Introduction

Load estimates are the summation of heat transfer elements into (gains) or out of (losses) the
spaces of a building. Each heat transfer element is called load components, which can be
assembled into one of three basic groups, external space loads, internal space loads and system
loads. To properly understand the workings of the various external, internal and system load
components, the following items need to be gathered from a set of plans, existing building
surveys or occupant interviews:

• Building square-footage and volume

• Orientation of the building (sun effects on surfaces)

• Year round weather data (design conditions, heat transfer)

• Use of the spaces within the building (offices, conference room, lab, data

center)

we Calculate the summer sensible load for the West Street Video Building using the Heat load
calculation methods divided the whole system into two zones ,calculated heat transfer for
slabs,wall,doors,window,floor,and roof of each zone

.
1 Load Calculation For Left side

Given Condition And City Location

Cooling
Lat. Elev. Heating (MWB)
Location
(N) (Ft) (F)

Baltimore 39 154 11 75

Table 1 Initial Condition for Heat Load Designing

Drawing of Floor Plan

Figure 1 Floor plan

Heat Transfer through Slab Floor
As qslab= (Fs* Pald) (to-ti)

qslab= Heating Load of Slab = ?

As qslab= (Fs* Pald) (to-ti) ………eq (1)

Pald = Perimeter of left side of building = (40 ’ + 40’ + 40’ ) = 120ft

Fs = 0.73

to-ti = Temprature difference = 64oF

So slab Heat Load

Putting Values in eq(1)

qslab= (120) *(0.73) * (64)

qslab = 5606.5 Btu/hr

Heat Transfer through Back Door

qdoor= Back door Heating Load = ?

qdoor= Udoor* Adoor* (to-ti) ……..eq (2)

Adoor= Area of Back Door=(6.8*3) = 20.4ft2

Udoor=0.4Btu/h.F.ft2

qdoor=0.4*20.4*64

qdoor=522.4 Btu/hr
Figure 2 door Plan drawing

Store Ventilation/infiltration Heating Load:

qvent=1.08*Qcfm*(to-ti) =?………… (eq 3)

Qcfm =Ach *Afloor* Hceiling /60 =? …….(eq 4)

qvent=Ventilation Heating Load

Afloor =Area of floor=1600ft2

Hceiling=Height of ceiling =16ft

Putting values in eq.4 we have

Qcfm=0.5*16*1600/60

Qcfm=213.33 cfm

Now putting above values in eq.4 we have

qvent=1.08*213.33*64

Qvent=14745.36 Btu/hr

Heat Transfer through window :

qwindow=Uwindow * Awindow * (to-ti) …… (eq.5)

qwindow=Heat Load Calculation For window

Uwindow = Heat Transfer Coefficient for window = 0.87 Btu/h oF.ft2

Awindow=Area of window=72*3ft2=216ft2

Putting Values in eq.5 we have

qwindow= 0.87*216 *64

Heat Load
qwindow CalculationBtu/hr
=12026.88 For Roof
Btu/hr
QRoof =URoof*ARoof* (to-ti) ……. (eq.7)

QRoof=Heat Load For Roof

o 2
URoof =Heat Transfer Coeffiecient for Roof =1/R =(1/15)= 0.066 Btu/h F.ft

Where
o 2
R=5*3= 15 Btu/h F.ft

ARoof=40 *40=1600ft2

Putting values in eq.7 we have

QRoof =0.066*1600*64

QRoof=6758.5 Btu/hr
2 Heat Load Calculation for Right Side

Heat Transfer through Floor

Qslab=Fs *Phldu*(to-ti)………eq(8)

Qslab= Heat Load of Slab Floor

Fs=0.73

Phldu=Perimeter of slab=40+40+40=120ft

Putting values in eq.8

Qslab=0.73*120*64

Qslab=5606.4 Btu/hr

Heat Transfer through Door:

QDoor =UDoor*ADoor* (to-ti) ……. (eq.7)

QDoor=Heat load of door

o 2
UDoor=Heat Transfer coefficient of door =0.4 Btu/h F.ft

ADoor=Area of Door =(6.8*4)=20.4ft2

Putting values in eq.7 we have

Qdoor=0.4*20.4*64

Qdoor=522.4 Btu/hr
Store Ventilation/infiltration Heating Load:
Qvent=Store Ventilation Load

qvent=1.08*Qcfm*(to-ti) =?………… (eq 8)

Qcfm =Ach *Afloor* Hceiling /60 =? …….(eq 9)

qvent=Ventilation Heating Load

Afloor =Area of floor=1600ft2

Hceiling=Height of ceiling =16ft

Putting values in eq.4 we have

Qcfm=0.5*16*1600/60

Qcfm=213.33 cfm
Now putting above values in eq.9 we have

qvent=1.08*213.33*64

Qvent=14745.36 Btu/hr
Thermal Resistance OF Wall material:

R-Value
Wall Material Refrance/Table
(h*f*ft/Btu)

Outside surface 0.17 7.1

08 Inch Block 2 7.1

R-13 13 7.1
5/8 inch dry Wall 0.56 7.1
Inside surface 0.68 7.1

R-Total 16.41

Table 2 Wall Thermal RFesistance

Cross Section Views Of walls

Figure 3 Walls cross section views

Heat Transfer through Calculation For Wall
Qwall=Uwall*Awall* (to-ti) ……. (eq.10)

Qwall=Heat Load For Wall

o 2
As Uwall=Heat Transfer Coeffecient for wall=1/R =1/16.41=0.06 Btu/h F.ft

Adoor= 3*6.8ft2

Awall=Area of Wall = 40*16*3 = 1920 -22.8-216 =1683.6ft2

Putting above values in eq.10 we have

Qwall=0.06*1683.6*64

Qwall=6465 Btu/hr

Heat Transfer through F Roof

QRoof =URoof*ARoof* (to-ti) ……. (eq.11)

QRoof=Heat Load For Roof

o 2
URoof =Heat Transfer Coeffiecient for Roof =1/R =(1/15)= 0.066 Btu/h F.ft

Where
o 2
R=5*3= 15 Btu/h F.ft

ARoof=40 *40=1600ft2

Putting values in eq.11 we have

QRoof =0.066*1600*64

QRoof
QRoof=6758.5 Btu/hr
Heat Transfer through For Wall
Qwall=Uwall*Awall* (to-ti) ……. (eq.6)

Qwall=Heat Load For Wall

o 2
As Uwall=Heat Transfer Coeffecient for wall=1/R =1/16.41=0.06 Btu/h F.ft

Adoor= 3*6.8ft2

Awall=Area of Wall = 40*16*3 = 1920 -22.8 =1897.2ft2

Putting above values in eq.4 we have

Qwall=0.06*1897.2*64

Qwall=7284.5 Btu/hr
Total Head Load Calculation for Left Side

HEAT LOAD BTU/HR

Qvent
14745.36

Qslab 5606.5

Qdoor
522.4

Qroof
6758.5

Qwall
7284.5

Total
34917.26
Table 1 LHS Load Calculation

Total Head Load Calculation for Left Side

HEAT LOAD BTU/HR

Qslab 5606.4

Qwall
6465

Qdoor
522.4

Qwindow
12026.88

Qroof
6758.5

Qvent
14745.4

Total 46124.58
Table 1 RHS Load Calculation

Total Load Of The system

As We divided the total system into two zones zone 1 left side, Zone 2 right sisde

So the total of the system is Qs

Qs=Heat Load of Left side +Heat Load of Right side

Qs=34917.5+46124.58

Qs=81042.08 Btu/hr
Qs= 81042.08/12 Ton of Referigeration

Qs=6.75 tor
II. Equipment Sizing

Figure 4 Equipment and cooling cycle for air conditioning system

(2) mixes with required amount of outdoor air

(1) at point (3) for acceptable indoor air quality and energy saving. The mixture is then

cooled and dehumidified to ADP

(4) at the cooling coil. The actual off-coil condition is

represented as

(5) due to inefficiency (bypass) of cooling coil. The conditioned air is

supplied to the room through the supply fan, supply duct, and ceiling diffuser

(6). Supply air then absorbs the sensible and latent load from the space, becoming the space
air (2).

Room air is returned back to the cooling unit again and forms a closed cycle. Part of the
return air is exhausted to balance the outdoor air intake and infiltration

Air need To maintain a constant Temprature

The air quantity required offsetting simultaneously the room sensible and latent loads and the
air quantity required through the apparatus to handle the total sensible and latent loads may
be calculated, using the conditions on their respective RSHF and GSHF lines. For a particular
application, when both the RSHF and GSHF ratio lines are plotted on the psychrometric chart,
the intersection of the two lines represents the

Figure 5 GSH And RSH ratio Lines

Where RSH = ql=1.08×Q(cfm)×(Treturn-Tsupply) ……..eq(13)

So

CFM = total volume /60

Also we can calculate cfm from

Qcfm= ql/(1.08* (Treturn-Tsupply)……..eq(14)

Left Side Calculations:

Assumptions:
Let Relative humidity =50%

Supply temperature = 57 0F

We know return Temprature =77 0F

qs= 34917.26 Btu/hr

putting above values in eq (14) we have

Air flow rate (CFM) = 34917 / [1.08 x (77 - 57)]

Air flow rate (CFM)=1616cfm

Estimation of required specific humidity of the supply air using

The simplified psychrometric equation ql=4680×Q(cfm)×(Wreturn-Wsupply).

As From the table 6.5

Dry bulb temprature =830F

Wet bulb temprature =770F

So from the psychometric chart

Relative humidity =80%

As we we maintain 50%

So

Wreturn=80
Wsupply=50

So Given equation

ql=4680*Qcfm*( Wreturn - Wsupply )……………..eq(15)

so putting values in eq 15 we have

ql=4680*1616*(80-50)

specific humidity =226886400

Right Side Calculations:

Assumptions:
Let Relative humidity =50%

Supply temperature = 57 0F

We know return Temprature =77 0F

qs=46124.58 Btu/hr

putting above values in eq (14) we have

Air flow rate (CFM) =46124.58/ [1.08 x (77 - 57)]

Air flow rate (CFM)=2134.7cfm

Estimation of required specific humidity of the supply air using

The simplified psychrometric equation ql=4680×Q(cfm)×(Wreturn-Wsupply).

As From the table 6.5

Dry bulb temprature =830F

Wet bulb temprature =770F

So from the psychometric chart

Relative humidity =80%

As we we maintain 50%

So

Wreturn=80

Wsupply=50

So Given equation

ql=4680*Qcfm*( Wreturn - Wsupply )……………..eq(15)

so putting values in eq 15 we have

ql=4680*2134*(80-50)

specific humidity =299613600

Total Air Flow need To maintain a constant Temprature

Total cfm =CFM of Left side +CFM of right side

So

Total Cfm=2134+1616

Total Air Flow Rate = 3750 CFM

Total Energy Consumption through COOLING
As we know

12000Btu/hr =1ton=3.5KW

So

6.75 ton =6.75*3.51

Total Energy consumption = 23.69KW

Total Energy Consumption by Air Flow

As Power Required by a fan = CFM*dp/(3969*fan efficiency) ……. Eq(16)

Total CFM=3750

Let dp=14.7 psi

And

Fan efficiency=80%

So putting values in eq.16 we have

Fan Hp = 3750*14.7/(3979*0.8)

Fan Power= 17.31

Conclusion:
The air around us is mixture of dry air and water vapor, and can be modeled as a mixture of
these two ideal gasses. The study of moist air is called psychometric. The properties of this
mixture of moist air at a given pressure are displayed on a psychrometric chart. Proper analysis
of air-conditioning processes is crucial in accurately computing the volume flow rates of air
through the air-conditioning ducts. This phase, in an air-conditioning design process, follows the
load calculation phase.

Psychrometric analysis also enables the designer to account for other smaller loads that may be
imposed on the system such as ducts and fans in equipment sizing. By identifying the different
state points of the air as it passes through the duct system and over the supply and return fans,
the volume flow rates of air computed by the analysis become necessarily inclusive of the
effects of the ducts and fans in equipment sizing.