DAMODARAM SANJIVAYYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY

VISAKHAPATNAM, ANDHRA PRADESH

ACT 32 OF 2008

PROJECT TITLE- CENTRAL TRADE UNIONS AND ITS OBJECTIVE

SUBJECT- LABOUR LAW
TEACHER- Mr. R BHARATH KUMAR

SUBMITTED BY- HARSHIT MALVIYA

ROLL NO – 2016039
SEMESTER – FIFTH SEMESTER

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher owe a great thank to many people who helped and supported them during the
writing of this project. His deepest thanks to Mr. R BHARATH KUMAR for guiding and
correcting various documents of them with attention and care. He have taken pain to go through
the project and make necessary correction as and when needed. He express his thanks to the Vice
Chancellor of, [DAMODARAM SANJIVAYYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY,
VISAKHAPATNAM], for extending his support. Thanks and appreciation to the helpful people
at [DSNLU Library] for their support. He would also thank the Institution and the faculty
members without whom this project would have been a distant reality. He also extend his
heartfelt thanks to his family and well-wishers

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. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Type of Research of study is exploratory & descriptive in nature. The data is collected from
Questionnaire & Secondary Data is collected from the books, publication, Records of the
companies, Websites.

Objectives

To gain an understanding of central trade unions

To identify the objective of central trade union
To study the co-operation of employer and employees. Rationale With increasing education
level of workers, growing industries, foreign companies coming in, etc.

Scope

The study is undertaken central trade unions and its ojective is dynamic and developing
socioeconomic process. As such, there are 12 major central trade unions as the authors on the
subject. It is concerned with the systems and procedures used by unions and employers to
determine the reward for effort and other conditions of employment, to protect the interests of
the employed and their employers and to regulate the ways in which employers treat their
employees.

Review of Literature

http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/25033/17/8.1.%20introduction%20of%20rural
%20marketing.pdf.

Dunlop (1958) identified the main contextual variables like the technology, labour and product
markets, budgetary constraints and distribution of power within society. This is within a system
involving groups of actors bound together by a set of beliefs. These input factors were seen to

3|Page
have an impact upon. the rule making output of the IR system. This system as a whole was called
as systems approach.

http://www.pondiuni.edu.in/storage/dde/downloads/markivrm.pdf.

A wide array of problems hinders marketers in approaching rural areas with confidence. The lack
of fair weather roads, widely dispersed villages, low density of population, lack of bank and
credit facilities, multiple tiers, higher costs and administrative problems, and lack of retailers are
the problems in rural distribution. Intelligent way of approaching rural areas is required. The
emerging distribution approaches include: Cooperative societies, petrol bunks, agricultural input
dealers, NGOs, etc. Latest approaches include the direct to home selling methods: network
marketing and internet marketing

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 CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 6
 HISTORY ........................................................................................................................................... 7
 PHASES OF TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA ............................................................................ 8
 OBJECTIVES OF TRADE UNION ....................................................................................................... 12
 RECOGNISED CENTRAL TRADE UNION ORGANISATIONS AND THEIR OBJECTIVES ........................ 14
 CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................................. 24
 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................... 25
 Book ............................................................................................................................................... 25
 Online sites ................................................................................................................................... 25

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 INTRODUCTION

“A trade union is a combination of persons. Whether temporary or permanent, primarily for the
purpose of regulating the relations between workers and employers or between workers for
imposing restrictive conditions on the conduct of any trade or business and includes the
federations of two or more trade unions as per Sec. 2 (6) Trade Unions Act, 1926.1

“A Trade Union is an organisation of workers, acting collectively, who seek to protect and
promote their mutual interests through collective bargaining”.

Trade Unions have become an integral and powerful factor in the contemporary system of
production and distribution of goods and services. Modern industrialization has paved the way
for trade unions. They are now exercising a strong influence on the methods of production of
goods and services, their distribution, the allocation of economic resources, the volume of
employment and unemployment, the character of rights and privileges, policies of governments,
the attitude and status of large masses of population, and the very nature of economic and social
organisations. Under such conditions their role has evoked deep and wide controversies. For a
developing economy such as ours, trade unions and their policies are of special significance. As
such, in order to assess their functions, role and prospects, it is essential to go into the origin and
development of trade union movement and to outline the factors that helped them reach such a
strong and forceful position from a small and humble beginning. Trade union can be seen as a
group of employees in a particular sector, whose aim is to negotiate with employers over pay, job
security, working hours, etc, using the collective power of its members. In general, a union is
there to represent the interests of its members, and may even engage in political activity where
legislation affects their members. Trade unions are voluntary associations formed of protecting
the common interests of its members and also promote welfare. They protect the economic,
political and social interests of their members.Trade unions are formed to protect and promote
the interests of their members. Their primary function is to protect the interests of workers
against unfair labor practices, to provide good environment conditions to work for labour, job

1 Trade Unions Act, 1926, Act 16 of 1926.

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satisfaction, social security benefits explains about the injustice met out to an individual worker
and fights the management for justice.

HISTORY
The setting up of textile and clothing mills around the port cities of Bombay (now Mumbai),
Calcutta (now Kolkata), Madras (now Chennai) and Surat in the second half of the 19th century
led to the beginnings of the industrial workforce in India. Several incidents of strikes and protests
by workers have been recorded during this time. The credit for the first association of Indian
workers is generally given to the Bombay Mill-Hands Association founded by N.M. Lokhande in
1890. This was in the period just after the passing of the 'First' Factories Act in 1881 by the
British Government of the time. The following years saw the formation of several labour
associations and unions. The first clearly registered trade-union is considered to be the Madras
Labour Union founded by B.P.Wadia in 1918, while the first trade union federation to be set up
was the All India Trade Union Congress in 1920.

Following the rapid growth of unions around the time of the First World War, the Russian
Revolution and the setting up of the ILO - industrial conflict began to increase and over 1,000
strikes were recorded between 1920 and 1924. The waves of strikes boiled over with the arrest of
prominent leaders and trade-unionists in the infamous 'Cawnpore Conspiracy case' in 1924 with
the union leaders being arrested and accused of attempting a Communist revolution to try and
overthrow the ruling British government. Subsequently, the Trade Union Act (1926) was passed
which created the rules for the regulation and closer monitoring of Trade Unions. In the first year
of the law's operation, 28 unions registered and submitted returns with a total membership
100,6192. The number of unions grew rapidly after that and by the time of Independence of
India in 1947, there were 2,766 unions registered which had a combined membership of over
1.66 million. This resulted in a wide influence of unions and workers' organisations and led to
significantly favourable social legislation being enacted in the first decade of Independence.
Several important labour laws were passed during this time

2
Indian Labour Year Book, 1946

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 PHASES OF TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA

A. Pre-1918 Phase:

The setting up of textiles and jute mills and laying of the railways since 1850 payed the way for

that emergence of industrial activity and, in turn, labour movement in India3. Some researchers

have traced the origin of labour movement in India dated back to 1860. However, most of the

writers on the subject trace the history of labour movement in India since 1875.The first labour

agitation, under the guidance and leadership of Mr.S.S.Bengalee, a social reformist and

philanthropist, started in Bombay in 1875 to protect against the appalling conditions of workers

in factories, especially those of women and children and appealed to the authorities to introduce

legislation for the amelioration of their working conditions. As a result, the first Factory

Commission was appointed in Bombay in the year 1875 and the first Factories Act was passed in

1881. Mr. N. M. Lokhande may be said to be the founder of organised labour movement in India

who founded the first trade union in the country, namely, the Bombay Mill Hands Association

(1890).This was followed by a series of associations such as the Amalgamated Society of

Railway Servants in India (1897), The Printers’ Union of Calcutta (1905), The Madras and

Calcutta Postal Union (1907), and the Kamgar Hitwardhak Sabha (1910). All these unions aimed

at promoting welfare facilities for workers and spreading literacy among them.

B. 1918-1924 Phase:

The phase 1918-1924 is considered as the era of formation of modem trade unionism in the

country. The trade union movement got momentum just after the close of the World War I. The

postwar economic and political conditions contributed to the new awakening of class

3
Indian Law Institute: Labour Law and Labour Relations.

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consciousness among the workers. This led to the formation of trade unions in the truly modem

sense of the term.

As a result, Ahmedabad Textile Labour Association (1917), led by Shrimati Ansuyaben

Sarabhai; the Madras Labour Union (1918), led by B. P. Wadia; Indian Seamen’s Union,

Calcutta Clerk’s Union; and All India Postal and RMS Association were formed.

C. 1925-1934 Phase:

Approach in trade unionism got expression into violent strikes since 1924. The communists

gained influence in L trade union movement during this period. They split the Trade Union

Congress twice with their widening differences with the left-wing unionists.

The moderate section under the leadership of Mr. N. M. Joshi and Mr. V. V. Giri seceded from

the Congress and set up a separate organization named the National Trade Unions Federation

(NTUF). With increasing hardships of workers, the signs of militant tendencies and

revolutionary4. Another split in AITUC took place in 1931 at its Calcutta session when the

extreme left wing under the leadership of Messrs S. V. Deshpande and B T Randive broke away

and formed a separate organization, namely, the All India Red Trade Union Congress Two Years

later, the National Federation of Labour was formed to facilitate unity among all the left-wing

organizations of labour. As a result, the AITUF and NFL merged to form the National Trade

Union Federation (NTUF).

Another important feature of this period was the passing of two Acts, namely, the Trade Unions

Act 1926 and the Trade Disputes Act, 1929 which also gave a fillip to the growth of trade

unionism in India. The former Act provided for voluntary registration and conferred certain

4
Ibid 3

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rights and privileges upon registered unions in return for obligations. The later Act provided for

the settlement of trade unions. This phase of the Indian labour movement may be described as

The Period of Left Wing Trade Unionism.

D. 1935-1938 Phase:

The Indian National Congress was in power in seven provinces in 1937. This injected unity in

trade unions. As a result, the All India Red Trade Union Congress itself with the AITUC in 1935.

After three years in 1938, the National Trade Union Congress (NTUC) also affiliated with the

AITUC. Other factors that contributed to the revival of trade unions were increasing awakening

among the workers to their rights and change in the managerial attitude towards trade unions.

In 1938, one of the most developments took place was the enactment of the Bombay Industrial

Disputes Act, 1938. An important provision of the Act, inter alia, to accord compulsory

recognition of unions by the employers gave a big fillip to the growth of trade unionism in

India5.

E. 1939-1946 Phase:

Like World War I, the World War II also brought chaos in industrial front of the country. Mass

retrenchment witnessed during the post-World War II led to the problem of unemployment .This

compelled workers to join unions to secure their jobs. This resulted in big spurt in the

membership of registered trade unions from 667 in 1939-40 to 1087 in 1945-46.

So much workers in the registered trade unions witnessed a phenomenal increase from 18,612 to

38,570 during the same period. The AITUC again split in 1941 when Dr. Aftab Ali, President of

5
https://labour.gov.in

10 | P a g e
the Seamen s Association, Calcutta disaffiliated his union from the Congress and formed a new

organization known as the “Indian Federation of Labour”.

The year 1946 was also marked by two important enactments, namely, the Industrial

Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 and the Bombay Industrial Relations Act, 1946. Both

the Acts, through their provisions, contributed to strengthen the trade unionism in the country.

F. 1947 and Since:

Proliferation of trade unions in the pattern of proliferation of political parties has been a

distinguishing feature in the trade union history of India during the post-Independence period. In

May 1947, the Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) was formed by the nationalists

and moderates and was controlled by the Congress Party. Since by then, the AITUC is controlled

by the Communists6.

The Congress socialists who stayed in AITUC at the time of the formation of INTUC
subsequently formed the Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS) in 1948 under the banner of the Praja
Socialist Party. Subsequently, the HMS was split up with a group of socialist and formed a
separate association, namely, “Bhartiya Mazdoor Sabha” (BMS) which is now an affiliate of the
Bhartiya Janata Party (B JP). Years after, the communist party split into various fractions
forming the United Trade Union Congress (UTUC) and the Center of Indian Trade Unions
(CITU).

Later again, a group disassociated itself from the UTUC and formed another UTUC—Lenin

Sarani. Of late, with the emergence of regional parties since 1960, most of the regional parties

have shown its inclination to a trade union wing, thus, adding to the proliferation of trade unions

6
www.labourlawresearch.net

11 | P a g e
in the country. Thus, it is clear that the origin and growth of trade union movement in India is

riddled with fragmented politicization.

OBJECTIVES OF TRADE UNION

a. Pay scale and salary

The subject which drew the major attention of the trade unions is wages and salaries. Of course,
this item may be related to policy matters7. However, differences may arise in the process of
their implementation. In the case of unorganised sector the trade union plays a crucial roles in
bargaining the pay scale.

b. Working Conditions:

Trade unions with a view to safeguard the health of workers demands the management to
provide all the basic facilities such as, lighting and ventilation, sanitation, rest rooms, safety
equipment while discharging hazardous duties, drinking, refreshment, minimum working hours,
leave and rest, holidays with pay, job satisfaction, social security benefits and other welfare
measures.

c. Discipline:

Trade unions not only conduct negotiations in respect of the items with which their working
conditions may be improved but also fight against improper implementation of personnel
policies in respect of recruitment, selection, promotions, transfers, training, etc fight against
improper implementation of personnel policies in respect of recruitment, selection, promotions,
transfers, training, etc.

.This victimisation may take the form of penal transfers, suspensions, dismissals, etc. In such a
situation the seperated worker who is left in a helpless condition may approach the trade union.
Ultimately the problem may be brought to the notice of management by the trade union and it

7
Brown,D.J.M(2006)Indian Labour Arbitration,4th ed.New Delhi:Canada Law Book.

12 | P a g e
explains about the injustice met out to an individual worker and fights the management for
justice. Thus, the victimised worker may be protected by the trade union.

d. Personnel Policies:

Trade unions may fight against improper implementation of personnel policies in respect of
recruitment, selection, promotions, transfers, training, etc.

e. Welfare:

As stated earlier, trade unions are meant for the welfare of workers. Trade union works as a
guide, consulting authority and cooperates in overcoming the personnel problems of workers. It
may bring to the notice of management, through collective bargaining meetings, the difficulties
of workers in respect of sanitation, hospitals, quarters, schools and colleges for their children’s
cultural and social problems.

f. Employee-employer relation:

Harmonious relations between the employees and employer is a sine quo non for industrial
peace. A trade union always strives for achieving this objective. However, the bureaucratic
attitude and unilateral thinking of management may lead to conflicts in the organisation which
ultimately disrupt the relations between the workers and management. Trade union, being the
representative of all the workers, may carry out continuous negotiations with the management
with a view to promote industrial peace.

g. Negotiating machinery:

Negotiations include the proposals made by one party and the counter proposals of the other
party. This process continues until the parties reach an agreement. Thus, negotiations are based
on ‘give and take’ principle. Trade union being a party for negotiations, protects the interests of
workers through collective bargaining. Thus, the trade union works as the negotiating
machinery.

h. Safeguarding organisational health and the interest of the industry:

Organisational health can be diagnosed by methods evolved for grievance redressal and
techniques adopted to reduce the rate of absenteeism and labour turnover and to improve the

13 | P a g e
employee relations8. Trade unions by their effective working may achieve employee satisfaction.
Thus, trade unions help in reducing the rate of absenteeism, labour turnover and developing
systematic grievance settlement procedures leading to harmonious industrial relations. Trade
unions can thus fight against improper implementation of personnel policies in respect of
recruitment, selection, promotions, transfers, training, etc.

RECOGNISED CENTRAL TRADE UNION ORGANISATIONS AND THEIR

OBJECTIVES

In India the Trade Union movement is generally divided on political lines. According to
provisional statistics from the Ministry of Labour, trade unions had a combined membership of
24,601,589 in 2002. As of 2008, there are 12 Central Trade Union Organisations (CTUO)
recognised by the Ministry of Labour.

1. All India Central Council of Trade Unions (Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)
Liberation)

All India Central Council of Trade Unions, a central trade union federation in India. AICCTU is
politically attached to Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation. According to
provisional statistics from the Ministry of Labour, AICCTU had a membership of 639,962 in
2002.

Objective9

1. To safeguard the health of workers, to provide all the basic facilities such as, lighting and
ventilation, sanitation, rest rooms, safety equipment while discharging hazardous duties,
drinking, refreshment, minimum working hours, leave and rest, holidays with pay, job
satisfaction.

8
Ibid 7
9
cpiml.org

14 | P a g e
 2. Expeditious enforcement and appropriate amendment of existing labour legislation in
their interest.
3. To inculcate in the minds of the workers the spirit of service, cooperation and dutifulness
and develop in them a sense of responsibility towards the nation in general and industry
in particular.
4. To educate the labour by organising worker’s training classes, study circles, guest
lectures, seminars, symposia, excursions etc., in cooperation with institutions and
organisations having similar aims and objects such as the Central Board of Workers
Education. Labour Research Centre, Universities etc., and also to maintain libraries.

2. All India Trade Union Congress (Communist Party of India)

The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) is the oldest trade union federations in India and
one of the five largest. According to provisional statistics from the Ministry of Labour, AITUC
had a membership of 2,677,979 in 2002. It was founded on 31 October 1920 in Bombay by Lala
Lajpat Rai and a few others and, until 1945 when unions became organised on party lines, it was
the primary trade union organisation in India. Since then it has been associated with the
Communist Party of India. AITUC is governed by a body headed by General Secretary Gurudas
Dasgupta, a politician affiliated with Communist Party of India. AITUC is a founder member of
the World Federation of Trade Unions.

Objective10

1. To adopt peaceful means for the settlement of labour disputes.

2. The right to work, the right for security of service and for social security, the right to
conduct trade union activities and the right to strike as a last resort after having exhausted
other legitimate methods of trade unionism for redressal of grievances.
3. Improvement in conditions of work, life and social and industrial status.
4. A living wage consistent with a national minimum and due share in the profits in their
respective industries as partners.

10
cpi.org

15 | P a g e
 3. All India United Trade Union Centre (Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist))

The All India United Trade Union Centre (AIUTUC) is a Central Trade Union Organisation in
India and the labour wing of the Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist). Presently its
activities are spread over 19 states. The organisation claims to have 600 affiliated unions,
comprising an individual membership of over two million. It is the 6th largest trade union in
India. According to provisional statistics from the Ministry of Labour, UTUC-LS had a
membership of 1,368,535 in 2002.

Objective11

1. Harmonious relations between the employees and employer by carry out continuous
negotiations with the management with a view to promote industrial peace.

2. To bring about unity in the trade union movement

3. To secure and preserve work for the workers:

4. Enactment of new labour laws from time to time in consultation with the labour
representatives.

4. Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh)

The Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (Indian Workers' Union) is the largest central trade union
organization in India. It was founded by Dattopantji Thengdi on July 23, 1955, which also
happens to the birthday of Bal Gangadhar Tilak. The BMS itself claims to have over 8.3 million
members. At present it is estimated around 5860 unions are affiliated to the BMS. According to
provisional statistics from the Ministry of Labour, the BMS had a membership of 6215797 in
2002. It can also be noted that the BMS is not affiliated to any International Trade Union
Confederation. Girish Awasthi is the current president of the organization, and Mr.Lakshma
Reddy its General Secretary.

11
www.wftucentral.org

16 | P a g e
Objective12

1. Complete utilisation of manpower and resources leading to full employment and maximum
production

2. Replacement of profit motive by service motive and establishment of economic democracy

resulting in equitable distribution of wealth to the best advantage of all individual citizens
and of the national as a whole.

3. Provision of work with living wage to every individual through maximum industrialisation
of the nation.

4. To assist the affiliated unions in the formation of state BMS units and Industrial Federations
as constituent units of the BMS

5. Indian National Trade Union Congress (Indian National Congress)

Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) is the trade union wing of the Indian National
Congress. It was founded May 3, 1947, and is affiliated with the International Trade Union
Confederation. According to provisional statistics from the Ministry of Labour, INTUC had a
membership of 3,892,011 in 2002.

Objective13

1. To place industry under national ownership and control in suitable form in order to realise
the aforesaid objectives in the quickest time.

2. To organise society in such a manner as to ensure full employment and the best utilisation
of its manpower and other resources.

3. To secure increasing association of the worker in the administration of industry and their
full participation in its control.

12
www.bms.org.in

13
https://www.intuc.net

17 | P a g e
 4. To promote generally the social civic and political interest of the working class to secure an
effective and complete organisation of all categories of workers, including agricultural
labour.

6. Indian National Trinamool Trade Union Congress (All India Trinamool Congress)

Indian National Trinamool Trade Union Congress is a trade union organisation of India
politically associated with All India Trinamool Congress. is today one of biggest assembly of
workers and classes of India. It has strong unchallangeable presence in the Indian states of West
Bengal.

Objective14

1. Reducing the rate of absenteeism, labour turnover and developing systematic grievance
settlement procedures leading to harmonious industrial relations.
2. To assist workers in organising themselves in trade unions as a medium of service to the
motherland irrespective of faiths and political affinities.
3. To guide, direct, supervise and coordinate the activities of the affiliated unions.
4. To enable the workers to strive successfully for the ultimate realisation of the above
objects and to strengthen them, in the meanwhile, to make their own contribution to the
cause of protecting and promoting their interest consistent with those of the community.

7. Centre for Indian Trade Unions (Communist Party of India (Marxist))

Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU) is a National level Trade Union in India politically
attached to the Communist Party of India (Marxist). The Centre of Indian Trade Unions is today
one of biggest assembly of workers and classes of India. It has strong unchallangeable presence
in the Indian states of West Bengal, Kerala and Tripura besides a good presence in Tamil Nadu,
Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. It has presence in almost all of the Indian statesAccording to the
provisional statistics from the Ministry of Labour, CITU had a membership of 3,222,532 in

14
aitcofficial.org/party

18 | P a g e
2002.Chittabrata Majumdar was the General Secretary of CITU from 2003-2007. 12th
Conference (held in January 2007) of CITU re-elected him as its General Secretary. But he died
on 20 February 2007. The General Council of CITU met on 17 May 2007 and elected
Mohammed Amin as its new General Secretary.

Objective15

1. To guide and co-ordinate the activities of the affiliated organisations.

2. To assist and co-ordinate the activities of the affiliated organisations.

3. To assist in the formation of trade unions.

4. To promote the organisation of workers of each industry on a nationwide basis.

8. Hind Mazdoor Sabha (socialists)

The Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS, a Hindi name with approximate meaning 'Workers Assembly
of India') is a national trade union center in India.The HMS was founded in Howrah on
December 24, 1948, by socialists, Forward Bloc followers and independent unionists. Its
founders included Basawon Singh (Sinha), Ashok Mehta, R.S. Ruikar, Maniben Kara, Shibnath
Banerjee, R.A. Khedgikar, T.S. Ramanujam, V.S. Mathur, G.G. Mehta. R.S. Ruikar was elected
president and Ashok Mehta general secretary. HMS absorbed the Royist Indian Federation of
Labour and the socialist Hind Mazdoor Panchayat. In March 1949, HMS claimed to have 380
affiliated unions with a combined membership of 618,802.

Objective16

1. To assist in the formation of Regional or Pradesh Branches or Federations.

2. To secure speedy improvement of conditions of work and life and of the status of the workers
in industry and society.

15
indianlabour.org

16
www.hindmazdoorsabha.com

19 | P a g e
3. To obtain for the workers various measures of social security, including adequate provision
in respect of accidents, maternity, sickness, old age and unemployment.

4. To secure a living wage for every worker in normal employment and to bring about a
progressive improvement in the workers standard of living.

9. Labour Progressive Federation (Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam)

Labour Progressive Federation, trade union federation in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
The LPF is politically attached to Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. According to provisional
statistics from the Ministry of Labour, LPF had a membership of 611,506 in 2002. The president
of LPF is C. Kuppusamy.Telecom Employees Progressive Union is an affiliate of Labour
Progressive Federation. The Union is shortly called TEPU that represents BSNL workers of
India. The website of the union is tepuchq.org

Objective17

1. To carry out continuous negotiations with the management with a view to promote industrial
peace.
2. To regulate hours and other conditions of work in keeping with the conditions of the
workers and to ensure the proper enforcement of legislation for the protection and up-lift of
labour.
3. To establish just industrial relations.
4. To secure redressal of grievances, without stoppages of work, by means of negotiations and
conciliation and failing these by arbitration or adjudication.

10. SEWA

The Self-Employed Women's Association of India (SEWA) is a trade union for poor, self-
employed women workers in India. SEWA was founded in 1972 by the noted Gandhian and civil
rights leader Dr Ela Bhatt. SEWA's main office is located in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, and it works

17
lpf.org.in

20 | P a g e
in several states of India. SEWA had a membership of 966,139 in the year 2008. SEWA
members are women who earn a living through their own labour or small businesses. They do
not obtain regular salaried employment with welfare benefits like workers in the organized
sector. They are the unprotected labour force of India. Constituting 93% of the labour force,
these are workers of the unorganized sector. Of the female labour force in India, more than 94%
are in the unorganized sector. However their work is not counted and hence remains invisible.

Objective18

1. To organize women workers for full employment and self-reliance.

2. To mainstream marginalized, poor women in the informal sector and lift them out of their
poverty.
3. To help and train women in the construction trades.
4. To improve water quality by training some of their members to repair pumps for wells
and campaigning for underground water tanks for drought prone areas.

11. Trade Union Coordination Committee (All India Forward Bloc)

Trade Union Coordination Committee, a central trade union federation in India. TUCC is
politically attached to All India Forward Bloc. According to provisional statistics from the
Ministry of Labour, TUCC had a membership of 732,760 in 2002. The general secretary is
Nripendra Kumar Mahto.Krishi Shramik Union (Agricultural Labour Union) is affiliated to
TUCC.In Pune, the Ammunition Factory Khadki (AFK) Employees Union and the Dehu Road
Ordnance Factory Employees Union are affiliated to TUCC.

Objective19

1. To brought to the notice of management by the trade union and explains about the injustice
met out to an individual worker and fights the management for justice.

18
www.sewa.org

19
https://forwardbloc.org

21 | P a g e
2. To take recourse to other legitimate method, including strikes or any suitable form of
satyagraha, where adjudication is not applied and settlement of disputes within a reasonable
time by arbitration is not available for the redress of grievances.

3. To make necessary arrangements for the efficient conduct satisfactory and speedy conclusion
of authorised strikes or satyagraha

4. .To foster the spirit of solidarity, service, brotherhood co-operation and mutual help among
the workers.

12. United Trade Union Congress (Revolutionary Socialist Party)

United Trade Union Congress is a central trade union organisation in India. UTUC is politically
tied to Revolutionary Socialist Party. Abani Roy is the general secretary of UTUC. According to
provisional statistics from the Ministry of Labour, UTUC had a membership of 383,946 in
2002.UTUC was founded at an All India Labour Conference in Calcutta, May 1, 1949. The
founding president was professor K.T. Shah, a member of the Constituent Assembly from
Bombay, and the founding general secretary was Mrinal Kanti Bose, a former AITUC president
from Bengal. At the time of its foundation, Bose claimed that the organisation consisted of 236
unions with a combined membership of 3,44,428. Initially, UTUC profiled itself as an
independent trade union centre, organising members of different leftwing factions. In 1953 the
Deputy Labour Minister of India, Abid Ali, estimated the UTUC membership at 384 962. At the
time UTUC had 332 affiliated unions.

Objective20

1. To fight against improper implementation of personnel policies in respect of recruitment,

selection, promotions, transfers, training, etc fight against improper implementation of
personnel policies in respect of recruitment, selection, promotions, transfers, training, etc.

2. To establish an order of society which is free from hindrance in the way on an all round
development of its individual members, which fosters the growth of human personality in all

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 its aspects and goes to the utmost limit in progressively eliminating social political or
economic exploitation and inequality, the profit motive in the economic activity and
organisation of society and the anti-social concentration in any form.

3. To develop in the workers a sense of responsibility towards the industry and community.

4. To raise the workers' standard of efficiency and discipline.

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 CONCLUSION

Trade Unions have become an integral and powerful factor in the contemporary system of
production and distribution of goods and services. Modern industrialization has paved the way
for trade unions. They are now exercising a strong influence on the methods of production of
goods and services, their distribution, the allocation of economic resources, the volume of
employment and unemployment, the character of rights and privileges, policies of governments,
the attitude and status of large masses of population, and the very nature of economic and social
organisations. Under such conditions their role has evoked deep and wide controversies. For a
developing economy such as ours, trade unions and their policies are of special significance. As
such, in order to assess their functions, role and prospects, it is essential to go into the origin and
development of trade union movement and to outline the factors that helped them reach such a
strong and forceful position from a small and humble beginning. Trade union can be seen as a
group of employees in a particular sector, whose aim is to negotiate with employers over pay, job
security, working hours, etc, using the collective power of its members. In general, a union is
there to represent the interests of its members, and may even engage in political activity where
legislation affects their members. Trade unions are voluntary associations formed of protecting
the common interests of its members and also promote welfare. They protect the economic,
political and social interests of their members.Trade unions are formed to protect and promote
the interests of their members. Their primary function is to protect the interests of workers
against unfair labor practices, to provide good environment conditions to work for labour, job
satisfaction, social security benefits explains about the injustice met out to an individual worker
and fights the management for justice.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Book
 Bhattacharjee, A. (2007), Industrial Relations in India: Structure, Trends &
Developments, Presentation at the ‘Conditions’, 29-European Foundation for the
Improvement of Living and Working Conditions Workshop, ILO, Geneva, November 29
-30, 2007.(P1-20).
 Bhatterjee, D and Souza,E.D (2011) Employment and Industrial Relations in India
 Subramanian, K.N (1967), Labour Management Relations in India, Asia publication
house New Delhi.

Online sites
 http://www.bvimsr.com/documents/publication/2009V1N1/16.pdf
 http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/industries/4-industrial-dispute-settlement-machineries-
for-settling-industrial-disputes-in-india/27993
 https://www.journalijdr.com/sites/default/files/issue-pdf/9540.pdf
 http://www.pondiuni.edu.in/storage/dde/downloads/hrmiii_irm.pdf
 http://14.139.60.114:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/16833/1/048_Industrial%20Relation
s%20Machinery%20-
%20Structure%2C%20Working%20and%20the%20Law%20%281983%29%20%28580-
583%29.pdf
 http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43613/8/chapter%201%20page%201%2
0-%2039.pdf
 http://www.psnacet.edu.in/courses/MBA/HRM/23.pdf

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