Signals and Systems

Examples of signals and systems
x(t )  sin t 


t
2 1 0 1 2

Audio
Output

+V c

R1 RC 23.0
Temperature 22.0 22.3
21.6
Display 21.0 20.9
20.2
Thermal R in
V
Resistor in
Voltage
to
Vo Temperature k
R2 S M T W H F S
Conversion
Input Output
Signal System Signal
 Classification of signals

(i) continuous-time and discrete-time signals;

(ii) analog and digital signals;
(iii) periodic and aperiodic (or nonperiodic) signals;
(iv) energy and power signals;
(v) deterministic and probabilistic signals;
(vi) even and odd signals.
(i) continuous‐time and discrete‐time signals;

x(t )  sin t 



t
2 1 0 1 2

xk   sin 0.25k 


2 6
k
8 6 4 0 2 4 8

x[kT ], k = 0,±1,±2,±3, . . . ,
T denotes the time interval between two consecutive samples.
 (i) continuous‐time and discrete‐time signals;
EJ: 1. Consider the CT signal x(t ) = sin(πt ) in as a function of time
t . Discretize the signal using a sampling interval of T = 0.25 s,
and sketch the waveform of the resulting DT sequence for the
range −8 ≤ k ≤ 8.

EJ: x((tt )
2. 1

t
 0.5 0.5
(ii) analog and digital signals;

1.125

0.875

0.625

0.375
Signal Value

0.125

0.125

0.375

0.625

0.875

1.125
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Sampling time t = kT
(iii) periodic and aperiodic (or nonperiodic) signals;

A CT signal x(t ) is said to be periodic if it satisfies the following

property:
x(t ) = x(t + T0),

DT signal x[k] is said to be periodic if it satisfies

x[k] = x[k + K0]

Signal that is not periodic is called an aperiodic or non-periodic signal.

(iii) periodic and aperiodic (or nonperiodic) signals;

t
4 2 0 2 4 t
3

 

t t
2 1 0 1 2 0

 3
2
1
 2 6 k k
8 6 4 0 2 4 8
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
(iii) periodic and aperiodic (or nonperiodic) signals;
(iii) periodic and aperiodic (or nonperiodic) signals;
x1 t   sin 2t 


t
2 1 0 1 2

x2 t   sin 4t 


t
2 1 0 1 2
(iii) periodic and aperiodic (or nonperiodic) signals;
 (iii) periodic and aperiodic (or nonperiodic) signals;
EJ:
 (iii) periodic and aperiodic (or nonperiodic) signals;
g1 t   3 sin 4t   7 cos3t 

10

6 2s

2

4

6 g 2 t   3 sin 4t   7 cos10t 

8 10

10 8

4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 6
2s
4

2

4

6

8

10
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4