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Chapter 1

BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

This chapter presents the background of the study including the related

literatures, objective of the study, theoretical framework and conceptual

frameworks, significance of the study, scope and limitations of the study and

definition of terms.

Introduction

One of the largest inland bodies of water in the Philippines is the Laguna

Lake or also known as Laguna de Bay. It is a large shallow freshwater body in the

heart of Luzon Island with an aggregate area of about 911 square kilometers (352

sq. mi) and a shoreline of 220 kilometers (140 mi). It is considered to be the third

largest inland body of water in Southeast Asia. Laguna de Bay is bordered by the

province of Laguna in the east, west, and southwest. The province of Rizal in the

north to northeast, and the Metropolitan Manila in the northwest. The southern and

eastern portions of Metro Manila occupy a huge portion of its watershed. The lake

has an average depth of 2.8 meters (9ft and 2in) and the excess water is

discharged through the Pasig River. Based on the bathymetric study of Laguna

Lake, the water in the lake became shallower by 0.30 meters or about one foot

during 1960s – 1990s. As time goes by, there are certain problems that the lake

encounters and one of it is pollution. In solution to this problem, the government

dredged the lake to clean it in 2004. Since the dredging of the lake, study shows
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that the decrease of water in the lake continues. Until now, It is still unknown where

the water is going, and why does it is decreasing besides of the natural

evaporation.

The middle part of Laguna de Bay between Mt. Sembrano and Talim Island

is the Laguna Caldera believed to have been formed by two major volcanic

eruptions, around 1 million and 27,000 to 29,000 years ago. Remnants of its

volcanic history are shown by the presents of a maar at the southern end of Talim

Island and a solfataric field in Jala-jala. As one of the largest bay in the Philippines,

Laguna de Bay provides a major transport route that makes mobility within the lake

and around lake shore town easier. Its lake port serves as one of the prominent

terminal port here in Rizal that is connected in Laguna port is Cardona’s terminal

port. 1

Figure 1.

Map of Laguna De Bay

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The motor bancas are travelling from Cardona to Sampad Island. The

bancas have their own destination in every barangay in Talim Island. Every trip

has its own schedule time so even if the banca is not yet full, it will still travel

according to its schedule.

From what the researchers have heard, there was no boat dock in one of

the Island in the side of Cardona namely Sitio Quarry Barangay Malanggam-

Calubacan, Cardona, Rizal which it makes harder from the community living on

that particular Island to ride on the bancas. In a normal days, the estimated motor

bancas are 4-5 that travel per day and the passengers are from 30-40 per banca

excluded during peak season. There are lots to improve especially those

community that can’t travel easily like Sitio Quarry Barangay Malanggam-

Calubacan, Cardona, Rizal.

Figure 2.

Brgy. Malanggam-Calubacan, Cardona, Rizal

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Figure 3.

Sitio Quarry Barangay Malanggam-Calubacan, Cardona, Rizal

Figure 4.

Place were the boat dock must construct

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Figure 5.

Motor banca

This study was done as mandated by Section 1 of Republic Act 4567 an act

creating the San Fernando port authority, defining its powers and functions and for

other purposes. The provision states that:

“Declaration of Policy. - The Congress hereby finds, determines and declares that

it is necessary and objective to public interest and the promotion of the general welfare to

administer, manage, develop, improve, integrate, coordinate and other wise mobilized

terminal facilities in certain areas thru a self-autonomous public benefit corporation

organized and empowered to reduced an efficient, safe, economical and coordinated

system of movement of goods and persons thru the port.” 2

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It is indeed need to construct the boat dock in Sitio Quarry, Brgy. Mal-Cal,

Cardona, Rizal because the terminal is part of everyday life of the people who

travels by the means of bancas.

An ideal solution to deal with the problem is to construct a boat dock that is

unique and safer than the usual boat dock that is being used.

Figure 6.

The boat dock used to arrive at the bancas

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In addition to the legal bases of this study, the researchers consider Section

2 of Republic Act 9157, an act establishing the University of Rizal System, which

states that:

“The University shall primarily offer higher professional and technical instructions

and training in science and technology and promote research, extension, and production

services, advanced studies and specialized training in all fields deemed relevant to the

development goals of the Province of Rizal.” 3

This study can serve as a pilot project at Sitio Quarry Barangay

Malanggam-Calubacan, Cardona, Rizal and it will have an impact and promote

the University of Rizal System where the researchers are from. The knowledge

that the researchers gained from the University are applied in this study.

Background of the Study

The Municipality of Cardona is a third class urban municipality in the

province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population

of 44,942 inhabitants in 7,953 households. Cardona is in District 2 of Rizal. With

the continuous expansion of Metro Manila, the municipality is now included in

Manila built up area which reaches Cardona in its Eastern most part. 4

Oral folklore tells how the name “Cardona” was derived from the Spanish

word “caldo” referring to a native rice broth. Supposedly, a stranger walking

through the street of the town happened to ask the name of the town from a native,
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who at that time was enjoying a bowl of hot “caldo”. Thinking that the stranger was

inquiring as to what he was eating, the native answered “Caldo”. 4

It is believed that the town of Cardona was founded in 1854 during Spanish

Regime. It was formerly known as “Sapao” a visita founded to honor a miraculous

painting of the “Nuestra Senora del Rosario” which was then housed in the Church

of Morong. 4

In 1855, Cardona become a town and its boundaries were set in 1857. In

June 1901, Cardona formed part of the newly-created Province of Rizal through

Act 137 promulgated by the Philippine Commission. In 1903, Act annexed

Cardona, to the Municipality of Morong. 4

Eleven years after in 1914, Executive Order 108 issued by Governor

General Francis Burton Harrison established Cardona as an independent

municipality. 4

The Municipality of Cardona is located in the Province of Rizal some 42 km.

east southeast of Manila. It is bounded in the north by the town of Morong, in the

west by the town of Binangonan and in the south and east by Laguna de Bay, it

lays 14 degrees 2-minute latitude and 121 degrees 14 minute longitude. 4

The total land area of Cardona consists of 26.02% volcanic agglomerate

hills, high relief 19.13% volcanic agglomerate hills, low relief 18.96% built-up area

or urban lands, 15.96% rolling to steep moderately dissected tophaceous plateau,

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13.68% undulating to rolling moderately dissected gently sloping volcanic, 3.36%

broad alluvial valley, 1.82% moderately to high dissected gently sloping volcanic,

and 1.09% narrow alluvial valley. 4

Cardona is basically a fishing community. Of its 2007 population of 42,942

about 23,200 (54%) depends solely on fishing as their main source of livelihood.

Accordingly, the main source of the municipality`s revenue is the resources from

the lake waters covering 9,838 hectares. 4

Cardona is politically subdivided into 18 barangays, 11 of which are on the

mainland and 7 on Talim Island. The connection between its mainland and insular

part is through water transportation. It has an existing ferry terminal located at

Looc, Cardona, Rizal utilizing motor bancas as its main transportation vehicle.

According to the latest census, Sitio Quarry Barangay Malanggam-

Calubacan, Cardona, Rizal has a population of 214 inhabitants in 38 households.

Quarrying of land happened on that Sitio and that’s the reason why It was called

Quarry.

The MARINA Domestic Shipping Development Plan (2005) concedes that

domestic port projects have always been pursued based on their social desirability

and very rarely are domestic ports developed based on their financial viability.

Thus, domestic port projects have often relied on government subsidy. In the case

here, a government subsidy may not be necessary if investors would pursue an

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integrated vessel and port operation and let the commercially viable vessel

component cross subsidize the less profitable port component. 5

The current state of some ports in the country is alarming, travelling by ship

is one of the most affordable way of transportation an ordinary individual can have.

It is a goal of the project to provide a safe and sound passenger terminal building

that will accommodate and can give a comfortable place for each passenger to

stay in and also to have a place where they can get an easy access of their wants

and needs like foods and some of their necessities inside the port. It will also be

an aim of the project to be one of the tourist destinations is Cardona Island because

our proposed boat dock is made of bamboos and anahaws.

The port is the public interface of the motor bancas. It is the place where

customers access and exit the system. The most important function of a port is the

safe and efficient movement of people to and from motor bancas. Port is a

transport focused facilities. The main role of a port is movement of people to and

from motor bancas.

In planning and designing the boat dock, its accessibility and its

effectiveness should be foreseen and known first. This can be measured by

personally visiting the place where it must construct.

Eleven years ago, the lake was drained to clean up decades of debris,

manmade and otherwise. But over a decade later there was another surprise
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announcement. Since the 2004 renovation, Laguna Lake has been losing 90,000

gallons of water a day and has to be constantly refilled through a two inch pipe to

keep it from drying up and, because of its location, the lake is fed by Metropolitan

Water District, the most expensive it purchases. 1

Naturally, some water evaporates, and the lake would have to be topped off

regularly anyway, but a much greater amount of water is being lost to something

other than normal evaporation and nobody seems to know where it is going. And

because of that abnormalities in the behavior of water, elongated boat dock is the

best solution.

Similar to bridges, elongated port is often designed for the abnormalities of

water. They can be built to a variety of sizes depending on the behavior of water

during high tide.

The researchers conducted this study to solve the encountered problems

especially in rainy season where flood usually occurs. Providing a convenient way

of transportation by having a elongated port in Sitio Quarry, Barangay Malanggam-

Calubacan, Cardona, Rizal where the people and their cargos can be transferred

easily. The elongated boat dock that will behave according to the water level will

help the people in the terminal to avoid the flood.

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Theoretical Framework

This study is based on certain theories, and one of these is the Hooke’s

Law which is discovered by the English scientist Robert Hooke in 1660.

The law states that “the strain in a solid is proportional to the applied stress

within the elastic limit of that solid”. The generalized Hooke's Law can be used to

predict the deformations caused in a given material by an arbitrary combination of

stresses. According to Hooke’s Law, the fact that the small displacement of their

constituents, molecules, atoms, or ions from normal positions is also proportional

to the force that causes the displacement. Under this condition, the object return

to its original shape and size upon removal of the load.

In relation to the researcher’s study, in structural planning and designing

phase is the theories and principle in structural engineering which are the law of

superposition and Archimedes principle.

The law of superstition explains how the added support of the structure

affects its ability. Forces acting on the structure are eventually distributed to the

added support. Archimedes principle states that the upward buoyant force that is

exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially submerged, is

equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces and acts in the upward

direction at the center of mass of the displaced fluid.

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The researcher also considered the previously stated theory and principle

to determine the internal and external force acting on the structure in order to

design a serviceable and safe structure.

Consequently, the researchers also used the principle in fluid mechanics

which deals with the behavior of fluids at rest and in motion. The purpose of the

study was to design a boat dock that will go along the current behavior of the water.

Figure 7.

Archimedes principle and buoyancy.

Next is the estimation of loads that will act on the structure where in different

weight and the weight of the structure itself are converted into loads.

After determining the loads that acts on the structure then we can proceed

to the next step of the study which is the structural analysis.

In structural analysis, the values of the loads are used to vary out an

analysis of the structure in order to determine the stressed resultant in the

member at various parts of the structure.

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After doing the computations to determine the result of the analysis, the

values obtained determines whether the structure satisfies its requirements.

When the requirements were not satisfied, then the member sizes would

be revised, and the structural analysis would be repeated until the safety and

service ability requirements were satisfied. The last procedure of the project is

the scale model making.

Conceptual Framework

Comb’s System Approach is anchored as the modified conceptual

framework of this study. It is commonly used by many researchers because of its

simplified and organized arrangement of the study. It comprises of three elements

namely input, process and output.

The first frame is the input. It includes different situation and information that

serves as support why the researchers prompted to conduct the study, other

documents relevant to the site, giving insight into the history of the space, statistics

and information about the users.

The second frame is the process of the study which involves, planning, load

determination, structural analysis, design calculation and cost estimate of the

designed boat dock. An effective process leads to an contextualized finding,

therefore, in type of investigation and in theoretical analysis of the methods and

principles done to interpret all the raw information precisely. The process of
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returning again and again to the method and data which leads to the new ideas,

revision and improvement of the research.

The third frame is the output of the study refers to the designed of the boat

dock. This will serve as the result of all the processes and analyses. Presenting

the outcomes of the research, this serve as the conclusion of the study. The clarity

and reliability of the abovementioned outputs were evaluated and these justify as

well done research.

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Figure 8.

Conceptual Framework on the Design of Boat Dock in

Sitio Quarry, Barangay Malanggam-Calubacan, Cardona, Rizal.

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Objective of the Study

The main objective of this study is to propose a design of boat dock in Sitio

Quarry Barangay Malanggam-Calubacan, Cardona, Rizal that would help the

community to have a safer and more secure crossing to the motor bancas.

The specific objectives of this study are as follows:

1. To design an effective boat dock.

2. To provide an estimated cost of the finished product.

3. Scale model.

Significance of the Study

The significance of the study is to make the life of people in Sitio Quarry

Barangay Malanggam-Calubacan, Cardona, Rizal as easy as possible. If this

happens, they can easily travel without walking miles to reach the next Barangays

port and safely deliver goods from one place to another without giving too much

damage on them and as fast as possible. Thus, having this proposed project will

be the answer to the problem of the sitio.

Community and Residents. The output of the study will be a great help to

the community specifically to the residents of Sitio Quarry.

Commuters. Their safety will be assured by providing better and functional

boat dock.

Boat Owners. Their boat is safe from scratch by not reaching the sea bed.
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Scope and Limitation

The research study entitled “Proposed Design of Boat Dock in Sitio Quarry

Barangay Malanggam-Calubacan, Cardona, Rizal”, will be conducted by 4 th year

Civil Engineering students at the University of Rizal System – Morong during the

2nd semester of the Academic Year 2018 – 2019 and 1st semester of the Academic

Year 2019 – 2020.

The study will focus on factors influencing the usage of the bamboo as a

raw material in industrial production.

The research aimed to create a possible connection around Sitio Quarry,

Barangay Malanggam-Calubacan, Cardona, Rizal to Cardona Fish Port by

constructing boat dock made of bamboo and anahaw.

The study covered the design and analysis of the Boat Dock including the

cost estimate.

This includes the design of the possible boat dock that connects Sitio

Quarry, Barangay Malanggam-Calubacan, Cardona, Rizal to Cardona Fish Port

and data gathering of the potential commuters.

This will provide an appropriate Boat Dock that is better and safer than the

usual boat dock that is being used by them.

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Definition of terms

For a better understanding of the study, the following terms are defined

conceptually and/or operationally.

Boat dock. It is a structure that made for bringing a boat in the shore and

loading or unloading them of goods or passengers.1

Behavior of water. The increasing and decreasing of water in the lake.2

Bamboo. A tall tropical grass with hard, hallow streams, or the stems of this

plant. It can be used to make things like flooring, paper, and chopsticks. 3
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NOTES

1https://fullertonrag.com/2015/06/04/the-vanishing-waters-and-dollars-of-laguna-

lake/

2http://www.chanrobles.com/republicacts/republicactno4567.html#.XJCV9yhKjDd

3https://www.gov.ph/2001/08/11/republic-act-no-9157/

4http://cardonarizal.gov.ph/government/history/

5http://hopkins.addu.edu.ph/moda/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Pnadh981.pdf

6Design-of-Ferry-Terminal:-A-Pilot-Project-in-Pritil-Binagonan-Rizal
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Chapter 2

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the research technical design including the data flow

diagram, research instrument, procedures of the study and statistical treatment for

other purposes.

Research Technical Design

The researchers utilized the descriptive-developmental type of research for

their study. Descriptive research is used to acquire information concerning the

present status of the phenomenon to designate “what exist” with respect to

variables or conditions in a situation. Developmental method is also used as the

systematic study of designing, developing and evaluating instructional programs,

processes, and products that must meet conditions of internal consistency and

effectiveness.

A developmental type of study is focused on general analysis of design

developmental or evaluation processes as a whole or as components. Thus, the

production of this study is the plan features of the proposed boat dock which

consists of strategic location plan, and structural plan. For this reason, the project

approach was engaged. It pertains to highly technical designs distinctively for

engineering courses.
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The first phase of the study is the data gathering or the inventory of all

information needed for the planning and designing of the boat dock, followed by

the analysis of current transportation supply and demand.

Moreover, after gathering the needed information and data, planning and

designing proper took place. In addition, it comprised of Structural planning and

designing.

Furthermore, the planning and designing method mostly used in structural

calculations, which is a combination of Working Stress Design (WSD) and Ultimate

Stress Design (USD). The Working Stress Design method consists of the

determination of stresses in members included by the actual loading under working

condition to the limit established for the situation under investigation. These limiting

stresses called allowable stresses established by the code requirements in which

the actual stresses are determined and if these actual stresses do not exceed the

established allowable stresses, then the examined member is considered

adequate.

The Ultimate Stress Design method is the second method of the design. In

this method, the stress condition at the site of impending collapse of the structure

is analyzed and the stress strain is considered in with the non-linear portion for the

ultimate strength of materials. The design analysis of structure fulfills selection of

appropriate materials, identification of those elements which consider the condition

of failure in the stress design method.

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This research will be of great help especially to the people living in Sitio

Quarry, Brgy. Mal-Cal, Cardona, Rizal. Through this, the transportation on the boat

dock will be efficient and it will be safer to travel on the boat dock.

Figure 9.

Data Flow Diagram of Proposed Bamboo Port in

Sitio Quarry Barangay Malanggam-Calubacan, Cardona, Rizal

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Research Instrument

The researchers used pre-evaluation questionnaire as a research

instrument to gather and analyze data. A pre-evaluation questionnaire conducted

as to determine the possibility of the design of boat dock in Sitio Quarry Barangay

Malanggam-Calubacan, Cardona, Rizal. It consists of the questions such as if the

people in the sitio are in favor of constructing a boat dock, if it is fine that it is made

of bamboo and anahaw, and if no they need to specify other materials.

The proponents pre-evaluate the 10% of the population in the sitio. In the first

question 100% said yes that they are in favor to construct a boat dock in their sitio.

In the second question 77.27% said yes that it is fine to use bamboo and anahaw

as a material in constructing the boat dock and the remaining 22.72% said no and

they suggest using concrete as a materials.

Approach and interview with different person such as engineers in municipal

office, residents in the said barangay, barangay officials and technical experts who

were liable and knowledgeable to this topic were considered by the researchers to

find out the situation of the sitio.

In addition, the researchers gathered some information from different

books, encyclopedia and internet that helped in contributing to this study and found

out the suitable solution.

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Procedure and Method of the Study

A Gantt Chart was used for planning and scheduling of the study. Here, the

following tasks and activities are displayed against suitable time scale.

First, the researchers did brainstorming for possible public issues that can

be resolved using their technical knowledge in Civil Engineering. They came up

with different title proposals in which the “Proposed Design of Boat Dock in Sitio

Quarry, Barangay Malanggam-Calubacan, Cardona, Rizal” has been approved.

Then, problem identification and analysis were made and preliminary

needed data were collected. This includes facts and information given by the

Kagawad of the Barangay, Hon. Aljerick SJ. Sta. Maria.

After the data gathering, the researchers utilized the internet, encyclopedia,

unpublished and publish sources, and magazines as references for the first and

second chapters of the study. Analyses and processes were consolidated and

integrated in the research technical design of the study.

After that, related literature and parallel studies had been studied. General

principles, analyses and processes were consolidated and integrated in the

research technical design of the study.

After data gathering and outline of the research methodology, the

researchers then started the analyses of different data.

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After all the data analyses, the actualization of the plan features was

designed. It was followed by the comparative analysis of the proposed project

versus the existing boat dock.

In the preliminary structural design of the terminal, the size of the various

member of the structural system selected for the amphibious house are estimated

based on the approximate analysis gained from past experiences and code

requirements. The member sizes thus selected were used in the next step to

estimate the weight of the structure.

Next is considering the very basic case, the most critical loadings that act

on the structure other than the self-weight are converted into loads. After

determining the loads that acts on the structure then the researchers can proceed

to the next step of the study which is the structure analysis.

In structural analysis, the values of the loads are used to carry out an

analysis of structures in order to determine that the stressed resultant in the

member at various parts of the structures. Also the Archimedes principle was

applied to determine if the designed boat dock will float considering the total weight

of the structure.

After doing the computation to determine the result of the analysis: the

values obtained determines whether the structure satisfies its requirements. When

the requirements were not satisfied, then the member sizes would be revised and

structural analysis would be repeated until the safety and service ability
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requirements were satisfied. It involves the final design of the structural members

that safety all the requirements needed for structure.

Project design model

The following are the principles and theories that were used for the boat

dock design:

For the buoyant foundation or Casco:

Archimedes principle

Buoyancy = weight of displayed liquid

Buoyancy is the phenomena (also known as buoyant force) is the force

exerted on an object that is wholly or partly immersed in a fluid.

Buoyant force is given by the following formulas:

In terms of pressure buoyant force Fb is given by

Fb = PA

Where: P = Pressure and

A = area

In terms of Volume, Height, and area.it is given by

Fb = ρgV = ρghA
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Where:

Fb = buoyant force of a liquid acting on an object (N)

ρ = density of the liquid (kg/m3)

g = gravitational acceleration (9.80 m/s2)

V = volume of liquid displaced (m3 or liters, where 1 m3 = 1000 L)