PROVERBSVILLE SCHOOL INC.

Angeles City/City of San Fernando

SUMMER 2019

English
Reinforcement
April 22 – May 06, 2019

Name: ______________________________________________________

Year and Section: ____________________________________________

Time: ______________________________________________________

ATTENDANCE CHART

April 22 April 23 April 24 April 25 April 26

April 29 April 30 May 02 May 03 May 06

 LESSON 1: Context Clues
Context clues indicate which of the possible meanings of words is intended by the
writer or speaker.

TYPES OF CONTEXT CLUES:

1. Definition – a writer will directly define a word especially if it is technical that is

TYPES
probablyOF CONTEXT
unfamiliar CLUES:
to the reader.
EXAMPLE: You must try to fulfil your oath because it is a promise.
1. Definition – a writer will directly define a word especially if it is technical that
is2.probably unfamiliar
Restatement to the
- A writer willreader.
restate the meaning of a word in a less precise form than
a dictionary definition.
EXAMPLE: You must try to fulfil your oath because it is a promise.
EXAMPLE: The result of the investigation is unpredictable; No one knows
what the result
2. Restatement will be.
- A writer will restate the meaning of a word in a less precise form
than a dictionary definition.
3. Example – a writerThe
EXAMPLE: often provide
result examples
of the that unlock
investigation the meaning ofNo
is unpredictable; an one
unfamiliar
knows
word.
what the result will be.
EXAMPLE: She went into seclusion, No one came to see her, and she refused
to see anyone.
3. Example – a writer often provide examples that unlock the meaning of an
unfamiliar
4. Comparisonword.– a writer compares the word with others, more familiar words. By
notingEXAMPLE:
the similaritiesShe went the
between intothings
seclusion, No one
described, you came
can gettoan
see her,
idea ofand she
the meaning
of the refused to word.
unfamiliar see anyone.
EXAMPLE: This bike route seems as arduous as the one in the Rocky
4. Comparison – a writer compares the word with others, more familiar words. By
Mountains.

5. Contrast – Context may also help reveal the meaning of a word through contrast.
SUMMARY:
ContextEXAMPLE:
clues refer Maria
to the was lethargic
words in school,
or sentences but she
before was aabundle
or after certainofword
energy at
that
cheer leading
help explain practice.
what the word means. There are several types of context clues you
can look for, including definition and restatement, example, comparison, contrast,
6. Cause and Effect - The cause of an action or event may be stated using an
and cause and effect.
unfamiliar word. If, however, the effect is stated in familiar terms, it can help you
understand an unfamiliar word.
EXAMPLE: Because Tessa was a negligent person, her younger brother
wandered off & fell into the river.

GUIDED ACTIVITY:
Identify the meaning of the underlined words.

1. The new music was dissonant, that is, it sounded harsh and incomplete.
2. John sat at the periphery of the audience, as far away from the stage as possible.
3. Writers use many literary genres, such as poetry, the short story, and the novel, to
express their ideas.
4. I don’t care whether you call him a caveman, troglodyte, Neanderthal, or barbarian.
5. Spanish noblemen lived in large estates called encomiendas.
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY:
Identify the meaning of the underlined words. Write your answer on the space
provided before each number.

_____________1. This is a difficult experiment that requires careful performance.

You will not be able to get correct result if you do it in a haphazard manner.
_____________2. There was a general exodus from the room when the alarm
sounded; all the students left.
_____________3. Because he is always boasting, he is known as a braggart.
_____________4. We must enter holy places with reverence.
_____________5. The infirm old man was confined in bed and looked after by a
nurse.
_____________6. The contortion in his face showed that he was in pain.
_____________7. I am usually haphazard in composing my poetry but they turn
out so well anyway.
_____________8. If you are ambivalent with answers, analyze the given problem.
_____________9. Diskettes and CDs are going obsolete.
_____________10. This is a clandestine operation. It is extremely important that
no one discovers what you’re doing!
_____________11. I looked at the plans for your new house. This is an earthquake
country. You need to fortify the frame or you’ll have a disaster with the first
tremor.
_____________12. If you don't curtail your spending, you'll be broke in no time at
all!
_____________13. Night is the time when many animals forage, or search for
food.
_____________14. The store specializes in cutlery, such as forks and knives,
which has unique designs.
_____________15. The lamb was very feeble whereas the lion was very strong.
_____________16. Nelson Mandela finally received his freedom after spending
several years in captivity.
_____________17. At special ceremony, the police chief gave the officer a
commendation for bravery.
_____________18. Reading words without understanding their meaning is futile.
_____________19. Efren found the statement wrong and refuted it.
_____________20. The fog was so heavy that it was impossible to see and avoid
the oncoming car. The collision was inevitable.
_____________21. Celestial bodies, including the sun, moon, and stars, have
fascinated man through the centuries.
_____________22. There is a large demand all over the United States for plants
indigenous to the desert. Many people in Arizona have made a good business of
growing and selling cactus and other local plants.
_____________23. One brother is an erudite professor, the other brother, however,
has never shown any interest in books or learning.
_____________24. Because there was so little precipitation this year, the crops
dried up and died.
_____________25. Although I was unable to understand all of the details of the
presentation, I did get the gist of it.
REINFORCER:

Complete the Graphic organizer by giving the definition of the different types of
context clues.

RESTATEMENT

DEFINITION EXAMPLE

TYPES OF CONTEXT CLUES

COMPARISON CAUSE AND

EFFECT
CONTRAST
 LESSON 2: Idioms
Idioms are words or phrases that are not taken literally. The meaning is different
from the combined meanings of the words expressed. Idioms are common
expressions understood figuratively, as the literal definitions make no sense.

EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES OFOF IDIOMS:
IDIOMS:

 Between
Between youyouand andmeme – a–secret
a secret
 From
From a to a to – from
z –zfrom beginning
beginning to to
endend
 Through
Through thick and thin –
thick and thin – in spite of of
in spite allall difficulties
difficulties
 A penny
A penny forforyouryourownown thoughts
thoughts – a–way
a wayof of asking
asking what
what someone
someone is thinking
is thinking
 Actions
Actions speak
speak louder
louder thanthan words
words – people’s
– people’s intentions
intentions cancan
be be judged
judged better
better byby
what
what
they do they
than dowhat than
theywhat
saythey say
 Ball is in your court – it– isit up
Ball is in your court is up
to to
youyouto to make
make thethe next
next decision
decision or or
stepstep
 Barking
Barking upup thethe wrong
wrong tree
tree – accusing
– accusing thethe wrong
wrong person
person
 Beat
Beat around
around thethe
bushbush – avoiding
– avoiding thethe main
main topic
topic
 Blessing
Blessing in disguise – something good that
in disguise – something good that isn’t recognizedisn’t recognized at first
at first
 Can’t
Can’t judge
judge a book
a book bybyitsits cover
cover – cannot
– cannot judge
judge something
something primarily
primarily onon
appearance
 an arm and a leg – very expensive
appearance
Cost
 Cross
Costthe an bridge
arm and whena leg – very
you to it – deal with a problem if when it becomes
comeexpensive
necessary,
Cross the bridge
not before when you come to it – deal with a problem if when it becomes
 necessary,
Spill the beans not–before
let out a secret
 Achilles
Spill the heelbeans – let out
– looking for athe
secret
weakest point
 Butterflies
Achilles heel on his – looking
stomachfor – feeling
the weakest
very point
nervous
 Break a leg – good luck
Butterflies on his stomach – feeling very nervous
 Couch
Break a leg – lazy
potato goodperson
luck
 FitCouch
as a fiddlepotato – lazyphysical
– good person health
 AddFitinsult
as a fiddle – good
to injury – aggravate
physical ahealth
bad situation
 AllAdd
thumbs – clumsy, awkward
insult to injury – aggravate a bad situation
 AllAll
earsthumbs – clumsy, awkward
– attentive
 Down
All ears – attentive
to Earth– very practical
 Down to Earth– very practical

GUIDED ACTIVITY (ORAL ACTIVITY):

Choose 5 idioms from the examples given above and use them in the sentence.

EXAMPLES:
1. Whenever his crush passes by the hallway, he's having butterflies on his
stomach.
2. You are absolutely barking up the wrong tree here because I'm innocent.
3. His new car costs an arm and a leg so he is now looking for another job.
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY:
Determine the meaning of the bolded idiomatic expressions. Write the letter of
your answer on the space provided before each number.
_____1. After going to the zoo, the mall, and the movies, Cassie was sick of
bending over backwards to entertain her nieces.
a. Cassie was doing very little to entertain her nieces.
b. Cassie was making small efforts to entertain her nieces.
c. Cassie was not trying at all to entertain her nieces.
d. Cassie was trying very hard to entertain her nieces.

_____2. Bobby would have been playing ball until the cows came home if it
hadn’t been for Suzie dragging him away to eat dinner.
a. Bobby didn’t even want to play ball to begin with. .
b. Bobby prefers nature to athletics.
c. Bobby was just about to stop playing ball
d. Bobby would have continued playing ball for a long time.

_____3. Mr. Johnson was very particular about the arrangement of his classroom,
so the thing he hated most was when his students caused a ruckus with their wild
horseplay.
a. Mr. Johnson hated when his students made animal noises.
b. Mr. Johnson hated when his students played sports.
c. Mr. Johnson hated when his students pretended to be animals.
d. Mr. Johnson hated when his students wrestled around with each other.

_____4. Eric wanted to fix his cousin’s computer, but he’s already having
problems setting up his Aunt’s PC and he didn’t want to open a whole new can of
worms.
a. Eric wanted to go fishing instead of working on computers.
b. Eric was having difficulties untangling the computer wires.
c. Eric was not ready to begin working on a complicated new problem.
d. Eric was sick of spending his time helping his family.

_____5. Even though Candace already had a new job, she submitted her two week
notice and conducted herself in a professional way at her old job because she didn’t
want to burn bridges.
a. Candace didn’t want to ruin her positive relationship with her old employer.
b. Candace was really going to miss her old job.
c. Candace was waiting her last day to rub it in everyone’s face that she was
leaving.
d. Candace wasn’t ready to start her new job.
_____6. World renowned country western super group The Mountain Boys can
sell out an arena at the drop of a hat.
a. The Mountain Boys are always willing to perform at charity events.
b. The Mountain Boys can sell out an arena very quickly.
c. The Mountain Boys enforce a dress code at all of their shows.
d. The Mountain Boys may be able to sell out an arena, but it will take a long time.

_____7. Vivian expected Craig to sob uncontrollably when she broke up with him;
however, Craig kept a stiff upper lip.
a. Craig cried a little less than Vivian had expected.
b. Craig cried about as much as Vivian had expected.
c. Craig cried even more than Vivian had expected.
d. Craig did not cry.

_____8. Mrs. Robinson expects Cassie and my presentation to be good, but we

have been working on it every night for the last week, so we are going to knock
her socks off.
a. Cassie and the speaker are not prepared to give a good presentation.
b. Cassie and the speaker intend on hitting Mrs. Robinson rather than presenting.
c. Cassie and the speaker’s presentation will far exceed Mrs. Robinson’s
expectations.
d. Cassie and the speaker’s presentation will meet Mrs. Robison’s expectations.

_____9. Over the summer Brian was really excited about being placed in the
advanced math class, but after getting his syllabus on the first day and seeing the
workload, he was ready to jump ship.
a. Brian did not want to be in the advance math class anymore.
b. Brian wanted to cause some trouble in the advanced math class.
c. Brian wanted to start working on his math assignments right away.
d. Brian was even more excited about the math class than he was over the summer.

_____10. Jose had a hard time comparing the iPhone to the Samsung phone
because to him they were apples and oranges.
a. Jose believes that the phones are so different from one another that they cannot
be compared.
b. Jose can hardly tell the difference between the two phones because they are so
similar.
c. Jose doesn’t know anything about phones so he may as well be thinking about
fruits.
d. Jose is too hungry to think about phones at this time.

_____11. Brian felt pretty good about getting a pair of roller-skates for his
birthday, until he saw his twin brother Ryan open up his GameBox X-9000, and
then Brian felt like he got the short end of the stick.
a. Brian felt like Ryan received a better gift than he.
b. Brian was quite pleased with his roller skates.
c. Brian wanted a long stick that he could use to support himself on hikes.
d. Brian feels bad for Ryan because Ryan wanted roller-skates.
 _____12. After Ms. Smith caught Darnisha chewing gum for the third time, Ms.
Smith scheduled a parent teacher conference with Darnisha’s mother. When
Darnisha’s mother came into Ms. Smith’s classroom, she was chewing gum. Ms.
Smith thought to herself, “the apple doesn’t fall far from the tree.”
a. Ms. Smith thinks that Darnisha dresses like her mother.
b. Ms. Smith thinks that Darnisha acts a lot like her mother.
c. Ms. Smith is surprised to see that Darnisha’s mother came.
d. Ms. Smith thinks that Darnisha’s mother lives very close to the school.

_____13. Brad was accusing us of stealing his phone until he found it, and now
he’s trying to sweep it under the rug.
a. Brad thinks that his phone will be safer if he hides it under the rug.
b. Brad wants to do something to make up for his mistake.
c. Brad is trying to locate a signal for his phone so that he can use it.
d. Brad wants to pretend that the incident never happened.

_____14. Keisha got up and started yelling at Ronnie. She was threatening him but
Ronnie didn’t even flinch because he knew that her bark was worse than her
bite.
a. Ronnie thinks that Keisha will get in trouble for yelling.
b. Ronnie thinks that Keisha has bad breath.
c. Ronnie thinks that Keisha is loud but not dangerous.
d. Ronnie thinks that Keisha has a crush on him.

_____15. You might think that Billy is the kid who has everything, but if you saw
the list of chores his parents give him, I guarantee that you wouldn’t want to be in
his shoes.
a. You wouldn’t want your shoes to get as dirty as Billy’s when he’s doing his
chores.
b. If you have to do as many chores as Billy, you’ll want a pair of comfortable
shoes.
c. Billy shoes are so uncomfortable that doing his chores is really unpleasant.
d. Billy has so many chores to do that it is unpleasant to imagine doing them all.

REINFORCER:

Write 5 sentences using the idioms in the above examples.

REINFORCER:

Write 5 sentences using the idioms in the above examples.

 LESSON 3: Figures of Speech
Figures of Speech are literary devices used to create special effects or feelings by
making some type of interesting or creative comparisons. Figurative Languages
are figuring them out. So a person should not directly or literally interpret the
meaning (message) of a literary work rather he should reflect more deeply with the
figurative meaning of the language.

FIGURES OF
FIGURES OF SPEECH:
SPEECH:

Simile––ititrefers
1.1.Simile referstotoaacomparison
comparisonofoftwotwothings
thingsusing
usinglike
likeororas.
as.
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:Friends Friendsare likeparachutes.
arelike parachutes.IfIfthey
theyaren’t
aren’tthere
therethe
thefirst
firsttime
timeyou
youneed
them,
need chances are, you
them, chances won’t
are, be needing
you won’t them again.
be needing them again.

Metaphor––ititrefers
2.2.Metaphor referstotodirect
directcomparison
comparisonofoftwo
twothings
thingswithout
withoutusing
usinglike
likeororas.
as.
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:The TheChinese
Chineseare
arevines
vineswho
whohave
haveslowly
slowlytaken
takenroot
rootininour
oursociety.
society.

Personification––ititgives
3.3.Personification giveshuman
humanqualities
qualitiestotoanimals,
animals,plants,
plants,objects
objectsororideas.
ideas.ItItdescribes
them as if itthem
describes was as
a person.
if it was a person.
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:During Duringthe
thestorm,
storm,the
thewind
windhowled
howledaround
aroundthe
thehouse
houseforforhours.
hours.

Hyperbole––ititrefers
4.4.Hyperbole referstotothe
theuse
useofofexaggeration.
exaggeration.
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE: My house is a millionmiles
My house is a million milesaway
awayfrom
fromour
ourschool.
school.

Litotes––itittakes
5.5.Litotes takesplace
placewhen
whendouble
doublenegatives
negativesare
areused
usedfor
foremphasis.
emphasis.ItItrefers
referstotothe
theuse of
understatement.
use of understatement.
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:You Youare
arenot
notunlike
unlikeyour
yourfather,
father,who
whowas
wasvery
verypersistent.
persistent.

Metonymy––ititisisthe
6.6.Metonymy theuse
useofofsubstitution
substitutionby
byusing
usingaaword
wordininplace
placeofofanother.
another.
EXAMPE:
EXAMPE: The chair was on leave for a month for he has a businesstrip.
The chair was on leave for a month for he has a business trip.

Apostrophe––ititisisused
7.7.Apostrophe usedwhen
whentalking
talkingtotoanimals,
animals,plants,
plants,objects,
objects,ideas
ideasorordead
deadpersons
personsas if
they
as ifare human
they beings,
are human alive, alive,
beings, or present duringduring
or present the utterance.
the utterance.
EXAMPE:
EXAMPE: Tell me, Mt. Arayat, where do youget
Tell me, Mt. Arayat, where do you getall
allyour
yourbeauty?
beauty?

SUMMARY:
Figures of Speech are literary devices used to create special effects or feelings by
making some type of interesting or creative comparisons. The common types of
figures of speech are as follow; Simile, Metaphor, Personification, Hyperbole,
Litotes, Metonymy and Apostrophe.
GUIDED ACTIVITY:
Identify the figure of speech used in each sentence and give its meaning.

1. Ten thousand suns light up this room.

2. It was not unheard of for Henry VIII to close monasteries in England.”
3. I pledge my service to the crown
4. Her fragrance is like the morning breeze when the sea is calm
5. The tree bowed and waved to me in the wind.

INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY:
Identify the figure of speech used in each sentence. Write S for Simile, M for
Metaphor, P for Personification, H for Hyperbole, L for Litotes, A for Apostrophe
and Me for Metonymy. Write your answer on the space provided before each
number.

___1. Do not sleep yet, Andres, for we are the modern Katipuneros.
___2. Shame on you, poverty, for our determination will win out.
___3. Doing good is not a bad idea.
___4. The sea mocked us with its laughter.
___5. John reads William Shakespeare.
___6. Jackie’s donation to the foundation was not small.
___7. She eats like a bird, so bringing her to an eat-all-you can resto is a bad idea.
___8. Marvin turned white when he heard the story.
___9. The White House will be announcing the decision around noon today.
___10. “Death! Where is thy sting? O Grave! Where is thy victory?”
___11. “Shall I compare thee to a summer day? Thou art more lovely and more
temperate.” – Sonnet 18, William Shakespeare.
___12. I had so much homework last night that I need to pick-up trucks to carry all
my books home!
___13. The earth laughs beneath my heavy feet, at the blasphemy in my old jangly
walk.
___14. There isn’t anything I won’t eat when I’m hungry.
___15. “A tree that looks at God all day and lifts her leafy arms to pray.” – Trees,
Joyce Kilmer.
___16. My words are little jars, for you to take and put upon a shelf. Their shapes
are beautiful and they have many pleasant colors and lusters.
___17. He would write, but his hours are as busy as bees in the sun.
___18. The moon was a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas; the road was a
ribbon of moonlight over the purple moor.
___19. O Solitude! Where are the charms that sages have seen in your face?
___20. A million dollar is not a little amount.
___21. Women’s words are bullet that their enemies take up and make use of
against them.
___22. Be a strong tower that never bows its head to the force of the wind.
___23. The United States will be delivering the new product to us very soon.
___24. I didn’t play poorly in the game a while back.
___25. Your face is killing me!
REINFORCER:

Based from the abovementioned discussion about figures of speech, give the
distinguishing characteristics of each figure of speech by filling in the Graphic
organizer with pertinent information.

SIMILE PERSONIFICATION
METAPHOR

FIGURES
HYPERBOLE LITOTES
OF
SPEECH

METONYMY APOSTROPHE
 LESSON 4: Types of Irony
Irony is a literary technique or figure of speech which is a contradiction or
incongruity between what is expected and what actually occurs.

TYPESOF
TYPES OFIRONY:
IRONY:

1.1.Verbal Irony– –isisthe

VerbalIrony theuse
useofofwords
wordstotomean
meansomething
somethingdifferent
differentfrom
fromwhat
whata aperson
person
actually says.
actually says.
Exclaiming“wow!”
EXAMPLE:Exclaiming
EXAMPLE: “wow!”after
afterfailing
failingananexam.
exam.

2.2.Dramatic Irony– –it itoccurs

DramaticIrony occurswhen
whenthetheaudience
audienceisisaware
awareofofsomething
somethingthat
thatthe
thecharacters in
characters
the story are in
notthe storyof.
aware areItnot awareseen
is much of. Itinisplays
muchandseen in plays and movies.
movies.
EXAMPLE:From
EXAMPLE: Fromthe theplay
playOedipus
OedipusRex RexbybySophocles
Sophoclesininearly
earlyGreece,
Greece,Oedipus
Oedipusis
is blind of the facts that he has killed his blood father and committed
blind of the facts that he has killed his blood father and committed shameful incest shameful
incest
with his with
bloodhismother.
blood mother.

3.3.Situational Irony– –it itinvolves

SituationalIrony involvesa adiscrepancy
discrepancybetween
betweenwhat
whatisisexpected
expectedtotohappen
happenand
and
whatactually
what actuallyhappens.
happens.
EXAMPLE: AAmarriage
EXAMPLE: marriagecounselor
counselorfiled
filedforfordivorce
divorce

SUMMARY:
Irony is a powerful tool in literature and writing. It creates an exceptional
uniqueness in speech and literature when used by creating sort of a puzzle in the
reader and the audience’s mind. The three types of irony are; Verbal Irony
(sarcasm), Dramatic Irony is considered by many writers as a potent tool for
exciting and sustaining the interest of readers and audience, and Situational Irony
is commonly used to emphasize important scenes and to make unusual images
more vivid.

GUIDED ACTIVITY:
Identify the type of irony used in each statement.

1. In Star Wars, the audience know that Darth Vader is Luke’s father, but Luke
does not know until episode 5.
2. A fertility counsellor struggles to get pregnant
3. Great! Someone stained my new dress.
4. A man says loudly to an unattractive woman, “You are more than beautiful!”
5. In Hamlet, people know that Hamlet is not really mad and that he knows the full
truth about his father’s murder but the others know the other way around.
6. A pilot with fear of heights
7. I can’t wait to read the 1000 pages report of my classmate!
8. In “The Highwayman,” when King George’s men have tied up, the highwayman
doesn’t know it. But the readers know that a trap is set for him.
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY:
Identify the type of irony used in each statement. On the space provided, write
V if the statement contains Verbal Irony, D for Dramatic Irony and S for
Situational Irony.

___1. In Toy Story, human characters are not aware that the toys speak and move
while the audience is aware.

___2. A woman has been saving painfully to buy a golden watch. Just hours after
buying the watch, her daughter arrives home with the same watch as a gift for her.

___3. . An ambulance comes to a woman’s house to take her to the hospital,

hopefully to save her life. On the way to the hospital the ambulance is hit by a
truck and everyone in the ambulance is killed.

___4. A mother tells her son that he did well on a test, but actually he got a failing
grade.

___5. The valedictorian in class who had the highest grades in middle school drops
out of high school.

___6. In the Animal Farm by George Orwell, the readers are aware of much more
facts than the animals. The readers know that the pigs have spent the money they
got from selling boxer to the slaughter to purchase whiskey but the others don’t
know.

___7. A man looked out of the window to see the storm intensify. He turned out to
his friend and said “wonderful weather!”

___8. "In There's Something About Mary, Ted thinks he's been arrested for picking
up a a thing while the audience knows he's being questioned by police about a
murder, otherwise innocuous lines he delivers, such as 'I've done it several times
before and 'It's no big deal,' generate laughter."

___9. A man goes over the giant waterfall Niagara Falls in a barrel and survives,
only to take a clean-up shower where he slips on the soap and dies from the
trauma.

___10. In The Gift of Magi by O. Henry, the wife cuts her hair to sell it in order to
have the money to buy her husband a pocket watch chain. The husband then sells
the watch to buy her a hair accessory.

___11. A driver states to the police officer, “thanks for the ticket officer you just
made my day!”

___12. An ambulance comes to a woman’s house to take her to the hospital,

hopefully to save her life. On the way to the hospital the ambulance is hit by a
semi-truck & everyone in the ambulance is killed.
___13. In the children’s story “Little Red Riding Hood” we know that the wolf has
eaten the grandmother, but Little Red Riding Hood does not know that.

___14. You work all afternoon cooking a fancy dinner for your boyfriend. When
he takes his first bite, he spits it out into his napkin without you seeing and says to
you, “Oh Sweetie, this is wonderful!”

___15. If you call someone who has failed a math test “Einstein” you are using
what type of irony?

___16. Ashley is a six feet tall. She will only date guys who are 6’3 and above.
One night, her best friend set up a date for her, and she saw a guy who was less
than 5 feet tall. She said, “Yeah, he definitely meets my height requirement.”

___17. In Othello, the audience knows that Desdemona has been faithful to
Othello, but Othello does not. The audience also knows that Iago is scheming to
bring about Othello’s downfall, a fact hidden from Othello, Desdemona, Cassio
and Roderigo.

___18. A patient is at the dentist and just as the dentist is about to give him a shot
in the mouth to numb him, the patient says, “Wow, this is going to be fun!”

___19. You work at a fire extinguisher factory, when you get home your house is
on fire & you don’t have one.

___20. A hungry cook

REINFORCER:
Based from the abovementioned discussion about figures of speech, give the
distinguishing characteristics of each figure of speech by filling in the Graphic
organizer with pertinent information.

VERBAL DRAMATIC

SITUATIONAL
 LESSON 5: Parts of a Paragraph
A paragraph contains group of sentences with one main idea. A good paragraph
should have three major structural parts as what have been clearly stated by
Oshima and Hogue (1983), these parts are as follow; Topic sentence, Supporting
sentences and Concluding sentence.

PARTS
PARTS OF
OF A PARAGRAPH:
A PARAGRAPH:

1.1.Topic Sentence ––isisaasentence

Topic Sentence sentencewhich
which states thethe
states main
mainideaidea
of the
of paragraph. TopicTopic
the paragraph.
sentence not
sentence not only
only states
statesthe
thetopic
topicofofthethe
paragraph
paragraph butbut
alsoalso
controls or limits
controls the topic
or limits so
the topic
that it can be discussed completely in the space of single paragraph.
so that it can be discussed completely in the space of single paragraph.
 Topic Idea – it states the topic of the paragraph.
 Topic Idea – it states the topic of the paragraph.
 Controlling Idea – it limits the topic.
 Controlling Idea – it limits the topic.
2. Supporting Sentences – are sentences that develop the topic sentence or the main
2.idea.
Supporting
They explain the topic–sentence
Sentences are sentences thatreasons,
by giving developexamples,
the topicfacts,
sentence or the main
statistics,
idea. They explain
quotations, and etc. the topic sentence by giving reasons, examples, facts, statistics,
quotations, and etc.
3. Concluding Sentence – is a sentence in which the writer concludes the paragraph in
3.order to give theSentence
Concluding – isimportant
reader with points
a sentence to note.the writer concludes the paragraph
in which
in order to give the reader with important points to note.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A PARAGRAPH:
1. Unity – it means that allOF
CHARACTERISTICS of the supporting sentences develop or discuss the main idea
A PARAGRAPH:
stated in the topic sentence of the paragraph.
1. Unity – it means that all of the supporting sentences develop or discuss the main
2. Coherence
idea – ittopic
stated in the meanssentence
that the paragraph is easy to read and understand because
of the paragraph.
supporting sentences are organized in logical order and it uses appropriate cohesion
(transitional signals, pronouns, substitution, conjunction and etc.)
2. Coherence – it means that the paragraph is easy to read and understand because
supporting sentences are organized in logical order and it uses appropriate cohesion
(transitional signals, pronouns, substitution, conjunction and etc.)

EXAMPLE:

There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First,
Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical
services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education.
Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue
studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed.
Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result,
Canada is a desirable place to live.
GUIDED ACTIVITY:
Answer the given questions. Write your answer on the space provided before
each number.

_____1. “1.) Philippines is one of the best vacation spots in the world for two
motives. 2.) First, there are good beaches, Virgin Islands, mountain views,
adventures, festivals and variety of food and delicacies in the country. 3.) Second,
Filipinos are known of being hospitable and for their genuine smiles. 4.) As a
supposition, Philippines is a desirable place to visit.” What are the cohesive
devices or transitional words used in the paragraph?
A. and, first, second, as a supposition C. best, hospitable, genuine, desirable
B. and, two motives, Philippines D. of, for, to, being, a, country, spots

_____2. Refer to the paragraph in # 21. What is the topic sentence in the
paragraph?
A. sentence 1 B. sentence 2 C. sentence 3 D. sentence 4

_____3. It refers to a characteristic of a paragraph where the supporting sentences

are organized in logic al order and the paragraph is easy to understand.
A. Coherence B. Cohesive Device C. Main Idea D. Unity

_____4. It refers to information that develops and proves the main idea of the
paragraph.
A. Concluding Sentence C. Supporting Sentences
B. Controlling Sentence D. Topic Sentence

_____5. It refers to a characteristic of a paragraph where the writer developed the

main idea through the supporting details & where all the sentences in the paragraph
consistently relate to the main idea.
A. Coherence B. Cohesive Device C. Main Idea D. Unity

_____6. It refers to a sentence which states the main idea of the paragraph.
A. Concluding Sentence C. Supporting Sentences
B. Controlling Sentence D. Topic Sentence

_____7. It is a piece of writing that focuses on one topic or idea and it consists of
more than 5 sentences.
A. Concluding Sentence C. Paragraph
B. Controlling Sentence D. Sentences

_____8. The information that limits the topic in a topic sentence is

______________.
A. Coherence C. Main Idea
B. Controlling Sentence D. Sentences
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY:
Write a complete paragraph about the given topics. Make sure to observe the
parts and characteristics of a good paragraph. (5 points each)

1. Cyber
1. Cyberbullying
bullying

2. Philippines
3. Dream job

4. Favorite activity during summer

 LESSON 6: Reading Styles
Reading is the most important skills in English language from other language
skills in acquiring language. If students are good in reading, they will be good in
other language skills (writing, speaking, listening and viewing).

TYPES
TYPESOF
OFREADING:
READING:

Skimming– –ititisisalso
1.1.Skimming alsoknown
knownasasgist
gistreading.
reading.ItItisisa arapid
rapidreading
readingfocusing
focusingononthe
thetitle,
title,
headings, topic sentence, and sign posts to get the main
headings, topic sentence, and sign posts to get the main idea. idea.

Scanning– –ititisisa arapid

2.2.Scanning rapidreading
readingassisted
assistedbybykey
keywords
wordstotolocate
locatespecific
specificpieces
piecesofof
information.
information.Scanning
Scanningisisvery veryuseful
usefulfor
forfinding
findinga aspecific
specificname,
name,date,
date,statistic
statisticororfact
factwithout
reading
withoutthe entire the
reading passage.
entire passage.

Intensive– –ititisisalso
3.3.Intensive alsocalled
calledword-word
word-wordtypetypeofofreading.
reading.This
Thistype
typeofofreading
readingisismeant
meantto learn
the
to content
learn theofcontent
the whole passage.
of the whole This type This
passage. of reading
type ofisreading
in-depthis reading
in-depthwhere thewhere
reading readers
read for details and extract information on particular topics. The aim of Intensive
the readers read for details and extract information on particular topics. The aim of reading is to
build more reading
Intensive language is knowledge rather
to build more than simply
language practice
knowledge the than
rather skill simply
of reading.
practice the
skill of reading.
4. Extensive – it is also called as light-type of reading or recreational reading. The aim of
Extensive reading
4. Extensive – it is
is to
alsorelax, enjoy
called and buildof
as light-type confidence
reading orinrecreational
any topic ofreading.
interest.The
Thisaim
type
of of
reading is carried
Extensive reading outis to
to achieve general
relax, enjoy andunderstanding of aintext.
build confidence any topic of interest. This
type of reading is carried out to achieve general understanding of a text.

GUIDED ACTIVITY:
Identify the reading style for each item. Write the letter of your answer on the
space provided before the number.
_____41. When the teacher asked you to read and understand a particular text,
make inferences and look at the order of information and how it affects the
message. You will probably use __________ reading.
_____42. Your group decided to go to the National Library because you need to
read books and prepare a term paper for your subject. What is the style that you
will do?
_____43. You bought your favorite comic book at the bookstore and read it
repeatedly because you love the content. The style of reading that you did is
________.
_____44. The teacher asked you to turn your book to page 27 and look for the
name of the mother of the Dr. Jose Rizal. The reading that you have used was
________.
_____45. You read 10 thick books written by William Shakespeare because you
find them interesting and beautiful. The style of reading that you undergone was
______.
 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY:
Read the following passages. Answer the given questions regarding the
passages by using the proper style of reading. Write your answer on the space
provided before the number.

I.I.
South
SouthAfrica,
Africa,social
socialupliftment
upliftmentprojects
projectshave
havebeen
beendeveloped
developedthatthattake
takethought
thoughtoneonestep
stepfurther.
Its conscious
further. goal; to find
Its conscious a win-win
goal; to find a path that path
win-win help that
redress
helppast inequalities,
redress to supportto
past inequalities,
community tourism and
support community to increase
tourism and to quality
increaseofquality
life andoftolife
offer
andvisitors
to offeranvisitors
enriching
an tourism
experience.
enriching tourism experience.

Country's
Country'sheritage
heritageisisaanatural
naturaltourism
tourismasset,
asset,and
andSouth
SouthAfrican
Africancultural
culturalprojects
projectsare
are
fascinating.
fascinating.Tour
Tourguides,
guides,small
smalltownship
townshiprestaurants,
restaurants,community
communitymembers
membersacquiring
acquiringequity and
trainings are the form of their upliftment projects.
equity and trainings are the form of their upliftment projects.
(An
(Anexcerpt
excerptfrom
fromSouth
SouthAfrican
Africansocial
socialupliftment-
upliftment-win-win
win-wintourism)
tourism)

_____1. Why did the author write this article?

A. To bring glory to South Africa.
B. To raise awareness about the issue in South Africa.
C. To persuade people to visit South Africa.
D. To inform the people about the beauty of Africa.

_____2. What are the different social upliftment projects in South Africa?
A. Schools, hospitals, churches, hotels and restaurants.
B. Malls, parks, transportation vehicles and exclusive highways.
C. Livelihood projects, investments and businesses.
D. Tourism, small township restaurant and trainings.

_____3. What is the goal of the social upliftment projects in South Africa?
A. To provide lifestyle and livelihood projects for the citizen of South
Africa.
B. To find a win-win path tourism and increase the quality of life in South
Africa.
C. To stop the wrong perception of other countries to South Africa.
D. To be a globally competitive continent in the future.

_____4. Why is tourism the best way to achieve this goal?

A. Because cultural projects in South Africa are fascinating.
B. Because tourism industry in South Africa is fast growing.
C. Because South Africa is known as the Tourism Capital Continent.
D. Because South Africa is very accessible and well-known of its tourist
spots.

_____5. The theme of the selection is __________.

A. Community tourism in South Africa
B. South African lifestyles
C. Upliftment projects in South Africa
D. South Africa’s solution to poverty
II. II.
TheTheCapulets andand
Capulets Montagues
Montagues areare
twotwonoblenoblefamilies of Verona
families of Verona who
whohave been
have beenfeuding
feudingfor a long
time.
forRomeo sees Juliet
a long time. Romeo at sees
the ball foratthe
Juliet thefirst
balltime andfirst
for the theytime
kiss.and
Romeo, a Montague,
they kiss. Romeo, ahas fallen
in love with Juliet Capulet. Juliet finds out who Romeo is and laments
Montague, has fallen in love with Juliet Capulet. Juliet finds out who Romeo is and the fact that she is in love
with her enemy.
laments Juliet
the fact thatisshe
obligated
is in loveto with
marryher another
enemy.man named
Juliet Paris. Juliet
is obligated then another
to marry goes to Friar
Laurence,
man nameda friend,
Paris.who gives
Juliet thenher a potion
goes to Friar thatLaurence,
will makea friend,
her seem whodead for her
gives at least two days.
a potion that She
took themake
will potionherand
seemdrinks
deaditforthatatnight. The days.
least two next morning,
She took the
the day Juliet
potion andisdrinks
supposed to marry
it that
Paris,
night. The next morning, the day Juliet is supposed to marry Paris, her nurse finds herJuliet is
her nurse finds her dead in bed. Romeo’s servant arrives and tells his master that
dead andinburied.
dead Romeo hurries
bed. Romeo’s servant back
arrivesto and
Verona.
tells Seeing Juliet
his master thatdead within
Juliet the and
is dead tomb, Romeo
buried.
drinks
Romeosome poisonback
hurries he has purchased
to Verona. and dies
Seeing Julietkissing her. Friar
dead within Laurence
the tomb, Romeoarrives just some
drinks as Juliet
wakes
poison he has purchased and dies kissing her. Friar Laurence arrives just as Juliet wakes dead
up within the bloody vault. He tries to get her to come out, but when she sees Romeo
beside her, Juliet
up within takes his
the bloody dagger
vault. and kills
He tries to getherself.
her to Friar
comeLaurence tells them
out, but when the Romeo
she sees whole story. The
twodead
family patriarchs
beside agree
her, Juliet to become
takes his dagger friends. Eachherself.
and kills family Friar
erectsLaurence
a goldentells
statue of the
them theothers’
child.
whole story. The two family patriarchs agree to become friends. Each family erects a
golden statue of the others’ child. (Romeo and Juliet: A Summary by William Shakespeare)
(Romeo and Juliet: A Summary by William Shakespeare)

_____1. What was the reason why Juliet lamented?

A. Because she was kidnapped C. Because is in love with her enemy
B. Because she will marry Paris D. Because she drinks a potion

_____2. Who discovers Juliet after she takes Friar Laurence’s potion?
A. Lady Capulet B. Friar Laurence C. Paris D. The Nurse

_____3. Who is the last person to see Juliet alive?

A. Paris B. Friar Laurence C. The Nurse D. Romeo

_____4. How and where does Romeo commit suicide?

A. With a dagger in the orchard C. With a sword in Juliet’s bedchamber
B. With poison in Juliet’s tomb D. With a rope in the public square

_____5. The theme of the story is _____.

A. Romantic love and death C. True love waits
B. Each person has a destiny D. Love conquers all

REINFORCER:

Based from the discussion about reading styles, give the characteristics of each style
by filling in the charts with pertinent information.

SKIMMING SCANNING INTENSIVE EXTENSIVE

 LESSON 7: Propaganda Techniques
Propaganda refers to information, ideas or rumors spread to help a person, group,
movement or etc. It is a technique used to influence opinions, emotions, attitude or
behavior. The goal of propaganda is to persuade people to accept an idea.

DIFFERENT PROPAGANDA
DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES:
PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUES:
1. Bandwagon
1. Bandwagon– it makes the appeal
– it makes that that
the appeal “everyone is else
“everyone is doing
is else it, and
is doing so you
it, and should.”
so you
Persuading
should.”the people to the
Persuading do something bysomething
people to do letting thembyknow
lettingothers
them are
know doing it. are doing it.
others
EXAMPLE: Everyone used Colgate as their toothpaste.
EXAMPLE: Everyone used Colgate as their toothpaste. Do you? Do you?

2. Testimonials
2. Testimonials– a famous person
– a famous or celebrity
person promotes
or celebrity or endorses
promotes a product,
or endorses a policy
a product, or a
a policy
politician candidate.
or a politician candidate.
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE: “I use
“I gel
use for
gelmy
for hair.” – Justin
my hair.” Bieber.
– Justin YouYou
Bieber. should buy buy
should today, afterafter
today, all,
Justin Bieber
all,did.
Justin Bieber did.
3. Plain Folks
3. Plain – it attempts
Folks to convince
– it attempts the audience
to convince that that
the audience a prominent person
a prominent and and
person his ideas
his are
“of the people.”
ideas are “ofItthe
appeals to regular
people.” people
It appeals and their
to regular values
people andsuch
theirasvalues
healthsuch
and as
family.
healthItand
makes
the leaders
family.look like plain
It makes folks. look like plain folks.
the leaders
EXAMPLE: “Marcos
EXAMPLE: “Marcos is not
is anot
hero.” –Leni
a hero.” Robredo.
–Leni “Erap
Robredo. parapara
“Erap sa mahirap.” –JE –JE
sa mahirap.”

4. Transfer – it is
4. Transfer – ita device by which
is a device the propagandist
by which linkslinks
the propagandist the authority of something
the authority of somethingwell-
respected and revered
well-respected andtorevered
something he wouldhe
to something have us accept.
would have usFeelings
accept. (good or bad)
Feelings (goodare
or bad)
transferred to something else.
are transferred to something else.
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE: When you you
When are persuaded to buy
are persuaded somesome
to buy cigarettes because
cigarettes the cowboy
because the cowboy
shown smoking in the commercial is macho and therefore you could
shown smoking in the commercial is macho and therefore you could be like be like him him
if if
you you
smoke.
smoke.
5. Name Calling
5. Name – it links
Calling a person
– it links or idea
a person to a to
or idea negative symbol,
a negative Trash-talking
symbol, another
Trash-talking product
another
or person.
product or person.
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE: PC isPCa bad product,
is a bad MAC
product, MACis better.
is better.
6. Glittering Generalities
6. Glittering – it is
Generalities – ittheis use
the ofusevirtue words;
of virtue words
words; of praise
words for product
of praise or person,
for product or
niceperson,
words like
nicegoodness
words likeor goodness
patriotism. orItpatriotism.
is the use of
It iswords thatofsound
the use wordsattractive
that soundorattractive
catchy, but
really
ordon’t mean
catchy, but anything.
really don’t mean anything.
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE: ThisThis
cosmetic
cosmeticwill will
makemake you you
looklook
younger.
younger.
7. Card Stacking
7. Card – it is
Stacking – itmanipulating information
is manipulating to make
information a product
to make appear
a product better
appear thanthan
better it is,it
oftenis,byoften
unfair
by comparison of omitting
unfair comparison facts. Statistics
of omitting are based
facts. Statistics areon falsehood.
based This can
on falsehood. be seen
This
in commercials
can be seen using surveys orusing
in commercials statistics.
surveys or statistics.
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE: Survey shows
Survey that that
shows 99%99%out of
out100% people
of 100% prefer
people this this
prefer brand of of
brand
toothpaste. (But it doesn’t reveal that only 10 people took part in the survey)
toothpaste. (But it doesn’t reveal that only 10 people took part in the survey)

SUMMARY:
Propaganda is the use of variety of communication techniques that create an
emotional appeal to accept a particular belief or opinion, to adopt a certain
behavior or to perform a particular action.
GUIDED ACTIVITY:
Read the pieces of propaganda below and identify the technique used.
__________1. Outstanding singer Ms. Doremi, in an advertisement for the Golden
Flower Shop: “When I send flowers to my friends, I always ask the Golden Flower
Shop to prepare flowers. To them every flower arrangement is a work of art.”
__________2. Let’s not go to GenVel Bank. It is located near the junk and the
building is old. Moreover, the tellers are not pretty.

__________3. No, Ma, let’s not go to Dr. Boo. He doesn’t know anything. He’s
already old and doesn’t read professional books. Everyone says he’s no good.

_________4. Take the word of those who have experienced our services. Nine out
of ten will surely be satisfied.

__________5. Why don’t you use Docoldout pills to stop your runny nose and
watery eyes? Last month I caught a cold and when I used Docoldout pills it cured
me immediately. It cures all the symptoms of a cold.

__________6. Advertisement showing refrigerators: “Field tests show that our

refrigerators and freezers please the majority of housewives. Ninety percent of our
respondents say that they like the design, the convenience, and the economy of the
refrigerators and freezers.”

__________7. Advertisement for College of Education: “There’s no question

about what course to take. Be a teacher! Carlos Romulo, who became UN General
Assembly president, started as a teacher. President Elpidio Quirino was a teacher.
National artists N.V.M. Gonzales and Bienvenido Santos started out as teachers.
Follow the path to greatness by being a teacher. Enroll in College of Education.”

INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY:

Based from the abovementioned discussion about Propaganda techniques, think of

an own advertisement of a product or a thing and write a propaganda statement
about it. You may draw the products on the boxes provided below and the
propaganda statements. Be creative and show your advertisement skill.
REINFORCER:
Identify the Propaganda technique used in each statement. Write your answer on
the space provided before each item.

__________1. You are persuaded to buy a facial cream because the person in the
commercial is handsome and therefore you could be like him if you buy the facial cream.

_________2. Buy this deodorant because surveys show that people prefer this deodorant.

__________3. Food in McDo is more delicious but cheaper than in Jollibee which is too
expensive but not delicious.

__________4. “The best coffee for the best you.” – Starbucks

__________5. An advertisement states that “everyone is rushing down to their Ford.”

__________6. “Why do you want to reelect Efren Ramos as barangay captain? He has a
case pending against him in the Office of the Ombudsman for graft and corruption and he
lives in a style that cannot be supported by the salary he gets as barangay captain.”

__________7. It refers to a propaganda technique that attempts to convince the audience

that a prominent person and his ideas are “of the people.”

__________8. It refers to a propaganda technique that uses word of praise for a product
or a person that sounds attractive or catchy but really don’t mean anything.
 LESSON 8: Adverbs
Adverbs modify, describe or change the meaning of other words such as verbs,
adjectives or another adverb in a sentence.

KINDS
KINDSOF
OF ADVERBS:
ADVERBS:

1.1.Adverbs
Adverbs of Place –– these
of Place theseadverbs
adverbsanswer
answerthethe question
question “where.”
“where.”
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE: here, there, there,upstairs,
upstairs,downstairs,
downstairs, everywhere,
everywhere, nowhere,
nowhere, in, out,
in, out,
inside,away.
inside, away.
*Hewas
*He was standing
standing near
near the
thewall.
wall.
*He lives somewhere in NewYork.
*He lives somewhere in New York.
2. Adverbs of Time – these us something about the time that something happens.
2. Adverbs of Time – these adverbs answer the question “when.” It tells us something
EXAMPLE: now, then, soon, tomorrow, yesterday, today, tonight, again, early,
about the time that something happens.
yesterday, formerly, lately, never.
EXAMPLE: now,
*I haven’t read then, lately.
anything soon, tomorrow, yesterday, today, tonight, again, early,
yesterday,
*He got upformerly, lately,
early in the never.
morning.
*I haven’t read anything lately.
*He got
3. Adverbs up early in –the
of Frequency these adverbs answer the question “how often.” It tells us
morning.
how many times the action occurs or occurred or will occur.
EXAMPLE:
3. Adverbs of Frequency – these
frequently, often, sometimes,
adverbs answer the question
seldom, usually,“how
rarely,often.” It tells us
monthly,
yearly,
how many timesagain,
the always, once. or occurred or will occur.
action occurs
*I have gone there
EXAMPLE: only once.
frequently, often, sometimes, seldom, usually, rarely, monthly,
yearly, again, always, once. month.
*The employees are paid every
*I have gone there only once.
4. Adverbs of Manner – these adverbs answer the question “in what manner or how.” It
*The employees are paid every month.
tells us the manner or way in which something happens.
EXAMPLE: slowly, carefully, terribly, seriously, well, fast, pleasantly, loudly.
4. Adverbs*Sheof Manner
was – these
pleasantly adverbs answer the question “in what manner or how.”
surprised.
It tells us the manner
*They or problem
solved the way in which
easily.something happens.
EXAMPLE: slowly, carefully, terribly, seriously, well, fast, pleasantly, loudly.
*She was
5. Adverbs – these
pleasantly
of Degree adverbs answer the question “how much” or “in what
surprised.
degree.”
*They solved the problem easily.
EXAMPLE: much, very, fully, little, partly, enough, quite, entirely, absolutely
*Sheof
5. Adverbs entirely
Degreeagrees withadverbs
– these him about the topic.
answer the question “how much” or “in what
*Mary
degree.” is a very beautiful and strong woman.
EXAMPLE: much, very, fully, little, partly, enough, quite, entirely, absolutely
*She entirely agrees with him about the topic.
*Mary is a very beautiful and strong woman.

SUMMARY:
Adverb is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, another adverb, determiner, noun
phrase, clause or sentence. Adverbs typically express manner, time, place,
frequency, degree, level of certainty, etc.
GUIDED ACTIVITY:
Underline the adverb used in each sentence and tell whether it is an adverb of
place, time, frequency, manner or degree. Write your answer on the space
provided before each number.

__________1. They were flying kites on the top of the hill.

__________2. They deliver the newspaper daily.

__________3. We have been living here for several years.

__________4. We must conclude that the findings are correct, doubtlessly.
__________5. We eagerly look forward to your graduation.

INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY:
Answer the given questions regarding Adverbs. Write your answer on the space
provided before each number.

_____1. Which of these adverbs is the most suitable to complete the sentence:
The dog growled __________.
A. effortlessly B. gorgeously C. timorously D. menacingly

_____2. In which of these sentences is the word “fast” used as an adverb?

A. Before the operation, I had to fast for 12 hours.
B. She likes to drive a fast car.
C. She likes to drive fast.
D. She was a fast eater.

_____3. Identify the adverb in the sentence:

In many cases, I can see scarcely prevent myself from peeking at the last
chapter to see the ending.
A. many B. peeking C. prevent D. scarcely

_____4. Which kind of adverb is the word in capital? “The opposition leader
ENTIRELY agreed with the Prime Minister.”
A. Adverb of Degree C. Adverb of Manner
B. Adverb of Frequency D. Adverb of Place

_____5. Which kind of adverb is the word in capital? “My sister wanted to be close to
my house and she built her house NEARBY.”
A. Adverb of Degree C. Adverb of Manner
B. Adverb of Frequency D. Adverb of Place

_____6. Which of these sentences does not contain an adverb?

A. We are travelling tomorrow.
B. We walked quickly.
C. I bought a pair of shoes.
D. My father often goes for a walk after dinner.
_____7. Which of these sentences has an example of adverb of frequency?
A. He got up early in the morning.
B. I sometimes go for a walk in the park.
C. She agrees with him about the topic.
D. She was pleasantly surprised by the students.

_____8. Which of the following words are classified as adverbs of degree?

A. always, never, occasionally, rarely, and often
B. bravely, fast, happily, well, and hard
C. fairly, hardly, quite, too, and much
D. now, soon, still, then, and today

_____9. Which kind of adverb is the word in capital? “The volunteers helped the
stranded CHEERFULLY.”
A. Adverb of Degree C. Adverb of Manner
B. Adverb of Frequency D. Adverb of Place

_____10. Which kind of adverb is the word in capital? “The manager shouted
ANGRILY at the worker.”
A. Adverb of Degree C. Adverb of Manner
B. Adverb of Frequency D. Adverb of Place

_____11. Which of these adverbs is the most suitable to complete the sentence:
I was so surprised. His new apartment was __________ decorated.
A. beautifully B. goodly C. nicer D. well

_____12. Identify the adverb in the sentence:

Look everywhere for the watch, it is valuable to me.
A. everywhere B. look C. valuable D. watch

_____13. Which of the following sentences contains 2 adverbs?

A. If you want to pass the exam, you will have to work hard.
B. My son can run faster than me now.
C. He is always arriving late.
D. Sue picked up the ancient vase carefully.

_____14. Which of these sentences does not contain an adverb?

A. He waved his hand emphatically so that Marry would be sure to see him.
B. I couldn’t hold on onto the glass because it was too slippery.
C. Ezekiel, will you come here?
D. The motorcycle was sleek and shiny, Kate loved riding on it.

_____15. Which of these sentences contain an adverb?

A. Her husband is serving a three-year sentence for fraud.
B. I have been to Australia just once.
C. Read a book about the history of South America.
D. The theory of evolution is true.
REINFORCER:

Based from the abovementioned discussion about Adverbs, give the

distinguishing characteristics of each type of adverb by filling in the charts
with information.

TIME PLACE

MANNER DEGREE

FREQUENCY
 LESSON 9: Modals
Modals are helping verbs in English that express mood. Modal verbs are used to express
functions such as permission, ability, obligation, prohibition, lack of necessity, advice,
possibility and probability.

EXAMPLES
EXAMPLESOF
OFMODALS:
MODALS:
Can––indicates
1.1.Can indicatespossibility
possibilityor
orability.
ability.
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE: Drinking toomuch
Drinking too muchalcohol
alcoholcan
canbe
bedangerous
dangeroustotoyour
yourhealth.
health.
He
Hecan
canspeak
speakfour
fourlanguages
languagesfluently.
fluently.

Could––indicates
2.2.Could indicatespossibility
possibilityororability
abilityininthe
thepast.
past.ItItalso
alsoused
usedtotostate
statehypothesis
hypothesisand
andmake
speculation.
make speculation.
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:When WhenIIwas child,IIcouldn’t
wasaachild, couldn’tplay
playsoccer
soccervery
verywell.
well.
IfIfIIhad time, I could spend more time with my
had time, I could spend more time with my family. family.

Must––indicates
3.3.Must indicatesan
anobligation,
obligation,responsibility
responsibilityor
orprohibition.
prohibition.MUST
MUSTisisused
usedtotosay
saythat
thatwe
are
wesure something
are sure is true.
something is true.
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE: Youmust
You mustturn
turnoff
offyour
yourphone
phoneinside
insidethe
theclassroom.
classroom.
HeHe must be very rich! Look at his expensivecar.
must be very rich! Look at his expensive car.

4.4.May
May& Might––indicates
&Might indicatesananuncertain
uncertainaction.
action.MAY
MAYcan canalso
alsobe
beused
usedtotoask
askfor
forpolite
polite
permission in formal situation.
permission in formal situation.
EXAMPLE:IIdon’t
EXAMPLE: don’tknow
knowwhere
whereheheis.
is.He
Hemay
may(might)
(might)be
beininhis
hisoffice.
office.
May I have another slice of pizza?
May I have another slice of pizza?

Should––indicates
5.5.Should indicatessuggestion
suggestionor orrecommendation.
recommendation.SHOULD
SHOULDisisalsoalsoused
usedtotosay
saywhat
whatis
correct in ainsituation
is correct or refer
a situation to an
or refer to uncertain prediction.
an uncertain prediction.
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE: You should eat less if youwant
You should eat less if you wanttotolose
loseweight.
weight.
You
You should study more. Your gradesare
should study more. Your grades arenot
notgood.
good.

Will––indicates
6.6.Will indicatesfuture
futureaction
actionthat
thatisissure.
sure.
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:Jay Jaywill
willtravel
traveltotoNew
NewYork
Yorknext
nextweek.
week.
Today
Today is Tuesday. Tomorrow willbe
is Tuesday. Tomorrow will beWednesday.
Wednesday.

SUMMARY:
Modals are called auxiliary verbs and are used with the main verb to form a statement or
question. The examples of modals are; can, could, must, may, might, should, ought, and
will.

GUIDED ACTIVITY:
Place an appropriate modal to each statement given below.

1. He ________ speak Korean when he was a kid.

2. Children ________ be accompanied by an adult at the zoo.
3. ________ I speak to the Chief of Police, please?
4. If you want to be a champion you ______ practice every day.
GROUP
GROUPACTIVITY:
ACTIVITY:
Think
Think of asong
of a songthat
thatcontains
containsmodals.
modals.List
Listdown
downall
allthe
themodals
modalsfrom
fromthat
thatsong
song
and sing it after 10 minutes.
and sing it after 10 minutes.
1.1. 6.6. 11.
11.
2.2. 7.7. 12.
12.
3.3. 8.8. 13.
13.
4.4. 9.9. 14.
14.
5.5. 10.
10. 15.
15.

INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY:
Read the following sentences and encircle the appropriate modal to use in
each statement.
1. Thank you for calling IQOR, how ___________ I help you? (might / may)
2. If I go to New York, I ___________ see the Statue of Liberty. (will / would)
3. If I went to New York, I ___________ see the Statue of Liberty. (will / would)
4. She ___________ be at work, she always works at this time. (must / could)
5. She looks pretty sick. I think she ________ go to a doctor. (should / can)
6. I’m on my way. I ________ be there in about 10 minutes. (should / can)
7. Whose book is this? – I am not sure. It _____ be Ann's. (could/might)
8. If you want a healthier life, you _____ change your habits. (would / must)
9. God is great and we __________ be grateful to him. (would / should)
10. ________ I have another slice of pizza, please? (can / may)
11. When he was young, he ________ swim very well. He won medals and
championships! (could/may)
12. I think that sign means we ________ enter the building. Loom, there a security
guard too. (might not/mustn’t)
13. Jack suggested to his classmates that they _______ eat more to gain weight like
him. (must/should)
14. The teacher said we _______ read this book for our own pleasure as it is
optional. But we needn’t read it if we don’t want to.(can/might)
15. When Jack was younger, he _____ fit into his uniform but now that he has
grown, it no longer fits. (could/might)
16. You _____ wear your helmet when riding your motorbike especially in a
highway. (may/should)
17. His excuse _____ be true, but I don’t believe. (must/may)
18. The job is only open to university graduates. You ______ have at least a
bachelor’s degree to apply. (could/must)
19. I _____ go riding on Saturday in the park with my cousins. (might/will)
20. I _____ not ride a bike because I was afraid of falling. (could/must)
REINFORCER:

Based from the abovementioned discussion about Modals, give the

distinguishing characteristics of each modal by filling in the table with
pertinent information.

MODALS CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLES (3 each)

can

could

may/might

must

should

will