automatic action is normal and open all drain valves of the
reheater system after boiler MFT;
7.2.6.3 Make sure furnace air volume is over 30% and ventilate and purge the furnace for at
least 10 minutes;
7.2.6.4 After furnace ventilation and purging, shut down the air blower and the induced
draft fan and close all air & smoke dampers according to the demand;
7.2.6.5 Shut down the electric pump after the water in the water storage tank of the boiler is
in a high level;
7.2.6.6 Close relevant dosing and sampling valves according to the demand;
7.2.6.7 Lift the sector plate and shut down the sealing device of the air pre-heater;
7.2.6.8 Reduce the pressure of the start-up separator to 0.6~0.8Mpa and open all drain
valves of the water wall and the superheater system for drainage under pressure;
7.2.6.9 Reduce the pressure of the start-up separator to 0.3Mpa and open all air valves of
the superheater system;
7.2.6.10 After the furnace is out of service for 6~8 hours, smoke damper can be opened for
natural ventilation and cooling as per the conditions;
7.2.6.11 When furnace outlet temperature is reduced to less than 150℃, fire detector
cooling fan can be shut down;
7.2.6.12 When the fume temperature at air pre-heater inlet is reduced to 100℃, shut down
the air pre-heater.
7.2.7 Coasting operation of the steam turbine
7.2.7.1 Shut down EH oil system of main equipment;
7.2.7.2 When the rotate speed is reduced to 2600rpm, check whether the exhaust
temperature of low pressure cylinder is normal;
7.2.7.3 Shut down vacuum pump after high / low pressure by-pass and 361 valve are
closed;
7.2.7.4 When the rotate speed is reduced to 600rpm, check whether interlocked start-up of
jacking oil pump is available and ensure jacking oil pressure is 10~12MPa; also, check whether
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the injection solenoid valve of turning gear is opened and ensure oil injection pressure is
normal;
7.2.7.5 Check whether the drain valve of main steam pipe is closed. When the rotate speed
is reduced to 300rpm, open the vacuum breaking valve;
7.2.7.6 Conduct close monitoring for the vibration and temperature of all bearings during
coasting operation of the steam turbine;
7.2.7.7 When the rotate speed is reduced to zero, check whether the turning gear is put into
operation automatically after meshing and conduct in-situ inspection to see whether the sounds
of dynamic & static parts of the unit are normal. Record coasting operation time, rotor
eccentricity & shaking degree and current & swing value of turning gear. When the current of
the turning gear is very high and abnormal noise exists in the turning gear, find out the reasons
and get them reported timely;
7.2.7.8 When vacuum volume is zero, the shaft seal should be out of service;
7.2.7.9 Open the drain valve of the reheater and reduce the pressure of the reheater;
7.2.7.10 Make sure there is no auxiliary steam user and shut down auxiliary steam header;
7.2.7.11 Adjust the outlet valve of oil cooler and keep lubricating oil temperature at
30~40℃;
7.2.7.12 Turn down or close the outlet valve of internal cooling water cooler as per the water
inlet temperature of the generator and shut down internal cooling water pump as per the
conditions;
7.2.7.13 Shut down hydrogen cooler timely to prevent the generator from dew formation
due to too low hydrogen temperature;
7.2.7.14 When the exhaust temperature is lower than 50℃, according to circulating water
main pressure, one set of circulation pump can be shut down if necessary;
7.2.7.15 Shut down condenser pump if the following conditions can be met:
7.2.7.15.1 If the exhaust temperature of low pressure cylinder and the temperature when
drain flash tank of the steam turbine has no water injection are lower than 40℃, there should be
no steam entering into the condenser;
7.2.7.15.2 Condensate system has been shut down.
7.2.7.16 When the metal temperature at the governing stage of the inner upper wall of high
pressure cylinder is lower than 150℃, check whether the eccentricity and shaking degree of the
unit are normal and shut down the turning gear of main equipment and jacking oil pump;
7.2.7.17 When the metal temperature at the governing stage of the inner upper wall of high
pressure cylinder is lower than 140℃, stop oil circulation of main equipment;
7.2.7.18 After shutdown, monitor and record key parameters till the next hot start-up of the
unit is conducted or the temperature of the inner upper wall of high pressure cylinder is lower
than 150℃; besides, reliable isolation measures should be taken to prevent cold steam and
water entering into the steam turbine.
7.2.8 Rapid cooling after furnace shutdown
7.2.8.1 Rapid cooling can be conducted only when the furnace is shut down for repair due
to defects found on the boiler proper and relevant pipelines;
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7.2.8.2 Condenser vacuum and deaerator heating should be maintained after tripping of the
steam turbine;
7.2.8.3 After boiler fire extinction, start the electric pump, adjust feed water flow to about
150t/h, control the medium before start-up separator and ensure the metal cooling rate is not
more than 2℃/min and metal temperature deviation should not be more than 50℃. As heating
surface metal temperature is reduced, feed water flow should be increased gradually until feed
water flow reaches 400t/h;
7.2.8.4 Keep the opening of high / low pressure by-pass at 10~20% and reduce boiler main
steam pressure and reheat steam pressure, with the pressure reducing speed not more than
0.3MPa/min;
7.2.8.5 When main steam pressure is reduced to less than 0.2MPa, close high / low
pressure by-pass valves;
7.2.8.6 When the metal temperature of start-up separator reaches 180℃, start induced draft
fan and forced draft fan to conduct ventilation and cooling for the furnace;
7.2.8.7 When the temperature at the inlet of start-up separator is close to the feed water
temperature, shut down the electric pump;
7.2.8.8 Stop deaerator heating; the vacuum of main equipment should be destroyed; and
the shaft seal should be out of service when it is vacuumed to zero;
7.2.9 Sliding-parameter shutdown of the unit and precautions after shutdown
7.2.9.1 For sliding-parameter shutdown of the unit, the temperature and pressure of main
steam and reheat steam should be controlled as per the cold start-up curves of the unit;
7.2.9.2 Main / reheat steam temperature reducing speed: <2℃/min, Main / reheat steam
pressure reducing speed: <0.1 MPa/min, change rate of governing-stage steam temperature:
<1.7 ℃/min;
7.2.9.3 When active load of the unit is reduced, it is required to adjust excitation
accordingly and keep the terminal voltage normal;
7.2.9.4 For disconnection under normal condition, close main steam valve first. Thermal
protection action guarantees disconnection between the generator and the system;
7.2.9.5 During shutdown, close monitoring should be conducted for main & reheat steam
parameters and the deviation, especially the superheat degree of main steam. If it is less than
56℃, shutdown should be conducted immediately;
7.2.9.6 Close monitoring should be conducted for the temperature difference between the
upper part and the lower part of the cylinder, the exhaust temperature of low pressure cylinder,
rotor eccentricity, vibration of all bearings, expansion difference, bearing metal temperature
and other parameters. If the limits are exceeded, the steam turbine should be shut down
immediately;
7.2.9.7 During boiler oil burning, check and adjust the parameters of fuel system and
ensure they are normal; oil gun atomization should be in a good condition; stable burning
should be guaranteed; and air pre-heater should be put into operation for continuous soot
blowing. Besides, close monitoring should be conducted for the fume temperature and heated
wall temperature;
7.2.9.8 Coal mill and oil burner should be completely purged after shut down;
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7.2.9.9 If the turning gear of the steam turbine can not be put into operation for some
reasons, manual turning gear should be adopted immediately; 180°turning of rotor should be
conducted every 15~20 minutes and measures should be taken to recover continuous operation;
7.2.9.10 If the turning gear trips during operation, commissioning should be conducted once
immediately. If it is unsuccessful and it is clear that this is caused due to too much resistance, it
means the rotor has been bent, and then regular 180°manual turning should be adopted. Forced
continuous turning is forbidden. Besides, as for drainage of high / medium pressure cylinder,
regular drainage should be applied;
7.2.9.11 During continuous turning, if obvious metal rubbing sound is found in the cylinder
and turning current varies sharply (not caused by failure of the turning gear), report them to
corresponding leader immediately, and stop continuous turning and switch to manual turning
for shaft straightening till the turning gear can be used again;
7.2.9.12 During operation of the turning gear, lubricating oil temperature should be 27~40℃,
sealing oil system of the generator should operate normally, and regular attention should be
paid to the sound of high / low pressure shaft seal;
7.2.9.13 After shutdown, attention should be paid to the changes of the temperature
difference between the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder, the temperature difference
between the upper part and the lower part of main & reheat steam pipelines and water level,
pressure & temperature of heater. If the temperature difference between the upper cylinder and
the lower cylinder rises greatly, causes of water intake and cold steam should be found out
immediately, water & steam sources should be cut off, and the water should be discharged;
7.2.9.14 When shutdown duration is less than 6 hours and restart is required, it is not
necessary to open the drain valve of main steam pipeline, and only drainage for 3~5min is
required before restart;
7.2.9.15 After condenser vacuum is destroyed, if main steam pressure is not less than 1MPa,
the drain valve of main steam pipe should not be opened;
7.2.9.16 After boiler flame-out, close monitoring should be conducted for fume temperature
at the inlet & outlet of air pre-heater. In case of re-burning phenomenon such as abnormal rising
of fume temperature and abnormal fluctuation of furnace pressure, fire fighting measures
should be taken immediately;
7.2.9.17 Close monitoring should be conducted for the temperature of each part of furnace,
flue and coal pulverizing system, so as to prevent spontaneous combustion of pulverized coal.
7.3 High-Parameter Hot Standby Shutdown

7.3.1 When the unit should be shut down for a short time due to various reasons,
high-parameter hot standby shutdown mode should be adopted. This mode differs from
sliding-parameter shutdown mode, as shown below:
7.3.1.1 The steam temperature should keep at the rated value as far as possible. If the value
still can not be kept after disconnection of attemperator, the temperature is allowed to drop
naturally, but it should not be less than 500℃;
7.3.1.2 During load reducing / shutdown, the pressure reducing speed should be less than
the speed in sliding-parameter shutdown mode. Besides, steam temperature should be taken
into consideration to guarantee enough superheat degree;
7.3.1.3 After boiler MFT, start electric pump to pump water to the high water level of
start-up separator and then conduct shutdown. Close all drain, exhaust, sampling and dosing
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valves tightly. After induced draft fan and forced draft fan are shut down, close all air & smoke
dampers immediately to seal the furnace;
7.3.1.4 All monitoring instruments, thermal protection devices, alarm signals, safety
valves and other safety monitoring devices should be in service or in standby status. Overhaul
and work, which may affect the standby status of the equipment, are not allowed, unless
approved by the shift chief-operator;
7.3.1.5 Refer to the part of sliding-parameter shutdown for other precautions and shutdown
operations.
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Chapter VIII Maintenance after Unit Shutdown

8.1 Maintenance after Boiler Shutdown
8.1.1 Boiler shutdown time T <60h
8.1.1.1 Adjust water supply PH value and ensure it is 9.4~9.5 before electric water supply
pump is shut down. The front heating surface of economizer and start-up separator should be
maintained properly;
8.1.1.2 Close high pressure by-pass and air valve and drain valve of the boiler for enclosed
maintenance after the superheater is shut down. Close low pressure by-pass after the reheater is
shut down; start the drain valve of reheat system for vacuum supply; close the drain valve
before vacuum is destroyed; and conduct dry maintenance for the reheater.
8.1.2 Boiler shutdown time 60h ≤ T ≤ 2 weeks
8.1.2.1 Adjust water supply PH value and ensure it is 9.4~9.5 before electric water supply
pump is shut down. The front heating surface of economizer and start-up separator should be
maintained properly;
8.1.2.2 After main steam pressure is lower than 0.06MPa, nitrogen filling and enclosed
maintenance should be conducted for the superheater system, with the nitrogen filling pressure
of 0.03~0.06MPa. Close low pressure by-pass after the reheater is shut down; start the drain
valve of reheat system for vacuum supply; close the drain valve before vacuum is destroyed;
and conduct dry maintenance for the reheater.
8.1.3 Boiler shutdown time T ≥ 2 weeks
8.1.3.1 After nitrogen replacement, economizer, water wall and superheater should be
sealed; i.e., open drain valve of the boiler, close the exhaust valve, and open nitrogen filling
valve for furnace water replacement. After furnace water is completely discharged, close the
drain valve and the nitrogen filling valve for enclosed maintenance. During nitrogen
replacement, main steam pressure should not be more than 0.35MPa and nitrogen filling
pressure should be 0.03~0.06MPa;
8.1.3.2 Nitrogen filling and enclosed maintenance should be conducted for reheat steam
system after the reheat steam pressure is reduced to 0.06MPa.
8.2 Maintenance after Steam Turbine Shutdown

8.2.1 Open the hot well drain valve of condenser to completely discharge the water;
8.2.2 Isolate all steam water systems which may enter into the steam turbine;
8.2.3 Open all drain valves of the pipelines and the equipment body;
8.2.4 Conduct maintenance for high / low pressure heater.
8.2.4.1 During long-term shutdown of the unit, if there are no overhaul items for high / low
pressure heater, nitrogen filling for maintenance should be conducted for the steam side. Main
points are shown below:
8.2.4.1.1 Drainage and drying
1) The water at the steam side of each heater should be discharged. After that, dry
oil-free hot air (60~80℃) should be taken in via an air blower for 24-hour drying;
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2) After drying, use vacuum pump of main equipment or auxiliary vacuum pump to
vacuumize the steam side of the heater. Close all valves after it is vacuumed. During operation,
the internal temperature of heater should not be lower than 18℃;
3) Install a vacuum gauge where vacuum supply is conducted. When 1~20mmHg
vacuum is established at the steam side, stop vacuuming, and ensure vacuum is stable and keep
it for over 30 minutes;
4) Start nitrogen filling, with the nitrogen filling pressure P＝0.0045 T＋0.21 (P-bar,
environment temperature T-K).
8.2.4.1.2 Precautions
1) The oxygen content of N2 charged should not be more than 1％;
2) After nitrogen filling, keep records and hang warning sign.
8.2.4.1.3 After shutdown of the unit, if there are no overhaul items for high / low pressure
heater, diamine solution is allowed for maintenance of the water side. The concentration of
diamine solution should be determined as per the unit shutdown time (50ppm×weeks).
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Chapter IX Accident Handling

9.1 Principles for Handling Accidents
9.1.1 Guide rule for handling accidents
9.1.1.1 In case of accident, the principle - "guarantee personal safety, protect main
equipment, protect power grid" should be followed in handling the accident;
9.1.1.2 Key points in handling accidents:
9.1.1.2.1 Determine accident occurrence part and accident property as per instrument
display and equipment abnormalities;
9.1.1.2.2 Conduct quick accident handling, eliminate the risks for personal safety, power
grid and equipment and prevent accident spreading;
9.1.1.2.3 Take measures to ensure plant power system can operate normally;
9.1.1.2.4 For equipment involved in the accident, conduct disconnection and shutdown, if
necessary, so as to ensure the equipment not involved in the accident can operate normally;
9.1.1.2.5 Find out the causes quickly to eliminate the accident.
9.1.1.3 As the commander for handling accidents, the shift chief-operator should organize
all personnel to handle the accident;
9.1.1.4 Operation personnel should strictly follow the commands of the shift chief-operator
when handling an accident. However, as for commands which will obviously affect personal
safety or equipment safety, they can point them out and reject to follow them. When accepting a
command, the operating personnel should repeat the command;
9.1.1.5 In case of accidents, operation personnel should stick to their own post to ensure the
equipment which they should be responsible for can operate safely. Besides, the personnel in
different posts should cooperate. Irrelevant personnel should be away from the accident scene
and assist personnel should not conduct any operation without permission; instead, they should
assist to handle the accident under the unified command;
9.1.1.6 In case of accidents which are not mentioned in the operating regulations, the
accidents should be handled timely as per relevant knowledge and experience, with the
principle of guaranteeing personal safety and equipment safety followed;
9.1.1.7 If an accident happens when shifting of duty is to be conducted, shifting of duty
should be stopped and the accident should be handled by the duty shifting personnel. Shifting of
duty can be conducted only after the accident is properly handled. If necessary, the duty shifting
personnel can ask the duty receiving personnel to assist to handle the accident;
9.1.1.8 When any accident occurs in the unit, relevant leaders and specialist engineers
should arrive at the accident scene as soon as possible to supervise accident handling and give
the operators on duty necessary guidance. However, the guidance should not deviate from the
commands of the shift chief-operator;
9.1.1.9 During accident handling, it is allowed not to use operation tickets, but relevant
regulations should be observed;
9.1.1.10 After accident handling, the operation personnel should keep detailed records on
accident occurrence time, process, phenomenon and measures, and collect complete relevant
data records for fault analysis.
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9.2 Electrical Accident Handling

9.2.1 System oscillation
9.2.1.1 Phenomena:
9.2.1.1.1 The indications of generator, circuit ampere meter, voltmeter and power meter
swing sharply, periodically;
9.2.1.1.2 Cycle counter of the generator swings in the rising or reducing direction;
9.2.1.1.3 Illuminations of the whole plant flicker;
9.2.1.1.4 Forced excitation operation of generator is found;
9.2.1.1.5 The generator makes roar which is consistent with swing frequency of the meter.
9.2.1.2 Disposals:
9.2.1.2.1 Increase reactive power of the generator and system voltage immediately without
the command of dispatcher, and monitor generator stator current and rotor current as per
emergency overload regulations (excitation should not be adjusted when AVR is in "automatic"
mode);
9.2.1.2.2 When the frequency rises, reduce active power of the generator immediately
without the command of dispatcher, but the frequency should not be less than 49.9Hz;
9.2.1.2.3 When the frequency drops, increase active load of the generator, but overload is
not allowed and the frequency should not be more than 50.1Hz;
9.2.1.2.4 If electric network oscillation is caused due to generator field loss, excitation
should be recovered within the allowable field loss time; otherwise, the unit should be
disconnected without the command of dispatcher;
9.2.1.2.5 If operations above are conducted and oscillation still does not disappear within
three minutes, report it to the dispatcher immediately and wait for commands;
9.2.1.2.6 During system oscillation, switching operation for the system should be stopped
and attention should be paid for safety of plant power;
9.2.1.2.7 Active load and reactive load of the generator should be adjusted immediately
after system oscillation is eliminated to make the system operate normally; besides, the
operators on duty should conduct complete inspection for the operating condition of auxiliary
equipment.
9.2.2 Abnormal system voltage
9.2.2.1 Phenomena:
9.2.2.1.1 System voltage is lower than the normal value;
9.2.2.1.2 Low alarm of system voltage is found.
9.2.2.2 Disposals:
9.2.2.2.1 Increase excitation current immediately to recover system voltage, but overcurrent
of rotor is not allowed;
9.2.2.2.2 Reduce active power of the generator if necessary, so as to prevent too high
current of stator and rotor;
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9.2.2.2.3 If the voltage is too low and overload & tripping of the generator are caused
thereby, conduct emergency shutdown.
9.2.2.2.4 Monitor the voltage of plant power system.
9.2.3 Abnormal system cycle
9.2.3.1 Phenomena:
9.2.3.1.1 The indicated value of cycle counter rises or declines;
9.2.3.1.2 The rotate speed of steam turbine is increased or reduced;
9.2.3.1.3 Corresponding change of the unit load is found;
9.2.3.1.4 Abnormal vibration and sound of the unit are found.
9.2.3.2 Disposals:
9.2.3.2.1 When the cycle is lower than 49.8Hz, increase active output of the generator
immediately without the command of dispatcher;
9.2.3.2.2 When the cycle is higher than 50.5Hz, reduce active output of the generator
immediately without the command of dispatcher;
9.2.3.2.3 Pay close attention to the change of cycle and ensure it is within the limit value;
1) When the cycle is 48.5~51.5Hz, operation for a long time is allowed;
2) When the cycle is 47.5~48.5Hz, 3-minute operation is allowed before shutdown;
3) When the cycle is 47~47.5Hz, 1-minute operation is allowed before shutdown;
4) When the cycle is lower than 47Hz or higher than 51.5Hz, shutdown should be
conducted immediately.
9.2.3.2.4 When the cycle changes, close monitoring should be conducted for steam
parameter of the unit, axial displacement, vibration, bearing temperature, lubricating oil
pressure and others and ensure they do not exceed the limit values. Otherwise, corresponding
handling should be conducted;
9.2.3.2.5 When the cycle declines, close monitoring should be conducted for the pressure of
the monitored section of the unit and main steam flow and ensure they do not exceed the limit
values;
9.2.3.2.6 When the cycle declines, close monitoring should be conducted for the operating
condition of auxiliary equipment. If the output of auxiliary equipment is not sufficient and
overheating phenomenon is found on the motor, standby auxiliary equipment can be started as
per the conditions;
9.2.3.2.7 During low-cycle operation, in case of overcurrent or overexcitation of the stator,
the operation of the unit should be controlled as per the allowable shortest operation time.
9.2.4 Failure of complete plant power (electrical operation personnel are responsible for
accident handling)
9.2.4.1 Phenomena:
9.2.4.1.1 AC illumination is off; emergency illumination is on; and light indicator gives an
alarm;
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9.2.4.1.2 Boiler MFT, steam turbine tripping, and generator disconnection and field
extinction are caused;
9.2.4.1.3 Plant power bus voltage declines to zero, AC motor stops running, and current
declines to 0.
9.2.4.2 Causes:
9.2.4.2.1 Tripping or voltage loss of two 500KV circuits is caused;
9.2.4.2.2 Main transformer trips and standby power of 6KV bus can not be put into service
automatically.
9.2.4.3 Disposals:
9.2.4.3.1 Make sure generator disconnection and field extinction are conducted, the rotate
speed of steam turbine declines, and high pressure main steam valve, high pressure regulating
valve, medium pressure main steam valve, medium pressure regulating valve, high pressure
discharge check valve and steam extraction check valve are closed;
9.2.4.3.2 Check whether DC emergency oil pump of main equipment, DC emergency oil
pump of BFP turbine and air-side DC oil pump can be started automatically; if not, start them
manually;
9.2.4.3.3 Make sure boiler MFT acts, fuel supply is cut off, water supply pump trips, and
attemperating water stop valves and regulating valves of the superheater and the reheater are
closed;
9.2.4.3.4 Immediately check whether diesel generator can be started automatically; if not,
start it manually. Check whether the power supplies of 380V security MCC sections are normal,
start corresponding security load, and shut down all DC oil pumps;
9.2.4.3.5 Make sure DC system and UPS can operate normally;
9.2.4.3.6 If automatic operation of standby 6KV bus can not be realized, standby power is
normal, and there are no "quick break within specified time", "compound voltage over-current"
and "zero sequence over-current" protection actions, standby power should be provided
forcedly once under the condition that the working power switch is cut off. If it is unsuccessful,
standby power can not be provided again;
9.2.4.3.7 In case of 6KV busbar voltage loss, the vacuum should be destroyed immediately
for emergency shutdown;
9.2.4.3.8 After the plant power is off, all load switches, which have not tripped, on the 6KV
busbar, should be cut off manually and equipment interlocking should be removed;
9.2.4.3.9 Manually close the valves through which steam water may enter into the
condenser;
9.2.4.3.10 Switch the shaft seal steam source to auxiliary steam and switch to adjacent
equipment for auxiliary steam;
9.2.4.3.11 Check the operating condition of the air pre-heater and maintain the rotating state;
9.2.4.3.12 Seal the furnace after 15-minute natural ventilation is conducted for the boiler and
pay attention to the water level in the water storage tank of the separator;
9.2.4.3.13 During coasting operation of the unit, monitor lubricating oil pressure, oil
temperature and bearing metal temperature as well as return oil temperature;
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9.2.4.3.14 Inform the chemical personnel as soon as possible to shut down the dosing system
of the unit and shut down the sampling system;
9.2.4.3.15 Pay attention to instrument air pressure;
9.2.4.3.16 After plant power is recovered, in principle, the unit should be started as per hot
start-up procedures of the unit. Condensate pump should be started first, and then water spray
should be conducted for temperature reduction. When the exhaust temperature reaches 50℃,
provide circulating water gradually for the condenser.
9.2.5 Failure of partial plant power
9.2.5.1 Phenomena:
9.2.5.1.1 The busbar voltage is zero, and the load current of the busbar is also zero;
9.2.5.1.2 The equipment input under low voltage protection on the busbar trips;
9.2.5.1.3 After the operating equipment on the busbar trips, interlocked start-up of the
standby equipment is found;
9.2.5.2 Causes: working power of the plant power system trips for emergency and standby
power fails to operate automatically.
9.2.5.3 Disposals:
9.2.5.3.1 If automatic operation of standby 6KV bus can not be realized, standby power is
normal, and there are no "quick break within specified time", "compound voltage over-current"
and "zero sequence over-current" protection actions, standby power should be provided
forcedly once under the condition that the working power switch is cut off. If it is unsuccessful,
standby power can not be provided again;
9.2.5.3.2 If the unit does not trip and boiler fire is not extincted, oil should be provided
immediately for combustion; besides, check whether the unit RB action is normal.
9.2.5.3.3 If the unit has tripped, it should be handled as per the steps which are followed
when the unit is shut down manually;
9.2.5.3.4 Immediately start the standby equipment which fails to start automatically and
reset the switches of the equipment which has started automatically;
9.2.5.3.5 Manually disconnect the equipment which has not tripped, in the faulty section;
9.2.5.3.6 Find out the causes and recover the plant power as soon as possible.
9.2.5.3.7 The equipment on corresponding busbar trips. In case of RB action of the unit, the
heat engine should be treated as per RB; in case of boiler MFT, it should be treated as per MFT;
9.2.5.3.8 Check whether the equipment on the busbar has tripped; standby equipment
should be started in an interlocked way and exit from interlocking; besides, the unit should
operate stably;
9.2.5.3.9 After busbar voltage is recovered, recover the normal operation mode of the unit
and keep relevant records.
9.2.6 Failure of complete plant power (boiler part)
9.2.6.1 Indication
9.2.6.1.1 Accident alarm, boiler MFT;
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9.2.6.1.2 Operating illumination is off; emergency illumination is on; and the control room
becomes dark;
9.2.6.1.3 All AC motors for the boiler stop running; the standby AC motor fails in
interlocked operation; and all current indications are zero.
9.2.6.1.4 6KV busbar "low voltage" protection gives an alarm and low voltage protection
action trips at partial load;
9.2.6.1.5 380V security EMCC switches automatically.
9.2.6.2 Causes:
9.2.6.2.1 Generator-transformer unit tripping is caused due to defects of
generator-transformer unit or the system; besides, #2 high voltage start-up / standby
transformer is in shutdown state or switching of the standby power of 6KV busbar is
unsuccessful;
9.2.6.2.2 Power for 6KV system is supplied by standby transformer and #2 high voltage
start-up / standby transformer trips;
9.2.6.2.3 The system breaks down; besides, 500KV system voltage loss is caused.
9.2.6.3 In case of failure of complete plant power, the personnel in boiler field should: (the
personnel for site disposal should carry flashlights)
9.2.6.3.1 Check the protection action of all systems, and determine the fault causes quickly
and isolate the fault points;
9.2.6.3.2 Make sure generator-transformer unit outlet switch, de-excitation switch and the
steam turbine have tripped and boiler fire is extinguished;
9.2.6.3.3 Reset all trip switches and disconnect all switches of auxiliary equipment of the
boiler, which have not tripped. When the boiler is under overall interlocking condition, switch
off the induced draft fan first;
9.2.6.3.4 If the power supply of 500KV system is normal, it is found that there are no
"branch overcurrent", "zero sequence overcurrent" and "6KV busbar blocking switching"
signals and 6KV plant bus power switch is disconnected, forced energization should be
conducted once via the standby power switch. If forced energization is successful, after 6KV
power supply is recovered, recover the operation of plant power system gradually and carry out
re-start as per extremely hot start-up mode. Otherwise, forced energization should not be
conducted again;
9.2.6.3.5 If standby power supply is abnormal or forced energization is unsuccessful,
immediately check whether diesel generator can start automatically; otherwise, make sure the
working & standby power incoming switches in section A and B of security EMCCA have
tripped; conduct "emergency start-up of diesel" remotely or locally; check whether diesel
generator outlet switch and security power incoming switches in section A and B of 400V
security MCC are connected normally, whether each security MCC power supply is normal and
whether security loads can be started in batches normally; and carry out in-situ inspection to see
whether the diesel can operate normally and the oil level in fuel tank is normal;
9.2.6.3.6 Operation should be conducted only after diesel generator is started successfully
and the power supply in security section is normal
1) Start auxiliary motor of the air pre-heater; when it is normal, shut down the auxiliary
motor and start main motor. If the air pre-heater can not rotate normally, immediately set the
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sector plate of the gap adjustment device of air pre-heater to the highest position and check
whether it can rotate normally; if not, continue turning the air pre-heater manually and
immediately inform maintenance personnel to repair it;
2) Start one set of flame detection probe cooling fan and arrive at the site to check
whether the equipment can operate normally;
3) Start axial air cooler and hydraulic cylinder air cooler of the induced draft fan;
4) If the unit is ready for start-up, start forced draft fan, primary air fan and lubrication
pump of the coal mill;
9.2.6.3.7 If the diesel generator can not start automatically all the time, immediately start
pneumatic motor for turning of the air pre-heater (locally confirm the air pre-heater has rotated);
when the steam source pressure is too low and pneumatic motor can not operate normally
thereby, turning should be conducted manually. Besides, maintenance personnel should be
informed as soon as possible to eliminate the fault and recover the power supply for security
section;
9.2.6.3.8 Make sure oil supply valves of oil guns of the boiler and fuel fast valves, as well as
attemperating water regulating valves and isolating valves of the superheater and the reheater
are closed;
9.2.6.3.9 In case of low instrument air pressure, report it to the shift chief-operator and
inform the steam turbine professionals. In case of instrument air pressure loss, handle it as per
corresponding chapter on control air source pressure loss;
9.2.6.3.10 Report it to dispatcher and superior leaders and inform peripheral posts;
9.2.6.3.11 Operations after recovery of plant power
1) Start compressed air system, and push in flame TV camera after the pressure of
instrument air mains is normal;
2) Start the electric pump to pump water into the boiler, start induced draft fan and
forced draft fan, and purge the furnace;
3) If the shift chief-operator gives a command to start the unit, all systems should be
recovered gradually as per extremely hot start-up mode.
9.3 Boiler Accident Handling

9.3.1 Boiler shutdown for accident and fault
9.3.1.1 出 MFT acts in case of any of the following situations
9.3.1.1.1 Manual MFT
9.3.1.1.2 High main steam pressure
9.3.1.1.3 High II value of furnace pressure
9.3.1.1.4 Low II value of furnace pressure
9.3.1.1.5 Low II value of furnace air volume
9.3.1.1.6 Low II value of main feedwater flow
9.3.1.1.7 Shutdown of both two air preheaters
9.3.1.1.8 Tripping of two induced draft fans
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9.3.1.1.9 Tripping of two forced draft fans

9.3.1.1.10 Tripping of two primary air fans
9.3.1.1.11 Loss of flame detection cooling air
9.3.1.1.12 Tripping of all feed pumps
9.3.1.1.13 Steam turbine tripping
9.3.1.1.14 Whole boiler flame failure
9.3.1.1.15 Loss of all fuel
9.3.1.1.16 Loss of protection for reheater
9.3.1.1.17 FSSS power loss
9.3.1.2 Conduct manual MFT for boiler emergency shutdown in case of any of the
following situations
9.3.1.2.1 MFT fails to act when it is required;
9.3.1.2.2 Water supply & steam pipelines are broken, and normal operation can not be
maintained or personal and equipment safety may be affected;
9.3.1.2.3 Pipelines of economizer and water wall burst and normal operation can not be
maintained;
9.3.1.2.4 Pipelines of superheater and reheater burst violently and steam temperature and
pressure can not be maintained;
9.3.1.2.5 Boiler pressure rises sharply; high / low pressure by-pass and all safety valves do
not function; there are no pressure relief methods and boiler overpressure is caused thereby;
9.3.1.2.6 Deflagration phenomenon is found in furnace flue, and main equipment is
damaged or reburning phenomenon is found in the rear flue, with the exhaust gas temperature
higher than 250℃;
9.3.1.2.7 Boiler fire is extinguished;
9.3.1.2.8 The power supply of thermal control instrument of the boiler is cut off, and main
operation parameters of the boiler can not be monitored and adjusted thereby;
9.3.1.2.9 Reheat steam is cut off.
9.3.1.3 Ask the shift chief-operator's permission for boiler fault shutdown in case of any of
the following situations
9.3.1.3.1 Leakage on pressure-containing members in the boiler is caused due to various
factors and the fault can not be eliminated during operation;
9.3.1.3.2 The quality of boiler water and steam is severely deteriorated, and no effects are
obtained after it is handled in many ways;
9.3.1.3.3 Severe coking and dust clogging are found in the boiler and normal operation can
not be maintained.
9.3.1.3.4 Power supply for two electric precipitators is cut off, which can not be recovered
in a short time;
9.3.1.3.5 Safety valves can be opened but can not be closed;
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9.3.1.3.6 Severe over-temperature is found on the heating surface of the boiler and no
effects are obtained after it is handled in many ways;
9.3.1.3.7 Severe leakage is found on the fuel system and normal oil supply can not be
guaranteed or oil fire danger may be caused;
9.3.1.3.8 Oil angle solenoid valve has defects and can not operate normally.
9.3.1.4 Handling after boiler MFT:
9.3.1.4.1 Check whether coal mill, coal feeder, primary air fan, seal fan and water supply
pump trip, whether start-up oil & ignition oil rapid cut-off valves are closed, whether level-I &
level-II attemperating water pneumatic main valve of the superheater is closed, and whether
emergency attemperating water pneumatic main valve of the reheater is closed. Otherwise, the
equipment and valves above should be shut down / closed manually;
9.3.1.4.2 Check whether the interlocking of other equipment interlocked with FSSS is
normal; otherwise, intervene manually;
9.3.1.4.3 Check whether automatic tracking of the negative pressure in the furnace is
normal; if not, give up the automatic mode and carry out manual adjustment, so as to prevent
tripping of forced draft fan and induced draft fan due to excess negative pressure in the furnace;
9.3.1.4.4 If main steam pressure of the boiler reaches 27MPa and PCV valve does not
operate, manually open PCV valve immediately for pressure relief;
9.3.1.4.5 In case of MFT for boiler shutdown not conducted by the operator, the causes of
MFT action should be found out as soon as possible. Confirm whether the boiler can be
re-started. If not, it should be shut down; if the boiler can be re-started, open high / low pressure
by-pass for boiler pressure relief and recover the operation of relevant equipment as soon as
possible. Make sure furnace purging conditions can be met and conduct furnace purging. The
unit should be re-started as per extremely hot start-up mode;
9.3.1.4.6 Monitor exhaust gas temperature of the boiler and hot air temperature so as to
prevent reburning of the rear heating surface.
9.3.2 Boiler RB
9.3.2.1 Under the boiler-turbine coordinated control mode or TF mode, the following
defects of auxiliary equipment (the actual load is more than the load for RB action) will cause
RB working condition:
9.3.2.1.1 Single forced draft fan and induced draft fan trip and the unit load is more than
350MW;
9.3.2.1.2 Coal mill trips and the unit load is more than the maximum allowable output of the
coal mill in operation;
9.3.2.1.3 One set of steam feed pump, primary air fan and air pre-heater trip and the unit
load is more than 300MW.
9.3.2.1.4 One set of circulation pump trips and the unit load is more than 300MW.
9.3.2.2 RB action phenomenon
9.3.2.2.1 Corresponding main auxiliary equipment trips and gives an alarm;
9.3.2.2.2 The unit load command is controlled by RB logic and the load declines
automatically. When the conditions can be met, send "unit RB action" signal and automatically
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switch from "boiler-turbine coordinated" control mode to "turbine follow" mode;

9.3.2.2.3 Audible and visual alarm is given for emergency and OIS displays RB causes;
9.3.2.2.4 The status indication of faulty tripped device flickers;
9.3.2.2.5 Part of the coal pulverizing system trips.
9.3.2.3 Unit RB control logic
9.3.2.3.1 If the unit load is less than 300MW and a fault alarm is given, there is no RB
action;
9.3.2.3.2 If the unit load is 300~600MW and any steam feed pump, primary air fan, air
pre-heater and circulation pump trip during operation, RB logic action:
1) Adjust the water supply volume as per the operating condition of the unit and ensure
the steam pump which does not trip can operate normally;
2) The unit gives RB signal and the unit is switched to the turbine follow mode for
control. Coal mill group stops running automatically in order. Master station of the boiler
forcedly reduces the load to 300MW;
9.3.2.3.3 When the unit load is more than 350MW, induced draft fan and forced draft fan at
any side trip during operation and RB logic action:
1) Main controller of boiler forcedly reduces the load to 350MW, and after release,
350MW is maintained via RB command for operation;
2) The unit gives RB action signal and "boiler-turbine coordinated" control mode is
automatically switched to the "turbine follow" mode;
3) Coal mill group stops running automatically in order.
9.3.2.3.4 When the unit is in the coordinated control mode, for different number of coal mill
tripping, RB setting is as follows:
1) When four sets of coal mills operate and the load is ≥510MW, the load is reduced to
510MW;
2) When three sets of coal mills operate and the load is ≥420MW, the load is reduced to
420MW;
3) When two sets of coal mills operate and the load is ≥330MW, the load is reduced to
330MW; (checked as per the quality of local coal)
9.3.2.4 RB accident handling:
9.3.2.4.1 When RB action is normal, if water supply pump or primary air fan has RB action,
reset RB when the unit load is reduced to 300MW; if forced draft fan or induced draft fan has
RB action, reset RB when the unit load is reduced to 350MW; if forced draft fan, induced draft
fan and water supply pump have RB action, coal mill E is shut down automatically and coal
mill C and coal mill D are respectively shut down every ten seconds. If primary air fan has RB
action, coal mill C and coal mill D are respectively shut down every two seconds after coal mill
E is shut down automatically. Coal mills should be shut down until there are only three sets of
coal mills;
9.3.2.4.2 During RB action, check whether the actions of the air valve and baffle of the
tripped auxiliary equipment are normal and whether micro-oil gun has been put into operation
and can operate normally; also, check and ensure air volume of the boiler and furnace pressure
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are normal;
9.3.2.4.3 During RB action, steam temperature and pressure should be normal; boiler
combustion should be adjusted to keep furnace pressure normal. Some oil guns can be shut
down gradually after boiler combustion is stable;
9.3.2.4.4 If RB fails to act normally, micro-oil should be provided immediately for
combustion, and several coal pulverizing systems should be shut down manually as per the
conditions, but there should be at least three sets of coal pulverizing systems in operation;
9.3.2.4.5 During this period, pay attention to the adjustment function of deaerator water
level and the water level and ensure they are normal;
9.3.2.4.6 The causes of RB action and tripping of auxiliary equipment should be found out
as soon as possible and normal operation can be recovered after the faults are eliminated;
9.3.2.4.7 After RB action is over and the operating condition is stable, the unit load should
be increased to the greatest extent as per the output of auxiliary equipment, and measures
should be taken to prevent a second RB action.
9.3.2.4.8 Remarks: when the tripped coal mill is started, there is much coal in the coal mill,
so it is necessary to confirm the ignition energy of the coal mill is satisfied and then send the
coal into the furnace gradually (open one outlet pneumatic valve of coal mill; after the
pulverized coal in the opened pipe is completely sent, open another one outlet pneumatic valve
till all pulverized coal is sent. During this period, close monitoring should be conducted for coal
mill outlet temperature, which should be controlled to be less than 70℃) , the coal pulverizing
system can be started only after the coal in the coal mill is completely sent, so as to prevent
deflagration of pulverized coal.
9.3.3 Economizer leakage
9.3.3.1 Phenomena:
9.3.3.1.1 Leak detecting device of furnace tube gives an alarm;
9.3.3.1.2 During in-situ inspection, the economizer may have leakage sound; in case of
severe leakage, smoke and steam may be discharged from the leaking part of economizer ash
hopper;
9.3.3.1.3 Dust clogging phenomenon may be found in economizer, air pre-heater, ash
hopper of electric precipitator, bin pump and ash conveying pipe; ash deposition may be found
in the air pre-heater; and electric precipitator may not operate normally;
9.3.3.1.4 Feedwater flow is more than stream flow abnormally and the unit load is reduced;
9.3.3.1.5 Along steam flow direction, behind the leakage point, the temperature rises and
attemperation water regulating valve is opened wide abnormally; in case of severe leakage,
overtemperature of metal tube wall may be caused;
9.3.3.1.6 The moving blade of induced draft fan is turned up and the current is increased.
9.3.3.2 Causes:
9.3.3.2.1 Economizer tubes have defects; the welding quality is poor or the tubes are
damaged during manufacturing and installation;
9.3.3.2.2 Wear-proof cover of economizer is installed in an incorrect position or the tubes
are worn and thinned and broken finally due to severe abrasion and too long repair cycle;
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9.3.3.2.3 The quality of water supplied is unqualified for a long time and the tubes are
corroded and thinned and broken finally;
9.3.3.2.4 Reburning phenomenon is found in the economizer, and economizer tubes are
damaged due to overtemperature;
9.3.3.2.5 There is leakage at the adjacent pressure-bearing tube and economizer tube is
damaged thereby;
9.3.3.2.6 Soot blower is in an incorrect position; water is not completely discharged; or tube
wall is damaged due to too frequent soot blowing.
9.3.3.3 Disposals:
9.3.3.3.1 When leakage of the economizer is not severe and operation can be maintained,
pressure & load reducing measures should be taken and close monitoring should be conducted
for the temperature of all heating surfaces and the metal temperature of water wall; besides,
apply for blower shutdown;
9.3.3.3.2 Rails should be set at man hole and ash hopper of the economizer, with signs hung
there, so as to prevent personal injury due to eruption of steam water;
9.3.3.3.3 If there is severe leakage and operation can not be maintained or the temperature
of working medium behind shot point rises sharply, manual MFT should be conducted
immediately;
9.3.3.3.4 Close monitoring should be conducted for the operating condition of ash handling
system and air pre-heater and patrol inspection should be strengthened. If there is severe dust
clogging in the ash handling system and the air pre-heater and the electric precipitator can not
operate normally, ask permission for boiler shutdown;
9.3.3.3.5 After boiler shutdown, forced draft fan and induced draft fan should operate
continuously until no steam water erupts.
9.3.4 Superheater leakage
9.3.4.1 Phenomena:
9.3.4.1.2 During in-situ inspection, there may be leakage sound in the superheater;
9.3.4.1.3 The electric precipitator may not operate normally and there may be dust clogging
in the ash handling system and the air pre-heater;
9.3.4.1.4 Feedwater flow is more than stream flow abnormally and the unit load is reduced;
9.3.4.1.6 Along steam flow direction, behind the leakage point, the temperature rises or
attemperating water regulating valve is opened wide abnormally;
9.3.4.2 Causes:
9.3.4.2.1 Superheater tubes have defects; the welding quality is poor or the tubes are
damaged during manufacturing and installation;
9.3.4.2.2 Wear-proof cover of the superheater is installed in an incorrect position or the
tubes are worn and thinned and broken finally due to severe abrasion and too long repair cycle;
9.3.4.2.3 The steam quality is unqualified for a long time; there is salification and the tube is
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broken due to long time overtemperature;

9.3.4.2.4 The operation mode of coal pulverizing system is unreasonable, which causes
nonuniform thermal load in the furnace, or the design is unreasonable and some superheater
tubes are broken due to long time overtemperature;
9.3.4.2.5 There are foreign matters in superheater tubes, which causes low flow, and the
tubes are broken due to overtemperature;
9.3.4.2.6 Adjustment is unreasonable and water enters into the superheater thereby, or the
tube is broken in a short time due to severe overtemperature of the superheater;
9.3.4.2.7 Overpressure of the superheater or leakage of the adjacent pressure-bearing tube
causes the damage;
9.3.4.2.8 Soot blower of the superheater is in an incorrect position; water is not completely
discharged; or tube wall is damaged due to too frequent soot blowing.
9.3.4.3 Disposals:
9.3.4.3.1 If there is no severe leakage of the superheater and the temperature behind the
leakage point can guarantee normal operation, report the situation timely and operate the
superheater by reducing pressure and load. To prevent the leakage point damaging other tube
panels or the flow of adjacent tubes declining and overtemperature damage, the boiler should be
shut down as soon as possible;
9.3.4.3.2 If superheater tube is broken, the temperature behind the leakage point rises
sharply and can not guarantee normal operation, or metal temperature of adjacent tube severely
exceeds the allowable temperature, the boiler should be shut down immediately;
9.3.4.3.3 During operation, close monitoring should be conducted for the operating
condition of ash handling system and air pre-heater and patrol inspection should be
strengthened. If there is severe dust clogging in the ash handling system and the air pre-heater
and the electric precipitator can not operate normally, ask permission for boiler shutdown;
9.3.5 Reheater leakage
9.3.5.1 Phenomena:
9.3.5.1.2 During in-situ inspection, there may be leakage sound in the reheater;
9.3.5.1.3 The electric precipitator may not operate normally and there may be dust clogging
in the ash handling system and the air pre-heater;
9.3.5.1.5 The temperature behind the leakage point rises.
9.3.5.2 Causes:
9.3.5.2.1 Reheater tubes have defects; the welding quality is poor or the tubes are damaged
during manufacturing and installation;
9.3.5.2.2 Wear-proof cover of the reheater is installed in an incorrect position or the tubes
are worn and thinned and broken finally due to severe abrasion and too long repair cycle;
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9.3.5.2.3 The steam quality is unqualified for a long time; there is salification and the tube is
broken due to long time overtemperature;
9.3.5.2.4 Unreasonable operation mode of coal pulverizing system, or nonuniform thermal
load in the furnace, or unreasonable design and inconsistent ash deposition of tube panel cause
thermal deviation of reheater and some reheater tubes are broken due to long time
overtemperature;
9.3.5.2.5 There are foreign matters in reheater tubes, which causes low flow, and the tubes
are broken due to overtemperature;
9.3.5.2.6 Reheater tubes are broken because of long-term overtemperature operation of the
reheater;
9.3.5.2.7 Emergency attemperating water is used improperly and water enters into the
reheater thereby, or the tube is broken in a short time due to severe overtemperature of the
reheater;
9.3.5.2.8 When the boiler is started, the reheater is under the dry burning condition. The flue
gas temperature exceeds the allowable temperature of reheater tube and the damaged is caused
thereby;
9.3.5.2.9 Soot blower of the reheater is in an incorrect position; water is not completely
discharged; or tube wall is damaged due to too frequent soot blowing.
9.3.5.3 Disposals
9.3.5.3.1 If there is no severe leakage of the reheater and the temperature behind the leakage
point can guarantee normal operation, report the situation timely and operate the reheater by
reducing pressure and load. To prevent the leakage point damaging other tube panels, the boiler
should be shut down as soon as possible;
9.3.5.3.2 If reheater tube is broken, the temperature behind the leakage point rises sharply
and can not guarantee normal operation, or metal temperature of adjacent tube severely exceeds
the allowable temperature, the boiler should be shut down immediately;
9.3.5.3.3 During operation, close monitoring should be conducted for the operating
condition of ash handling system and air pre-heater and patrol inspection should be
strengthened. If there is severe dust clogging in the ash handling system and the air pre-heater
and the electric precipitator can not operate normally, ask permission for boiler shutdown;
9.3.6 Combustion in air pre-heater, recombustion in the rear flue
9.3.6.1 Phenomena:
9.3.6.1.1 Negative pressure in the air pre-heater and the rear flue fluctuates;
9.3.6.1.2 The outlet air temperature of air pre-heater and the exhaust gas temperature rise
abnormally and the oxygen content of flue gas declines abnormally;
9.3.6.1.3 Sparks or smokes are found at the flue door opening;
9.3.6.1.4 In case of secondary combustion in the air pre-heater, the current of the air
pre-heater will rise and fluctuate. If the situation is severe, the air pre-heater may even be
jammed;
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9.3.6.1.5 The oxygen content in the furnace is very low or reduced to zero.
9.3.6.2 Causes:
9.3.6.2.1 The boiler is not completely purged before start-up or after fire extinction;
9.3.6.2.2 During start-up and under a low load, the temperature in the furnace is too low or
excess air volume is insufficient, too much pulverized coal is introduced into the furnace or
pulverized coal is introduced prematurely, all of which will cause incomplete combustion; in
addition, flue gas velocity is low, fuels are deposited in the flue thereby;
9.3.6.2.3 During normal operation, too coarse pulverized coal, too poor coal quality,
unreasonable air distribution, oxygen-deficient combustion, air leakage at furnace bottom and
other reasons cause incomplete combustion;
9.3.6.2.4 The boiler is under long-term low-load operation; coal and oil burn in a mixed
way; and soot blowing for the air pre-heater is not conducted timely;
9.3.6.2.5 Oil gun has poor atomization and oil drips are adhered on the heating surface with
a large amount of pulverized coal which is not completely burnt;
9.3.6.2.6 Air leakage is found in the flue;
9.3.6.2.7 Soot blowing required is not conducted for the flue and the air pre-heater.
9.3.6.3 Disposals:
9.3.6.3.1 When the temperature of a certain part rises abnormally, immediately adjust
combustion and conduct soot blowing for the heating surface of corresponding part, so as to
lower flue gas temperature;
9.3.6.3.2 When it is confirmed that recombustion occurs in the economizer and the air
pre-heater, or exhaust gas temperature reaches 250℃, emergency shutdown of the boiler should
be conducted;
9.3.6.3.3 After boiler shutdown, induced draft fan and forced draft fan should be shut down
immediately and all air & flue gas dampers should be closed. Also, ventilation is forbidden;
9.3.6.3.4 Steam should be provided continuously for soot blowing. If fire extinction can not
be achieved, fire fighting water should be used;
9.3.6.3.5 If the fire is out of control and flue gas temperature rises continuously, water
supply pump should be started and high / low pressure by-pass should be opened to prevent the
pipe being damaged due to overheating;
9.3.6.3.6 After the fire is put out and flue gas temperature is reduced to a normal value, fire
fighting and soot blowing should be stopped, man hole should be opened gradually and induced
draft fan should be started for ventilation for 5~10 minutes after it is confirmed that there is no
fire source;
9.3.6.3.7 For the operations above, other operations should be in accordance with hot
standby boiler shutdown.
9.3.7 Abnormal main steam temperature
9.3.7.1 Phenomena
9.3.7.1.1 There is an abnormality alarm of main steam temperature;
9.3.7.1.2 The indicated value of temperature exceeds the limit value;
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9.3.7.1.3 The steam turbine will have water induction when the superheat degree is
insufficient due to too low temperature.
9.3.7.2 Causes
9.3.7.2.1 Failure of automatic adjustment for water supply or improper manual adjustment
of the operator causes unbalance of water-coal ratio (i.e., energy supply and demand is out of
balance);
9.3.7.2.2 Attemperating water does not work suddenly, the valve is stuck or valve leakage is
found after the attemperator is disconnected;
9.3.7.2.3 Switching of water supply pump is improper, or the water supply pump trips,
causing feed water flow changes greatly;
9.3.7.2.4 The valves of water supply system and attemperating water system are opened and
closed by mistake;
9.3.7.2.5 Failure of measuring points of the temperature of the intermediate point and main
steam temperature causes mis-adjustment;
9.3.7.2.6 Wide fluctuations of heat load in the furnace are caused by abrupt change of the
fuel characteristic, starting, stopping or tripping of the coal pulverizing system, too much/too
fast change on fuel supply manually to the main control system and RB action, etc. Although
the water supply governing valve works timely, making the water-coal ratio relatively stable,
the hysteresis of steam & flue gas side is different and the steam temperature exceeds the limit
thereby;
9.3.7.2.7 Secondary combustion is found in the flue;
9.3.7.2.8 Severe coking and dust clogging are found on the heating surface, or furnace air
volume is improper;
9.3.7.2.9 The water seal at the furnace bottom is damaged and a large amount of cold air
enters into the furnace;
9.3.7.2.10 There is leakage of the water wall and superheater or opening and returning of the
safety valve;
9.3.7.2.11 Start-up and shutdown of high-pressure heater make water supply temperature
and steam flow change greatly;
9.3.7.2.12 When it is started, 361 valve can not be adjusted automatically or stuck in a small
opening, causing leakage of the superheater;
9.3.7.3 Disposals
9.3.7.3.1 During normal operation, when adjusting combustion, water supply, air volume,
or other parameters, the operator should adopt a uniform method, with a vibrating adjustment
method forbidden. As for adjustment for relevant systems and relevant sections, contact and
coordination should be strengthened;
9.3.7.3.2 In case of abnormity alarm of steam temperature, judge whether the indication of
the measured point is correct as per comprehensive indication of meters. In case of failure of the
measured point, contact the thermal control personnel for treatment timely. If the measured
point affects adjustment for water supply and steam temperature, switch to the manual
adjustment mode of water supply or attemperating water;
9.3.7.3.3 If it is confirmed to be failure of adjustment for water supply, switch to the manual
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adjustment mode for water supply timely, conduct crude regulation for water supply flow as per
the water-coal ratio confirmed during normal operation and ensure the temperature of the
intermediate point is about 410 ℃ . After the steam temperature becomes normal,
commissioning of the automatic adjustment for water supply can be conducted. In case of
failure, contact relevant personnel timely for treatment;
9.3.7.3.4 In case of failure of automatic adjustment for attemperating water, switch to the
manual adjustment mode timely, ensure main steam temperature is at a rated value and contact
relevant personnel for treatment;
9.3.7.3.5 Check whether there are mis-operations of the valves of water supply and
attemperating water systems. If any, recover normal operation and find out the causes for
treatment;
9.3.7.3.6 When attemperating water is fully opened (closed) but the steam temperature still
can not maintain normal, the set value of the temperature of the intermediate point and the
furnace air volume can be reduced (increased) properly; besides, check coking and dust
clogging conditions on the heating surface and contact the manufacturer for soot blowing. If
necessary and relevant conditions (such as load) can be met, the number of coal pulverizing
system to be put into operation or output distribution can be changed;
9.3.7.3.7 If the water seal at the furnace bottom is damaged, it shall use a sufficient number
of ignition oil guns to stabilize the combustion, lower the blowing rate, maintain the boiler
furnace to operate at micro positive pressure , closely monitor it and control the main &
reheated steam temperatures. Meanwhile, contact the personnel for the auxiliary equipment to
step out some of the ignition oil guns according to the coal quality and heat load in the boiler
after the shutoff gate has been closed. Then, restore the original operation mode after the
shutoff gate at the water seal has been normally opened;
9.3.7.3.8 If the steam temperature is low due to severe inner leak of the valve when the
desuperheater is at the trip condition, it shall fasten the valve and make recordings before it is
permitted to be repaired by all conditions. The valve shall be manually loosen by a little if it is
needed to be restarted for rising the temperature so as to prevent the motor being damaged by
overload or unable to be started;
9.3.7.3.9 Water feeding should be enhanced, steam temperature should be adjusted and
monitored and manual intervening can be adopted when necessary when the water feed pump
trips, coal pulverizing system trips, RB operates, high-pressure feed water heater operates and
exits;
9.3.7.3.10 During the starting process of the unit, it shall enhance monitoring to the water
level of the water storage tank under the startup separator in order to prevent water entering the
superheater;
9.3.7.3.11 If the main steam temperature is abnormal due to leaks on the water wall and
superheater or by poping and reseating of the safety valve, leaks at relevant heating surfaces
should be treated;
9.3.7.3.12 If secondary combustion occurs in the flue, it should be treated as recombustion in
rear flue;
9.3.7.3.13 If the superheat degree of the steam is insufficient that causes water hammer for
the steam turbine or the superheated steam temperature drops by 50℃ in 10 min, the unit
should be shut down in an emergent way.
9.3.8 Temperature abnormity of reheated steam
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9.3.8.1 Phenomenon
9.3.8.1.1 Temperature abnormity alarm of reheated steam;
9.3.8.1.2 Out-of-limit for temperature indication of reheated steam;
9.3.8.1.3 The steam turbine will have water hammer when the superheat is insufficient due
to low temperature.
9.3.8.2 Causes
9.3.8.2.1 The temperature regulation flue gas baffle does not work suddenly, the pin of the
actuator breaks off, is stuck or does not work due to manual adjustment;
9.3.8.2.2 Severe leak on the water wall, superheater and reheater, operation and exit of the
high-pressure feed water heater, or poping and reseating of the safety valve will all cause great
changes of temperature distribution at the flue gas side and flow distribution at the steam side,
which will cause out-of-limit on change of the superheated steam temperature.
9.3.8.2.3 The blowing rate in the furnace is not proper or the water seal at the furnace
bottom is damaged;
9.3.8.2.4 Wide fluctuations of heat load in the furnace caused by abrupt change of the fuel
characteristic, starting, stopping or tripping of the coal pulverizing system, too much/too fast
change on fuel supply manually to the main control system and operation of RB etc.
9.3.8.2.5 Emergency desuperheating water is opened mistakenly or there is inner leak for
the valve;
9.3.8.2.6 Recombustion in the rear flue;
9.3.8.3 Handling
9.3.8.3.1 Judge its correctness based on the indications of all instruments and meters.
Contact the thermal control personnel for treatment in case of any mistake on the indication;
9.3.8.3.2 It shall enhance the adjustment and monitoring on the reheat steam temperature
when the coal quality changes, the high-pressure feed water heater operates/exits, the safety
valve pops/reseats and the coal pulverizing system starts/stops;
9.3.8.3.3 If the temperature is too high (too low), it can manually turn down (turn up) the
temperature regulation flue gas baffle at the reheater side, properly turn up (turn down) the
temperature regulation flue gas baffle at the superheater side. Besides, pay attention to the
opening at both sides and the pressure difference between the front and the rear. It is prohibited
to close the flue gas baffles at both sides simultaneously;
9.3.8.3.4 Contact relevant personnel timely for treatment, if the temperature regulation flue
gas baffle does not work suddenly, the pin of the actuator breaks off, is stuck or does not work;
9.3.8.3.5 The temperature of the reheat steam can be adjusted by changing the number of
the coal pulverizing system, the blowing rate or load of the unit when necessary;
9.3.8.3.6 Open the emergency desuperheating water timely and properly when the
temperature exceeds the upper limit;
9.3.8.3.7 If the temperature of the reheat steam is abnormal due to leak on the heating
surface or recombustion in the flue, it shall be properly controlled as per the above methods and
treated as per relevant procedures;
9.3.8.3.8 Emergency shutdown shall be conducted for the unit if the heat of the steam
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turbine has water hammer due to insufficient heat of reheated steam or the reheat steam
temperature drops by 50℃ in 10min.
9.3.9 The heating surface temperature of the boiler's steam and water exceeds the limit
9.3.9.1 Phenomenon
9.3.9.1.1 Alarm when the heating surface temperature of the boiler's steam and water
exceeds the limit;
9.3.9.1.2 Some measured points on the heating surface indicate that the temperature
exceeds the limit;
9.3.9.2 Causes
9.3.9.2.1 Insufficient drain before starting, or desuperheating water is used too early or too
much, water plug is formed in the vertically-arranged coiler;
9.3.9.2.2 The inspection & repair technology is not good enough or the desuperheater is
damaged, there are impurities in the pipe;
9.3.9.2.3 The unit has not been cleaned for a long time or not well cleaned, the water quality
is poor or the maintenance measures after shutdown are insufficient, which cause severe scaling
and salification in the pipe;
9.3.9.2.4 The heating surface is with severe coking;
9.3.9.2.5 The load of the unit is too high, the coal quality is too poor;
9.3.9.2.6 The fuel feeding speed is too high, the fuel is fed too much;
9.3.9.2.7 Water feeding and steam temperature regulation do not work, which causes the
temperature of water and steam on the heating surface to exceed the design value due to too
much coal and too little water;
9.3.9.2.8 Secondary combustion in the flue causes temperature of the heating surface in the
flue to exceed the limit;
9.3.9.2.9 The circulating flow is insufficient at the initial stage of starting, causing
overtemperature of the water wall;
9.3.9.2.10 Temperature of feed water is too low and cooling flow of the superheater is
insufficient at the initial stage of starting; the fuel is charged to fast and too much, flue gas
temperature at furnace outlet exceeds the stipulated value, causing overtemperature of the
overheater and the reheater.
9.3.9.3 Prevention and treatment
9.3.9.3.1 The heating surface should be fully dewatered before starting the boiler;
9.3.9.3.2 It shall build a sufficient circulating flow as required at the initial stage of starting
in order to ensure that the wall water is fully cooled;
9.3.9.3.3 The flue gas temperature at furnace outlet should not exceed 540℃ before the
unit is connected to the power grid, or the fuel should be reduced or the charging rate of fuel
should be slowed down;
9.3.9.3.4 When the unit is started at a cold state, the feed water temperature should be
gradually increased to a relatively high temperature after completion of washing/cleaning at the
cold state so that more steam can be generated with the same amount of fuel. Besides, both the
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high pressure bypass and the low pressure bypass should be operated before ignition in order to
ensure that the superheater and the reheater are fully cooled down;
9.3.9.3.5 At the initial stage of cold start, the temperature rise rate should be subject to the
temperature of the startup separator due to big impacts from the opening of both the high
pressure bypass and the low pressure bypass, feed water undersaturation and low cooling flow
rate of the superheater and reheater and its rate is lower than that at the later stage of starting and
during the normal operation process;
9.3.9.3.6 Improve the inspection & repair technology, enhance quality supervision,
regularly check if there is damage on the pipe of the desuperheater and prevent impurities on
the heating surface;
9.3.9.3.7 Enhance water quality supervision and treatment, improve and implement
shutdown maintenance measures, wash the heating surfaces as required and reduce scaling and
salification on the inner wall of the pipe;
9.3.9.3.8 Adjust combustion according to the change on coal quality. Regularly check and
eliminate air leak at the furnace and the flue in order to form a favorable air dynamic field in the
furnace, prevent or mitigate coking, make even heating at each heating surface and keep
reasonable temperature distribution;
9.3.9.3.9 Maintain a proper blowing rate, primary and secondary blowing rate and over-fire
air rate, regularly check the atomization and burning condition of the oil gun, prevent
recombustion in the flue;
9.3.9.3.10 Remove coking and ash regularly as required;
9.3.9.3.11 When charging the fuel manually, the charging rate should be controlled under a
small-amount, multi-time and staged basis. The next charging operation can be conducted after
the feed water adjustment has been properly made and stabilized in order to prevent severe
balance loss of coal-water ratio due to hysteresis of the automatic adjustment;
9.3.9.3.12 It should be switched into the manual adjustment mode in a timely fashion to
maintain a stable and proper coal-water ratio if the heating surface is over-temperature due to
emergency failure on feed water and steam temperature;
9.3.9.3.13 If the heating surface has overtemperature alarm, it should immediately find out
the temperature of relevant heating surface and confirm the correctness of the alarm;
9.3.9.3.14 After overtemperature on the heating surface has been confirmed, the unit load
and steam-water pass temperature can be lowered properly. Besides, the cause should be find
out and relevant treatment should be conducted by referring to the reasons for overtemperature
above based on the operation stage of the unit;
9.3.10 Safety valve fault
9.3.10.1 Phenomenon
9.3.10.1.1 The safety valve will refuse to operate when the steam pressure reaches or exceeds
the operation pressure of the safety valve;
9.3.10.1.2 The safety valve will have mal-operation when the steam pressure does not reach
the operation pressure of the safety valve;
9.3.10.1.3 The steam pressure drops below the reseating pressure after the safety valve pops,
but the safety valve still will not reseat or can not be fully closed after reseating.
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9.3.10.2 Causes
9.3.10.2.1 The technology on installation, inspection & repair is not good enough, calibration
is not correct;
9.3.10.2.2 Deformation, sticking and unsmoothness of the parts of the safety valve and
spring failure etc. during the operation process hinders flexible opening/closing and actions.
9.3.10.2.3 The valve element and the valve seat are stuck together or other parts are severely
rusted due to long-term closing;
9.3.10.2.4 The seal face is damaged by flushing due to frequent starting and closing;
9.3.10.2.5 There are impurities between the valve element and the valve seat, causing loose
binding.
9.3.10.3 Handling
9.3.10.3.1 Manually operate the safety valve (operate the PCV valve at first for the
superheater system) for mandatory poping and properly lower the thermal load when the safety
valve refuses to operate because the steam pressure reaches or exceeds the poping pressure of
the safety valve;
9.3.10.3.2 The front hand-operated valve of the PCV valve should be closed for the PCV
valve and inspection should be conducted locally for other safety valves, reseat it manually and
contact the maintenance personnel if it fails to reseat after poping of the safety valve and the
steam pressure has dropped below the reseating pressure;
9.3.10.3.3 The boiler should be immediately shut down when all the safety valves refuse to
operate without any access to pressure relief; the evaporation capacity of the boiler should be
controlled below the total air exhaust capacity of the remaining normal safety valves if some
safety valves have failures;
9.3.10.3.4 The boiler should be immediately shut down if it still fails to reseat by various
measures and parameters such as the steam temperature and steam pressure can not be
maintained after the poping of the safety valve and the steam pressure has returned to a level
below the reseating pressure;
9.3.10.3.5 Conditions permitted, safety valves with closing/opening failures should be
recalibrated;
9.3.10.3.6 Close attention should be paid to the steam temperature, steam pressure, unit load,
combustion condition in the boiler during the treatment process in order to prevent extension of
the accident.
9.3.11 Coking on the furnace, soot formed in the flue
9.3.11.1 Phenomenon
9.3.11.1.1 Coking can be seen from the observation hole of the furnace, the temperature in
the furnace rises;
9.3.11.1.2 The bottom ash hopper will look dim and ash amount will decrease if there are big
coking bulks suspending over the lagging hopper;
9.3.11.1.3 There is coking or bridging around the burner, which will disturb the air dynamic
field in the furnace and effect combustion. The coal powder jet will be blocked, the primary air
dynamic pressure drop of the powder pipe is low, the static pressure rises and flame check is
unsatisfying when coking or bridging becomes serious;
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9.3.11.1.4 Coking in the furnace rises the steam temperature and flue gas temperatures in all
parts;
9.3.11.1.5 When the convection pipe at the furnace outlet has clogging, the pressure in the
furnace rises or even becomes positive, while pressure at the back points drops and oxygen
content in the flue gas rises;
9.3.11.1.6 When each convection heating surface has fouling, the steam temperature will
drop and flue gas temperature will rise.
9.3.11.2 Causes
9.3.11.2.1 Coal ash has a low melting point, high sulphur content and the coal powder has a
high metal content
9.3.11.2.2 Over-capacity operation or oxygen-poor operation for a long time
9.3.11.2.3 The coal greatly deviates the designed type of coal while no relevant adjustment
has been made on air mixing to the burner, primary and secondary air speeds, primary and
secondary air rates are not properly proportioned
9.3.11.2.4 Oil gun has oil leak for a long time or has poor atomization, causing the
dust-containing oil drips adhered on the heating surface;
9.3.11.2.5 Deslagging equipment has failure with delayed slagging and coking removing,
which causes accumulation and expansion of slag and coking.
9.3.11.3 Handling
9.3.11.3.1 Remove coking and blow soot for the furnace and flue regularly as required;
9.3.11.3.2 Check the fuel oil system regularly, eliminate the defects such as oil leak of oil
gun and poor atomization;
9.3.11.3.3 When it has a coking tendency, the blowing capacity of the furnace should be
properly increased and air mixing to the burner should be properly adjusted according to the
quality of the coal being used. The load of the unit should be lowered when necessary;
9.3.11.3.4 When coking or fouling is too serious for further normal operation or safe
operation of the heating surface is affected, it shall make a timely application for stopping the
boiler to remove the coking and soot. Besides, adjust, repair and wash the heating surface
during the shutdown period of the boiler.
9.3.12 Fault of fuel system
9.3.12.1 Common faults
9.3.12.1.1 There is oil leak on the flange, valve charging room, connection part between the
oil gun and metal hose and the manometer joint of the fuel oil system;
9.3.12.1.2 There are fractures on weak points of the fuel oil pipe such as the elbow;
9.3.12.1.3 Oil angle solenoid valve can not be normally opened or closed, or it has internal
leak;
9.3.12.1.4 Oil gun has poor atomization;
9.3.12.1.5 Oil gun and ignition fail to advance or retreat properly;
9.3.12.1.6 Oil contains water, fuel oil pressure is low or lost pressure;
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9.3.12.1.7 Oil has a low temperature or is frozen, having flowing difficulty;

9.3.12.1.8 Hand-operated valve for steam purging of oil pipe can not be fully closed, steam
leaks into the oil pipe and causes overtemperature of the fuel oil;
9.3.12.1.9 Hand-operated valve for steam purging of oil pipe and purging check valve can
not be fully closed, which makes fuel oil leaks into the steam pipe.
9.3.12.2 Handling
9.3.12.2.1 The metal hose, valve and pipe flange etc. of the fuel oil system should be
provided with two times of patrol inspections at each workshift;
9.3.12.2.2 If the fuel oil system leaks oil to the outside, the leak point should be found out and
isolated. However, the isolation scope should be narrowed to the minimum, try to maintain
stable operation of the boiler and take necessary safety measures, enhance inspection to prevent
fire. Fire should be extinguished immediately once a fire alarm is given;
9.3.12.2.3 Each oil trip valve should be tested regularly to ensure correction operations and
tight closing;
9.3.12.2.4 If the oil angle valve has inner leak due to untight closing, it should be timely
isolated and the isolation scope should be narrowed to the minimum before contacting the
personnel for inspection and repair;
9.3.12.2.5 If the fuel oil pipe has fracture or is on fire, it fuel oil supplied to the boiler should
be cut off immediately and personnel should be organized for fire extinguishment; when it
poses a threat to people or equipment safety, the boiler should be shut down immediately. After
the failure has been eliminated, ask relevant department for instructions whether the boiler
should be started or not;
9.3.12.2.6 When the oil gun is operating, its conditions on ignition and atomization should be
inspected regularly on the spot. If it is found with poor atomization, it should stop using the oil
gun immediately and contact the personnel for inspection and repair;
9.3.12.2.7 Make regular propulsion tests for the oil gun and ignition gun on the 10th, 20th and
30th (the last day of February) of each month;
9.3.12.2.8 Inform the attendant of the oil depot to drain the water timely if the oil contains
water. Start the standby oil pump timely if the oil pressure is low or the fuel oil loses pressure
and contact the attendant of the oil pump room for inspection and treatment;
9.4 Treatment for accidents of steam turbine

9.4.1 Destruct the condenser vacuum and conduct emergency shutdown under the following
conditions
9.4.1.1 The rotation speed of the steam turbine exceeds that of the emergency governor
while the emergency governor refuses to operate;
9.4.1.2 Axial displacement exceeds the protection operation while no response on the
protection operation;
9.4.1.3 Steam turbine has water hammer or temperature of the main and reheated steam
drops by over 50℃ within 10min;
9.4.1.4 The unit has violent vibration suddenly, it has reached the protection operation
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value while no response on the protection operation, or there is obvious sound of metal bump
inside of the unit;
9.4.1.5 Blades of the steam turbine are broken;
9.4.1.6 Oil for any one bearing of the steam turbine is cut off or the metal temperature of
the thrust bearing reaches 107℃, metal temperature of the support bearing reaches 113℃;
9.4.1.7 When the bearing or end shaft seal has fire due to friction;
9.4.1.8 Lubricating oil pressure of the bearing drops to 0.06MPa while no response on the
protection operation;
9.4.1.9 Main oil tank's oil system has large oil leak and the oil level sharply drops below
the oil level line, which makes it incapable of maintaining the oil level in the tank;
9.4.1.10 Surrounding area of the unit or the oil system is on fire that can not be extinguished
timely and the fire has posed a severe threat to the safety of people or equipment;
9.4.1.11 Auxiliary power has been totally lost;
9.4.1.12 Circulating water is interrupted.
9.4.2 Shutdown due to failure should be conducted under the following conditions
9.4.2.1 Failure of the DEH system causes abnormity to the regulating system, which makes
it impossible to increase/decrease the load of the unit;
9.4.2.2 Differential expansion of the unit increases. It keeps increasing even though
adjustment has been made or it decreases to the limit value
9.4.2.3 Vacuum decreases, condenser pressure reaches 20.3KPa;
9.4.2.4 After load-dropping of the unit, it has operated for over 15min with auxiliary power
or in idle running;
9.4.2.5 Generator has operated for over 1min at the operation mode of motor;
9.4.2.6 Rotor's axial displacement increases to -1.0mm, +1.0mm, and it still has the
tendency for further increase;
9.4.2.7 Generator and excitation system are on fire;
9.4.2.8 When interruption time for cooling water in the stator of the generator reaches 30s
while water supply can not be restored, no response on the protection device or the outlet water
temperature of the generator rises to 85℃;
9.4.2.9 The system cycle reaches as high as 51.5Hz and as low as 47.5Hz.
9.4.2.10 Steam exhaust temperature of low-pressure cylinder is higher than 121℃;
9.4.2.11 Steam exhaust temperature of high-pressure cylinder is higher than 427℃ and it is
noneffective by taking measures;
9.4.2.12 Main steam valve at any one side is closed and can not be opened;
9.4.2.13 Temperature difference between main steam and reheated steam exceeds the limit
value by 42℃;
9.4.2.14 Bearing vibration exceeds by 0.03mm during the starting process of the unit and
before medium speed warming;
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9.4.2.15 Bearing vibration exceeds by 0.10mm or relative vibration to the shaft exceeds by
0.126mm during the starting process of the unit and when passing the critical rotation speed;
9.4.2.16 Bearing vibration is over 254µm in normal operation or bearing vibration suddenly
rises by 50µm;
9.4.2.17 Temperature difference between the upper cylinder and lower cylinder of the
high-pressure external cylinder exceeds 50 ℃ , temperature difference between the upper
cylinder and lower cylinder of the high-pressure internal cylinder exceeds 35℃;
9.4.2.18 Temperature of the main steam and reheated steam suddenly drops by 50℃
within 10min when the unit is under normal operation;
9.4.2.19 It refuses to operate when any one of the protection devices reaches the shutdown
value;
9.4.2.20 Main steam and reheated steam pipes fractured, causing large leaks;
9.4.2.21 Other main thermal system fractures and leaks, and it is impossible for isolation,
which causes direct hazards to the main equipment and people.
9.4.3 Treatment procedures for destructing the condenser vacuum and conducting emergency
shutdown
9.4.3.1 In the central control, press the "emergency shutdown" button or manually pull the
trip handle of the steam turbine and then confirm that the steam turbine has tripped and the
generator has stepped out; inspect and confirm the high and medium pressure main steam
valves, regulation valve, high-pressure discharge check valve and steam extraction valve are
closed and the rotation speed of the steam turbine has been lowered;
9.4.3.2 Start the condenser vacuum destruction valve;
9.4.3.3 Check if automatic inter-start of the main machine's lubricating oil pump can be
realized, or manually start it and stop the high-pressure sealing oil pump;
9.4.3.4 Check if the shaft seal's steam source can be automatically switched in a normal
way. Switch the shaft seal's steam source to the auxiliary steam for steam supply as well as
adjust the pressure of the shaft seal;
9.4.3.5 Check if the steam turbine proper and the main steam pipe, reheated steam pipe and
steam extraction pipe's drain valves are open, interstart the boiler with the MFT, check if FSSS
has a normal operation and check the rise of pressure of the boiler's main steam. The safety
valve will open after all conditions are met and pay attention to resetting of the safety valve;
9.4.3.6 Stop the vacuum system, close all drain valves from the main and reheated steam
pipes to the condenser. Confirm that the high and low bypasses are at a closed state;
9.4.3.7 Confirm that the separator has been started, drain water to the condenser and the
electric valve is closed. Pay attention to adjustment of valve 361, start the separator and the
water level is normal;
9.4.3.8 Close all drain valves from the steam turbine proper to the condenser, close all drain
valves in front of the steam extraction check valves at each section, provide the steam turbine
with cylinder holding, drain water for 5min in each hour;
9.4.3.9 Vacuum to 0, stop the shaft seal steam;
9.4.3.10 Rotation speed to 0, check if the turning can automatically start in a normal way.
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If automatic starting is unsuccessful, start it manually. If the turning can not be started, it needs
to monitor the bending of the eccentricity of the rotor and manually operate the turning by 180°
under a regular basis. Record the rotor's idling time, eccentricity, turning motor's current, swing
and cylinder temperature, etc.;
9.4.3.11 During the shutdown process, check if the unit's vibration, temperature of
lubricating oil, oil-hydrogen difference of sealing oil are normal;
9.4.3.12 Operation personnel should carefully listen to the internal sound in the unit on site.
It is prohibited to restart the unit if there is obvious metal clang inside;
9.4.3.13 The rest operations are the same with that of normal shutdown;
9.4.4 Treatment procedures for shutdown due to fault
9.4.4.1 Start the main equipment's lubricating oil pump and confirm that the oil pump
operates normally;
9.4.4.2 In the central control, press the "emergency shutdown" button or manually pull the
trip handle of the steam turbine and then confirm that the generator has stepped out and check
if the rotation speed of the steam turbine has been lowered; inspect and confirm the high and
medium pressure main steam valves, regulation valve, high-pressure discharge check valve and
steam extraction valve are closed;
9.4.4.3 Check if the shaft seal's steam source can be automatically switched in a normal
way. Switch the shaft seal's steam source to the auxiliary steam for steam supply as well as
adjust the pressure of the shaft seal;
9.4.4.4 Check if the steam turbine proper and the main steam pipe, reheated steam pipe and
steam extraction pipe's drain valves are open, interstart the boiler with the MFT, check if FSSS
has a normal operation and check the rise of pressure of the boiler's main steam. The safety
valve will open after all conditions are met and pay attention to resetting of the safety valve;
9.4.4.5 Stop the vacuum system, close all drain valves from the main steam pipe to the
condenser. Confirm that the high and low bypasses are at a closed state;
9.4.4.6 Vacuum to 0, stop the shaft seal steam;
9.4.4.7 Rotation speed to 0, check if the turning can automatically start in a normal way.
If automatic starting is unsuccessful, start it manually. Record the rotor's idling time,
eccentricity, turning motor's current, swing and cylinder temperature etc.;
9.4.4.8 During the shutdown process, check if the unit's vibration, temperature of
lubricating oil, oil-hydrogen difference of sealing oil are normal;
9.4.4.9 Operation personnel should carefully listen to the internal sound in the unit on site.
It is prohibited to restart the unit if there is obvious metal clang inside;
9.4.4.10 The rest operations are the same with that of normal shutdown;
9.4.5 Water hammer of steam turbine
9.4.5.1 Phenomena:
9.4.5.1.1 Steam turbine's axial displacement rises sharply, thrust bearing's temperature rises
greatly;
9.4.5.1.2 Steam turbine's vibration rises greatly;
9.4.5.1.3 The temperature difference between the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder of
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the steam turbine rises greatly;

9.4.5.1.4 Steam extraction pipe has water hammer sound;
9.4.5.1.5 Pressure at velocity stage of steam turbine increases abnormally;
9.4.5.1.6 It will emit steam at the shaft seal and bonnet under a serious condition.
9.4.5.2 Causes:
9.4.5.2.1 Boiler's steam temperature regulation has malfunction, main steam temperature
and reheated steam temperature drop sharply, steam brings water into the steam turbine;
9.4.5.2.2 Heater's pipe breaks, a large amount of feed water comes into the steam side or the
water level regulation of the heater has malfunction and it causes the heater at a full-water state.
The protection device of the heater refuses to operate or the steam extraction valve is not tightly
closed which makes water enters the steam turbine from the heater;
9.4.5.2.3 Temperature of the shaft seal steam is insufficient or shaft seal's attemperating
water regulation valve works abnormally, which causes water to enter the shaft seal chamber of
the steam turbine;
9.4.5.2.4 #7 and #8 low-pressure heaters are filled with water, directly entering the steam
turbine;
9.4.5.2.5 Regulation valve at the low-level drain point of steam extraction pipe operates
abnormally, causing accumulated water in the pipe to enter the steam turbine.
9.4.5.2.6 High-pressure extraction check valve can not drain freely, causing water to enter;
9.4.5.2.7 Shaft seal fan shuts down due to failure, standby shaft seal fan is not inter-started.
9.4.5.3 Handling
9.4.5.3.1 Confirm the alarm and report it to the shift chief-operator;
9.4.5.3.2 Main principles for handling water hammer of the steam turbine: cut off the steam
source for water hammer and enhance water drainage at the same time. Besides, measures
should be taken based on different conditions and causes;
9.4.5.3.3 For instance, the temperature of the main steam and reheated steam drops sharply.
The steam turbine should be manually tripped immediately when the superheating degree is
lower than 20℃, or the temperature of the main steam and reheated steam drops by 50℃ in
every 10min and it can not be maintained. It does not need to destruct the vacuum if there is no
other water hammer phenomenon, however, all the water drain valves should be opened;
9.4.5.3.4 If the heater is full in water, relevant heaters should be stepped out immediately.
Besides, the steam turbine should be tripped immediately and the vacuum should be destructed
if the temperature difference of the upper and lower cylinders of the steam turbine exceeds
50℃, there is differential expansion and obvious axial displacement;
9.4.5.3.5 It needs to immediately open the low-level water drain valve of the steam
extraction pipe if no change has occurred onto the temperature difference of the upper and
lower cylinders, differential expansion and axial displacement due to inexpedient water
drainage that causes a small amount of accumulated water to flow into the steam turbine from
the steam extraction pipe. It does not need to shut down the equipment if cold water and cold
steam enter but the condition is not serious. However, it still needs to trip the equipment,
destruct the vacuum and open all water drain valves if major parameters such as the axial
displacement has reached the limit value;
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9.4.5.3.6 It needs to check the shaft seal's attemperating water if the shaft seal's steam is
abnormal and there is cold water and cold steam entering. If the adjusting valve of the
attemperating water is fully opened due to fault, its manual isolation valve should be closed;
9.4.5.3.7 After #7 and #8 low-pressure heaters are filled with water, it will directly enter the
steam turbine; If it is found that the #7 and #8 low-pressure heaters are filled with water and
there is cold water and cold steam entering the steam turbine, it shall be handled as emergency
shutdown and all water drain valves shall be opened;
9.4.5.3.8 The idling time will be greatly reduced due to rotor bending and kinetic friction
and static friction after cold water and cold steam has entered the steam turbine. In order to
judge the damage degree of the steam turbine, it needs to closely monitor all changes on the
steam turbine and record all the major parameters after emergency shutdown;
9.4.5.3.9 It is prohibited to carry out forced turning if the turning current increases, the
protection device operates and turning fails to operate after emergency shutdown. However, the
oil system should still be put into operation normally;
9.4.5.3.10 It only needs to enhance operation adjustment instead of shutdown if there is no
obvious change on the operation parameters of the steam turbine by a little amount of cold
water and cold steam.
9.4.6 Big vibration on steam turbine generator
9.4.6.1 Phenomena:
9.4.6.1.1 OIS station gives alarm on "Big vibration on steam turbine generator";
9.4.6.1.2 The vibration is large by actual measurement locally.
9.4.6.2 Causes:
9.4.6.2.1 The rotor has great imbalance;
9.4.6.2.2 Steam turbine has dynamic and static frictions;
9.4.6.2.3 Steam turbine is resisted by expansion or it is not even, which makes the
component deformed;
9.4.6.2.4 Steam turbine's blade breaks, or the internal component falls off;
9.4.6.2.5 Torsional vibration occurs on the shaft system of the steam turbine;
9.4.6.2.6 Cold steam, cold water enter the steam turbine;
9.4.6.2.7 Bearing of the steam turbine works abnormally, the oil film is unstable;
9.4.6.2.8 There is oil film vibration or steam vibration;
9.4.6.2.9 Electrical problems such as uneven air gap of generator;
9.4.6.2.10 Step out of generator;
9.4.6.2.11 Oscillation of power grid system;
9.4.6.3 Handling:
9.4.6.3.1 It must return to the turning state after shutdown due to abnormal vibration during
the starting process of the unit. Besides, it needs to conduct an overall inspection and careful
analysis so as to find out the cause. When the unit has met all conditions for starting, it can be
started only after a no-less-than 4h continuous turning. It is prohibited to conduct blind starting;
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9.4.6.3.2 During the speedup process of the steam turbine, the cause should be found out if
the shaft vibration rises slowly, warming time should be prolonged if the expansion is not even
and the speed should be lowered if the vibration rises with the increase of rotation speed (the
shaft vibration should be lowered below 76µm and the stability should be maintained for a
period of time before the speed can be increased);
9.4.6.3.3 The unit should be shut down immediately if the bearing vibration exceeds 30µm
during the starting process of the unit and before the speed reaches the critical rotation speed;
9.4.6.3.4 During the speedup process of the steam turbine, it is not allowed to stay within
the range of the critical rotation speed. It needs to immediately shut down the unit when the
speed just passes the critical rotation speed and the bearing vibration exceeds 100µm or the
shaft vibration value exceeds 126µm; it is prohibited to pass the critical rotation speed or lower
the speed to warm the unit in a forced way;
9.4.6.3.5 During the operation process of the unit, it requires that the shaft vibration does
not exceed 30µm or the bearing vibration does not exceed 80µm. Measures should be taken to
eliminate the values if the vibration values exceed the required values. Besides, it should shut
down the unit immediately if the shaft vibration is bigger than 254µm; if the change on shaft
vibration is ±15µm or the change on bearing vibration is ±50µm, it needs to find out the cause
and eliminate it by all means. In addition, it should shut down the unit immediately if the
bearing vibration suddenly increases by 50µm;
9.4.6.3.6 If the vibration increases during the load rising process of the steam turbine, it
should stop rising the load and start to warm the unit. If the vibration still can not be eliminated
by warming, it needs to lower the load and warm the unit for 30min until the vibration becomes
stable. It needs to report it to the leader if the relative shaft vibration change is ±50µm. Handle
it immediately by all means;
9.4.6.3.7 It needs to shut down the unit immediately and destruct the condenser vacuum if
the vibration rises abnormally due to blade breaking during the normal operation process and
metal grating sound inside of the steam turbine can be heard. It needs to shut down the unit
immediately and destruct the condenser vacuum once metal grating sound or metal clang inside
of the steam turbine is heard whatever the vibration is. Besides, it is prohibited to restart the unit.
It needs to shut down the unit immediately and destruct the condenser vacuum if there is
obvious friction at the shaft seal or even there is spark during the operation process.
9.4.7 Overspeed of steam turbine
9.4.7.1 Phenomena:
9.4.7.1.1 OIS graphic display shows severe overlimit of the unit's rotation speed;
9.4.7.1.2 Alarm shows tripping of steam turbine;
9.4.7.1.3 Local revolution meter shows severe over load of steam turbine;
9.4.7.1.4 Alarm shows that the protection bolt of the steam turbine starts to operate;
9.4.7.1.5 Alarm shows that the steam turbine's high and medium pressure main steam
valves and governor valves are closed.
9.4.7.2 Causes:
9.4.7.2.1 The generator suddenly drops all the load during the normal operation process;
9.4.7.2.2 After the steam turbine trips, the high and medium pressure main steam valves,
governor valves, steam extraction check valves at each section are stuck or can not be fully
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closed;
9.4.7.2.3 The unit has violent vibration, causing the shafting to break.
9.4.7.3 Handling:
9.4.7.3.1 Manually shut down the unit immediately and check if all the main steam valves,
governor valves, steam extraction check valves are closed after finding that the unit is running
overspeed;
9.4.7.3.2 Start the A.C. lubricating oil pump and check if the oil pressure and oil pump's
current are normal;
9.4.7.3.3 Check if the rotation speed of the unit is starting to decrease, or find out the reason
immediately and take proper handling measures. If the overspeed is caused because the high
and medium pressure main steam valves, governor valves, steam extraction check valves at
each section are stuck or can not be fully closed, it should take measures to eliminate the
pressure of the steam source;
9.4.7.3.4 Switch the shaft seal steam source into the auxiliary steam;
9.4.7.3.5 Switch the deaerator heating into the auxiliary steam;
9.4.7.3.6 Check if all the proper drain valves of the steam turbine are open;
9.4.7.3.7 The rest operations are the same with that of normal shutdown;
9.4.7.3.8 Closely monitor the change of all parameters at the time of shutdown, record the
idling time and print the idling curve, record parameters such as the temperature of the steam
turbine's cylinder and conduct an overall inspection unit;
9.4.7.3.9 Check unit alarm, find out the cause for overspeed. It is prohibited to restart the
unit if the cause has not been found out.
9.4.8 Axial displacement increases
9.4.8.1 Phenomena:
9.4.8.1.1 OIS station display window shows"Axial displacement of steam turbine is big";
9.4.8.1.2 OIS station graphic display shows temperature of steam turbine's thrust pad
increases;
9.4.8.1.3 OIS station graphic display shows temperature of thrust bearing's return oil
increases;
9.4.8.2 Causes:
9.4.8.2.1 Internal damage of thrust bearing;
9.4.8.2.2 Water hammer of steam turbine;
9.4.8.2.3 Sharp change on the load of steam turbine;
9.4.8.2.4 Heater stops working suddenly;
9.4.8.2.5 Violent vibration of steam turbine, dynamic and static frictions;
9.4.8.2.6 Blades with severe scales or fell off;
9.4.8.2.7 Vacuum change of condenser;
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9.4.8.2.8 Thermal meter has indication error.

9.4.8.3 Handling:
9.4.8.3.1 It needs to check if the indication of relevant instruments and meters is correct and
confirm that the axial displacement increases if the axial displacement is found increased;
9.4.8.3.2 Check the change on the thrust bearing's temperature, return oil's temperature,
differential expansion and vibration etc.;
9.4.8.3.3 It needs to immediately stabilize the load and adjust the steam parameter to the
normal value if sudden change occurs on the load and steam;
9.4.8.3.4 If the temperature of the thrust bearing of the steam turbine is found increasing, it
needs to immediately stop increasing/decreasing the load and to find out the cause. It needs to
immediately reduce the load if the axial displacement still can not be stored after measures have
been taken;
9.4.8.3.5 If the steam turbine has water hammer, it should be handled as per the maximum
hazard on water entering and axial displacement;
9.4.8.3.6 It needs to conduct emergency shutdown if the axial thrust increases and there is
grating sound in the thrust bearing and the steam turbine or the unit has violent vibration;
9.4.8.3.7 It needs to shut down the unit immediately if the axial displacement is ≥1.0mm or
≤-1.0mm.
9.4.9 Decrease of condenser vacuum
9.4.9.1 Phenomena:
9.4.9.1.1 OIS station shows that condenser vacuum indication decreases;
9.4.9.1.2 OIS station shows that steam exhaust temperature of low-pressure cylinder of the
steam turbine rises;
9.4.9.1.3 Sound-light alarm for "Decrease of condenser vacuum";
9.4.9.1.4 Steam flow increases and control stage pressure increases under the same load
condition.
9.4.9.2 Causes:
9.4.9.2.1 Circulating water system has failure;
9.4.9.2.2 Shaft seal system has failure;
9.4.9.2.3 Condensed water system has failure;
9.4.9.2.4 Vacuum system of condenser has failure;
9.4.9.2.5 Condenser has high water level;
9.4.9.2.6 The pipe between the unit and the negative pressure system has air leak.
9.4.9.3 Handling:
9.4.9.3.1 When the vacuum is found decreased, it needs to immediately check the the
vacuum meters of other condensers with the condenser's vacuum values displayed on the OIS
station as well as check the change of exhaust temperature of the lower pressure cylinder. It can
only consider that the condenser's vacuum has truly decreased when the vacuum decreases and
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the exhaust temperatures relatively increases at the same time;

9.4.9.3.2 When the vacuum decreases, it needs to immediately find out the cause and
operate the standby vacuum pump and circulating pump. Try the best to restore the condenser's
vacuum;
9.4.9.3.3 It needs to properly lower the load of the unit if the condenser's vacuum decreases
and the cause can not be found out in a short time or it can restore only after measures have been
taken;
9.4.9.3.4 It needs to immediately shut down the unit when the vacuum sharply drops (such
as interruption of circulation water) to the shutdown value;
9.4.9.3.5 It needs to pay attention to the following matters during the process of vacuum
decrease and load reduction;
1) It needs to pay special attention to the vibration condition of the low pressure
cylinder when the vacuum decreases and it needs to lower the load in advance to eliminate the
vibration if the unit's vibration is found to have increased greatly. It should shut down the unit
immediately if it is invalid by reducing the load, the vibration continues rising and the shaft
vibration>254µm;
2) It needs to pay attention to the exhaust temperature of the low pressure cylinder
during the process of vacuum decrease. The water spray valve of the lower pressure cylinder
should open automatically when the exhaust temperature reaches 79℃, or manually open the
water spray valve. It needs to shut down the unit if the exhaust steam temperature reaches
121℃ and has ran for 15min;
3) When the vacuum decreases, the high and low pressure bypasses should be switched
into manual mode from automatic mode. It is prohibited to operate the low pressure bypass
when the condenser's vacuum decreases to 28KPa.
9.4.9.3.6 It needs to increase the circulation water flow rate when the circulation water flow
rate drops and the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the condenser
increases;
9.4.9.3.7 If the circulation pump trips, immediately start the standby pump to supply water
to the system. If the protection device operates, it should be handled as unit shutdown;
9.4.9.3.8 When the water level of the condenser rises, open the water drain valve at the
outlet of #5 low pressure heater or start the standby condensate extraction pump while pay
attention to the water level of the deaerator;
1) Confirm that the water level indication of the condenser is correct instead of false
water level;
2) Stop water supply to the condenser;
3) If the water level of the deaerator is relatively lower, it should enhance water supply
to the deaerator and lower the water level of the condenser;
4) It should immediately start the standby pump if the water level is high due to
condensate extraction pump tripping and failure on inter-starting of standby pump;
5) Check if there is misclosing on the water pipes and valves from the outlet of the
condensate extraction pump to the deaerator, if any, restore them to the normal status. In case of
unabling for operation, please immediately relevant bypasses;
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6) If the water level still keep rising after stopping the water supply to the condenser, it
needs to fully close the water supply valve with severe internal leak; in case of no internal leak,
it must be that there is leak at the steel pipe of the condenser, so it needs to contact relevant to
test the water quality and conduct relevant treatment.
7) If the water level of the deaerator is already at the high level and the water level in the
condenser is too high that the vacuum degree has been affected, open the water drain valve at
the outlet of #5 low pressure heater.
9.4.9.3.9 If there is fault on demineralized water (for example, the demineralized water pipe
is not filled with water when supplying water to the condenser), it should close the water supply
valve and immediately supply water to the water supply tank of the condenser;
9.4.9.3.10 It should start the standby vacuum pump if the vacuum pump has fault during the
operation process;
9.4.9.3.11 Handling for failure of shaft sealing system:
1) Check if the pressure of the shaft sealing header is normal. If the pressure is low,
check if the three-way steam source and overflow valve of the shaft seal are normal, and adjust
the pressure of the shaft sealing header to the normal value in a timely manner. If the pressure
rises slowly, it needs to take relevant measures to restore the shaft sealing steam. Or, reduce the
load and shut down the unit. It should maintain the pressure of the shaft sealing header at a
normal condition is the controlled gas is lost. It should monitor that the negative differential
expansion of the steam turbine shall not exceed the limit value when the shaft seal steam is lost;
2) Check if the U-shape water seal of the shaft sealing heater is damaged. If the water
level of the shaft sealing heater is too low, it needs to adjust the water drain valve of the shaft
sealing heater in order to maintain the water level and supply water to the water seal pipe;
3) It needs to report to the leader and apply for shutdown if the shaft sealing heater has
severe leaks that makes the shaft sealing system unable to operate.
9.4.9.3.12 Check if the BFP turbine's vacuum system has any leak. It needs to immediately
start the electric pump, stop the BFP turbine that has leak and close its exhaust steam butterfly
valve if the condenser's vacuum can not be kept above the alarm value due to leak on BFP
turbine's vacuum system. If the BFP turbine stops operating, it needs to check if the exhaust
steam butterfly valve of the BFP turbine is fully closed;
9.4.9.3.13 Check if the vacuum breaking valve of the condenser's vacuum is opened by
mistake and if the water seal is normal;
9.4.9.3.14 Check if the sealing water of the condensate extraction pump is normal.
9.4.10 Sharp change on the load of unit
9.4.10.1 Phenomena:
9.4.10.1.1 Active load meters of the unit have sudden changes;
9.4.10.1.2 System frequency may fluctuate;
9.4.10.1.3 Parameters such as the main steam pressure of the unit fluctuate;
9.4.10.1.4 Water levels of the heaters fluctuate;
9.4.10.1.5 Local governor valve of steam turbine swings;
9.4.10.1.6 Steam turbine generator has cadential sound;
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9.4.10.1.7 Alarm window of "Voltage circuit disconnected" may give alarm.

9.4.10.2 Causes:
9.4.10.2.1 The system under which the generator operates has oscillation;
9.4.10.2.2 Generator's exciting system has failure;
9.4.10.2.3 Steam turbine's governing and control systems have failure;
9.4.10.2.4 Boiler operates abnormally;
9.4.10.2.5 Low-voltage bypass has been misoperated or the bleeder heater steps out;
9.4.10.2.6 Major auxiliary equipment of the unit has failure.
9.4.10.3 Handling:
9.4.10.3.1 When the unit has load swing, the attendant should pay attention to the change of
parameters on the unit, boiler and electricity and judge the cause of the fluctuation in a timely
manner. Take relevant handling measures. and report it to relevant leaders timely according to
the conditions;
9.4.10.3.2 If the DEH control system works abnormally, it needs to switch the steam
turbine's control into "manual" mode;
9.4.10.3.3 If the governing system of the steam turbine works abnormally, please contact the
maintenance personnel; it should apply for shutdown if it can not operate; it is prohibited to
increase/decrease the load in a forced way if the steam valve is stuck;
9.4.10.3.4 Check if the excitation system of the generator works normally, or contact the
maintenance personnel;
9.4.10.3.5 Check if the capacity of the auxiliary equipment of the unit is normal. If not, find
out the reason and solve the problem before adjusting the auxiliary equipment to normal
operation condition. If RB occurs, treat it as RB of the unit;
9.4.10.3.6 If the unit has load swing due to system vibration, contact the network dispatcher
to try to keep the unit load stable, increase the inactive power of the unit and wait for the
command of the dispatcher;
9.4.10.3.7 It needs to adjust the steam admission of the steam turbine and stabilize the steam
parameters if the boiler operates abnormally. Keep the unit operating stably under the new load
condition before handle the problem according to the cause of the accident;
9.4.10.3.8 When the unit load has a sharp decrease, it needs to monitor if the BFP turbine and
the deaerator's steam source switch normally;
9.4.10.3.9 Pay attention to the adjust the shaft seal pressure as well as water levels in the
condenser, deaerator and heaters;
9.4.10.3.10 Pay attention to monitor if the unit's pad temperature, return oil temperature, axial
displacement and vibration are normal.
9.4.11 Temperature of main and reheated steam is abnormal
9.4.11.1 Phenomena:
9.4.11.1.1 Temperature of main and reheated steam has high or low temperature overlimit;
9.4.11.1.2 Main and reheated steam gives temperature alarm;
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9.4.11.2 Operation rules and handling;

9.4.11.2.1 Under normal operation condition, the temperature of the main steam and
reheated steam is allowed to change at the range of 566±8℃;
9.4.11.2.2 The annual accumulated time shall not exceed 400h for operation under the
temperature range of 574~580℃ due to abnormal rise of the main steam and reheated steam;
9.4.11.2.3 The cyclical fluctuation of the main steam and reheated steam shall not endure for
more than 15min at the range of 580~594℃ and it shall not exceed 80h during the 12-month
operation period;
9.4.11.2.4 The temperature difference of the steam entering each of the main steam and
reheated steam valves of the steam turbine must be kept below 14℃. The differential value is
allowed to reach 42℃ under abnormal condition, however, the duration shall not exceed 15min
and the time interval shall be at least 4h between such abnormities;
9.4.11.2.5 It needs to promptly take measures to restore the steam temperature to normal
level if there is temperature abnormity on the main steam and reheated steam. During the
handling process, it needs to shut down the unit immediately if the steam temperature drops
sharply by 50℃ within 10min;
9.4.11.2.6 If the unit's load is under 75%, it is not allowed for the temperature of the reheater
to be higher than that of the superheated steam generally. Under the rated load condition, it is
allowed for the main steam temperature to be higher than that of the reheated steam by 42℃
under the abnormal operation condition that the deviation of the superheated and reheated
steam temperatures is within ±28℃.
9.4.12 The pressure of the lubricating oil decreases and the oil level remains unchanged
9.4.12.1 Causes:
9.4.12.1.1 Main oil pump and oiler work normally;
9.4.12.1.2 Pressure oil pipe leaks oil into the oil tank or the bearing box;
9.4.12.1.3 The check valve at the outlet of the lubricating oil pump or hydrogen sealing oil
standby pump is not tight.
9.4.12.2 Handling:
9.4.12.2.1 It should start the A.C. lubricating oil pump when the oil pressure of the
lubricating oil header drops to 0.082MPa. Find out the cause and shut down the unit for
handling when necessary;
9.4.12.2.2 The D.C. lubricating oil pump should be inter-started when the lubricating oil
pressure drops to 0.075MPa, or it should manually start the oil pump and the steam turbine trips
simultaneously. Otherwise, it needs to break the condenser's vacuum, shut down the unit and
observe the change on temperature of each pad;
9.4.12.2.3 It should closely monitor each bearing's temperature, return oil temperature and
return oil flow when the pressure of the lubricating oil drops. It needs to break the condenser's
vacuum and shut down the unit if the temperature of the thrust bearing and support bearing rises
abnormally to the limit value.
9.4.13 The pressure of the lubricating oil remains unchanged and the oil level decreases
9.4.13.1 Causes:
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9.4.13.1.1 The oil level indicator works abnormally;

9.4.13.1.2 The oil tank's emergency oil drain valve, water drain valve or oil filter valve are
opened by mistake;
9.4.13.1.3 Steel pipe of the oil cooler has slight leak;
9.4.13.1.4 Sealing oil system has leak, sealing oil tank's oil level is too high that makes oil
overflows into the generator;
9.4.13.1.5 System's return oil pipe leaks oil.
9.4.13.2 Handling:
9.4.13.2.1 They should be tightly closed in a timely manner if the oil tank's emergency oil
drain valve, water drain valve or oil filter valve are opened by mistake;
9.4.13.2.2 Supply oil in a timely manner as per the oil level condition in the oil tank;
9.4.13.2.3 Stop operation of the oil cooler that has fault;
9.4.13.2.4 Adjust the oil level of in the sealing oil tank to normal;
9.4.13.2.5 Find out the leak location promptly and contact the maintenance personnel to
solve the problem timely.
9.4.14 The pressure and oil level of the lubricating oil decrease simultaneously
9.4.14.1 Causes:
9.4.14.1.1 Oil system's equipment or pressure oil pipe leaks oil to the outside of the tank;
9.4.14.1.2 Great leak due to fault of the oil cooler.
9.4.14.2 Handling:
9.4.14.2.1 Start the standby lubricating oil pump to maintain the pressure;
9.4.14.2.2 Try to supply oil if the oil level in the tank has decreased greatly;
9.4.14.2.3 When the oil pressure and oil level can not be maintained and it reaches the
shutdown value, it should break the condenser's vacuum, immediately shut down the unit,
extract hydrogen for the generator and take fire prevention measures;
9.4.14.2.4 After oil leak occurs, it should shut down the unit immediately if handling can not
be conducted by isolating the system or oil has leaked into the thermal pipe;
9.4.14.2.5 If the oil cooler leaks, it needs to cut off the oil cooler before contacting the
maintenance personnel for handling.
9.4.15 The oil level of the lubricating oil increases and the pressure remains unchanged
9.4.15.1 Causes
9.4.15.1.1 Shaft seal clearance is too big, water enters oil due to the contact between steam
and lubricating oil;
9.4.15.1.2 Water enters oil due to improper operation during the operating process when oil
cooler has leak.
9.4.15.2 Handling
9.4.15.2.1 Operate the main equipment and auxiliary oil purifier;
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9.4.15.2.2 Properly lower the pressure of the shaft seal header;

9.4.15.2.3 Start one more shaft seal draft fan;
9.4.15.2.4 Operate by strictly following the operating ticket when operating and switching
the oil cooler.
9.4.16 EH oil system has fault
9.4.16.1 Phenomena:
9.4.16.1.1 In OIS station, it indicates that the pressure of fire resistant oil decreases, it gives
alarm on "Low EH oil pressure";
9.4.16.1.2 It indicates that oil level in local EH oil tank decreases;
9.4.16.1.3 In OIS station, it indicates that the oil temperature of EH oil increases.
9.4.16.2 Causes:
9.4.16.2.1 The operating EH oil pump has fault;
9.4.16.2.2 EH oil system has leak;
9.4.16.2.3 Unloading valve of EH oil system has fault;
9.4.16.2.4 Pressure difference at the filter screen of EH oil pump outlet is big or the safety
valve at the outlet has leak;
9.4.16.2.5 EH oil's oil cooler has internal leak;
9.4.16.2.6 Oil level of EH oil tank is low.
9.4.16.3 Handling:
9.4.16.3.1 The standby pump should start automatically when the EH oil pressure drops to
11MPa, or manually start the pump;
9.4.16.3.2 Start the standby pump and stop the operating pump to repair it if the operating
pump has fault by inspection;
9.4.16.3.3 If the pressure difference at the filter screen of the EH oil pump's outlet is big by
inspection, it needs to switch to the EH pump and contact the maintenance personnel to clean
the filter screen;
9.4.16.3.4 Check if the set value of the unloading valve is correct on site;
9.4.16.3.5 Check if the EH oil system has leak;
9.4.16.3.6 After having confirmed that the EH oil's oil cooler has leak, switch the oil cooler
for operation;
9.4.16.3.7 Supply oil to the normal level if the oil level in the tank is low;
9.4.16.3.8 The unit should trips automatically when the EH oil pressure drops to 9.3MPa, or
manually shut down the unit.
9.4.17 Oil system is on fire
9.4.17.1 Causes:
9.4.17.1.1 Oil system leaks oil to high-temperature component;
135
9.4.17.1.2 The cable is on fire or it is caused by other fire.

9.4.17.2 Handling:
9.4.17.2.1 Take immediate measures to extinguish the fire, report the fire situation and
contact the firefighting department;
9.4.17.2.2 It should use dry-type fire extinguishers, 1211 fire extinguishers and asbestos
cloth to extinguish fire when the steam turbine's oil system is on fire and it is prohibited to use
water and sand (only allowed for fire on the ground). The water spray firefighting system
should be started when the main oil tank is on fire. It needs to break the vacuum and conduct
emergency shutdown if the fire behavior is too great to be extinguished in a short time and it
poses a severe threat to the safety of the equipment;
9.4.17.2.3 The speed for draining oil should be proper when opening the emergency oil
drain valve in order to not interrupt the lubricating oil before the rotor is motionless;
9.4.17.2.4 It is prohibited to start the hydrogen sealing oil standby pump when the oil system
is on fire. It should lower the pressure of the lubricating oil when necessary and it can stop the
oil system if it has to;
9.4.17.2.5 When the fire on the oil system has posed a threat to the hydrogen system of the
generator, it needs to break the vacuum, conduct emergency shutdown and carry out emergency
hydrogen extraction for the generator.
9.4.18 DEH system is abnormal
9.4.18.1 Phenomena:
9.4.18.1.1 In OIS station, it gives "Abnormal DEH" alarm;
9.4.18.1.2 When the computer of the DEH system is abnormal, DEH switches in to "Manual"
control from "Automatic" mode;
9.4.18.1.3 When DEH is abnormal during the starting process of the steam turbine, DEH will
not adjust the rotation speed stably or will not keep a constant peed at 3000rpm in a stable way
and the rotation speed of the steam turbine will have great fluctuation;
9.4.18.1.4 When the steam turbine is operating with paralleled load, DRH abnormity will
cause load swing as well as great fluctuations on parameters such as the main steam's
temperature and main steam flow.
9.4.18.2 Handling:
9.4.18.2.1 If DEH has abnormal adjustment, it should switch into manual control mode and
monitor the change on load, main steam parameter and rotation speed. Restart the automatic
mode after eliminating the fault;
9.4.18.2.2 If the control and automation UPS lost power or DEH system lost power, it should
conduct emergency shutdown immediately;
9.4.18.2.3 It should conduct emergency shutdown if some important parameters can not be
monitored and unit operation can not be maintained due to DEH fault.
9.5 Abnormal Operation of Generator and Accident Handling

9.5.1 It should immediately trip the generator under the following conditions
9.5.1.1 People's safety is endangered;
136
9.5.1.2 Generator, excitation system or generator transformer are smoking, on fire or

exploded;
9.5.1.3 Hydrogen explosion occurs in the generator;
9.5.1.4 Generator set has obvious fault and protection device refuses to operate;
9.5.1.5 The is friction sound and clang in the generator and the vibration exceeds the
allowed value;
9.5.1.6 Generator has great leaks on water or hydrogen, and the stator and rotor are
grounded.
9.5.2 It shall apply for shutting down the generator under the following conditions
9.5.2.1 Generator operates without main protection;
9.5.2.2 Rotor's current and current greatly deviate from values under the normal working
condition;
9.5.2.3 When the temperature difference between the bar layers of generator, outlet water
temperature of the bar or its temperature difference reaches the shutdown value, it shall apply
for shutting down the generator after confirming that the temperature measurement element has
no error;
9.5.2.4 Gas pressure of the SF6 main switch of generator decreases severely and it can not
restore in a relatively long period of time.
9.5.3 Abnormal operation of generator and handling methods
9.5.3.1 When the stator winding cooling water is interrupted, it will give a 30s water
interruption protection before tripping the generator;
9.5.3.2 When the operation load of the generator is unbalanced, it shall try to make the
continuous negative sequence current not exceed 8% of the rated current and the current of each
phase shall not be bigger than the rated current;
9.5.3.3 When the temperature of the cold hydrogen of the generator is higher than the rated
value, the current of the stator should be reduced by 2% if the temperature rises by every 1℃.
However, the generator shall not operate when the temperature of the cold hydrogen exceeds
50℃;
9.5.3.4 When the generator is under normal operation condition, all the hydrogen coolers
in Group II should be started in order to keep constant temperature of the cold hydrogen in the
generator. When one set of hydrogen cooler is stopped, the load of the generator should be
lowered to 80% of its rated load and continue operating.
9.5.4 Temperature abnormity of generator
9.5.4.1 Phenomena:
9.5.4.1.1 The water outlet temperature difference of any two upper-layer bars or
lower-layer bars reaches 8℃.
9.5.4.1.2 Interlayer temperature difference of any two bars reaches 10℃.
9.5.4.1.3 Temperature rise of any one water outlet branch or of the water outlet header
reaches 31℃.
9.5.4.1.4 Temperature rise of any one water outlet branch or of the water outlet header
137
reaches 85℃.
9.5.4.1.5 Interlayer temperature of two bars reaches 90℃.
9.5.4.2 Handling
9.5.4.2.1 Check the internal water cooling system to see if there is misoperation that has
caused the quality of the internal cooling water to get worse and check if the internal cooling
water flow is normal;
9.5.4.2.2 It should report to the shift chief-operator immediately and contact the
maintenance personnel to check if the measurement at the measuring point is correct when any
one of the temperatures or temperature differences above reaches the alarm value. If the alarm
is not caused by fault at the measuring point, it needs to report to the chief engineer
immediately;
9.5.4.2.3 Keep the power factor and voltage constant, reduce the load by 15％~20％ (with
5% as one stage and reduce it stage by stage) and confirm if the measuring point has fault;
9.5.4.2.4 Lower the load of the generator (stator current) and properly increase the pressure
of internal cooling water so as to make the abnormal temperatures or temperature differences
decrease to a level below the alarm value;
9.5.4.2.5 Trip the generator immediately after having confirmed that the measuring point is
correct and any one of the following conditions is met at the same time.
1) The water outlet temperature difference of any two upper-layer bars or lower-layer
bars reaches 12℃.
2) Interlayer temperature difference of any two bars reaches 14℃.
3) Temperature rise of any one water outlet branch or of the water outlet header reaches
85℃.
9.5.5 Generator leaks hydrogen
9.5.5.1 Phenomena:
9.5.5.1.1 Decreasing speed of generator's hydrogen is getting higher, frequency for
hydrogen supply is getting higher and hydrogen supply amount is increasing.
9.5.5.2 Handling:
9.5.5.2.1 Report it to the shift chief-operator, take prompt measures to find the hydrogen
leak point and stop the leaking. When the hydrogen content in the neutral point junction box
and in the enclosed bus shell is ≥1%, it needs to supply CO2, apply for load reduction for the
generator and start exhaust hydrogen before the generator fully stops running. When the
hydrogen content in the sealing oil tank is ≥1%, it needs to supply CO2. If it is invalid, reduce
the load and shut down the generator;
9.5.5.2.2 If it is because the low level of the sealing oil, take prompt measures to adjust it to
normal level;
9.5.5.2.3 If it is because hydrogen leak outside of the generator, take prompt measures for
isolation, contact relevant personnel for hydrogen supply and restore the hydrogen pressure to
normal;
9.5.5.2.4 If the hydrogen keeps decreasing and hydrogen supply can not maintain the
required pressure, it needs to lower the load of the generator to keep the temperature at each part
138
normal and report it to the chief engineer and ask for shutdown.
9.5.6 Generator stator fails to boost voltage
9.5.6.1 Phenomena:
9.5.6.1.1 Generator stator's voltage indication is very low or is zero;
9.5.6.1.2 Rotor's voltmeter has reading, but the ampere meter has no reading;
9.5.6.1.3 Rotor's ampere meter has reading, but the voltmeter meter has no reading or very
low reading;
9.5.6.1.4 Rotor's ampere meter has no reading and the voltmeter meter has no reading,
either;
9.5.6.2 Handling:
9.5.6.2.1 Immediately stop boosting voltage, check if the excitation regulation cabinet and
the power cabinet have fault signal or operate normally or not;
9.5.6.2.2 Check if the excitation device is normal and if it has output;
9.5.6.2.3 Check if the power supply of the transducer is normal;
9.5.6.2.4 Check if the voltage transformer is normal, if the primary and secondary plugs are
in a good contact condition;
9.5.6.2.5 Check if the secondary switch of the voltage transformer is well connected;
9.5.6.2.6 Check if the rotor circuit is in open circuit and if the circuit of the ampere meter is
normal;
9.5.6.2.7 Check if the rotor circuit is in short circuit and if the circuit of the voltmeter is
normal;
9.5.6.2.8 Check if the excitation regulator and the excitation transformer are normal;
9.5.6.2.9 Make a comprehensive judgment based on the situation at that time, such as if
there is alarm, warning or the readings of the meters.
9.5.6.2.10 It is prohibited to boost the voltage once again before finding out the cause.
9.5.7 Generator's hydrogen system exploded, and on fire
9.5.7.1 Phenomena:
9.5.7.1.1 There is slight explosion sound and open fire at the hydrogen leak point;
9.5.7.1.2 There is abnormal sound in the generator;
9.5.7.1.3 There is temperature abnormity in all parts of the generator;
9.5.7.1.4 Hydrogen pressure has a big fluctuation in the generator.
9.5.7.2 Handling:
9.5.7.2.1 Immediately extract the hydrogen and use CO2 to extinguish the fire;
9.5.7.2.2 If there is explosion in the generator, it needs to trip the generator immediately and
conduct emergent shutdown of the steam turbine. Besides, conduct emergent hydrogen
extraction, fill the generator with CO2 to extinguish the fire and keep the rotation speed of the
rotor turning;
139
9.5.7.2.3 Keep the generator's sealing oil and cooling system at the normal level.
9.5.8 Asynchronous shunting of the generator
9.5.8.1 Phenomena:
9.5.8.1.1 Meters on the generator swing violently;
9.5.8.1.2 Generator has abnormal sound;
9.5.8.1.3 Unit vibration increases abnormally.
9.5.8.2 Handling:
9.5.8.2.1 It does not need to shut down the unit if the unit has no strong sound and vibration
and the meter swing tends to be gentle. Take immediate measures on external inspection and
report it to the chief engineer to decide if the unit can continue operating;
9.5.8.2.2 If the unit causes a great impact and violent vibration and the meters swing
strongly without any sign of mitigation, it needs to immediately trip the generator, conduct an
overall inspection to the generator and contact the maintenance personnel for necessary
electrical tests;
9.5.8.2.3 Find out the cause for asynchronous shunting, eliminate it and after problem-free
confirming before re-shunting can be started;
9.5.8.2.4 Raising voltage from zero must be conducted for the generator before re-shunting
and re-shunting can be started after problem-free confirming.
9.5.9 Reverse power operation of generator
9.5.9.1 Phenomena:
9.5.9.1.1 Active indication of generator is negative;
9.5.9.1.2 Indication on the inactive meter increases usually;
9.5.9.1.3 Stator current decreases and rotor voltage and current are normal;
9.5.9.1.4 "Reverse power operation" signal is sent.
9.5.9.2 Handling:
9.5.9.2.1 If the reverse power has operation trip, it needs to conduct resynchronization after
finding out the cause and solve the problem;
9.5.9.2.2 If the reverse power does not have operation trip, it needs to immediately increase
the active power; it needs to trips the generator when no restoration can be made within the
protection operation time limit after the signal has been given.
9.5.10 Generator transformer set has protection operation trip
9.5.10.1 Phenomena:
9.5.10.1.1 It gives accident alarm ring, the 500KV circuit switch and field suppression switch
trip, auxiliary power switches in to the standby power;
9.5.10.1.2 Steam turbine trips, boiler MFT operates;
9.5.10.1.3 All meters of the generator display zero;
9.5.10.1.4 Relevant protection operation signal is given;
140
9.5.10.2 Handling:
9.5.10.2.1 Check if the result of the protection operation is correct;
9.5.10.2.2 Check the automatic put-in condition of auxiliary power, ensure normal operation
of the power supply of auxiliary power, especially check if the safety source is normal;
9.5.10.2.3 Check the starting status of the unit's protection and fault recording devices and
preliminarily determine the nature of the fault as per relevant waveforms;
9.5.10.2.4 After finishing confirming the fault, conduct isolation, handover and repair;
9.5.10.2.5 Do not supply power to the transformer before finding out the cause;
9.5.10.2.6 If it is because of system maloperation, it can send power to the transformer and
re-connect the generator after passing the electrical test and the approval of the chief engineer
and dispatcher.
9.5.11 Generator's protection operation trips
9.5.11.1 Phenomena:
9.5.11.1.1 It gives accident alarm ring, the generator transformer set switch and field
suppression switch trip;
9.5.11.1.2 Steam turbine trips, boiler MFT operates;
9.5.11.1.3 All meters of the generator display zero;
9.5.11.1.4 Relevant protection operation signal is given.
9.5.11.2 Handling:
9.5.11.2.1 Check if the result of the protection operation is correct;
9.5.11.2.2 Check if supply of the auxiliary power is normal;
9.5.11.2.3 Check the starting status of the unit's protection and fault recording devices and
preliminarily determine the nature of the fault as per relevant waveforms;
9.5.11.2.4 Make an overall inspection to all equipment within the scope of the operation
protection;
9.5.11.2.5 Check if the generator has burning smell of insulation materials or other obvious
faults;
9.5.11.2.6 If there is no problem on external inspection, it needs to measure the generator
rotor and stator's insulation resistances and temperatures at all points to see if they are normal;
9.5.11.2.7 After finishing confirming the fault, conduct isolation, handover and repair;
9.5.11.2.8 Do not boost the generator before finding out the cause;
9.5.11.2.9 It can reconnect the generator if there is no problem by the check and
measurement above and after a successful test of raising voltage from zero and after the
approval of the chief engineer.
9.5.12 Generator loss of excitation
9.5.12.1 Phenomena:
9.5.12.1.1 Rotor's ampere meter indicates at zero or swings around zero, rotor's voltmeter
141
indicates at zero or swings around zero;

9.5.12.1.2 Inactive power meter indicates negative values;
9.5.12.1.3 Active and stator voltmeters's indication value decreases, indication value of
stator ampere meter rises greatly and it may swing;
9.5.12.1.4 Rotation speed of rotor exceeds the rated value;
9.5.12.1.5 Unbuild protection operation signal is given and unbuild protection operates.
9.5.12.2 Handling:
9.5.12.2.1 It needs to check the excitation circuit if the unbuild protection operation trips;
9.5.12.2.2 It needs to trip the generator if the unbuild protection refuse to operate;
9.5.12.2.3 It can increase excitation immediately if the excitation regulator operates via
manual regulation mode, the unbuild signal is given but protection does not got out.
9.5.13 Generator vibrates or loses synchronization
9.5.13.1 Phenomena:
9.5.13.1.1 Indication of power meter swings;
9.5.13.1.2 Indication of stator ampere meter has violent swing;
9.5.13.1.3 Indications of generator and all busbars' voltmeters have violent swing;
9.5.13.1.4 Indication of excitation system's meter swings around the normal value;
9.5.13.1.5 Generator has abnormal sound that shares the same frequency with the swing of
the meter;
9.5.13.1.6 Lighting in the centralized control room flickers;
9.5.13.1.7 Strong excitation of generator does not operate.
9.5.13.2 Handling:
9.5.13.2.1 Increase reactive power of the generator and system voltage immediately without
the command of dispatcher, and monitor generator stator current and rotor current as per
emergency overload regulations (excitation should not be adjusted when AVR is in "automatic"
mode);
9.5.13.2.2 Do not intervene within 10s after strong excitation operates;
9.5.13.2.3 If vibration is caused by asynchronization of generator, it needs to immediately
trip the generator.
9.5.13.2.4 When the frequency rises, it needs to immediately reduce active load of the
generator before getting the order of the dispatcher. However, the frequency shall not be lower
than 49.9Hz;
9.5.13.2.5 When the frequency decreases, it needs to increase the active load of the generator.
However, the frequency shall not be higher than 50.1Hz;
9.5.13.2.6 If electric network oscillation is caused due to generator field loss, excitation
should be recovered within the allowable field loss time; otherwise, the unit should be
disconnected without the command of dispatcher;
142
9.5.13.2.7 If operations above are conducted and oscillation still does not disappear within
three minutes, report it to the dispatcher immediately and wait for commands;
9.5.13.2.8 It needs to stop all the electrical switching operations during the process of system
power swing and pay attention to the safety of auxiliary power;
9.5.13.2.9 Active load and reactive load of the generator should be adjusted immediately
after system oscillation is eliminated to make the system operate normally; besides, the
operators on duty should conduct complete inspection for the operating condition of auxiliary
equipment.
9.5.14 The generator's voltage circuit is disconnected
9.5.14.1 Phenomena:
9.5.14.2 Alarm on "Protection cabinet 's voltage circuit is disconnected" is given;
9.5.14.3 Generator's stator voltmeter, active/inactive power meter's indication decreases or
decreases to zero;
9.5.14.4 Energy meter of generator rotates slower or stops rotating, generator's cycle counter
indicates abnormally or zero.
9.5.14.5 AVR is switched into another channel to operate.
9.5.14.6 Handling:
9.5.14.6.1 Check the generator' excitation system is operating normally;
9.5.14.6.2 Report it to the shift chief-operator, exit the generator excitation loss, over
excitation and reverse power protection;
9.5.14.6.3 Do not adjust the active load of the generator before eliminating the fault.
Meanwhile, notify relevant personnel on the steam turbine to monitor the parameters, keep the
generator running and monitor the inactive based on the generator's excitation ampere meter;
9.5.14.6.4 Check if PT primary and secondary circuits are fusing. If the PT primary circuit is
fusing, it needs to apply for the shift chief-operator and take safety measures before change the
fuse after measuring the insulation of PT; it is not allowed to change the fuse once more after
the previous one is fusing;
9.5.14.6.5 Operate the protection device that has been stopped after it restores to normal
condition.
9.5.15 Water inlet pressure of stator winding is low.
9.5.15.1 Phenomenon: alarm is given due to low water inlet pressure of stator winding.
9.5.15.2 Handling:
9.5.15.2.1 Start the standby cooling water pump;
9.5.15.2.2 Check if the valve is opened correctly;
9.5.15.2.3 Check if the filter and the internal cooling water cooler are blocked. Take handling
measures.
9.5.16 Water level of internal cooling water tank is abnormal
9.5.16.1 Phenomenon: alarm is given due to high/low water level of internal cooling water
tank.
143
9.5.16.2 Handling:
9.5.16.2.1 Check if the water level controller is normal, if not, supply/drain water manually;
9.5.16.2.2 Check the whole internal cooling water system to see if there is leak;
9.5.16.2.3 If the internal cooling water system has leak, it shall switch into the standby
cooler.
9.5.17 The conductivity of internal cooling water is high
9.5.17.1 Phenomenon: alarm is given on high or high conductivity of internal cooling water.
9.5.17.2 Handling:
9.5.17.2.1 If the ion exchanger's water outlet conductivity is high, it needs to verify that the
water outlet conductivity of the ion exchanger should be lower than the stipulated value via
manual test, or it needs to change the resin; if the conductivity tester has fault, it needs to be
treated timely;
9.5.17.2.2 If the ion exchanger's outlet water conductivity is high and the winding's inlet
conductivity is high, it needs to check if the water flow passes through the ion exchanger is
small and to check if the water supply conductivity is qualified;
9.5.17.2.3 It needs to apply for unit shutdown if the stator's winding inlet water conductivity
is as high as 9.5μs/cm and it has a rising trend. It needs to immediately shut down the unit when
it is as high as 9.9μs/cm.
9.5.18 Generator's stator bar or water pipe leaks
9.5.18.1 Phenomena:
9.5.18.1.1 Internal cooling water pressure of stator bar rises;
9.5.18.1.2 Hydrogen leak gets big, hydrogen supply gets big and hydrogen pressure drops;
9.5.18.1.3 Pressure in the internal cooling water tank rises.
9.5.18.2 Handling:
9.5.18.2.1 Drain liquid from the blow down valve of the generator and test it in order to judge
if there is leak of internal cooling water;
9.5.18.2.2 Check if the rise of pressure in internal cooling water tank is caused by water leak
of the generator stator bar or water pipe;
9.5.18.2.3 It shall immediately trip the generator and shut it down after confirming that there
is water leak on the generator stator bar or water pipe
144
Chapter X Appendixes
10.1 Appendix I: Cold Start Curve of Boiler
perature of reheated steam Temperature of main Steam Load (%) Main steam pressure (Mpa)
(℃) steam (℃) turbine
Temperature of main steam (℃)/Temperature of reheated steam (℃)
Temperature of main steam
Load (%)/Main steam pressure (Mpa)

Temperature of reheated steam
Revolving speed of steam turbine

3min
30 min
Main steam pressure
20 min
40minTem
Flushing Time (min)

Synchronization Full load
Ignition
150 min 84 min 194 min Total: 428min
10.2 Appendix II: Warm Start Curve of Boiler

Temperature of reheated Temperature of main Steam Load (%) Main steam pressure (Mpa)
steam (℃) steam (℃) turbine

Revolving speed of steam turbine
30 min
Main steam pressure
20 min
5 min
Impulse starting of steam turbine Synchronization Time (min)

Ignition Full load
130 min 25 min 112 min
Total: 267 min
145
10.3 Appendix III: Hot Start Curve of Boiler


8 min
2 min
Full load Time (min)

Ignition Impulse starting Synchronization
35min 25 min 53min Total: 113 min
10.4 Appendix IV: Extremely-Hot Start Curve of Boiler


2 min
2 min
Time (min)
Synchronization
Ignition Impulse starting Full load
8min 15 min 44 min
Total: 67 min
146
10.5 Appendix V: Performance Curve of Reheat Steam Regulated by Flue

Gas Damper
650 100
80
600
Low
Steam temperature (℃)
Heat absorption rate (%)

temp 60
Reheater eratu
550 outletsteam re
temperature
rehea
High 40
ter
press
ure
500
rehea 20
ter
450 0
100
80
80
Water spray rate of reheater(t/h)
Flue gas proportion (%)

60 Superheater
60
side
40
Reheater side
40
30%BMCR
40%BMCR
50%BMCR
75%BMCR
20
BMCR
BRL
20
0
400 800 1200 1600 2000
Main steam flow (t/h)
147
10.6 Appendix VI: Temperature Characteristic Curve of Superheated

Steam
700
650
600
Steam temperature (℃)
550
Superheater outlet
500
450
200
150
Water spray rate of superheater (t/h)
Total water spray rate

100
Primary water spray rate
50
0
400 800 1200 1600 2000
35%B-MCR 50%MCR 75%MCR 100%ECR T-MCR B-MCR
Main Steam Flow (t/h)
148
10.7 Appendix VII: Curve for Joint Start of High and Medium Pressure
Cylinders - Cold State Bypass Start
Temperature Pressure Flow Load

High & intermediate pressure cylinder united startup-cold bypass startup (Downtime>72 h)
High pressure
cylinder flow
Admission pressure
Revolving
Intermediate pressure speed
cylinder flow
Inlet steam temperature
Revolving
speed
Reheat temperature
3min
Load
Intermediate
pressure admission
4min pressure
Time 84min 15 min 142 min
Synchronization 5% load ~30% load (BYPASS OFF)
10.8 Appendix VIII: Curve for Joint Start of High and Medium Pressure
Cylinders - Warm State Bypass Start
High & intermediate pressure cylinder united startup-warm Flow Load

Temperature Pressure (Downtime10~72 h)
bypass startup
High pressure cylinder flow
Inlet steam temperature Admission pressure

Revolving
Intermediate pressure
speed
cylinder flow
Reheat temperature
Revolving
speed
3min
Load
admission pressure
4min
Time
60 min 15 min 83 min
~30% load (BYPASS OFF)

Synchronization 5% load
149
10.9 Appendix IX: Curve for Joint Start of High and Medium Pressure
Cylinders - Hot State Bypass Start
(Downtime 1~10 h) Flow Load

Temperature Pressure
High & intermediate pressure cylinder united startup-warm bypass startup
High pressure
cylinder flow

Admission pressure
Revolving
Intermediate pressure speed
cylinder flow
Reheat temperature Revolving
speed
3min
Load
4min admission pressure
Time
10min 50min
10.10 Appendix X: Curve for Joint Start of High and Medium Pressure
Cylinders - Extremely Hot State Bypass Start
Flow Load
Temperature Pressure (Downtime<1 h)
High & intermediate pressure cylinder united startup-extreme hot bypass startup
High pressure
cylinder flow
Reheat temperature
Intermediate pressure Revolving
cylinder flow speed
Revolving
speed
3min
Load
Admission pressure
4min admission pressure
Time
10min
150
10.11 Appendix XI: Temperature Difference between Main Steam and

Reheated Steam
△T 83
55 Abnormal working
（+）不正常运行工况：
conditions: Do not operate
不要在这区域中运行
in this area
28
Allowabletemperature
0 允许温差范围
range
-28 Do not operate in this area

（-）不要在这区域中运行
-55 Note: typical curve of the ignite with
注意：额定主蒸汽温差
difference of rated main steam
和再热蒸汽温差为零的
temperature and reheat
-83 steamtemperature being 0.
火点机组的典型曲线
0 25 50 75 100
%% Load
负荷
△T=允许温差℃（主蒸汽温-再热汽温）
ΔT=allowabletemperature difference ℃(main steam temperature-reheat steam temperature)
151
10.12 Appendix XII: V Curve of Generator
Stator current
Lead
Lag
Allowable Max.stator current
Mix. exciting current
Exciting Current (A)
Line Voltage（kV)
No-load characteristic
Zero-power-factorcharacteristic
Stator current (A)
Short circuit characteristic
Exciting Current (A)
152
10.13 Appendix XIII: Capacity Curve of Generator
Underexcited Reactive power Overexcited
MW
153
10.14 Appendix XIV: Comparison Sheet for Pressure and Saturated

Temperature of Steam
Pressure MPa Temperature oC Pressure MPa Temperature oC
0.004 28.981 3.0 233.84
0.005 32.90 3.2 237.44
0.008 41.53 3.4 240.88
0.01 45.83 3.6 244.16
0.012 49.43 3.8 247.31
0.014 52.58 4.0 250.33
0.015 54.00 4.5 257.41
0.017 56.62 5.0 263.92
0.019 58.98 5.5 269.94
0.02 60.09 6.0 275.56
0.05 81.35 6.5 280.83
0.1 99.63 7.0 285.80
0.2 120.23 7.5 290.51
0.3 133.54 8.0 294.98
0.4 143.62 8.5 299.24
0.5 151.85 9.0 303.31
0.6 158.84 9.5 307.22
0.7 164.96 10 310.96
0.8 170.42 11 318.04
0.9 175.36 12 324.64
1.0 179.88 13 330.82
1.2 187.96 14 336.63
1.4 195.04 15 342.62
1.6 201.37 16 347.32
1.8 207.10 17 352.26
2.0 212.37 18 356.96
2.2 217.24 19 361.44
2.4 221.78 20 365.71
2.6 226.03 21 369.79
2.8 230.04 22.115 374.12
10.15 Appendix XV: Requirement for Empty-Load and Low-Load
154
Requirements for Reheat Steam Temperature and Backpressure
Full speed - no-load curve shall be applied for overspeed test and the backpressure shall be kept stable
Reheated Steam Temperature and Back Pressure
10.16 Appendix XVI: Parameters of Steam Starting in Front of Main Steam Valve
155
540
520
500
480
460 Minimum steam temperature
440 of the main steam valve when

主汽温度（℃）
420 switching the rotation speed

Cold start Minimum steam
400
area temperature of the main
380 steam valve when starting
360
340 Minimum temperature of the
320 steam room wall when
300 switching
280 (saturated temperature)
260
240
220
200
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
主汽压力（MPa）
10.17 Appendix XVII: Parameters of Steam Starting in Front of Main
156
Steam Valve
Steam parameters of reheat steam during stsrt before valve
Max. reheat steam

temperature during start
(cold start)
Reheat steamtemperature℃
Min. reheat steam temperature

during startup (degree of
superheat: 56℃)
Note: Max.reheat steam temperature shall

be based on the "no-load and
low-loadoperation guidance". The lower
value shall prevail.
Reheat Steam Pressure kPa(a)
157
10.18 Appendix XVIII: Determination Curve for Parameters of Warm and

Hot Start
Hot StartCurve
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
Main steam pressure Mpa
XXX
XXX
XXX
158
10.19 Appendix XIX: Ratings of Boiler

S/N Name Unit LLL LL L N H HH HHH Th1f Actions
Main steam pressure at High I valve, PCV valve operates; low
1 MPa 26.2 27
PCV valve I value, return
Main steam pressure high I High I value, give alarm; high II
2 value/high II value (boiler MPa 26.2 28.3 value, MFT does not operate (delay
side) for 2s)
Low I value, it gives alarm; low II
value, two-out-of-three, boiler shuts
Low I value/low II value of
3 t/h 261.8 318.5 362 down (delay for 20s); low III value,
main feedwater flow
two-out-of-three, boiler shuts down
(delay for 3s)
Low II value, it gives alarm; low I
Water level of water
value, close all 361 valves; high I
4 storage tank of steam-water m 1.5 11.3 12 15.4 19
value, open all 361 valves; high II
separator
value, it gives alarm
Temperature of main hot
5 565 576 Alarm
steam (boiler side) ℃
Temperature of reheated
6 565 576 Alarm Warning
steam (boiler side) ℃
Furnace pressure high I
1 KPa -2 2 Alarm Warning
value/low I value
Furnace pressure high II two-out-of-three, boiler trips (delay
2 KPa -3 3
value/low II value for 2s)
Air pressure at inlet of
3 KPa 14 Alarm
sealing fan is high
Air pressure at outlet of
4 KPa 12 Alarm Warning
sealing fan is low
Pressure of primary cold air
5 KPa 8 Alarm
header is low
Pressure of primary hot air
6 KPa 8 Alarm
header is low
Pressure difference at
7 flame check cooling fan's KPa 1 Alarm
filter screen is high
Pressure difference at
8 flame check cooling fan's KPa 9 Alarm
outlet is high
Pressure difference at Give alarm at low I value and switch
flame check cooling fan's to the fan; low II value,
9 KPa 5 6
outlet is low I value/low II two-out-of-three, delay for 1min,
value MFT operates
Pressure difference before
Lower than this value, oil leak test is
10 and after fast valve of MPa 0.05
unsuccessful
light-up oil
Lower than this value, oil leak test is
11 and after fast valve of MPa 0.05
unsuccessful
start-up oil
Lower than the low limit, oil leak test
Pressure of start-up oil is
12 MPa 2.1 2.5 is unsuccessful; oil charging fails if
high/low
the up limit can be be reached
Lower than the low limit, oil leak test
Light-up oil pressure is
13 MPa 2.1 2.5 is unsuccessful; oil charging fails if
high/low
the up limit can be reached
Give alarm at low I value; low II
and after light-up oil's fast
14 MPa 0.49 0.8 value, two-out-of-three, light-up oil
valve, low I value/low II
OFT operates (delay 2s)
value
15 Pressure difference before MPa 0.55 0.8 Give alarm at low I value; low II
159
and after start-up oil's fast value, two-out-of-three, start-up oil

valve, low I value/low II OFT operates
value
Fuel atomization steam
Give alarm at low I value; low II
16 pressure low I value/low II MPa 0.29 0.39
value,, start-up oil OFT operates
value
Fuel atomization steam
17 205 235 Give alarm at low I value
temperature low/normal ℃
Flue gas temperature in Give alarm at high I value; flue as
18 ℃ 540 580
furnace probe exits at high II value
Pressure difference
19 between burner's sealing air KPa 0.65 Alarm Warning
and secondary air
Pressure difference
20 between burner's sealing air KPa 1.5 Alarm
and primary air
Temperature of sealing Give alarm at high I value; fan trips at
1 ℃ 75 85
fan's bearing high II value
Sealing fan has high Give alarm at high I value; fan trips at
2 mm 0.06 0.09
vibration high II value
Lubricating oil flow of
3 L/min 3 Alarm
primary fan's motor is low
Oil temperature switch of
Disconnect the heater at high I value,
4 lubricating tank of primary ℃ 15 30
give alarm at low I value
fan's motor
Oil level switch of It gives alarm when the oil tank level
5 lubricating tank of primary mm 560 reaches 750mm and it is one condition
fan's motor for starting the motor
Front and back pressure
difference of filter screen of
6 MPa 0.1 Alarm
lubricating oil station of
primary fan's motor is big
Lubricating oil pressure of
7 MPa 0.06 Delay tripping of fan for 5S
primary fan's motor is low
Lubricating oil pressure of Inter-start the standby pump and give
8 MPa 0.1
primary fan's motor is low alarm
Back temperature switch of
filter screen of lubricating
9 ℃ 50 Alarm
oil station of primary fan's
motor is big
It gives alarm when the oil tank level
Oil tank level of primary
10 ％ 75% is lower than 75% and it is one
fan is low
condition for allowing the start
Temperature switch of Disconnect the heater at high I value,
11 ℃ 30 40
primary fan's oil tank give alarm at low I value
Pressure difference of filter
12 screen of primary fan's oil MPa 0.35 Alarm
pump is big
Pressure of primary fan's Inter-start the standby pump and give
13 MPa 0.8
pressure oil is low alarm
Pressure of primary fan's
14 MPa 2.5 It is one condition for starting the fan
pressure oil is normal
Lubricating oil flow of It gives alarm and it is one condition
15 L/min 3
primary fan is low for starting the fan
Bearing temperature of Give alarm at high I value; fan trips at
16 ℃ 80 90
primary fan high II value
17 ℃ 70 80
primary fan's motor high II value
Temperature of primary
18 ℃ 110 Alarm Warning
fan's motor coil
160
Give alarm, turn down the moving

19 Surge of primary fan is big KPa 0.5
blades by 10%
Vibration of primary fan is Give alarm at high I value; fan trips at
20 mm/s 6.3 11
big high II value
Oil level in oil tank of
21 mm 243 reaches 500mm and it is one condition
forced draft fan is low
for starting the fan
Temperature switch of Disconnect the heater at high I value,
22 ℃ 15 23
forced draft fan's oil tank give alarm at low I value
Inlet pressure of oil pump
Start the standby pump, close the
23 at oil station of forced draft MPa 0.7
moving blades after a delay of 10S
fan is low
Outlet pressure of oil pump
24 at oil station of forced draft MPa 7 Alarm
fan is low
25 lubricating oil station of MPa 0.25 Alarm Warning
forced draft fan's motor is
big
26 ℃ 85 100
forced draft fan high II value
27 ℃ 85 95
forced draft fan's motor high II value
Temperature of forced draft
28 ℃ 110 Alarm
fan's motor coil
Vibration of forced draft Give alarm at high I value; fan trips at
29 mm/s 2.3 5.9
fan is big high II value
Surge of forced draft fan is Give alarm, turn down the moving
30 Pa 500
big blades by 10%
Lubricating oil flow of
31 L/min 16
induced draft fan is low
Oil level switch of oil tank
32 mm 560 reaches 750mm and it is one condition
of induced draft fan
for starting the motor
33 MPa 0.1 Alarm
oil station of induced draft
fan is big
Pressure of lubricating oil
Inter-start the standby pump and give
34 of induced draft fan's motor MPa 0.1
alarm
low I value
Pressure of lubricating oil
35 of induced draft fan's motor MPa 0.06 Delay tripping of motor for 5S
low II value
Back temperature switch of
36 filter screen of oil station of ℃ 50 Alarm Warning
induced draft fan
Inlet pressure of cooling
37 fan of induced draft fan is KPa 0.3 Alarm Warning
low
Temperature of induced High I value, give alarm; high II
38 ℃ 90 110
draft fan's bearing value, fan trips (delay for 3s)
Temperature of induced High I value, give alarm; high II
39 ℃ 85 95
draft fan's motor bearing value, fan trips (delay for 3s)
Temperature of induced
40 ℃ 110 Alarm
draft fan's motor coil
Oil temperature switch of Disconnect the heater at high I value,
41 ℃ 15 30
oil tank of induced draft fan give alarm at low I value
42 Surge of induced draft fan KPa 2 Give alarm, turn down the moving
161
is big blades by 10%

Vibration of induced draft Give alarm at high I value; fan trips at
43 mm/s 6.3 11
fan is big high II value
Pressure switch at oil pump
44 outlet of guide bearing of MPa 0.1 Alarm
air preheater
Pressure switch at oil pump
45 outlet of support bearing of MPa 0.1 Alarm
air preheater
Pressure difference at filter
screen of air preheater's
46 MPa 0.1 Alarm
guide and support bearing
oil pump
Operate oil pump at high I value; stop
Oil temperature of pilot
47 ℃ 45 55 70 oil pump at low I value; give alarm at
bearing of air preheater
high II value
Operate oil pump at high I value; stop
Oil temperature of support
48 ℃ 45 55 70 oil pump at low I value; give alarm at
bearing of air preheater
high II value
Exhaust gas temperature is
49 ℃ 150 Alarm
high
and the boiler load is over 30%, the
50 Total blasting capacity ％ 25%
boiler trips
Oil level in oil tank of coal The level in the oil tank is 1000mm, it
1 mm 500
mill gives alarm
Oil temperature of oil tank Disconnect the heater at high I value,
2 ℃ 30 40
of coal mill give alarm at low I value
Pressure difference of filter
3 screen of oil pump of coal MPa 0.15 Alarm
mill's oil station is big
Lubricating oil pressure of Inter-start standby pump at low I
4 MPa 0.05 0.1
coal mill is low value and trip at low II value
Temperature of back
5 lubricating oil of oil cooler ℃ 45 Alarm
at coal mill's oil station
Lubricating oil flow of coal
6 L/min 24 Alarm
mill is low
Outlet pressure of
high-pressure oil pump at Allowable condition for starting the
7 MPa 10
oil station of coal mill is coal mill
low
Pressure difference of
8 oil-return filter screen of MPa 0.3 Alarm
coal mill is big
Inlet pressure of air pump
9 Kpa 0.4 Alarm
of oil sprayer of coal mill
Temperature of coal mill's Give alarm at high I value; coal mill
10 ℃ 85 95
motor bearing trips at high II value
Temperature of coal mill's
motor coil
Temperature of coal mill's Give alarm at high I value; coal mill
12 ℃ 55 57
pad trips at high II value
Temperature of coal feeder
is high
10.20 Appendix XX: Ratings of Steam Turbine

S/N Name Unit LLL LL L N H HH HHH Action
162
Main steam
1. 1 MPa 15 25.41 Alarm Warning
pressure
L low alarm H high alarm, main steam's
temperature does not exceed the rated
temperature by 14 ℃ , the total time
within one year ≯ 400 hours,
Main steam
2. ℃ 551 574 maximum value of main steam's
temperature temperature does not exceed the rated
temperature by 28℃, the time does not
exceed 15min, the total time within one
year ≯80℃
Pressure of
3. MPa 3.63
reheating steam
L low alarm H high alarm, reheated
steam's temperature does not exceed the
rated temperature by 14 ℃ , the total
time within one year ≯ 400 hours,
Temperature of
4. ℃ 551 574 maximum value of reheated steam's
reheating steam temperature does not exceed the rated
temperature by 28℃, the time does not
exceed 15min, the total time within one
year ≯80℃
Pressure from
steam extraction at SCS (open the motor-operated door of
5. section four to MPa 0.67 from cold reheater to auxiliary steam
auxiliary header is header)
low
Pressure from
auxiliary steam to
6. 2 MPa 0.147 SCS (Alarm)
deaerator startup
steam is low
Pressure from cold
7. reheater
3 to auxiliary MPa 1.12 SCS (Alarm)
steam is low
Send to DEH alarm, high-pressure
cylinder steam extraction check
valve is open, high-pressure
cylinder steam extraction
temperature is higher than 427 ℃
Steam extraction
or delay for 60s after generator
pressure of high
8. 4 MPa 4.48 5 5.69 synchronization. It needs to shut
pressure cylinder is
down the unit of the ratio between
high
the pressure at the control stage of
high-pressure cylinder and the
steam extraction pressure of the
high-pressure cylinder is smaller
than 1.7.
Send to DEH alarm, high-pressure
cylinder steam extraction check
valve is open, high-pressure
cylinder steam extraction
temperature is higher than 427 ℃
Steam extraction
or delay for 60s after generator
pressure of high
9. 5 MPa 5 5.69 synchronization. It needs to shut
pressure cylinder is
down the unit of the ratio between
high
the pressure at the control stage of
high-pressure cylinder and the
steam extraction pressure of the
high-pressure cylinder is smaller
than 1.7.
Oil level in EH oil
10. 1 mm 914.4 DAS alarm
tank is high (zero
163
level is at the tank

bottom)
Oil level in EH oil
tank is low
Oil level in EH oil
tank is low II
SCS(TV1, TV2 main stop valves
Oil level in EH oil
13. 4 mm 193.55 are closed and low oil levels two
tank is low III
values)
Temperature of oil DEH(H) exit the heater and sound
14. 5 ℃ 21 45
in EH oil tank alarm, SCS(L) alarm
Pressure difference
of the filter screen
15. 6 MPa 0.7 DAS alarm
at the outlet of #1
EH oil pump
Pressure difference
of the filter screen
at the outlet of #2
EH oil pump
Oil pressure in EH
17. 8 MPa 11 DAS alarm
header is low
18. EH
9 oil pressure (L) MPa 11 SCS (inter-starting standby pump)
EH oil pressure is
19. 10 MPa 9.3 ETS tripping
low
EH oil pressure is
20. 11 Mpa 9.3 ETS tripping
low
EH oil pressure is
low
EH oil pressure is
low
EH trips and oil DEH (two-out-of-three steam
23. 14 MPa 6.89
pressure is low turbine latch-on)
24. 15 MPa 6.89
25. 16 MPa 6.89
EH trips and oil
26. 17 MPa 6.89 SCS, alarm
pressure is low
Pressure of
overspeed
protection tripping
header is low
Pilot pressure for
ETS (AST used for solenoid valve
28. automatic
19 shutdown MPa 9.3
testing)
is high
Pilot pressure for
ETS (AST used for solenoid valve
29. automatic
20 shutdown MPa 4.14
testing)
is low
Outlet pressure of
30. AC
1 lubricating oil MPa 0.075 DAS alarm
pump
Outlet pressure of
31. DC
2 emergency oil MPa 0.075 DAS alarm
pump
Lubricating oil tank
32. 3 KPa 0.5 SCS (Alarm)
vacuum
33. 4 KPa 0.5 SCS (Alarm)
vacuum
34. Differential
5 MPa 0.05 DAS alarm
164
pressure of
lubricating oil filter
SCS (inter-start the A.C. oil pump
Output pressure of and high-pressure standby pump
35. 6 MPa 1.8
main oil pump (L) when the rotation speed of steam
turbine is lower than 2890r/min)
Low lubricating oil
36. 7 MPa 0.095 DEH (alarm)
pressure (L)
Pressure of
Electrical (inter-starting A.C. oil
37. lubricating
8 oil MPa 0.082
pump)
header (L)
Lubricating oil Electrical (inter-starting D.C. oil
38. 9 MPa 0.075
pressure LL pump)
Low lubricating oil
pressure, tripping
Lubricating oil
pressure of main
40. equipment
17 MPa 0.031 Tripping of turning
(interlocking
turning)
Exhaust pressure of
41. air
18 interlocking MPa 0.14 Starting condition of turning
turning
Inlet pressure of
jacking oil pump
It is allow to start the turning when
turning/SCS is bigger than 4.2MPA
and oil pump starts automatically
Jacking oil header when smaller than 6.5 MPA
43. 20 MPa 4.2 6.5
pressure H/L (increase lubricating oil header
pressure by 0.075MPa and jacking
oil header pressure by 4.2MPa as
the starting condition)
44. level
21 high/low of mm -50 50 DAS alarm
main equipment
45. level
22 low/low of mm -152 SCS (heater deenergized)
main equipment
Lubricating oil SCS (L do not allow to start the
46. temperature
23 of main ℃ 10 21 turning, LL do not allow to start the
equipment is low oil pump)
Operating oil
47. pressure of interface
valve
Temperature of
48. 1 ℃ 80 Alarm, DAS
stator coil is high
Temperature
49. 2 ℃ 8 Alarm, DAS
difference of coil
Temperature of
50. stator's
3 iron core is ℃ 110 Alarm, DAS
high
Water outlet
temperature
51. 4 ℃ 8 Alarm, DAS
difference of stator's
outgoing line
Temperature of
52. cooler's
5 hot ℃ 65 Alarm, DAS
hydrogen
53. Temperature
6 of ℃ 65 Alarm, DAS
165
cooler's hot
hydrogen
Outlet water
temperature of
54. 7 ℃ 75 Alarm, DAS
stator's outgoing
line is high
Outlet water
55. temperature
8 of ℃ 75 Alarm, DAS
stator's coil is high
Temperature of cold
56. hydrogen
9 of ℃ 43 50 DAS alarm
generator 1 (H)
Water level of
57. stator's
12 cooling mm 600 700 DAS alarm
water tank high low
The pressure
difference before
58. and
15 after the filter 50 DAS alarm
screen of stator's
cooling water (H) kPa
Generator hydrogen
59. Water
16 pressure 35 DAS alarm
difference (L) kPa
Pressure difference
between inlet water
DAS alarm (2/3 time delay trips in
60. and
18 outlet water of 141 178
28s)
stator's cooling
water kPa
Inlet water flow of
61. stator's
21 cooling 92.8 104.4 116 DAS alarm
water T/H
Pressure of stator's
62. cooling
22 water 0.4 SCS, inter-starting standby pump
header (L) Mpa
Pressure of charged
nitrogen for stator's
63. 23 42 DAS alarm
cooling water is
high kPa
Inlet water
temperature of
64. 24 ℃ 53 DAS alarm
stator's cooling
water (H)
Outlet water
temperature of
65. 25 ℃ 85 DAS alarm
stator's cooling
water (H)
Pressure of
66. hydrogen
26 supply MPa 0.52 DAS alarm
header is low
Pressure of
67. hydrogen supply MPa 0.80 DAS alarm
header is high
Oil level in the
sealing oil tank at
68. 27 mm 30 DAS alarm
the hydrogen side is
low
Pressure difference
69. of
28 oil filter at the Kpa 50 DAS alarm
hydrogen side
70. Pressure
29 difference Kpa 50 DAS alarm
166
of oil filter at the air

side
Oil pressure at the
air side Pressure
71. 30 Kpa 35 SCS, start the standby pump
difference of
hydrogen is low
Pressure difference
at the inlet and
72. outlet
31 of A.C. oil Kpa 35 SCS, start the standby pump
pump at #1
hydrogen side
Pressure difference
at the inlet and
73. outlet
32 of A.C. oil Kpa 35 SCS, start the standby pump
pump at #2
hydrogen side
Pressure difference
at the inlet and
outlet of A.C. oil
pump at air side
Pressure difference
at the inlet and
outlet of D.C. oil
pump at air side
Front and back
pressure difference
76. of
35 hydrogen-oil Pa 250 SCS, alarm
separator's smoke
exhaust fan is low
Liquid level in low
back pressure
77. 1 mm 841 1065 MCS alarm
condenser (H) (0
level at the bottom)
Liquid level in low
78. back
2 pressure mm 1141 MCS alarm
condenser (HH)
Liquid level in low
MCS alarm (do not start condensate
79. back
4 pressure mm 600
pump)
condenser (L)
Liquid level in low
MCS (stop two condensate pumps
80. back
5 pressure mm 250
at low I value)
condenser (LL)
Liquid level in high
back pressure
81. 6 mm 1065 MCS alarm
condenser (H) (0
level at the bottom)
Pressure difference
of filter screen at
82. the
8 inlet of #1 Mpa 0.06 DAS alarm
condensate pump
(H)
Pressure difference
of filter screen at
83. the
9 inlet of #2 Mpa 0.06 DAS alarm
condensate pump
(H)
Pressure difference
of filter screen at
84. the
10 inlet of Mpa 0.05 DAS alarm
condensate
make-up pump
167
Pressure difference
of filter screen at
85. the
11 inlet of Mpa 0.05 DAS alarm
condensate supply
pump
Pressure of
86. condensate
12 water Mpa 1.5 SCS, inter-starting standby pump
header
Back pressure pf #1
low pressure
87. 13 Mpa 0.14 DEH gives alarm
cylinder's water
spray valve is high
Back pressure of #2
low pressure
88. 14 Mpa 0.14 DEH gives alarm
cylinder's water
spray valve is high
Temperature of
motor coil of #1
89. 15 ℃ 130 140 SCS(H alarm, HH tripping)
condensate water
pump
Temperature of
lower bearing of #1
90. 16 ℃ 90 95 Alarm(H alarm, HH tripping)
condensate water
pump
Temperature of
upper bearing of #1
condensate water
pump
A water ring
vacuum pump drain
DAS (L supply water, H shut down
92. tank
21 (ground mm 180 420
water supply valve)
surface of the tank
is zero position)
B water-ring
93. vacuum
22 pump drain mm 180 420
water supply valve)
tank
C water-ring
94. vacuum
23 pump drain mm 180 420
water supply valve)
tank
Front pressure of
pneumatic butterfly
95. valve
24 of A Kpa -85 SCS, H inter-starting standby pump
water-ring vacuum
pump
Front pressure of
pneumatic butterfly
96. valve
25 of B Kpa -85 SCS, H inter-starting standby pump
water-ring vacuum
pump
Front pressure of
pneumatic butterfly
97. valve
26 of C Kpa -85 SCS, H inter-starting standby pump
water-ring vacuum
pump
Low back pressure
condenser vacuum
98. 27 Kpa(a) 20.3 ETS tripping
(low-pressure #1
cylinder)
Low back pressure
99. condenser
28 vacuum Kpa(a) 20.3 ETS tripping
(low-pressure #1
168
cylinder)
Low back pressure
condenser vacuum
(low-pressure #1
cylinder)
Low back pressure
condenser vacuum
(low-pressure #1
cylinder)
High back pressure
condenser vacuum
(low-pressure #2
cylinder)
High back pressure
condenser vacuum
(low-pressure #2
cylinder)
High back pressure
condenser vacuum
(low-pressure #2
cylinder)
High back pressure
condenser vacuum
(low-pressure #2
cylinder)
Low back pressure
condenser vacuum
106. 35 Kpa -89 SCS starting standby vacuum pump
LL (low-pressure
#1 cylinder)
Low back pressure
condenser vacuum
107. 36 Kpa(a) 17 MCS do not start the low bypass
LL (low-pressure
#1 cylinder)
Low back pressure
condenser vacuum
LL (low-pressure
#1 cylinder)
Low back pressure
condenser vacuum
LL (low-pressure
#1 cylinder)
High back pressure
condenser vacuum
110. 39 Kpa -89 SCS starting standby vacuum pump
LL (low-pressure
#2 cylinder)
High back pressure
condenser vacuum
LL (low-pressure
#2 cylinder)
High back pressure
condenser vacuum
LL (low-pressure
#2 cylinder)
High back pressure
condenser vacuum
LL (low-pressure
#2 cylinder)
High back/low back
114. 43 Kpa(a) 10.1 Alarm
pressure difference
115. Front
44 and back Kpa(a) 4 Open the annular stop valve of #1
169
pressure difference vacuum pump

of annular stop
valve of #1 vacuum
pump is big
Front and back
pressure difference
Open the annular stop valve of #2
116. of
45 annular stop Kpa(a) 4
vacuum pump
valve of #2 vacuum
pump is big
Front and back
pressure difference
Open the annular stop valve of #3
117. of
46 annular stop Kpa(a) 4
vacuum pump
valve of #3 vacuum
pump is big
DEH(H open the water spray valve,
Steam exhaust L close)stop manually at 120℃;the
temperature of low water spray valve is opened when
118. 47 ℃ 75 80 120
back pressure, low the rotation speed is higher than
pressure cylinder 2600r/min and the load is lower
than 15% of the rated load
DEH(H open the water spray valve,
Steam exhaust L close)stop manually at 120℃;the
temperature of high water spray valve is opened when
119. 48 ℃ 75 80 120
back pressure, low the rotation speed is higher than
pressure cylinder 2600r/min and the load is lower
than 15% of the rated load
Temperature of SCS(H open the water-spraying
120. drain
49 flash tank of ℃ 65 75 valve, L close the water-spraying
the proper valve)
Temperature of SCS(H open the water-spraying
121. drain
50 flash tank for ℃ 65 75 valve, L close the water-spraying
emergency valve)
Water level of
122. 1 mm -900 SCS(2/3 pump tripping)
deaerator tank (LL)
Water level of SCS, water drain valve, 700mm
123. 2 mm 700 950
deaerator tank (HH) closed
Water level of SCS, alarm (close the overflow
124. 4 mm 700
deaerator tank (L) valve at normal water level)
Water level of
125. 5 mm 800 SCS, alarm
deaerator tank (H)
Water level of
126. 6 mm 700 900 SCS, overflow
deaerator tank (HH)
Water level of
SCS, close the extraction check
127. deaerator
7 tank mm 950
valve
(HHH)
Liquid level of #1
SCS alarm and tripping of
128. high-pressure
14 feed mm 138
high-pressure feed water heater
water heater (HHH)
Liquid level of #1
SCS, open the emergency drain
129. high-pressure
15 feed mm 88
valve
water heater (HH)
Liquid level of #1
130. high-pressure
16 feed mm 38 SCS, alarm
water heater (H)
Liquid level of #1
SCS, close the emergency drain
131. high-pressure
17 feed mm -38
valve
water heater (L)
Liquid level of #2
SCS alarm and high tripping of
132. high-pressure
19 feed mm 138
high pressure heater
water heater (HHH)
170
Liquid level of #2
133. high-pressure
20 feed mm 88
valve
water heater (HH)
Liquid level of #2
134. high-pressure
water heater (H)
Liquid level of #2
SCS, close the first emergency
135. high-pressure
22 feed mm -38
drain valve
water heater (L)
Liquid level of #3
SCS alarm and tripping of
136. high-pressure
24 feed mm 138
high-pressure feed water heater
water heater (HHH)
Liquid level of #3
137. high-pressure
25 feed mm 88
valve
water heater (HH)
Liquid level of #3
138. high-pressure
water heater (H)
Liquid level of #3
SCS, close the first emergency
139. high-pressure
27 feed mm -38
drain valve
water heater (L)
Water level of #5
SCS alarm and high tripping of low
140. low
29 pressure heater mm 138
pressure heater
(HHH)
Water level of #5
141. low
valve
(HH)
Water level of #5
142. low
31 pressure heater mm 38 SCS, alarm
(H)
Water level of #5
143. low
32 pressure heater mm -38
valve
(L)
Water level of #6
SCS alarm and tripping of low
144. low
pressure heater
(HHH)
Water level of #6
145. low
valve
(HH)
Water level of #6
146. low
(H)
Water level of #6
147. low
valve
(L)
Water level of #7A
148. low pressure heater mm 138
pressure heater
(HHH)
Water level of #7A
149. low
valve
(HH)
Water level of #7A
150. low
(H)
Water level of #7A
151. low
valve
(L)
Water level of #8A
SCS alarm and high tripping of
152. low
high pressure heater
(HHH)
171
Water level of #8A

153. low
valve
(HH)
Water level of #8A
154. low
(H)
Water level of #8A
155. low
valve
(L)
Water level of #7B
low pressure heater
(HHH) (Zero SCS alarm and high tripping of low
156. 45 mm 138
position is 592mm pressure heater
below the center
line)
Water level of #7B
157. low
valve
(HH)
Water level of #7B
158. low
(H)
Water level of #7B
159. low
valve
(L)
Water level of #8B
160. low
pressure heater
(HHH)
Water level of #8B
161. low
valve
(HH)
Water level of #8B
162. low
(H)
Water level of #8B
163. low
valve
(L)
Deaerator pressure
164. 53 MPa 1 SCS, alarm
high high
Temperature
difference between It gives alarm, open the front and
upper and lower back water drain valves of steam
165. 54 ℃ 50
walls of steam extraction check valve of section
extraction pipe at one
section one is high
Temperature
difference between
It gives alarm, open the front and
the upper wall and
back water drain valves of steam
166. lower
55 wall of the ℃ 50
extraction check valve of section
section two steam
two
extraction pipe is
big
Temperature
difference between
the upper wall and
167. lower
section three steam
three
extraction pipe is
big
Steam extraction at It gives alarm, open the front and
168. 57 ℃ 50
section four back water drain valves of steam
172
extraction check valve

Temperature
difference between
the upper wall and
169. lower
section five steam
five
extraction pipe is
big
Temperature
difference between
the upper wall and
170. lower
section six steam
six
extraction pipe is
big
Water level of
171. steam
61 sealing cooler mm 300 Alarm, DAS
is high
Steam sealing
172. 62 Mpa 0.0207 Alarm, open auxiliary steam
pressure is low
Pressure in steam
173. sealing
63 header is Mpa 0.0259 Open the cooling water reheater
low
Pressure in steam
174. sealing
64 header is Mpa 0.031 Open overflow
high
Quick-closing oil
175. pressure
1 L of #1 Mpa 7.8 SCS tripping small machine
small equipment
Quick-closing oil
176. pressure
2 L of #2 Mpa 7.8 SCS tripping small machine
small equipment
Exhaust pressure
177. (H)
3 of 1# small Kpa(a) 21.3 Alarm Warning
equipment
Exhaust pressure
178. (HH)
4 of 1# small Kpa(a) 33.6 SCS(2/3 tripping small equipment)
equipment
Exhaust pressure
179. (H)
7 of 2# small Kpa(a) 21.3 Alarm Warning
equipment
Exhaust pressure
180. (HH)
8 of 2# small Kpa(a) 33.6 SCS(2/3 tripping small equipment)
equipment
Inlet flow of #1
181. 11 T/H 280 Alarm Warning
steam pump is low
Inlet flow of #2
steam pump is low
Inlet flow of electric
pump is low
The pressure
difference (H) at the
screen of the filter
inlet of the front
pump of #1
feedwater pump
The pressure
inlet of #1
173
feedwater pump
The pressure
inlet of the front
pump of #2
feedwater pump
The pressure
difference at the
187. screen
17 of the filter MPa 0.05 DAS alarm
inlet of #2
feedwater pump
The pressure
inlet of the front
pump of #3
feedwater pump
The pressure
difference at the
189. screen
19 of the filter MPa 0.05 DAS alarm
inlet of #3
feedwater pump
Temperature of the
bearing at the
190. 23 ℃ 80 SCS(H alarm)
suction end of
electric pump
Temperature of the
bearing at the outlet
191. 24 ℃ 80 SCS(H alarm)
end of electric
pump
Temperature of the
192. thrust
26 bearing of ℃ 90 100 SCS(H alarm, HH tripping)
electric pump 1
Temperature of the
193. thrust
27 bearing of ℃ 90 100 SCS(H alarm, HH tripping)
electric pump 2
Temperature of
radial bearing at the
194. non-drive
28 side of ℃ 75 SCS(H alarm)
front pump of #1
feedwater pump
Temperature of
195. drive
29 side of front ℃ 75 SCS(H alarm)
pump of #1
feedwater pump
Temperature of
motor bearing of
front pump of #1
feedwater pump 1
Temperature of
motor bearing of
front pump of #1
feedwater pump 2
Temperature of
motor bearing of
front pump of #1
feedwater pump 3
Temperature of
motor bearing of
174
front pump of #1
feedwater pump 4
Temperature of
motor coil of front
200. pump
34 of #1 ℃ 125 130 SCS(H alarm, HH tripping)
feedwater pump
1~12
Temperature of the
201. 35 ℃ 80 SCS(H alarm)
suction end of #1
feedwater pump
Temperature of the
202. 36 ℃ 80 SCS(H alarm)
outlet end of #1
feedwater pump
Temperature of
203. thrust
38 bearing of #1 ℃ 90 100 SCS(H alarm, HH tripping)
feedwater pump 1
Temperature of
204. thrust
feedwater pump 2
Temperature of
205. non-drive
40 side of ℃ 75 SCS(H alarm, HH tripping)
front pump of #2
feedwater pump
Temperature of
206. drive
41 side of front ℃ 75 SCS(H alarm, HH tripping)
pump of #2
feedwater pump
Temperature of
motor bearing of
front pump of #2
feedwater pump 1
Temperature of
motor bearing of
front pump of #2
feedwater pump 2
Temperature of
motor bearing of
front pump of #2
feedwater pump 3
Temperature of
motor bearing of
front pump of #2
feedwater pump 4
Temperature of
motor coil of front
211. pump
46 of #2 ℃ 125 130 SCS(H alarm, HH tripping)
feedwater pump
1~12
Temperature of the
212. 47 ℃ 80 SCS(H alarm, HH tripping)
suction end of #2
feedwater pump
Temperature of the
213. 48 ℃ 80 SCS(H alarm, HH tripping)
outlet end of #2
feedwater pump
175
Temperature of
214. thrust
feedwater pump 1
Temperature of
215. thrust
feedwater pump 2
Temperature of the
bearing at the
216. suction
52 end of the ℃ 80 SCS(H alarm, HH tripping)
front pump of #3
feedwater pump
Temperature of the
bearing at the outlet
217. end
53 of the front ℃ 80 SCS(H alarm, HH tripping)
pump of #3
feedwater pump
Temperature of
motor bearing of
electric feedwater
pump 1
Temperature of
motor bearing of
electric feedwater
pump 2
Temperature of
motor coil of
electric feedwater
pump 1~6
Temperature of the
circulation liquid at
221. the
64 suction end of ℃ 80 SCS(H alarm)
the front pump of
#1 feedwater pump
Temperature of the
circulation liquid at
222. the
65 outlet end of the ℃ 80 SCS(H alarm)
front pump of #1
feedwater pump
Temperature H of
the seal circulation
223. liquid
66 at the suction ℃ 80 SCS(H alarm)
end of #1 feedwater
pump
Temperature H of
the circulation
224. liquid
67 at the outlet ℃ 80 SCS(H alarm)
end of #1 feedwater
pump
Temperature H of
the circulation
liquid at the suction
225. 68 ℃ 80 SCS(H alarm)
end of the front
pump of #2
feedwater pump
Temperature H of
the circulation
liquid at the outlet
226. 69 ℃ 80 SCS(H alarm)
end of the front
pump of #2
feedwater pump
176
Temperature H of
227. liquid
end of #2 feedwater
pump
Temperature H of
the circulation
228. liquid
end of #2 feedwater
pump
Temperature of the
seal circulation
liquid at the suction
229. 72 ℃ 80 SCS(H alarm)
end of the front
pump of the electric
feedwater pump
Temperature H of
liquid at the outlet
230. 73 ℃ 80 SCS(H alarm)
end of the front
pump of the electric
feedwater pump
Temperature H of
231. liquid
end of the electric
feedwater pump
Temperature H of
232. liquid
end of the electric
feedwater pump
Oil level at #1 small
233. engine
77 oil tank high mm 750 1500 DAS alarm
low
Oil level at #2 small
234. engine
78 oil tank high mm 750 1500 DAS alarm
low
Regulation oil
235. pressure
86 of #2 small Mpa 7.8 9.2 SCS(L alarm, 2/3 LL tripping)
equipment is low
Lubricating oil
236. pressure
87 (L) of #2 Mpa 0.1 SCS starting standby oil pump
small equipment
Lubricating oil
237. pressure
88 (LLL) of Mpa 0.04 SCS closing the turning's oil inlet
#2 small equipment
Lubricating oil
238. pressure
91 (LL) of #2 Mpa 0.07 SCS(2/3 pump tripping)
small equipment
Lubricating oil
SCS, allowing for starting steam
239. pressure
92 H of #1 MPa 0.08
pump
water feed pump
Lubricating oil
SCS, allowing for starting steam
240. pressure
94 H of #2 MPa 0.08
pump
water feed pump
Regulation oil
241. pressure
100 of #1 small Mpa 11 SCS, starting standby pump
equipment is low
242. Lubricating
101 oil Mpa 0.1 SCS, starting standby pump
177
pressure (L) of #1
small equipment
Lubricating oil
243. pressure
102 (LLL) of Mpa 0.04 SCS closing the turning's oil inlet
#1 small equipment
Lubricating oil
244. pressure
small equipment
Lubricating oil
245. pressure
small equipment
Temperature of the
SCS(H alarm, HH tripping small
246. thrust
109 bearing of #1 ℃ 100 110
equipment)
small equipment
Temperature of the
247. front
110 bearing of #1 ℃ 105 115
equipment)
small equipment
Temperature of the
248. rear
111 bearing of #1 ℃ 105 115
equipment)
small equipment
Temperature of the
249. thrust
112 bearing of #2 ℃ 100 110
equipment)
small equipment
Temperature of the
250. front
113 bearing of #2 ℃ 105 115
equipment)
small equipment
Temperature of the
251. rear
114 bearing of #2 ℃ 105 115
equipment)
small equipment
Rotation speed of
252. 115 r/min 6000 SCS tripping small machine
#1 small equipment
Rotation speed of
253. 116 r/min 6000 SCS tripping small machine
#2 small equipment
Vibration of front
shaft of #1 small SCS(H alarm, HH tripping small
254. 117 um 100 200
equipment high equipment)
high
Vibration of rear
255. 118 um 100 200
high
Vibration of front
256. shaft
119 of #1 steam um 100 200
equipment)
pump high high
Vibration of rear
257. shaft
120 of #1 steam um 100 200
equipment)
pump high high
Vibration of front
258. 121 um 100 200
high
Vibration of rear
259. 122 um 100 200
high
Vibration of front
260. shaft
123 of #2 steam um 100 200
equipment)
pump high high
Vibration of rear SCS(H alarm, HH tripping small
261. 124 um 100 200
shaft of #2 steam equipment)
178
pump high high

Axial displacement
of #1 small SCS(H/L alarm, HH/LL tripping
262. 125 mm -0.60 -0.5 0.3 0.4
equipment high small equipment)
high
Axial displacement
of #2 small SCS(H/L alarm, HH/LL tripping
263. 126 mm -0.60 -0.5 0.3 0.4
equipment high small equipment)
high
Back-rear pressure
difference (H) of #1
264. closed-type
1 MPa 0.06 Alarm, DAS
circulation pump
inlet water filter
Back-rear pressure
265. closed-type
circulation pump
inlet water filter
Pressure of
closed-type
266. 3 MPa 0.45 SCS, inter-starting standby pump
circulation water
header is low
Back-rear pressure
267. open-type
circulation water
filter
Back-rear pressure
268. open-type
circulation water
filter
Pressure of
open-type
269. 6 MPa 0.042 SCS, inter-starting standby pump
circulation water
header is low
Spray pressure of
270. low
1 pressure MPa 1 MCS, inter-closing
cylinder is low
271. Eccentricity
1 alarm mm 0.076 Alarm, DAS
Zero rotation speed
272. 2 r/min 1 Electrical, L start turning
of steam turbine
The rotation speed
273. of
3 the steam turbine r/min 3300 Tripping(DEH)
is high
The rotation speed
274. of
4 the steam turbine r/min 3300 Tripping (ETS two-out-of-three)
is high
Absolute vibration
275. of
6 #1~9 shafts is mm 0.127 0.254 H, alarm HH,ETS tripping
high
High pressure
276. cylinder
7 difference mm -4.46 -3.8 9.52 10.28 H,L alarm HH,LL,ETS tripping
expands
Low pressure
277. cylinder
8 difference mm -1.02 -0.26 15.24 16 H,L alarm HH,LL,ETS tripping
expands
Large axial
278. 9 mm -1.0 -0.9 0.9 1.0 H,L alarm HH,LL,ETS tripping
displacement
179
Return oil
temperature of the
279. 1 ℃ 65 82 H alarm, HH manual shutdown
#1 bearing of the
steam turbine
Return oil
temperature of the
#2 bearing of the
steam turbine
Return oil
temperature of the
thrust bearing of the
steam turbine
Return oil
temperature of the
#3 bearing of the
steam turbine
Return oil
temperature of the
#4 bearing of the
steam turbine
Return oil
temperature of the
#5 bearing of the
steam turbine
Return oil
temperature of the
#6 bearing of the
steam turbine
Return oil
temperature of the
#7 bearing of the
steam turbine
Return oil
temperature of the
#8 bearing of the
steam turbine
Return oil
temperature of the
collector ring's
bearing
Metal temperature
289. of
11 the #1 bearing of ℃ 107 113 H alarm, HH shutdown
the steam turbine
Metal temperature
290. of
the steam turbine
Metal temperature
291. of
the steam turbine
Metal temperature
292. of
the steam turbine
Metal temperature
293. of
15 the thrust bearing ℃ 99 107 H alarm, HH tripping
of the steam turbine
Metal temperature
294. of
the steam turbine
Metal temperature
295. 17 ℃ 107 113 H alarm, HH shutdown
of the #3 bearing of
180
the steam turbine

Metal temperature
296. of
the steam turbine
Metal temperature
297. of
the steam turbine
Metal temperature
298. of
the steam turbine
Metal temperature
299. of
the steam turbine
Metal temperature
300. of
the steam turbine
Metal temperature
301. of
the steam turbine
Metal temperature
of the #7 bearing
Metal temperature
of the #8 bearing
Metal temperature
304. of
26 the collector ℃ 107 113 H alarm, HH shutdown
ring's bearing
Temperature
difference between
the inner wall and
305. outer
27 wall of the ℃ 42 H alarm
shell of the
adjustment valve
chamber (left side)
Temperature
difference between
the inner wall and
306. outer
28 wall of the ℃ 42 H alarm
shell of the
adjustment valve
chamber (right side)
Metal temperature
of regulation stage
(temperature
difference between
the upper and the
lower)
Steam temperature
of high pressure
308. relief
30 valve (the left ℃ 400 427 H alarm, HH shutdown
side at the upper
half)
Steam temperature
of high pressure
309. relief
31 valve (the ℃ 400 427 H alarm, HH shutdown
right side at the
upper half)
Metal temperature
of high pressure
relief valve
(temperature
181
difference between
the left and the right
at the upper half)
Metal temperature
of intermediate
pressure relief valve
311. (temperature
33 ℃ 42 50 H alarm, HH manual shutdown
difference between
the upper and the
lower)
Metal temperature
of intermediate
pressure inlet valve
312. (temperature
34 ℃ 42 50 H alarm, HH manual shutdown
difference between
the upper and the
lower)
Temperature
difference between
the inner wall metal
and outer wall metal
313. 35 ℃ 42 H alarm
of the intermediate
pressure adjustment
valve's shell (left
side)
Temperature
difference between
314. 36 ℃ 42 H alarm
of the intermediate
pressure adjustment
valve's shell (right
side)
Temperature
difference between
of the high-pressure
outer cylinder
Temperature
difference between
316. and
38 outer wall metal ℃ 42 H alarm
of the main stop
valve's shell (left
side)
Temperature
difference between
317. and
39 outer wall metal ℃ 42 H alarm
of the main stop
valve's shell (right
side)
182

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Centralized Control Main Equipment Operating Procedures Version II PDF

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1X660MW Coal-fired Unit of Phase II Project

of Cilacap Power Plant in Indonesia

Centralized Control Main

Release Date: October 20th, 2016

Second Edition Description

The Procedures is:

D&C Department of Operation Maintenance,Cilacap

1.1 Overview of Boiler Unit.................................................................................................... 1

Chapter II Unit Specifications ........................................................................... 6

2.1 Specifications of Boil Unit and Fuel Characteristics ........................................................ 6

Chapter III Unit Control System ...................................................................... 19

3.1 Overview of DCS System of Unit ................................................................................... 19

Chapter IV Main Protections for Steam Turbine............................................ 24

4.1 ETS Protection and Interlocking for Steam Turbine ....................................................... 24

Chapter V Overall Startup of Unit .................................................................. 30

5.1 Startup Regulations and Requirements ........................................................................... 30

Chapter VI Unit Normal Operation and Adjustment .................................... 64

6.1 Unit Operation Mode ...................................................................................................... 64

Chapter VII Unit Shutdown .............................................................................. 87

7.1 Preparation before Unit Shutdown .................................................................................. 87

Chapter VIII Maintenance after Unit Shutdown ............................................ 97

8.1 Maintenance after Boiler Shutdown ................................................................................ 97

Chapter IX Accident Handling ......................................................................... 99

9.1 Principles for Handling Accidents................................................................................... 99

Chapter X Appendixes.................................................................................... 145

10.1 Appendix I: Cold Start Curve of Boiler ........................................................................ 145

Chapter I Overview of Unit Equipment

Center line of boiler

Side overfire air Side overfire air

Front Furnace Rear

Burner at Layer C and E

Burner at Layer D and B

Burner at Layer F and A

Primary and secondaryattemperating water of superheater

Front wrapped wall of convection flue gas pass

1.2 Overview of Turbine Equipment

1.2.1 Arrangement of HP regulating valve:

Regulation steam valve

Regulation steam valve-main steam pipe-nozzle block arrangement

1.2.2 Critical speed of turbine generator unit

1.3 Overview of Generator Unit

Chapter II Unit Specifications

2.1.2 Requirements for boiler steam

2.1.4 Fuel characteristics

Items Unit Data

2.1.5 Relevant technical specifications for heating surface of boiler

reheater Pipe Diameter mm Ф50.8×4, Ф57×4.5

2.1.6 Combustion equipment

2.1.7 Safety valve parameters

2.2 Parameters of steam turbine equipment

Note: TRL-nameplate condition; TMCR-acceptance conditions of heat consumption guarantee

THA-thermal loss acceptance;

2.3 Specifications for Generator and Excitation System Equipment

Cooling water consumption (total of two groups

2.3.2 Specifications of excitation system

Regulating precision <0.5% Weight (kg) About 600kg

Chapter III Unit Control System

3.2 Unit Control Mode

following situations occur:

Chapter IV Main Protections for Steam Turbine

4.1.2 METS protection for BFP turbine

4.1.3 Interlocking protection for oil system of steam turbine

4.2 MFT Protection for Boiler