EXPERIMENT NO.

1
To Study Addressing Modes of 16 bit Microprocessor 8086/8088.

Definition: The way of specifying data source in an instruction is known as addressing

mode of that instruction.
List of addressing modes:
1. Immediate addressing mode.
2. Direct addressing mode.
3. Register addressing mode.
4. Register indirect addressing mode.
5. Based addressing mode.
6. Relative based addressing mode.
7. Indexed addressing mode.
8. Relative Indexed addressing mode.
9. Based Indexed addressing mode.
10. Relative Based Indexed addressing mode.
11. Intra-segment direct addressing mode.
12. Intra-segment indirect addressing mode.
13. Inter-segment direct addressing mode.
14. Inter-segment indirect addressing mode.

1) Immediate addressing mode. In this case data 8 bit or 16 bit is specified in an

instruction itself.
Examples: MOV AL, 8AH
MOV BX, 2546H
Result: (AL) = 8AH
(BX) = 2546H; (BH) = 25H & (BL) = 46H

2) Direct addressing mode. In this case data present in memory (in data segment) and
the offset address of memory location within the segment is specified in an instruction
itself.
Examples: MOV AX, [0400H]
MOV CL, [0320H]
Result: Assuming (DS) = 0700H
For first Instruction: P.A. = 07000H + 0400H = 07400H = 0700:0400H
Hence, (AL) = [0700:0400H] and (AH) = [0700:0401]
For second Instruction: P.A. = 07000H + 0320H = 07320H = 0700:0320H
Hence, (CL) = [0700:0320H]
3) Register addressing mode. In this case data transfer or manipulation takes place
between two registers only. Source and destination both are registers.
Examples: 1) MOV AX, BX 2) MOV BL, AL
Result: Initially (BX) = 1234H; (AX) = 4321H
After 1st instruction execution: (BX) = 4321H; (AX) = 4321H
After 2nd instruction execution: (BL) = 21H; (AL) = 21H

4) Register indirect addressing mode. In this case data present in memory (segment)
and the offset address of memory location within the segment is specified in offset
registers like BX, SI, DI and BP.
Examples: 1) MOV AX, [BX] 2) MOV CX, [SI] 3) MOV DX, [DI]
4) MOV AX, [BP]
NOTE: In first three instruction segment register by default DS is used, where as in
fourth instruction by default SS is used. Assuming (DS) = (SS) = 0700H
MOV BX, 0200H ; (BX) = 0200H
MOV SI, 0220H ; (SI) = 0220H
MOV DI, 0230H ; (DI) = 0230H
MOV BP, 0250H ; (BP) = 0250H
Result: 1st Instruction: PA= 0700: 0200H
Hence (AX) = [0700: 0200H] and [0700: 0201H]
2nd Instruction: PA= 0700: 0220H
Hence (CX) = [0700: 0220H] and [0700: 0221H]
3rd Instruction: PA= 0700: 0230H
Hence (DX) = [0700: 0230H] and [0700: 0231H]
4th Instruction: PA= 0700: 0250H
Hence (AX) = [0700: 0250H] and [0700: 0251H]

5) Based addressing mode. In this case data present in memory (data segment or stack
segment) and the offset address of memory location within the segment is specified in
offset registers like BX or BP.
Examples: MOV AX, [BX]
MOV AX, [BP]
MOV [BX], AX
MOV [BP], AX
NOTE: In first and third instruction segment register by default DS is used, where as in
second and fourth instruction by default SS is used. Assuming (DS) = (SS) = 0700H;
(BX) = 0200H and (BP) = 0250H;
Result:
1st Instruction: PA= 0700: 0200H
Hence (AX) = [0700: 0200H] and [0700: 0201H]
2nd Instruction: PA= 0700: 0250H
Hence (AX) = [0700: 0250H] and [0700: 0251H]
3rd Instruction: PA= 0700: 0200H
Hence [0700: 0200H] = (AL) and [0700: 0201H] = (AH)
3rd Instruction: PA= 0700: 0250H
Hence [0700: 0250H] = (AL) and [0700: 0251H] = (AH)
6) Relative based addressing mode. In this case data present in memory (data segment
or stack segment) and the offset address of memory location within the segment is
given by sum of content of offset registers like BX or BP and the 8/16 bit
displacement.
Example: MOV AX, [BX + 5] or MOV AX, 5[BX]
Note: if (DS) = 0700H and (BX) =0200H
P.A. = 07000H + 0200H + 5H = 07205H = 0700:0205H
Result: (AX) = [0700: 0205H] and [0700: 0206H]
Example: MOV AX, [BX + 0100H] or MOV AX, 100[BX]
P.A. = 07000H + 0200H + 0100H = 07300H = 0700:0300H
Result: (AX) = [0700: 0300H] and [0700: 0301H]

7) Indexed addressing mode. In this case data present in memory (data segment) and
the offset address of memory location within the segment is specified in offset
registers like SI or DI.
Example: MOV CX, [SI]
MOV DX, [DI]
MOV [SI], AX
MOV [DI], BX
Segment register by default DS is used, Assuming (DS) = 0700H and
MOV SI, 0220H ; (SI) = 0220H
MOV DI, 0230H ; (DI) = 0230H
PA = 0700:0220H for 1st & 3rd instructions.
PA = 0700:0230H for 2nd & 4th instructions.
Result:
1st Instruction: PA= 0700: 0220H
Hence (CX) = [0700: 0220H] and [0700: 0221H]
2nd Instruction: PA= 0700: 0230H
Hence (DX) = [0700: 0230H] and [0700: 0231H]
3rd Instruction: PA= 0700: 0220H
Hence [0700: 0220H] and [0700: 0221H] = (AX)
3rd Instruction: PA= 0700: 0230H
Hence [0700: 0230H] and [0700: 0231H] = (BX)

8) Relative Indexed addressing mode. In this case data present in memory (data
segment) and the offset address of memory location within the segment is given by
sum of content of offset registers like SI or DI and the 8/16 bit displacement.
Example: MOV AX, [SI + 5] or MOV AX, 5[SI]

Note: if (DS) = 0700H and (SI) =0200H; (DI) = 0220H

P.A. = 07000H + 0200H + 5H = 07205H = 0700:0205H
Result: (AX) = [0700: 0205H] and [0700: 0206H]
Example: MOV AX, [DI + 0100H] or MOV AX, 100[DI]
P.A. = 07000H + 0220H + 0100H = 07320H = 0700:0320H
Result: (AX) = [0700: 0320H] and [0700: 0321H]
9) Based Indexed addressing mode. In this case data present in memory (data segment
or stack segment) and the offset address of memory location within the segment is
given by sum of content of offset registers like BX & SI or BX & DI or BP & SI or
BP & DI. Note that whenever BP is present in an instruction as an offset register, the
stack segment by default used as memory segment. Otherwise data segment is used.
Examples:
MOV AX, [BX] [SI] OR MOV AX, [BX+SI]
MOV AX, [BP] [DI] OR MOV AX, [BP+DI]
MOV [BX] [SI], AX OR MOV [BX+SI], AX
MOV [BP] [DI], AX OR MOV [BP+DI], AX

NOTE: In first and third instruction segment register by default DS is used, where as
in second and fourth instruction by default SS is used. Assuming (DS) = (SS) =
0700H
Result: Assuming (BX) = 0200H; (BP) = 0210H; (SI) = 0020H and (DI) = 0030H
1st Instruction: PA= 0700: 0200H+0020H = 0700:0220H
Hence (AX) = [0700: 0220H] and [0700: 0221H]
2nd Instruction: PA= 0700:0210H+0030H = 0700:0240H
Hence (AX) = [0700: 0240H] and [0700: 0241H]
3rd Instruction: PA= 0700: 0200H+0020H = 0700:0220H
Hence [0700: 0220H] and [0700: 0221H] = (AX)
3rd Instruction: PA= 0700:0210H+0030H = 0700:0240H
Hence [0700: 0240H] and [0700: 0241H] = (AX)

10) Relative Based Indexed addressing mode. In this case data present in memory (data
segment or stack segment) and the offset address of memory location within the
segment is given by sum of content of offset registers like BX & SI plus 8/16 bit
displacement or BX & DI plus 8/16 bit displacement or BP & SI plus 8/16 bit
displacement or BP & DI plus 8/16 bit displacement.
Examples: MOV AX, 5[BX] [SI] OR MOV AX, [BX+SI+5]
MOV AX, 100[BP] [DI] OR MOV AX, [BP+DI+100]

NOTE: In first instruction segment register by default DS is used, where as in second

instruction by default SS is used. Assuming (DS) = (SS) = 0700H
Result: Assuming (BX) = 0200H; (BP) = 0210H; (SI) = 0020H and (DI) = 0030H
1st Instruction: PA= 0700: 0200H+0020H+5 = 0700:0225H
Hence (AX) = [0700: 0225H] and [0700: 0226H]
2nd Instruction: PA= 0700:0210H+0030H+0100H = 0700:0340H
Hence (AX) = [0700: 0340H] and [0700: 0341H]

11) Intra-segment direct addressing mode. This is branching type addressing mode
used to transfer program control to branching address within the segment only. Here
effective address is given by sum of 8/16 bit displacement and the current content of
(IP).
Example: a) JNZ Label; Label = 8 bit relative address.
b) JMP SHORT Label; label = 8 bit signed operand.
c) JMP NEAR PTR label; Label = 16 bit signed operand.
 12) Intra-segment indirect addressing mode. This is branching type addressing mode
used to transfer program control to branching address within the segment only. Here
effective address is the content of any register or memory location that is accessed
using any of the register indirect addressing modes. The content of (IP) is replaced
with effective branch address.

Example: a) JMP AX;

b) JMP BX
c) JMP NEAR PTR [SI]
d) JMP NEAR PTR [BX+SI]

13) Inter-segment direct addressing mode. This is branching type addressing mode
used to transfer program control to branching address from one code segment to
another code segment only. Here content of IP and CS both is replaced with new
address given by instruction.
Example: a) JMP FAR PTR Label

14) Inter-segment indirect addressing mode. This is branching type addressing mode
used to transfer program control to branching address from one code segment to
another code segment only. Here content of IP and CS both is replaced with content of
two consecutive words in memory which are accessed using any one of the data
related indirect addressing mode.

Example: a) JMP FAR PTR [SI]

b) JMP FAR PTR [SI+BX]

NOTE: Circular bracket (Register) indicate content of register and square bracket [Memory
address] indicate content of memory location.