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ORONA II

Naol Debele
Mission
Teaching citizens to research, design, build, and conduct hands-on
scientific experiments, Orona works to empower all citizens.
Why
Gathering place for people who
want to learn and grow their interests

And

Explore

And

Make an Impact. How?


1. It is highly motivational since it mainly focuses on hands on activities.

2. It serves as a bridge to change theory into practice .

3. It serves as the means of technology transfer.

4. It helps students to be introduced to the research and scientific

methods of solving problems.

5. It helps the students to be creative and innovative.

6. It helps the students and participants of the project to be active

citizens who can give back to their society through community service.
Challenges
- Funding [News Next Slide]
- Funding Bank Account
- Equipments (Helium)
- Amature Radio Licence
- Website Cost
Funding

WILL COVER 50% OF THE PROJECT COST!


Funding Bank Account

Attended Meeting with Dynamic Systems PLC


Andinet International School
Equipments (Helium)
Amature Radio Licence

Operate GPS and Locate our Payload

most effective way of tracking our payload


Spot
Website Cost

Free with Host’s Advertisement on Our Page


Last Meeting (Introductory Lecture)

1) Introduction of Team
2) How does the weather balloon create the uplift?
3) What happens after the balloon explodes?
4) Required amount of helium
5) Simulations

This Meeting Topics (Theory Based): Yanet Yiheyes- Mathematics, Petra Tenna- Physics, Elezer
Hailye- Chemistry, Kaleb Melaku- Material Science, and Rahel Workneh- Design

1) Five puzzle questions


2) Derivation of Uplift formula
3) Derivation of Balloon explosion formula
4) Introduction to CAD Design: Solidworks
5) Radar Reflector Design
6) Puzzle Winner

Next meeting

1) Trajectory Calculation
2) Law and Regulation
3) Media and Recording
4) Battery lithium Ion in harsh temperatures
5) If you have anything in mind, send me topics to cover?
Last week's Puzzle Problem Winners!

Maraki & Rahael


Quick Recap
How does the weather balloon create the uplift?
Our CubeSat floats because of buoyancy.

The upthrust [UT] available using a sealed balloon is proportional to the weight of
displaced air, where [BV] is the balloon volume and [g] is the gravitational
acceleration.
Note:

The balloon, of diameter will expand as the air density decreases, as a direct consequence the forces exerted
on the balloon material will increase.
The weight force acting on the CubeSat is w=m_t*g , where m_t is the total
CubeSat mass. Another force acting on the CubeSat is the drag exerted by the air
the CubeSat is moving in. The direction of drag is dependent on the lateral
movement of the balloon. Laterals dynamic of the balloon is dominated by
horizontal wind component.

To simplify we will consider a small angle of attack . Drag force expression is:
W_r is the still air rise rate in m/s
A is the cross area of the balloon
C_[dr] is the coefficient of drag for the balloon.

The coefficient of drag is dependent on [a] angle of attack and Re [Reynolds number].
This drag coefficient should consider the contribute of the payload and rigging,
but this former contributes are often neglected, most accurate way to determine
coefficient value is by flight test or wind tunnel testing.
A less accurate approximation is to consider the balloon as a perfect sphere, in such a way we can use the
coefficient of drag for a sphere.
What happens after the balloon explodes?
To avoid mushing of the payload the recovery parachute should be correctly sized. Reusing ascending
equations and replacing the parachute coefficient of drag c_dd instead of the balloon c_d we get the
expression of vertical descending speed.

Where A_d is the area of the parachute. Equation


But wait!

we will definitely definitely definitely overestimate the descending speed, what did we forget in the
equation??
Required amount of helium
Simulated
Five Puzzle Questions

One Winner

Question - Answer - Winner [In Slide]

Guessing Without Reasoning = Disqualification


Fighter Jet UChicago
Least Spot
Two Hats to Save Your Life?
2 Then 3
Doubling Grass
1 Day
Flat Earth Puzzle!!! Wrong?
NP or SP or 1 Mile Diameter
Cross The Bridge in 17 Minutes
1&2
R=2
TT=4

5 & 10
R=1
TT=11

1&2
TT=2
Derivation of Uplift formula
Archimedes Principle

When an object is totally immersed in a fluid, the upthrust is equal but opposite to
the weight of fluid displaced.
Let us consider a cylinder of height (h) and cross sectional area (A). It is immersed
in a fluid of density (ρ) and is at a depth (h) below the surface as shown in the
diagram below.
Therefore, the force experienced at the top of the cylinder can be calculated by
using the formula.

𝐹 = 𝑃×𝐴

𝐹_x =h𝜌𝑔×𝐴𝑥
Hence, the force experienced by the bottom of the cylinder can be calculated by

𝐹 =𝐻𝜌𝑔×𝐴𝑦
Hence the resultant force is

𝐹 − 𝐹𝑦𝑥

𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝐻𝜌𝑔𝐴 − h𝜌𝑔𝐴

𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝜌𝑔𝐴(𝐻 − h)


From looking at the diagram above we realize that (𝐻 − h) is
the height of the cylinder.
Therefore,

𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝜌𝑔𝐴×∆h

But we know that 𝐴×∆h = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒

so we can say that

𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝜌𝑔𝑣


NB. volume of the cylinder is also the volume of the
water displaced)

We also know that 𝑚 = 𝑝𝑣 and can there state that


𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝜌𝑔𝑣 = 𝑚𝑔

We can therefore conclude that the upthrust is equal to the


weight of the water displaced.
Flotation
When an object floats in a liquid, the upthrust is equal to the
weight of the object. Hence the weight of the object is equal
to the weight of the liquid displaced. The principle of flotation
stated that a floating body displaces its own weight of fluid.
Derivation of Balloon explosion formula
IDEAL GAS LAW

PV = nRT
AVOGADRO'S LAW
states the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles.

V∝n
BOYLE'S LAW
states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.

V ∝ 1/P
CHARLES'S LAW
states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature.

V∝T
If we combine these laws, we get

V ∝ nT/P
We convert the proportionality to an equality

V = knT/P
We replace k with the universal gas constant R and get

V = nRT/P
IDEAL GAS LAW

PV = nRT
Radar Refelctor
Introduction to CAD Design: Solidworks
Extrude Boss/Base
Extrude Cut
Chamfer
Trim Entities
If you want: Where you can buy and program Arduino
Puzzle Winner

Solve this Problem: Mathematics/Statistics

Monty-Hall Problem

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