You are on page 1of 9

MECH 30A – Strength of Materials

MIDTERM TOPICS

Strain - is a geometric quantity that measures the deformation of a body.

There are two types of strain:


1.) Normal strain, which characterizes dimensional changes,
2.) Shear strain, which describes distortion (changes in angles).

Stress and strain are two fundamental concepts of mechanics of materials.


Their relationship to each other defines the mechanical properties of a material, the knowledge
of which is of the utmost importance in design.

Axial Deformation; Stress and Strain Diagram


a.) Normal ( Axial ) Strain
The normal strain ε (lowercase Greek epsilon) is defined as the elongation per unit length. Therefore, the
normal strain in the bar in the axial direction, also known as the axial strain, is

Eqn. 2.1

Prepared by:
Engr. Rossen Lloyd A. Bugna
MECH 30A – Strength of Materials
MIDTERM TOPICS

Sample Problem 1

Prepared by:
Engr. Rossen Lloyd A. Bugna
MECH 30A – Strength of Materials
MIDTERM TOPICS

Hooke’s Law
Stress is proportional to strain; that is, Eqn. 2
where :
E = is a material property known as the modulus of elasticity or Young’s modulus.
The units of E are the same as the units of stress—that is, Pa or psi.
For steel, E = 29 x 𝟏𝟎𝟔 psi, or 200 GPa, approximately.

Note: that Hooke’s law does not apply to the entire diagram; its validity ends at the proportional limit. Beyond this
point, stress is no longer proportional to strain.

Elastic Limit - A material is said to be elastic if, after being loaded, the material returns to its original shape
when the load is removed.

Rupture Stress - The rupture stress or rupture strength is the stress at which failure occurs.

Working Stress and Factor of Safety

Eqn. 3

Prepared by:
Engr. Rossen Lloyd A. Bugna
MECH 30A – Strength of Materials
MIDTERM TOPICS

Axially Loaded Bars:


Figure 2.2 shows a bar of length L and constant cross-sectional area A that is loaded by an axial
tensile force P. We assume that the stress caused by P is below the proportional limit, so that
Hooke’s law is applicable.

Figure 2.2 Axially Loaded Bar

Because the bar deforms uniformly, the


axial strain which upon substitution into Hooke’s law. Therefore, elongation of the bar is :

Eqn. 4

Sample Problem 2

Prepared by:
Engr. Rossen Lloyd A. Bugna
MECH 30A – Strength of Materials
MIDTERM TOPICS

Prepared by:
Engr. Rossen Lloyd A. Bugna
MECH 30A – Strength of Materials
MIDTERM TOPICS

Sample Problem 3

Prepared by:
Engr. Rossen Lloyd A. Bugna
MECH 30A – Strength of Materials
MIDTERM TOPICS

Sample Problem 4

Prepared by:
Engr. Rossen Lloyd A. Bugna
MECH 30A – Strength of Materials
MIDTERM TOPICS

Exercise:

Prob.1
Three concentric downward loads
is applied to the bar. The modulus
of elasticity of the bar is 210 GPa.
What is the total change in length
of the bar?

Prob. 2

Prepared by:
Engr. Rossen Lloyd A. Bugna
MECH 30A – Strength of Materials
MIDTERM TOPICS

Prob. 3

Prob. 4

Prepared by:
Engr. Rossen Lloyd A. Bugna

You might also like