Neogene Planktonic Foraminifera of the Caleta Herradura de Mejillones Section in

Northern Chile: Biostratigraphy and Paleoceanographic Implications

Masako Ibaraki

Micropaleontology, Vol. 47, No. 3. (Autumn, 2001), pp. 257-267.

Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0026-2803%28200123%2947%3A3%3C257%3ANPFOTC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D

Micropaleontology is currently published by The Micropaleontology Project, Inc..

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at
http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained
prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in
the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use.

Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at
http://www.jstor.org/journals/microp.html.

Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed
page of such transmission.

The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic
journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers,
and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take
advantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.

http://www.jstor.org
Sun Jul 29 21:54:30 2007
 Neogene planktonic foraminifera of the Caleta Herradura de
~ejillonessection in northern Chile: Biostratigraphy and
paleoceanographic implications
Masako Ibaraki
Department of Biology and Geosciences, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
email: sbmibar@ipc.shizuoka.ac.jp

ABSTRACT: A well-exposed sequence of the Caleta Herradura de Mejillones section on the Pacific coast of northern Chile includes ho-
rizons of planktonic foraminiferal Zones N7 to N17 of Early to Late Miocene age. Successive appearances of species of the
Praeorbulina-Orbulinalineage occur in the rich planktonic foraminiferal assemblage. An abrupt assemblage change in the basal part of
Middle Miocene Zone N10 is marked by abundant Globigerinita glufinata, which continues through most of Zone N10, and suggests
upwelling conditions in the surrounding seas during this time.

INTRODUCTION On the coast of Caleta Herradura de Mejillones, marine se-

Neogene sedimentary basins on the Pacific coast of South
America are scattered in their distribution (text-fig. 1). In south-
ern Ecuador, Peru and northern Chile, biosiliceous sediments
have accumulated in these basins under the influence of strong
coastal upwelling in the Middle to Late Miocene and in the
Pliocene (Ibaraki 1992a,b). The coast of Caleta Herradura de
Mejillones in northern Chile has one of the reference sections
that enables the establishment of a standard Neogene biostrati-
graphy for the Pacific coast of South America. A preliminary
report of planktonic foraminifera from the Caleta Herradura de
Mejillones section has been made (Ibaraki 1990a). In 1990, ad-
ditional samples of planktonic foraminifera were obtained from
this section. The planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the
section as derived from the total available samples and the
paleoceanographic implications of the assemblages are pre-
sented here.
GEOLOGICAL SETTING
The coast of Caleta Herradura de Mejillones is located along
the north side of the Mejillones Peninsula, about 50 krn north of
Antofagasta, northern Chile (text-fig. 1). Field work was car-
ried out in 1986, 1988 and 1990 in collaboration with Prof.
Ruben Martinez-Pardo of the University of Chile and other
Chilean colleagues, and supported by the Monbusho Interna-
tional Scientific Research Program of Japan. Summaries of the
studies are presented in the series of the Reports of Andean
Studies of Shizuoka University (Tsuchi, ed. 1988, 1990 and
1992).
Neogene marine sequences in Chile are exposed, from north to
south, in areas of Mejillones, Caldera, Coquinbo, Navidad,
Arauco, Temuco and Valdivia, respectively. Occurrences of
planktonic and benthic foraminifera and calcareous nanno-
plankton of some sequences have been described by Marti-
nez-Pardo (1968,1990), and those of planktonic foraminifera
were studied by Ibaraki (Tsuchi, ed. 1988, 1990 and 1992;
Ibaraki 1990a, 1992a, 1992b, 1992~).
quences from Early Miocene to Early Pliocene in age are con-
tinuously exposed on a long and lunate sea cliff, where they
unconformably overlie a Jurassic complex. The Neogene se-
quence, which attains 280 meters in total thickness and dips
gently southwestward, consists mainly of fine calcareous sand-
stone with some intercalations of silty sandstone, calcareous
layers, conglomeratic lenses, alternating sandstone and silt-
stone, and diatomaceous layers in the top part. These deposits
are unconformably overlain by Pliocene-Pleistocene marine
diatomaceous sediments (text-fig. 2).
MATERIAL AND METHOD
Planktonic foraminifera were obtained from the treatment of 72
rock samples (text-fig. 2). Dried rock samples of about 100 g
each were crushed and treated by the Glauber's salt method
(Kirchner 1958). Samples were washed through a 200-mesh
screen and dried in an oven. Planktonic foraminiferal specimens
larger than 0.125mm were picked from the washed residue, and
the frequency of occurrence of each species was calculated.
The ratio of tropical and subtropical planktonic foraminiferal
taxa to the total planktonic foraminiferal population was calcu-
lated for each sample. The warm-water species recognized here
are: Globigerinoides spp., Globoquadrina spp., Globoturbo-
rotalita druryi, Globoturborotalita decoraperta, Globoturbo-
rotalita nepenthes, Globorotalia archeomenardii, Globorotalia
birnageae, Globorotalia menardii, Globorotalia praemenardii,
Neogloboquadrina siakensis, Globorotaloides hexagona, Cat-
apsydrax stainforthi and Sphaeroidinellopsis spp. These species
have been regarded as characteristic of tropical and subtropical
areas (Kennett and Srinivasan 1983).
A detailed examination of the evolutionary appearance of the
Orbulina series was made. This included the species of
Praeorbulina glomerosa curva, Praeorbulina glomerosa
glomerosa, Praeorbulina glomerosa circularis, and Orbulina
suturalis.

rnicropaleontology,vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 257-267, text-figures 1-8,plate 1, table 1,2001 257
Masako Ibaraki: Neogene planktonic foraminifera of the Caleta Herradura de Mejillones sectiotz ilz northerlz Chile
ECUA
TEXT-FIGURE 1
Location of the Mejillones study area and distribution of Cenozoic ma-
rine sequences(hachured) on the Pacific coast of South America and the
Caribbean coast of Colombia.
The biostratigraphic zonation utilized here is that of Blow
(1969), and chronologic calibration of Blow's zones are based
on Berggren et al. (1995).
PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY
AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
Eighty-one species and subspecies of planktonic foraminifera
were obtained from 42 horizons of the Caleta Herradura de
Mejillones section (table 1). Stratigraphic positions of those 42
horizons are indicated in text-figures 2 and 3. Planktonic
foraminifera are especially abundant in the middle part of the
section, which is the latest Early Miocene to the earliest Middle
Miocene in age. Globigerina is abundant throughout the section
(text-fig. 4). Planktonic foraminiferal Zones N7, N8a, N8b, N9,
N10, N14, and N17b were recognized (text-fig. 3).
The last occurrence of Catapsydr-ax stainforthi, which became
extinct in Zone N7, is recognized in Sample 88-3-5. The first
occurrence of Globiger-inoidessicanus in Sample 86-3-9, is as-
signed to the base of Subzone N8a of the latest Early Miocene
(16.4 Ma). Therefore, the lower sequences are assignable to
Zone N7 of the Early Miocene. Globorotalia binzageae, ranges
upward from Zone N7 and Globorotalia incognita, disappears
within it; the planktonic foraminiferal components are domi-
nated by Globigerina spp., such as Globigerina falconensis and
Globigerina praebulloides. The first occurrence of the
Praeorb~ilina glomerosa group is recognized in Sample
90-3-17, which is assignable to the base of Subzone Ngb(16.1
Ma). In Subzone N8a, Globigerina, Globigerinoides and
Globigeritzita spp. are abundant. In Subzone N8b, the
warm-water dwellers, Globoturborotalita druryi and Globo-
tur-borotalita decoraperta, are abundant, whereas, Globi-
ger-itzoides spp. are decreased in number and Globigeritzita
gl~itinatais scarce (text-fig. 5). The base of Zone N9 is placed at
Sample 90-3-19 by the first occurrence of Orbulina suturalis.
In this section, evolutionary appearances of Or-bulina suturalis
from Globigerinoides sicanus to Orbulina universa through
Praeor-bulina spp, are well represented. In Sample 90-3-17,
Globiger-inoidessicanus, Praeor-bulina glomer-osa cunla,and P.
glonlerosa glonler-osa are found. In the horizon just above, the
first appearance of Praeor-bulina glonlerosa cir-cularis is recog-
nized. In Sample 90-3-19, the horizon four meters higher than
86-3- 10, the first appearance of Orb~ilitzasuturalis is found.
Sample 88-3-8, the horizon three meters higher than Sample
90-3- 19, contains Globigerinoides sicanus, Praeorbulina spp.,
Or-bulina suturalis, and 0 . unit,ersa. In Sample 90-3-20, one
meter above the former sample, Globigerinoides sicanus and
PI-aeorbulinaspp. are absent. Turnover of these species has oc-
curred within seven meters of the section (text-fig. 6).
The evolutionary appearance of Orbulina was first recognized
in the Cipero and Brasso formations of Trinidad (Blow 1956).
Subsequently, it was recorded throughout the world (Jenkins
197 1). However, this first evolutionary appearance datum is dif-
ficult to determine in DSDP sites due to the sensitivity of
Orbulina to dissolution and to its sporadic occurrence (Saito
1985). In the Caleta Herradura de Mejillones section, it will be
possible to clarify details of the successive evolutionary appear-
ance of the Globigerinoides sicanus-Orbulina suturalis lineage
by means of closely spaced sampling.
The base of Zone N10 is placed at Sample 90-3-20 by the disap-
pearances of both the Praeorbulina glomerosa group and
Globigerinoides sicanus in this sample (text-fig. 6). The upper
part of Zone N l 0 is placed at Sample 90-3-24 by the occurrence
of Globorotalia peripheroronda in this sample. In Zone N10,
planktonic foraminifera are few. The specific composition
changes remarkably in the basal part of Zone N10.
Planktonic foraminifera could not be obtained from about 10
meters of alternating sandstone and siltstone in the sequence
above Sample 86-3-24. This interval may contain the strati-
graphic equivalent of Zones N l 1-N 13.
The first occurrence of Globoturborotalita nepenthes is recog-
nized in Sample 86-3-13, which is assigned to the base of Zone
N 14 of the latest Middle Miocene (1 1.8 Ma). The top of Zone
N14 is placed at Sample 86-3-15 by the last occurrence of
 Micropaleontology, vol. 47, no. 3,2001

Caleta Herradura de Mejillones section

layer

1: : : : : /+!I\!
.....
.. @ ~ a l c a r e o u slayer

.. .. .. .. .. Sand p i p e
. *. . *. ..
.. .. ...... Molluscan she1 I s
.. .. .. .. ..
..... Ba l anus
.....
Laminated c l a y or
diatomite
Si I tstone

(r Sandy silt

0Sandstone
m Cross-lami
sandstone
nated

Layered sandstone

Pebble and cobble

Angular gravel

TEXT-FIGURE 2
Lithostratigraphic column and sample horizons of the Caleta Herradura de Mejillones section.
Masuko Ihuraki: Neogene planktonicforan1itz~eraofthe Caleta Herradura de Mejillones section in northern Chile

Mejil lones section Selected planktonic foraminifera

Sarnp l e Zone Age

m
e
X
.-
a
-
N 7 i

TEXT-FIGURE 3
Stratigraphic ranges of select planktonic foraminifera1 species and biostratigraphy of the Caleta Herradura de Mejillones section.
 Micropaleontology,vol. 47, no. 3,2001

Sample X
Zone Age
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

*---• Globigen'nm4(des Globigennita

~ / ~ b ~ t ~ & ~ ta
t ~ f iWarm-water
~ dwellers

TEXT-FIGURE 4
Percent frequency of wm-water dwellers relative to the total assem-
blage and to Globigerinoides,Globigerinita and GIoboturborotalitain
the Caleta Herradura de Mejillones section.
TEXT-FIGURE 5
Percentages of Globigerina, Globigerinoides, Globigerinita and
Wmn-Water dwellers in planktonic foraminiferal assembalges in each
sample of Zones N8 through N10 in the Caleta Herradura de Mejillones
section.

Neogloboquadrina siakensis. In Zone N14, planktonic
foraminifera are few and benthic foraminifera become abun-
dant. Globoturborotalita spp. consist of warm-water dwellers
such as Globoturborotalita decoraperta, Globoturborotalita
druryi and Globoturborotalita nepenthes.
No planktonic foraminifera are obtained in the '40 m interval
between Samples 86-3-15 and 86-3-17. Zones N15, N16 and
Subzone N17a may have been included in this interval.
The base of Subzone N17b is recognized in Sample 86-3-17,
based on occurrences of Globigerinoides bulloides, ranging
from Zone N17b to N18, and Globorotalia merotumida and
Globorotalia juanai, ranging from N16 to N18. Globoturbo-
rotalita nepenthes, ranging from Zones N14 to N19, is abundant
in Sample 90-3-27.
NEOGENE MARINE PALEOENVIRONMENT OF
NORTHERN CHILE
At the present time, the area off Peru is a typical coastal
upwelling region, where diatomaceous sediments are extensive
due to high productivity. Diatomaceous layers were fmt inter-
calated in the lower Miocene sequences of the Salinas section in
central Peru (Ibaraki 1992b). The coastal upwelling off Peru is,
therefore, considered to have commenced in the Early Miocene
(text-fig. 8). The lower Miocene sequences of the Chilean
Caleta Heradula de Mejillones section contain no diatomaceous
layers and have a rich warm-water assemblage of planktonic
foraminifera. On the coast of northern Chile, therefore, coastal
upwelling had little influence in early Miocene time.
In southern Peru, the lowest Middle Miocene sequences contain
a dominantly warm-water planktonic foraminiferal assemblage
and a rich assemblage of tropical miogypsinid larger foram-
inifera in calcareous facies of the Camana Formation (Ibaraki
1992b). The early Middle Miocene sequence of the Caleta
Herradura de Mejillones section contains an abundant warm-
water assemblage of diverse species (text-fig. 7). Thus, the Pe-
ruvian coastal upwelling was interrupted and the coasts of
northern Chile and Peru were temporally under an influence of
warm-water conditions in the earliest Middle Miocene.
Musako Iburuki: Neogene plarlkrorlic fo~.unziniferaofthe Caleta Herradura de Mejillones section in northern Chile

Sample Zone Age

0 10 20 30 40 50
90-3-27

86-3-1 7

86-3-1 3

86-3-12

90-3-23

90-3-22 /

- Number of species
90 100
e* Warm-water dwellers

TEXT-FIGURE 7
Number of species of planktonic foraminifera and the percent frequency
of warm-water dwellers relative to the total assemblage in the Caleta
Herradura de Mejillones section.

0 Sandstone Conglomerate Miocene, both coastal areas of northern Chile and Peru came
under the influence of coastal upwelling. Thus, the coastal
a Co~ina a Si Silty Sandstone upwelling areas expanded southward in Middle Miocene time.

Zone N14 of the uppermost Middle Miocene sequences of the

TEXT-FIGURE 6
Evolutionary appearance of Orbulina suturalis in the Caleta Herradura Caleta Herradula de Mejillones section contains rich warm-
de Mejillones section. water planktonic foraminifera. Northern Chile was again under
the influence of warm-water conditions, and upwelling was lim-
ited to off the coast of Peru.

In the Middle Miocene sequence of the Caleta Herradula de
Mejillones section, the planktonic foraminiferal composition
changes remarkably in the basal part of Zone N10 (text-fig. 5).
Specimens of Globigerinoides decrease and those of Globi-
gerinita glutinata increase their representation, suggesting
upwelling conditions in the area. The subsequent strata, repre-
senting Middle Miocene Zones N 11, N 12, and N 13, contain no
planktonic foraminifera. Paleoceanographic conditions are ob-
scure during this time. Corresponding sequences of the coastal
area of Peru are composed mostly of marine diatomaceous
mudstone, containing no planktonic foraminifera. In the Middle
In the upper Miocene sequences of the Caleta Herradula de
Mejillones section, the warm-water elements increase in Sub-
zone N17b, but specific components are few. In central Chile,
the Punta Perro section contains an abundant warm-water as-
semblage (Ibaraki 1 9 9 2 ~ ) .Planktonic foraminiferal assem-
blages are characterized by abundant Globoturborotalita
nepenthes and Globorotalia menardii. At this time, no coastal
upwelling condition is recognized in Chile. In Peru, on the other
hand, the upper Miocene sequences of the Loma Cuest
Chilcatay and ODP samples of Site 684 consist mostly of
diatomaceous siltstone, with intercalations of calcareous layers,
 Micropaleontology, vol. 47, no. 3,2001

which include planktonic foraminifera. Planktonic foraminifera Peru Chile

o f those sections consist o f warm-water and eurythermal dwell- I
ers, with a few cold-water elements (Ibaraki 1 9 9 2 ~ )Thus,
.
Pisco
coastal upwelling at that time is considered to have been tempo-
rally weak.
C. H. Mej i l lones
The Caleta Herradura de Mejillones section is unconformably
overlain by diatomaceous sediments. At their base, the
diatomaceous sediments are assignable to Zones NN12-15
(=Zone N19) o f the Pliocene by means o f calcareous nanno-
plankton (Tsuchi et al. 1988). No planktonic foraminifera are
found in the sequences. Nav idad
Lorna Cuesta
Upper Pliocene-Pleistocene sequences from coastal areas o f Chi lcatay
Chile and Peru consist mainly o f biosiliceous sediments result-
ing from increased coastal upwelling. Planktonic foraminifera ......
occur in some horizons o f Zones N21-N22, in Bayovar in north- ......
......
......
......
ern Peru, as well as Cuenca der Tibron, coastal Mejillones and ......
......
Quebrada Blanca in northern Chile. In the Cuenca der Tibron ......
n.;. 0.
section, the horizon o f Zone N2 1 o f the upper Pliocene contains .....
......
warm-water planktonic foraminifera. On the Coast o f
Rio Grande
Mejillones, Zone N22 o f the Pleistocene consists o f dold water
-------------
----
and eurythermal faunal elements rather than warm-water dwell-
ers. During the late Pliocene-Pleistocene, northern Chile and
Peru were under the influence o f coastal upwelling, and the wa- -.-. .--. .-.
.-.-.-.-.-.
ter temperature fluctuated (Ibaraki 1992b).
-Y_-v-v -
CONCLUSIONS .--. -.-.-.
......
Based on the planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, Zones ......
-. -. .-.-. .-
N7, N8a, N8b, N9, N10, N14, and N17b are recognized in the Carnana
Caleta Herradura de Mejillones section in northern Chile.
Cero Las
The evolutionary appearance o f Orbulina suturalis from Globi- Sa l i nas
gerinoides sicanus through Praeorbulina spp. follows through
a successive sequence.
Based on planktonic foraminiferal assemblages, the following
paleoenvironmental changes are recognized in northern Chile.
( 1 ) In the Early Miocene to the earliest Middle Miocene
(N7-N9),coastal areas o f northern Chile were under the influ- a Diatomaceous rnudstone
ence o f warm-water conditions.
Si ltstone
(2)Inthe Middle Miocene (NlO),the north coast o f Chile came .V.. .V. ..v.
under the influence o f coastal upwelling. The planktonic 22 + -V .v / Sandstone
foraminiferal composition changes remarkably in Zone N10.
The nature o f Zones Nll-N13 is obscure, because no plank- a Tuff

tonic foraminifera have been observed. Limestone

( 3 ) In the latest Middle Miocene (N14), the coastal area o f

northern Chile was under the influence o f warm-water condi-
tions, based on the abundance o f Globot~~rborotalita
nepenthes.
( 4 ) In the Late Miocene (N17b),the coastal area o f northern
Chile is under the influence o f warm-water conditions. At this
time, coastal upwelling is considered to have been temporally
weak. In central Chile, the Navidad Formation o f the Late Mio-
cene age contains warm-water planktonic foraminifera and
mollusks.
( 5 ) During the late Pliocene-Pleistocene, northern Chile was
under the influence o f strong coastal upwelling. Biosiliceous
sediments were deposited, but sea-water temperatures fluctu-
ated.
( 6 ) During the Neogene, paleoenvironmental changes o f sur-
face marine climate have so far been known in other Pacific ar-
TEXT-FIGURE 8
Correlation chart of selected marine Neogene sequences in Peru and
Chile, on the Pacific coast of South America.
eas as follows: In the earliest Middle Miocene, Zone N8b, a
warm events have been examined in most o f Japan by means o f
planktonic and larger foraminifers (Ibaraki 1990b) and mol-
lusks, and in New Zealand by utilizing larger foraminifers
(Hornibrook 1992), as well as the Camana Formation in Peru,
which have collectively been called as the mid-Neogene clima-
tic optimum (Tsuchi 1997). In the Middle Miocene, Zones
N10-N13, coastal upwelling became active in Peru and com-
menced in California (Maruyama 2000). Cooling climates in the
duration have also been ascertained in Japan and in New Zea-
land. In the latest Middle Miocene, Zone N14, warm episodes
Masako Iharaki: Neogene planktonicforamitzifera ofthe Caleta Herradura de Mejillones section in northern Chile
TABLE 1
Distribution of planktonic foraminifera in the Caleta Herradura de Mejillones section. *=under 50 specimens in total assemblage. ( )specimens numbers
in rock samples of 100g.
have been examined in Japan by means of planktonic
foraminifers. In the early Late Miocene, Zones N15-N16,
coastal upwelling had been continuing in Peru and California.
In the latest Late Miocene, Zone N17b, warm episodes have
been examined in siliceous sequences of Peru and in the
Navidad Formation in central Chile by means of planktonic
foraminifera (Ibaraki 1990c), and based on subtropical mol-
lusks( Covacevich and Fassinetti, 1980). Warm episodes in the
duration can also be examined in the Northeast Pacific by utiliz-
ing diatoms and planktonic foraminifera (Keller 1980, 1981;
Barron and Keller 1983), and on the Pacific coast of Southwest
Japan by means of planktonic foraminifera.
Considering those surface marine climatic events in the other
Pacific areas, Neogene paleoenvironmental changes in northern
Chile seem to be harmony with those in the Pacific region.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Field work in Peru and Chile was carried out in 1985-1986,
1988, and 1990 with the collaboration of colleagues from both
countries. The author expresses her cordial thanks for their kind
guidance and cooperation in the field. The author is grateful to
Prof. J. Resig, the University of Hawaii, Dr. W.A. Berggren, the
State University of New Jersey, Dr. B. T. Huber, the Smithso-
nian National Museum of Natural History, and Dr. R. Tsuchi,
Professor Emeritus of Shizuoka University for their kind re-
views of the manuscript. I also thank the staff of "Pacific Neo-
gene events in Japan and South American" project party.
REFERENCES
BARRON, J. A. and KELLER, G,, 1983. Paleotemperature oscillations
in the Middle and Late Miocene of the Northeastern Pacific.
Micropaleontology, 29: 150-18 1.
BERGGREN, W.A., HILGEN, F.J.,LANGEREIS, C.G., KENT, D.V.,
OBRADOVICH, J.D., ISABELLA, R. RAYMO, M.E., and
SHACKLETON, N.J., 1995. Cenzoic geochronology. Geological
Society of American Bulletin, 107: 1272-1287.
BLOW, W. H., 1956. Origin and evolution of the foraminifera1 genus
Orbulina d'orbigny. Micropaleontology, 2: 57-70.
, 1969. Late middle Eocene to Recent planktonic foraminifera1
biostratigraphy. In Bronnimann, P. and Renz, H. H., Eds., First Inter-
national Conference on Planktonic Microfossils, Geneva, 1967,Pro-
ceedings 1: p. 199-422.

COVACEVICH, V. and FRASSINETTI, D., 1980. El genero Ficus en el
Mioceno de Chile central con description de F. gayama sp.
nov.,Gastropoda: Ficidae. Bol. Mus. Mac. Hist. Nat. Chile, 37:
281-194.
HORNIBROOK, H. de B., 1992. New Zealand Cenozoic marine
paleoclimates: A review based on the distribution of some shallow
water and terrestrial biota. In: Tsuchi, R. and Ingle, J.C., Eds., Pacific
Neogene - Environment, Evolution and Events, University Tokyo
Press, 83-106.
IBARAKI, M., 1990a. Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the
Neogene of Caleta Herradura de Mejillones, north Chile. In: Tsuchi,
R., Ed., Reports of Andean studies, Shizuoka University, Special
Volume, 3: 9-16.
,1990b. Neogene planktonic foraminifera and events in Japan.
Paleogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 77(3/4):
335-343.
, 1992a. Geologic age of biosiliceous sediments in Peru and
Chile based upon planktonic foraminifera. Revista Geologica de
Chile, 19: 61-66.
, 1992b. Neogene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy on
the coast of Peru and its paleoceanographic implications. In: Tsuchi,
Micropaleontology, vol. 47, no. 3,2001
R. and Ingle, J. C., Eds., Pacific Neogene - Environment, Evolution
and Events, University Tokyo Press, 7 1-81.
, 1992c. Planktonic foraminifera from the Navidad Formation,
Chile: Their geologic age and paleoceanographic implications. In:
Ishizaki, K. and Saito, T., Eds., Centenary of Japanese Micro-
paleontology. Tokyo: Terra Scientific Publishing Company, pp.
91-95.
JENKINS, D.G., 1971. New Zealand Cenozoic planktonic foraminifera.
New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin, 42: 1-278.
KELLER, G., 1980. Middle to Late Miocene planktonic foraminiferal
datum levels and paleoceanography of the north and southeastern Pa-
cific Ocean. Marine Miocropaleontology, 5: 249-281.
, 1981. Miocene biochronology and paleoceanography of the
North Pacific: Integration of quantitative planktonic foraminiferal
studies microplankton biostratigraphy and oxygen isotope data. Ma-
rine Micropaleontology, 6: 535-55 1.
KENNETT, J.P. and SRINIVASAN, M.S. 1983. Neogene planktonic
foraminifera, A phylogenetic atlas. Hutchinson Ross Publishing
Company, 265p.
Mnsnko IharaXi: Neogene planktonic forunzinifera of the Caleta Herradura de Mejillones section in northern Chile
KIRCHNER, Z.M., 1958. A new method of hard-rock maceration.
Micropaleontology, 4: 327-328.
MARUYAMA, T., 2000. Middle Miocene to Pleistocene diatom stratig-
raphy of Leg 167. In: Lyle, M., Koizumi, I., Richter, C. andMoore, T.
C., Jr. ,Eds, Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Project, Scientific Re-
sults, 167: 63-1 10.
MARTINEZ-PARDO, R., 1968. Zonacion preliminar del Terciario de
Chile Central mediante foraminiferos planctonicos y su correlacion
regional y transcontinental. In: Cecioni, G. , Ed., Symposio Terciario
de Chile, Zona Central. Andres Bello, Santiago, p. 191-203.
, 1990. Major Neogene events of Southeastern Pacific: the Chil-
ean and Peruvian record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,
Palaeoecology, 77: 263-278.
SAITO, T., 1985. Planktonic foraminifera1 biostratigraphy of eastern
equatorial Pacific sediments, Deep Sea Drilling Project 85. In
PLATE 1
scale bar=100pm
1 Globoturborotalita druryi (Akers), a. umbilical, b.
spiral view of specimens from sample Ch88-3-12.
2 Globoturborotalita nepenthes (Todd), a. umbilical, b.
spiral view of specimens from sample Ch86-3-17.
3 Globigerinoides sicanus De Stefani, umbilical view
of specimen from sample Ch86-3-10.
4 Praeorbulina glomerosa glomerosa (Blow), umbili-
cal view of specimen from sample Ch86-3-10.
5 Praeorbulina glomerosa circularis (Blow), umbilical
view of specimen from sample Ch86-3-10.
6 Orbulina suturalis Bronnimann, specimen from sam-
ple Ch88-3-8.
Mayers, F., et al., Eds., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling
Project, 85. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, pp.
621-653.
TSUCHI, R., Ed., 1988. Reports of Andean Studies, Shizuoka Univer-
sity, Special Volume 2: Trans-Pacific correlation of Cenozoic
geohistory, 108p.
, 1990. Reports of Andean Studies, Shizuoka University, Special
volume 3: Trans-Pacific correlation of Neogene geologic events,
77p.
, 1992. Reports of Andean Studies, Shizuoka University, Special
Volume 4: Pacific Neogene events in Japan and South America,
Their timing and nature, 50p.
, 1997.Marine climatic responses to Neogene tectonics of the Pa-
cific Ocean seaways. Tectonophysics, 28 l : 113-124.
Manuscript received March 27, 2001
Manuscript accepted July 3, 2001
7 Globoquadrina dehiscens dehiscens (Chapman, Parr,
and Colins), a. umbilical, b. spiral view of specimens
of from sample Ch86-3-17.
8 Globorotalia peripheroronda Blow and Banner,
a.umbilical, b. spiral view of specimens from sample
Ch88-3-8.
9 Neogloboquadrina siakensis (LeRoy), a. umbilical, b.
spiral view of specimens from smple Ch86-3-6.
10 Globorotalia birnageae Blow, a. umbilical, b. spiral
view of specimens from sample Ch88-3-4.
11 Catapsydrax stainforthi Bolli, Loeblich and Tappan,
a. umbilical, b. spiral view of specimens from sample
Ch88-3-4.
Masako Ibaraki Plate I

rnicropaleontology, vol. 47. no. 3,2001 267