M 36M SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

Standard Specification for

Corrugated Steel Pipe, Metallic-Coated, for Sewers and Drains

AASHTO DESIGNATION: M 36M/M 36-911

(ASTM DESIGNATION: A 760/A 760M-90a)

1. SCOPE1 procedure is described in AASHTO T 249 Helical Lock Seam

Specifications for Highway Bridges, Corrugated Pipe
Division H, Section 26. 2.2 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This specification covers corrugated
steel pipe intended for use for storm 1.4 This specification is applicable to A 307 Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs,
water drainage, under-drains, the orders in either SI units (as M 36M) or 60000 psi Tensile Strength
construction of culverts, and similar uses. inch-pound units (as M 36). SI units and
inch-pound units are not necessarily A 449 Quenched and Tempered
Pipe covered by this specification is not Steel Bolts and Studs
normally used for the conveyance of equivalent. Inch-pound units are shown
sanitary or industrial wastes. The steel in brackets in the text for clarity, but they A 780 Repair of Damaged Hot-Dip
sheet used in fabrication of the pipe has a are the applicable values when the Galvanized Coatings
protective metallic coating of zinc material is ordered to M 36. A 796 Structural Design of
(galvanizing), aluminum, or Corrugated Steel Pipe, Pipe-
aluminumzinc alloy. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS Arches, and Arches for Storm
1.1.1 Steel sheet with zinc and aramid and Sanitary Sewers
fiber composite coating may be specified A 885 Steel Sheet, Zinc and Aramid
for fabrication of pipe. Pipe made from 2.1 AASHTO Standards: Standard Fiber Composite Coated for
sheet with this composite coating is Specifications for Highway Bridges: Corrugated Steel Sewer,
always furnished with an asphalt coating. M 190 Bituminous-Coated Culvert, and Underdrain Pipe
Therefore, the requirements in this Corrugated Metal Culvert B 633 Electrodeposited Coatings of
specification should be considered as Pipe and Pipe Arches Zinc on Iron and Steel
applying to a semi-finished pipe; the
M 198 Joints for Circular Concrete D 1056 Flexible Cellular Materials-
finished pipe must include provisions of
Sewer and Culvert Pipe Sponge or Expanded Rubber
AASHTO M 190.
Using Flexible Watertight F 568 Carbon and Alloy Steel
NOTE 1-Pipe fabricated with zinc and aramid Gaskets Externally Threaded Metric
fiber composite coated sheet and asphalt post- M 218 Steel Sheet, ZincCoated Fasteners
coating may be used for sanitary sewers and
industrial applications. Petroleum products or
(Galvanized) for Corrugated
similar materials in the sewer effluent may Steel Pipe
3. DESCRIPTION OF TERMS
affect the performance of the asphalt coating. M 232 Zinc Coating (HotDip) on SPECIFIC TO THIS STANDARD
Iron and Steel Hardware
1.2 The several different metallic
coatings may not provide equal M 245/M 245M Corrugated Steel
Pipe Polymer Precoated for 3.1 Fabricator-in this specification, the
protection of the base metal against producer of the pipe.
corrosion and/or abrasion in all Sewers and Drains
environments. Some environments may M 274 Steel Sheet, Aluminum- 3.2 Manufacturer-in this specification,
be so severe that none of the metallic Coated (Type 2) for the producer of the sheet.
coatings included in this specification Corrugated Steel Pipe 3.3 Purchaser-in this specification, the
will provide adequate protection. M 289 Aluminum-Zinc Alloy Coated purchaser of the finished product.
Additional protection for corrugated steel Sheet Steel for Corrugated
pipe can be provided by use of coatings Steel Pipe 4. CLASSIFICATION
applied after fabrication of the pipe as
described in AASHTO M 190, or by use M 291 Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
of polymer precoated corrugated steel M 291M Carbon and Alloy Steel 4.1 The corrugated steel pipe covered by
pipe as described in AASHTO M 245. Nuts (Metric) this specification is classified as follows:
1.3 This specification does not include M 298 Coatings of Zinc 4.1.1 Type I-This pipe shall have a full
requirements for bedding, backfill, or the Mechanically Deposited on circular cross section, with a single
relationship between earth cover load and Iron and Steel thickness of corrugated sheet, fabricated
sheet thickness of the pipe. Experience T 65 Mass of Coating on Zinc- with annular (circumferential) or helical
has shown that the successful Coated (Galvanized) Iron or corrugations.
performance of this product depends Steel Articles 4.1.2 Type IA-This pipe shall have a
upon the proper selection of sheet
T 213 Mass of Coating on full circular cross section, with an outer
thickness, type of bedding and backfill,
Aluminum-Coated Iron or shell of corrugated sheet and an inner
controlled manufacture in the plant, and
Steel Articles liner of smooth (uncorrugated) sheet,
care in the installation. The installation
T 241 Helical Continuous Welded fabricated with helical corrugations and
Seam Corrugated Steel Pipe lock seams.
1
This specification is identical to ASTM A 760/A
760Mt-90a.

22
M 36M
4.1.3 Type IR-This pipe shall have a
full circular cross section with a single
thickness of smooth sheet, fabricated
with helical ribs projecting outwardly.
4.1.4 Type II-This pipe shall be a Type
I pipe which has been reformed into a
pipe-arch, having an approximately flat
bottom.
4.1.5 Type IIA-This pipe shall be a
Type IA pipe which has been reformed
into a pipe-arch, having an approximately
flat bottom.
4.1.6 Type IIR-This pipe shall be a
Type IR pipe which has been reformed
into a pipe-arch having an approximately
flat bottom.
4.1.7 Type III-This pipe, intended for
use as underdrains or for underground
disposal of water, shall be a Type I pipe
which has been perforated to permit the
inflow or outflow of water.
4.1.8 Type IIIA-This pipe, intended for
use as underdrains, shall consist of a
semicircular cross section, having a
smooth (uncorrugated) bottom with a
corrugated top shield.
4.2 Perforations in Type III pipe are
included in three classes as described in
Section 8.3.2.
5. ORDERING INFORMATION
5.1 Orders for material to this
specification shall include the following
information as necessary, to adequately
describe the desired product.
5.1.1 Name of material (corrugated
steel pipe),
5.1.2 Type of metallic coating (zinc,
aluminum, aluminum-zinc alloy or zinc
and aramid fiber composite coating)
(Section 6.1),
5.1.3 AASHTO designation and date of
issue (M 36M-____ or M 36-___),
5.1.4 Type of pipe (Section 4.1),
5.1.5 Diameter of circular pipe (Table
6), or span and rise of pipe-arch section
(Tables 8M, 9M, or IOM [Tables 8, 9, or
10]),
5.1.6 Length, either total length or
length of each piece and number of
pieces,
5.1.7 Description of corrugations
(Section 7.2),
5.1.8 Sheet thickness (Section 8.1.2),
5.1.9 For Type I and Type H pipe, the
pipe fabrication method, whether with
annular corrugations or helical
corrugations (Section 7.1.1) (Note 2),
NOTE 2-Pipe manufactured with annular
corrugations may have an element of weakness
in the longitudinal seams as compared to pipe
SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS
with helical corrugations. Therefore,
consideration of the method of fabrication is
important when pipe is installed under certain
conditions of loading.
5.1.10 When zinc and aramid fiber
composite coated sheet is used for
fabrication of pipe, the type of asphalt
coating (Sections 1.1.1 and 8.5),
NOTE 3-See AASHTO M 190 for additional
information appropriate to bituminous post-
coatings on pipe.
5.1.11 Coupling bands, number, and
type (Section 9.1) if special type is
required,
5.1.12 Gaskets for coupling bands, if
required (Section 9.3),
5.1.13 For Type III pipe, class of
perforations, if other than Class I
(Section 8.3.2),
5.1.14 Certification, if required (Section
14.1), and
5.1.15 Special requirements.
6. MATERIALS
6.1 Steel Sheet for Pipe-All pipe
fabricated under this specification shall
be formed from zinc-coated sheet
conforming to AASHTO M 218, or
aluminum-coated sheet conforming to
AASHTO M 274, or aluminum-zinc
alloy coated sheet conforming to
AASHTO M 289, or zinc and aramid
fiber composite coated sheet conforming
to ASTM A 885. If the type of metallic
coating is not stated in the order,
zinccoated sheet conforming to AASHTO
M 218 shall be used. All pipe famished
on the order shall have the same metallic
coating, unless otherwise specified.
6.2 Steel Sheet for Coupling Bands-The
sheet used in fabricating coupling bands
shall conform to the same specification
listed in Section 6.1 as that used for
fabrication of the pipe famished under the
order.
6.3 Rivets-The rivets used in riveted pipe
shall be of the same material as the base
metal specified for the corrugated sheets.
They shall be thoroughly galvanized or
sherardized. If bolts and nuts are
substituted for rivets (see Section 7.3.1),
they shall meet the following
requirements:
Bolts Nuts
For M 36 pipe A449 M 291. Gr. C
For M 36M pipe F568, Cl. M 291M, Cl.
8.8 12
The bolts and nuts shall be hot-dip
galvanized in conformance with
AASHTO M 232, or be mechanically
galvanized in conformance with
AASHTO M 298 Class 40.
6.4 Hardware for Coupling Bands-Bolts
and nuts for coupling bands shall
conform to the following requirements:
Bolts Nuts
For M 36 pipe A307 M 291, Gr.A
For M 36M pipe F568, Cl. 4.6 M 291M,Cl.5
Bolts, nuts, and other threaded items used
with coupling bands shall be zinc coated
by one of the following processes: hotdip
process as provided in AASHTO M 232;
electroplating process as provided in
ASTM B 633, Class Fe/Zn 8; or
mechanical process as provided in
AASHTO M 298, Class 8. Other
hardware items used with coupling bands
shall be zinc coated by one of the
following processes: hot-dip process as
provided in AASHTO M 232;
electroplating process as provided in
ASTM B 633, Class Fe/Zn 25; or
mechanical process as provided in
AASHTO M 298, Class 25.
6.5 Gaskets-If gaskets are used in
couplings, they shall be a band of
expanded rubber meeting the
requirements of ASTM D 1056 for the
"RE" closed cell grades, or O-rings
meeting the requirements of AASHTO M
198.
7. FABRICATION
7.1 General Requirements-Pipe shall be
fabricated in full circular cross section
except for Type HIA which is described
in Section 8.4.
7.1.1 Type I pipe shall have annular
corrugations with lap joints fastened with
rivets or resistance spot welds, or shall
have helical corrugations with a
continuous lock seam or welded seam
extending from end to end of each length
of pipe. The type of fabrication used shall
be the option of the fabricator unless
otherwise specified, except that the pipe
fabricated from zinc and aramid fiber
composite coated sheet shall be
fabricated by riveted or lock seam
fabrication only.
7.1.2 Type IA pipe shall be fabricated
with a smooth liner and helically
corrugated shell integrally attached at
helical lock seams extending from end
to end of each length of pipe. The shell
shall have corrugations of nominal 68 or
75-mm [2222/, or 3-in.] pitch. Zinc and
aramid fiber composite coated sheet shall
not be used for fabrication of Type IA
pipe.
7.1.3 Type IR pipe shall be fabricated
with helical ribs projecting outward with
a continuous lock seam extending from
end to end of each length of pipe.
23
M 36M
TABLE 1 Corrugation Requirements for Type 1, IA, II, IIA, and III Pipe
Nominal Size Maximum PitchA
38 by 6.5° 48
68 by 13 73
75 by 25 83
125 by 25 135
1 ½ by ¼D° 1 7/8
2 3/3 by ½ 2 7/8
3 by 1 3¼
5 by 1 5 5/16
A Pitch is measured from crest to crest of corrugations, at 90 degrees to the direction of the corrugation.
B Depth is measured as the vertical distance from a straightedge resting on the corrugation crests parallel to the axis of the pipe to the bottom of the intervening valley. If
the depth measurement of one or more corrugations is less than the value indicated herein, the depth of all corrugations between seams shall be measured, and the
requirements of Table 2 shall be applied (see Section 7.2.1).
C Minimum inside radius requirement does not apply to a corrugation containing a helical lock seam.
D The corrugation size of 38 by 6.5 mm [l ½ by ¼ in.] is available only in helically corrugated pipe.
7.2 Corrugations-The corrugations shall
be either annular or helical as provided in
Section 7.1. The direction of the crests
and valleys of helical corrugations shall
not be less than 60 degrees from the axis
of the pipe for pipe diameters larger than
500 mm [21 in.], and not less than 45
degrees from the axis for pipe diameters
of 500 mm [21 in.] and smaller.
7.2.1 For Type I and IA pipe,
corrugations shall form smooth
continuous curves and tangents. The
dimensions of the corrugations shall be in
accordance with Table 1 for the size
indicated in the order, except if the depth
measurement of one or more corrugations
is less than the minimum depth in Table
1, the depth of all corrugations between
adjacent seams shall be measured and the
values of Table 2 for minimum average
depth and minimum corrugation depth
shall apply.
NOTE 4-Inspection frequently consists of
measurement of the depth of one or a few
corrugations. If such measurement indicates
insufficient depth, application of the
requirements in Table 2 provides for acceptan-
ce where greater depth of some corrugations
compensates for lack of depth of others. These
measurements would normally be made at one
location between seams on a length of pipe.
7.2.2 For Type IR pipe, the
corrugations shall be essentially
rectangular ribs projecting outward from
the pipe wall. The dimensions and
spacing of the ribs shall be in accordance
with Table 3 for the size indicated on the
order. For the 292-mm [11 ½-in.] rib
spacing, if the sheet between the ribs
does not include a lock seam, a stiffener
shall be included midway between the
ribs. This stiffener shall have a nominal
radius of 6.4 mm [0.25 in] and a
minimum height of 5.1 mm [0.20 in.]
toward the outside of the pipe.
NOTE 5-The nominal dimensions and
properties for smooth corrugations and for ribs
are given in AASHTO Specifications for
Highway Bridges, Division I, Section 12, and
in ASTM A 796.
SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS
Minimum DepthB
M 36M-All values in millimeters
6.0
12
24
24
M 36-All values in inches
0.24
0.48
0.95
0.95
7.3 Riveted Seams-The longitudinal
seams shall be staggered to the extent
that no more than three thicknesses of
sheet are fastened by any rivet. Pipe to be
reformed into pipe-arch shape shall have
seams meeting the longitudinal seam
requirement of Section 8.2.2 (Note 6).
NOTE 6-Fabrication of pipe without
longitudinal seams in 120 degrees of arc, so
that the pipe may be installed without
longitudinal seams in the invert, is subject to
negotiation between the purchaser and
fabricator.
7.3.1 The size of rivets, number per
corrugation, and width of lap at the
longitudinal seam shall be as stated in
Table 4, depending on sheet thickness,
corrugation size, and diameter of pipe.
For pipe with 25-mm [1-in.] deep
corrugations, M 12 [½-in.] diameter bolts
and nuts may be used in lieu of rivets on
a one-forone replacement ratio.
Circumferential seams shall be riveted
using rivets of the same size as for
longitudinal seams and shall have a
maximum rivet spacing of 150 mm [6
in.], measured on centers, except that six
rivets will be sufficient in 300-mm [12-
in.] diameter pipe.
7.3.2 All rivets shall be driven cold in
such a manner that the sheets shall be
drawn tightly together throughout the
entire lap. The center of a rivet shall be
no closer than twice its diameter from the
edge of the sheet. All rivets shall have
neat, workmanlike, and full hemispheri-
cal heads or heads of a form acceptable to
the purchaser, shall be driven without
bending, and shall completely fill the
hole.
7.4 Resistance Spot Welded Seams-The
longitudinal seams shall be staggered to
the extent that no more than three
thicknesses of sheet are fastened by any
spot weld. Pipe to be reformed into pipe-
arch shape shall also meet the
longitudinal seam requirement of Section
8.2.2 (Note 6).
7.4.1 The size of spot welds, number
per corrugation, and width of lap at the
Inside RadiusC
Nominal Minimum
7 6.5
17 12
14 12
40 36
9/32 0.25
11/16 0.5
9/16 0.5
1.57 1.4
longitudinal seam shall be as stated in
Table 4, depending on sheet thickness,
corrugation size, and diameter of pipe.
Circumferential seams shall be welded
using spot welds of the same size as for
longitudinal seams and shall have a
maximum weld spacing of 150 mm [6
in.], except that six welds will be
sufficient in 300-mm (12-in.) diameter
pipe.
7.4.2 All spot welds shall be made in
such a manner that the sheets will be
drawn tightly together throughout the lap.
The outside edge of each spot weld shall
be at least 6.5 mm [¼ in.] from the edge
of the sheet. The welding shall be perfor-
med in such a manner that the exterior
surfaces of 90 percent or more of the spot
welds on a length of pipe shall show no
evidence of melting or burning of the
base metal, and the base metal shall not
be exposed when the area adjacent to the
electrode contact surface area is wire
brushed. Discoloration of the spot weld
surfaces will not be cause for rejection.
7.4.3 Welding equipment shall be
qualified before use, and the qualification
shall be verified before each work shift
and when changing sheet thickness, all as
described in Annex Al. If use of the
equipment at the approved machine
settings fail to produce satisfactory
welds, fabrication shall be stopped until
adjustments are made and the equipment
is requalified.
7.5 Helical Lock Seams-The lock seam
for Type I pipe shall be formed in the
tangent element of the corrugation profile
with its center near the neutral axis of the
corrugation profile. The lock seam for
Type IA pipe shall be in the valley of the
corrugation, shall be spaced not more
than 760 mm [30 in.] apart, and shall be
formed from both the liner and the shell
in the same general manner as Type I
helical lock seam pipe. The lock seam for
Type IR pipe shall be formed in the flat
zone of the pipe wall, midway between
two ribs.
24
M 36M SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

7.5.1 The edges of the sheets within

TABLE 2 Referee Requirements for Corrugation DepthA the cross section of the lock seam shall
Minimum Average Minimum Corrugation lap at least 4.0 mm [ 5/32 in.] for pipe 250
Nominal Size Diameter
Depth Depth mm [10 in.] or less in diameter and at
All values in millimeters least 7.9 mm [5/16 in.] for pipe greater
38 by 6.5 all 6.1 5 than 250 mm [10 in.] in diameter, with an
68 by 13 300 thru 500 12.1 10 occasional tolerance of minus 10 percent
68 by 13 over 500 12.4 11 of lap width allowable. The lapped
75 by 25 all 24.9 23
125 by 25 all 24.9 23
surfaces shall be in tight contact. The
All values in inches profile of the sheet shall include a
1 ½ by ¼ all 0.24 0.20 retaining offset adjacent to the 180-
2 1/3 by ½ 12 thru 21 0.48 0.40 degree fold (as described in AASHTO T
2 2/3 by ½ over 21 0.49 0.44 249) of one sheet thickness on one side
3 by 1 all 0.98 0.92 of the lock seam, or one-half sheet
5 by 1 all 0.98 0.92 thickness on both sides of the lock seam,
A See Section 7.2.1 for application of Table 2. at the fabricator's option. There shall be
no visible cracks in the metal, loss of
metalto-metal contact, or excessive
angularity on the interior of the 180-
TABLE 3 Rib Requirements for Types IR and IIR Pipe
Rib Inside Radius degree fold of metal at the completion of
Nominal Size MinimumA MinimumB MaximumC forming the lock seam.
Minimum Maximum
Width Depth Spacing 7.5.2 Specimens cut from production
Millimeters pipe normal to and across the lock seam
19 x19 x190 17 18 197 2.5 4.3 shall develop the tensile strength as
19 x 25 x 292 17 24 298 2.5 4.3 provided in Table 5, when tested
Inches
according to AASHTO T 249. For Type
¾x¾x7½ 0.68 0.71 7¾ 0.10 0.17
¾ x 1 x l1 ½ 0.68 0.95 11 ¾ 0.10 0.17 IA pipe, the lock seam strength shall be
A
Width is a measurement of the inside of the rib. Alternatively, it can be measured outside the as tabulated based on the thickness of the
rib and shall meet or exceed the minimum width plus 2 wall thicknesses-2t + 17 mm [2t + 0.68 corrugated shell.
in.]. 7.5.3 When the ends of helically
B
Depth is measured as the minimum vertical distance from a straight edge resting on the tops of corrugated lock seam pipe have been
the ribs parallel to the axis of the pipe to the outside surface of the flat.
C
Spacing is measured center to center of the ribs, at 90 degrees to the direction of the ribs. rerolled to form annular corrugations,
either with or without a flanged end
finish, the lock seam in the rerolled end
shall not contain any visible cracks in the
TABLE 4 Riveted and Spot-Welded Longitudinal Seams base metal and the tensile strength of the
Nominal Corrugation Size lock seam shall be not less than 60
Specified Sheet 68 X 13 mm (A. D) 2 75 X 25 mm (B, E) 3 125 X 25 mm (C, E) 5 percent of that required in Section 7.5.2.
Thickness 2/3 X ½ in. X 1 in. X I in.
7.6 Helical Continuous Welded Seams-
Rivet or Spot-Weld Diameters, min
The seam shall be parallel to the
mm in. mm in. mm in. mm in.
1.32 0.052 8.0 5/16 corrugations and shall have a continuous
1.63 0.064 8.0 5/16 9.5 '/8 9.5 3/8 weld extending from end to end of each
2.01 0.079 8.0 5/16 9.5 1/8 9.5 1/8 length of pipe. Welding shall be done
2.77 0.109 9.5 3/8 11.0 '/16 11.0 '/16 utilizing ultra high frequency resistance
3.51 0.138 9.5 3/8 11.0 7/16 11.0 7/16 equipment. Seams shall be welded in
4.27 0.168 9.5 3/8 11.0 7/16 11.0 7/16 such a manner that they will develop the
A One rivet or spot weld each valley for pipe diameters 900 mm [36 in.] and smaller, Two rivets full strength of the pipe and not affect
or spot welds wach valley for pipe diameters 1000 mm [42 in.] and larger.
shape or nominal diameter of the pipe.
B Two rivets or spot welds each valley for all pipe diameters.
C Two rivets or spot welds each crest and valley for all pipe diameters. Welded seams shall be controlled such
D Minimun width of lap: 38 mm [1 ½ in.] for pipe diameters 900 mm [36 in.] and smaller, and that the combined width of weld and
75 mm [3 in.] for pipe diameters 1000 mm [42 in.] and larger. adjacent coating burned by welding does
E Minimum width of lap: 75 mm [3 in.] for pipe of all diameters. not exceed three times the metal thick-
ness. Damage outside this width shall be
repaired as required in Section II. The
fabricator shall certify that the welds
TABLE 5 Lock Seam Tensile Strength have been tested and found satisfactory.
Specified Sheet ThicknessA Lock Seam Tensile Strength, per Unit Width, min
mm in. kN/m Ibf/iin. 7.6.1 Continuous welded seams shall
1.02 0.040 30 220 be tested in accordance with the cup test
1.32 0.052 53 300 procedure (Section 3) of AASHTO T
1.63 0.064 74 425 241. The welded seam shall be
2.01 0.079 114 650 acceptable if the sum of the length of
2.77 0.109 153 875 cracks or other defects on either side of
3.50 0.138 193 1100 the cup does not exceed 6.5 mm [¼ in.],
4.27 0.168 263 1500
A
For Type IA pipe, the thickness shall be that of the corrugated shell.
basing the result on the second test if the
first shows greater defects. The
provisions of the referee test method of
Section 4 of AASHTO T 241 shall be

25
M 36M SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

applicable in the event of disagreement
between the purchaser and the fabricator.
7.6.1.1 Tests of continuous welded seams
shall be made as follows:
7.6.1.2 Pipe lengths of 7.3 m [24 ft] or
less shall be tested on one end of each
length, normally the trailing end.
7.6.1.3 If a length of pipe having a
diameter greater than 1200 mm [48 in.]
and length of 7.3 m [24 ft] or less is
rejected, the following length of pipe
produced shall be tested on both ends. If
the test on either end fails, this entire
length shall also be rejected.
7.6.1.4 Pipe lengths greater than 7.3 m
[24 ft] shall be tested on each end of each
length of pipe. If either end fails, the
entire length shall be rejected.
7.6.2 The requirement for conducting
quality control tests in accordance with
Section 7.6.1 shall not apply for pipe in
which the ends have been rerolled to
form annular corrugations. The
manufacturer shall maintain visual
evaluation of the quality of the weld after
rerolling and any indication of weld or
base metal failure will be cause for
rejection of the pipe.
7.6.3 Any indication of cracks, skips,
or deficient welds found through visual
inspection will be cause for rejection
unless repaired. It is the option of the
fabricator to remove the defective portion
of the length of pipe or to manually repair
defects in the automatically welded seam.
Altered or repaired pipe shall meet the
applicable requirements of Section 7.6.
Where a manual repair occurs within 400
mm [16 in.] of the end of the length of
pipe, a test shall be conducted on both the
manually repaired section and on the
immediately adjacent automatically
welded section. If either test results in
failure under the criterion of Section
7.6.1, the length of pipe shall be rejected.
7.7 End Finish:
7.7.1 To facilitate field jointing, the
ends of the individual pipe sections with
helical corrugations or ribs may be
rerolled to form annular corrugations
extending at least two corrugations from
the pipe end, or to form an upturned
flange meeting the requirements in
Section 7.7.2, or both. The diameter of
ends shall not exceed that of the pipe
barrel by more than the depth of the
corrugation. All types of pipe ends,
whether rerolled or not, shall be matched
in a joint such that the maximum
difference in the diameter of abutting
pipe ends is 13 mm [½ in.]
7.7.1.1 When pipe with any size helical
corrugation or rib is rerolled to form
annular corrugatibns in the ends, the
usual size of the annular corrugation is 68
by 13 mm [2 2/3 by ½ in.].
7.7.2 If a flanged finish is used on the
ends of individual pipe sections to
facilitate field jointing, the flange shall be
uniform in width, be not less than 13 min
[½ in.] wide, and shall be square to the
longitudinal axis of the pipe.
7.7.3 The ends of all pipe which will
form the inlet and outlet of culverts,
fabricated of sheets having nominal
thicknesses of 2.01 mm [0.079 in.] and
less, shall be reinforced in a manner
approved by the purchaser, when
specified.
8. PIPE REQUIREMENTS
8.1 Type 1, Type IA, and Type IR Pipe:
8.1.1 Pipe Dimensions-The nominal
diameter of the pipe shall be as stated in
the order, selected from the size listed in
Table 6. The size of corrugations which
are standard for each size of pipe are also
shown in Table 6. The average inside
diameter of circular pipe and pipe to be
reformed into pipe-arches shall not vary
more than 1 percent or 13 mm ['/2 in.],
whichever is greater, from the nominal
diameter when measured on the inside
crest of the corrugations. Alternately, for
pipe having annular corrugations,
conformance with the inside diameter
requirement may be determined by
measuring the outside circumference, for
which minimum values are given in Table
6.

TABLE 7 Thicknesses of Metallic Coated Steel

TABLE 6 Pipe Sizes SheetA
Nominal Inside Minimum Outside Specified
Corrugation Sizes' Specification Designation
Diameter Circumference Thickness
75 by 125 by 25 M 289
38 by 68 by 13 Ribbed A 885
mm in. 25mm 3 mm 5 by mm in. M 274 Alumi-
6.5mml mm PipeC M 218 Zinc and
by 1 in. 1 in. Alumi- num-
100 4 X 284 11.4 mm in. Zinc Aramid
num Zinc
Coated Fiber
150 6 X 441 17.7 Coated Alloy
Coated
200 8 X 598 24.0 Coated
250 10 X 755 30.2 1.02 0.040 X X
300 12 X X 912 36.5 1.32 0.052 X X X
400 15 X X 1226 46.0 1.63 0.064 X X X X
450 18 X X X 1383 55.4 2.01 0.079 X X X X
500 21 X X 1540 64.8 2.77 0.109 X X X X
600 24 X X 1854 74.2 3.51 0.138 X X X X
700 - X X 2169 - 4.27 0.168 X X
A
800 30 X X 2483 93.1 An "X" indicates thicknesses included in the
900 36 X X X X 2797 111.9 applicable specification.
1000 42 X X X X 3111 130.8 NOTE 7-The outside circumference of
1200 48 X X X X 3739 149.6 helically corrugated pipe is influenced by the
1400 54 X X X X 4364 168.4
corrugation size and the angle of the
- 60 X X X X - 187.0
corrugation, affecting the number of
1600 - X X X X 4987 -
- 66 X X X X - 205.7 corrugations crossed; therefore no minimum
1800 72 X X X X 5609 224.3 measurement can be specified.
2000 78 X X X X 6231 243.0 8.1.2 Sheet Thickness-Sheet thickness
2200 84 X X X X 6853 261.7
shall be specified by the purchaser from
- 90 X X X - 280.3
2400 96 X X X 7475 299.0 the specified sheet thicknesses listed in
- 102 X X X - 317.6 Table 7 (Notes 8 and 9). For Type IA
2700 108 X X X 8408 336.3 pipe, the thickness of both the shell and
- 114 X X - 355.0 the liner shall be given; the thickness of
3000 120 X X 9341 373.6
the corrugated shell shall not be less than
3300 - X X 10274 -
3600 - X X 11207 - 60 percent of the thickness of the
A An "X" indicates standard corrugation sizes for each nominal diameter of pipe. equivalent Type I pipe; the liner shall
B Measured in valley of annular corrugations. Not applicable to helically corrugated pipe. have a nominal thickness of at least 1.02
C Rib sizes 19 x 19 X 190 mm [¾ x ¾ x 7 ½ in.) and 19 X 25 x 292 mm [¾ x 1 X l1 ½ in.].

26
M 36M SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

mm [0.040 in.]; and the sum of the TABLE 8M (M 36M) Pipe Arch Requirements 68 by 13 mm Corrugations
specified thicknesses of shell and liner Pipe Arch Equivalent
Minimum
Maximum BB
shall equal or exceed the specified SpanA mm RiseA mm Corner
Size, mm Diam., mm mm
thickness of an equivalent pipe of Radius, mm
identical corrugations as the shell 450 by 340 400 460 340 75 120
510 by 380 450 510 380 75 125
according to the design criteria in 560 by 420 500 560 420 75 130
AASHTO Standard Specifications for 680 by 500 600 680 500 75 150
Highway Bridges. 800 by 580 700 800 580 75 185
910 by 660 800 910 660 75 200
NOTE 8-The sheet thicknesses indicated in
1030 by 740 900 1030 740 75 250
Table 7 are the thicknesses listed as available
1150 by 820 1000 1150 820 90 300
in AASHTO M 218, M 274, and M 289.
1390 by 970 1200 1390 970 125 350
NOTE 9-The purchaser should determine the 1630 by 1120 1400 1630 1120 150 380
required thickness for each of the types of pipe 1880 by 1260 1600 1880 1260 200 450
described in Sections 4.1.1 through 4.1.6 2130 by 1400 1800 2130 1400 225 500
A
according to the design criteria in AASHTO A tolerance of 25 mm or 2% of equivalent diameter, whichever is greater, will be permissible in span and rise.
B
Specifications for Highway Bridges, Division B is defined as the vertical dimension from a horizontal line across the widest portion of the arch to the lowest
portion of the base.
1, Section 12, or other appropriate guidelines.

8.1.3 When specified by the purchaser, TABLE 8M (M36) Pipe Arch Requirements 2 2/3 by ½ in. Corrugations
the finished pipe shall be factory Minimum
Pipe Arch Size, Equivalent Maximum BB
SpanA mm RiseA mm Corner Radius,
elongated to the extent specified. The mm Diam., mm mm
mm
elongation shall be accomplished by the 17 x 13 15 17 13 3 5¼
use of a mechanical apparatus which will 21 x 15 18 21 15 3 6
produce a uniform deformation 24 x 18 21 24 18 3 7¼
throughout the length of the section. 28 x 20 24 28 20 3 8
8.2 Type II, IIA, and IIR Pipe: 35 X 24 30 35 24 3 9½
42 x 29 36 42 29 3'/, 10 ½
8.2.1 Pipe-Arch Dimensions-Pipe 49 X 33 42 49 33 4 11 ½
furnished as Type II, IIA, or HR shall be 57 x 38 48 57 38 5 13 ½
made from Type I, IA, or IR pipe 64 x 43 54 64 43 6 15
respectively, and shall be reformed to 71 x 47 60 71 47 7 16 ½
provide a pipe-arch shape. All applicable 77 x 52 66 77 52 8 18
83 x 57 72 83 57 9 20
requirements for Types 1, IA, and IR A
A tolerance of plus or minus 1 in. or 2 percent of equivalent diameter, whichever is greater, is permissible in
pipe shall be met by finished Types II, span and rise.
IIA, and IIR pipe, respectively. Pipe- B
B is defined as the vertical dimension from a horizontal line across the widest portion of the arch to the lowest
arches shall conform to the dimensional portion of the base.
requirements of Tables 8M, 9M, or 1 OM
TABLE 9M (M 36M) Pipe Arch Requirements 75 by 25 mm or 125 by 25 mm
[Tables 8, 9, or 10]. All dimensions shall
Corrugations
be measured from the inside crests of
Pipe Arch Size, Equivalent Diam., Minimum Corner
corrugations for Type II pipe or from the SpanA mm RiseA mm
mm mm Radius, mm
inside liner or surface for Types HA or 1000 by 770 900 1000 - 50 770 + 50 125
IIR, respectively. 1100 by 850 1000 1100 - 50 850 + 50 150
8.2.2 Longitudinal Seams-Longitudinal 1330 by 1030 1200 1330 - 50 1030 + 50 175
seams of riveted or spot-welded pipe- 1550 by 1200 1400 1550 - 70 1200 + 70 200
1780 by 1360 1600 1780 - 85 1360 + 85 300
arches shall not be placed in the corner
2080 by 1530 1800 2010 - 90 1530 + 90 350
radius. 2230 by 1700 2000 2230 - 110 1700 + 110 350
8.2.3 Reforming Type IR into Type IIR 2500 by 1830 2200 2500 - 130 1830 + 130 400
pipe shall be done in such a manner as to 2800 by 1950 2400 2800 - 140 1950 + 140 450
avoid damage to the external ribs. 3300 by 2080 2700 3300 - 160 2080 + 160 450
3650 by 2280 3000 3650 - 170 2280 + 170 450
8.3 Type III Pipe: A
Negative and positive numbers listed with span and rise dimensions are negative and positive tolerances; no
tolerance in opposite direction
8.3.1 Type III pipe shall have a full
circular cross-section and shall conform
TABLE 9 (M 36) Pipe Arch Requirements 3 by 1 in. or 5 by 1 in. Corrugations
to the requirements for Type I pipe, and Pipe Arch Size, Equivalent Diam., Minimum Corner
in addition shall contain perforations SpanA mm RiseA mm
mm mm Radius, mm.
conforming to one of the classes 40 X 31 36 40 - 1.8 31 + 1.8 5
described in Section 8.3.2. 46 X 36 42 46 - 2.1 36 + 2.1 6
8.3.2 Perforations-The perforations 53 X 41 48 53 - 2.4 41 + 2.4 7
60 X 46 54 60 - 2.7 46 + 2.7 8
shall conform to the requirements for
66X51 60 66-3.0 51+3.0 9
Class I, unless otherwise specified in the 73 X 55 66 73 - 3.3 55 + 3.3 12
order. Class I perforations are for pipe 81 X 59 72 81 - 3.6 59 + 3.6 14
intended to be used for subsurface 87 X 63 78 87 - 4.4 63 + 4.4 14
drainage. Class 2 and 3 perforations are 95 X 67 84 95 - 4.8 67 + 4.8 16
for pipe intended to be used for 103 x71 90 103-5.2 71 + 5.2 16
subsurface disposal of water, but pipe 112 X 75 96 112 - 5.6 75 + 5.6 18
containing Class 2 and 3 perforations 117 X 79 102 117 - 5.9 79 + 5.9 18
128 X 83 108 128 - 6.4 83 + 6.4 18
may also be used for subsurface
137 X 87 114 137 - 6.9 87 + 6.9 18
drainage. 142 X 91 120 142 - 7.1 91 + 7.1 18

27
M 36M SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

A
Negative and positive numbers listed with span and steel, both of nominal 1.32 mm [0.052 in.] thickness or greater. The smooth semi-
rise dimensions are negative and positive tolerances,
no tolerance in opposite direction.
circular bottom
TABLE 10M Pipe-Arch Requirements-19 X 19 X 190 mm or 19 X 25 X 292 mm
8.3.2.1 Class I Perforations-The
Rib Corrugations
perforations shall be approximately Equivalent Diam., Minimum Corner
Pipe Arch Size, mm SpanA mm RiseA mm
circular and cleanly cut; shall have mm Radius, mm.
nominal diameters of not less than 4.8 500 X 400 450 500 - 25 400 + 25 125
550 X 450 500 550 - 25 450 + 25 125
mm [3/16 in.] nor greater than 9.5 mm [ 3/8 680 X 530 600 680 - 40 530 + 40 125
in.]; and shall be arranged in rows 770 x 630 700 770 - 40 630 + 40 125
parallel to the axis of the pipe. The 880 X 690 800 880 - 40 690 + 40 125
perforations shall be located on the inside 1000 X 770 900 1000 - 50 770 + 50 125
1100 X 850 1000 1100 - 50 850 + 50 160
crests or along the neutral axis of the 1330 x 1030 1200 1330 - 50 1030 + 50 175
corrugations, with one perforation in 1550 X 1200 1400 1550 - 70 1200 + 70 200
each row for each corrugation. Pipe A
1780 X 1360 1600 1780 - 85 1360 + 85 300
Negative and positive numbers listed with span and rise dimensions are negative and positive tolerances; no
connected by couplings or bands may be tolerance in opposite direction.
unperforated within 100 mm [4 in.] of
each end of each length of pipe. The TABLE 10 Pipe-Arch Requirements- ¾ x ¾ x 7 ½ = in. or ¾ x 1 x 11 ½ in.
rows of perforations shall be arranged in Rib Corrugations
two equal groups placed symmetrically
Equivalent Diam., Minimum Corner
on either side of a lower unperforated Pipe Arch Size, mm
mm
SpanA mm RiseA mm
Radius, mm.
segment corresponding to the flow line 20 X 16 18 20 - 1.0 16 + 1.0 5
of the pipe. The spacing of the rows shall 23X 19 21 23 - 1.0 19 + 1.0 5
27x21 24 27-1.5 21+1.5 5
be uniform. The distance between the 33 X 26 30 33 - 1.5 26 + 1.5 5
center lines of rows shall be not less than 40X31 36 40 - 1.8 31 + 1.8 5
25 mm [1 in.]. The minimum number of 46 X 36 42 46 - 2.1 36 + 2.1 6
longitudinal rows of perforations, the 53 X 41 48 53 - 2.4 41 + 2.4 7
60 X 46 54 60 - 2.7 46 + 2.7 8
maximum heights of the centerlines of 66 x 51 60 66 - 3.0 51 + 3.0 9
the uppermost rows above the bottom of A
Negative and positive numbers listed with span and rise dimensions are negative and positive tolerances; no
the invert, and the inside chord lengths of tolerance in opposite direction.
the unperforated segments illustrated in
Figure 1 shall be as specified in Table 11.
NOTE 10-Pipe with Class I perforations is
generally available in diameters from 100 to
500 mm [4 to 21 in.] inclusive, although
perforated pipe in larger sizes may be
obtained.

8.3.2.2 Class 2 Perforations-The

perforations shall be circular holes with
nominal diameters of 8.0 to 9.5 mm [5/16
to 3/8 In.], or slots with nominal widths
of 4.8 to 8.0 mm [3/16 to 5/16 in.] and
not to exceed 13 mm [½ in.] in length.
The perforations shall be uniformly
spaced around the full periphery of the
pipe. The perforations shall provide an
opening area of not less than 230 square
centimeters per square meter [3.3 sq. in.
per sq. ft] of pipe surface based on
nominal diameter and length of pipe.
NOTE 11-323 perforations, 9.5-mm diameter,
per square meter [30 perforations, 3/8 in.
diameter, per sq. ft] satisfies this requirement.

8.3.2.3 Class 3 Perforations-The

perforations shall be slots with a width of TABLE 11 Rows of Perforations, Height "H" of the Centerline of the Uppermost Rows
2.5 t 1.0 mm [0.10 ± 0.40 in.] and length Above the Invert, and Chord Length "L" of L: nperforated Segment, for Class I
of 25 ± 6.5 mm [1.0 ± 0.25 in.], spaced Perforations
45 to 65 mm [1 ¾ to 2 ½ in.] on centers Internal Diameter of Pipe Rows of H. maxB L, minB
around the circumference and staggered mm in. PerforationsA mm in. mm in.
100 4 2 46 1.8 64 2.6
on the outside crests of the corrugations
150 6 4 69 2.8 96 3.8
of the pipe. No metal shall be removed in 200 8 4 92 3.7 128 5.1
making the slot. Slots shall be made from 250 10 4 115 4.6 160 6.4
the inside of the pipe. 300 12 6` 138 5.5 192 7.7
400 15 6c 184 6.9 256 9.6
8.4 Type IIIA Pipe: 450 18 6` 207 8.3 288 11.5
8.4.1 Type IIIA pipe shall be fabricated 500 21 6 230 9.7 320 13.4
of an unperforated semicircular bottom 600 and larger 24 and larger 8 D' ID' D' D'
A
Minimum number of rows. A greater number of rows for increased inlet area shall be subject to agreement
section with a top shield of corrugated between purchaser and fabricator. Note that the number of perforations per unit length in each row (and inlet
area) is dependent on the corrugation pitch.

28
M 36M SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

B C
See Figure I for location of dimensions "H" and
"L".
section shall be approximately 120 mm
[4 5/8 in.] in diameter and shall have a
continuous lip extending outward along
each side; the corrugated top shield shall
be approximately 160 mm [6 3/8 in.]
wide including a 19 mm [¾ in.] sloping
overhang on each side and shall be
secured to the lip of the bottom section
by integral tabs spaced at about 90 mm [3
½ in.] center to center. The top shield
shall have corrugations approximately 22
nun [7/8 in.] center to center and
approximately 8.0 mm [5/16 in.] depth.
8.5 Pipe Fabricated From Zinc and
Aramid Fiber Composite Coated Sheet-
Pipe which has been fabricated from zinc
and aramid fiber composite coated sheet
shall be coated with asphalt as described
in AASHTO M 190, Type A, Fully
Bituminous Coated. If full or partial
smooth lining is desired, it shall be
specified by the purchaser. (See Section
1.1.1 and AASHTO M 190.)
9. COUPLING BANDS
9.1 Types of Coupling Bands-Field joints
for each type of corrugated steel pipe
shall maintain pipe alignment during
construction and prevent infiltration of
fill material during the life of the
installation. Coupling bands may be of
the following types:
Bands with annular corrugations,
Bands with helical corrugation,
Bands with projections (dimples),
Channel bands for upturned flanges, with
or without annular corrugations,
Flat bands, and
Smooth sleeve-type couplers.
Minimum of 4 rows permitted in pipe with 38 by 6.5 mm [1'/, by '/4 in.] corrugations.
D
H(max) = 0.46D; L(min) = 0.64D, where D = internal diameter of pipe, millimeters or inches as appropriate
Except as provided in Sections 9.1.1 with helically corrugated ends. The
through 9.1.4, the type of coupling corrugations in the bands shall be
furnished shall be at the option of the designed to properly mesh with the
fabricator unless the type is specified in corrugations in the pipe.
the order. 9.1.3 Coupling bands with projections
(dimples) may be used with pipe with
NOTE 12-Bands are classified according to
their ability to resist shear, moment, and either annular or helical corrugations.
tensile forces as described in AASHTO The bands shall be formed with the
Specifications for Highway Bridges, Division projections in annular rows with one
H. Section 26, and identified as "standard projection for each corrugation of helical
joints" and "special joints." The first four types pipe. Bands 265 or 300 mm [10 ½ or 12
of bands listed in Section 9.1 and meeting the
requirements of Section 9.2 are expected to
in.] wide shall have two annular rows of
projections and bands 415 or 560 mm [16
meet the requirements for "standard joints."
Some may also be able to meet the ¼ or 22 in.] wide shall have four annular
requirements for "special joints," but such rows of projections.
capability should be determined by analysis or 9.1.4 Channel bands may be used only
test.
with pipe having upturned flanges on the
9.1.1 Coupling bands with annular pipe ends.
corrugations shall be used only with pipe
9.1.5 Smooth sleeve-type couplers and
with annular corrugations, or helical pipe flat bands may be used only with Type III
in which the ends have been rerolled to
and IIIA pipe of 300 mm [12 in.]
form annular corrugations. The diameter or smaller.
corrugations in the band shall have the
9.2 Requirements-Coupling bands shall
same dimensions as the corrugations in
be fabricated to lap on an equal portion of
the pipe end, or may be of a special
each of the pipe sections to be connected.
design to engage only the first or second
The ends of the bands shall lap or be
corrugation from the end of each pipe.
fabricated to form a tightly closed joint
The band may also include a U-shaped
upon installation. Coupling band
channel to accommodate upturned
thickness shall conform to the
flanges on the pipe.
requirements in Table 12, based on the
sheet thickness of the pipe to be
TABLE 12 Coupling Band Thickness connected, except as provided in Sections
Nominal Coupling 9.2.1 and 9.2.2. The band width shall be
Nominal Pipe
Thickness
Band Thickness not less than as shown in Table 13. The
Minimum bands shall be connected in a manner
mm in. mm in. approved by the purchaser with suitable
2.77 and 0.109 and galvanized devices such as: angles, or
1.32 0.052
thinner thinner
integrally or separately formed and
3.51 0.138 1.63 0.064
attached flanges, bolted with zinc-coated
4.27 0.168 2.01 0.079
bolts; bars and straps; wedge lock and
straps; or lugs. Coupling bands shall be
9.1.2 Coupling bands with helical fastened with the following size of bolts:
corrugations shall be used only with pipe

TABLE 13 Coupling Band Width Requirements

Nominal Pipe Inside Coupling Band Width, min
A
Nominal Corrugation Size
Diameter, B Annular Corrugated Bands Helically Corrugated Bands Bands With Projections
M 36M – All values in millimeters
38 by 6.4 100 to 450 265 180 265
68 by 13 300 to 900 180 300 265
1000 to 1800 265 300 265
2000 to 2200C 265 300 415
75 by 25 900 to 1800 300 350 265
2000 to 3600 300 350 415
125 by 25 900 to 1800 500 560 300
2000 to 3600 500 560 560
M 36 - All values in inches
1 ½ by ¼ 4 to 18 10 ½ 7 10 ½
2 2/3 by ½ 12 to 36 7 12 10 ½
42 to 72 10 ½ 12 10 ½
78 to 84c 10 ½ 12 16 ¼
3 by 1 36 to 72 12 14 10 ½
78 to 120 12 14 16 ¼
5 by 1 36 to 72 20 22 12
78 to 120 20 22 22

29
M 36M
A
For helically corrugated pipe with rerolled ends, the nominal corrugation size refers to the dimensions of the end corrugations in the pipe.
B
Equivalent diameter for Type 11, IIA, and IIR pipe.
C
Diameters through 3600 mm [120 in.] for annular corrugated bands used on rerolled ends of helically corrugated pipe
Pipe diameters 450 mm [18 in.] and less-
M 10 [3/8 in.] diameter
Pipe diameters 500 mm [21 in.] and
greater-M 12 [½ in.] diameter
5 damaged, either during fabrication or in
Type IIIA pipe-M 8 [ /16 in.] diameter
9.2.1 If flanges are provided on the
pipe ends, the coupling may also be made
by interlocking the flanges with a
preformed channel band or other band
incorporating a locking channel not less
than 19 mm [¾ in.] in width. The depth
of the channel shall be not less than 13
mm [½ in.]. The channel band shall have
a minimum nominal thickness of 2.01
mm [0.079 in.].
9.2.2 Smooth sleeve type couplings
and flat bands shall be steel having a
nominal thickness of not less than 1.02
mm [0.040 in.], or as an option, may be a
plastic sleeve to provide equivalent
strength. The coupling shall be
closefitting, to hold the pipe firmly in
alignment without the use of sealing
compounds or gaskets. The coupling or
flat band shall contain a device so that the
band or coupling will lap equally on the
two pipes being joined. The overall
length of the coupling shall be equal to or
greater than the nominal diameter of the
pipe.
9.3 Gaskets-Where infiltration or ex-
filtration is a concern, the couplings may
be required to have gaskets. The closed-
cell expanded rubber gaskets shall be a
continuous band, approximately 180 mm
[7 in.] wide and approximately 9.5 nun
[3/8 in.] thick. Rubber O-ring gaskets shall
be 20 mm [13/16 in.] diameter for pipe
diameters of 900 mm [36 in.] or smaller,
and 22 mm [7/8 in.] diameter for larger
pipe diameters, having 13 mm [½ in.]
deep end corrugations. Rubber 0-ring
gaskets shall be 35 mm [13/8 in.] diameter
for pipe having 25 mm [1 in.] deep-end
corrugations.
NOTE 13-Riveted and spot-welded pipe is not
water tight, having small openings at the
intersection of longitudinal and circumferential
seams. Therefore, these types of fabrication
should not be used where water tightness is a
concern unless the pipe is bituminous coated
or lined prior to installation.
9.4 Other types of coupling bands or
fastening devices which are equally
effective as those described, and which
comply with the joint performance
criteria of AASHTO Standard
Specifications for Highway Bridges,
Division H, Section 26 may be used
when approved by purchaser.
10. WORKMANSHIP
SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS
10.1 The complete pipe shall show
careful, finished workmanship in all
particulars. Pipe which has been
shipping. may be rejected unless repairs
are made which are satisfactory to the
purchaser. Among others, the following
defects shall be considered as
constituting poor workmanship:
Variation from a straight centerline
Elliptical shape in pipe intended to be
round
Dents or bends in the metal
Metallic coating which has been bruised,
broken, or otherwise damaged
Lack of rigidity
Illegible markings on the steel sheet
Ragged or diagonal sheared edges
Uneven laps in riveted or spot welded
pipe
Loose, unevenly lined, or unevenly spaced
rivets
Defective spot welds or continuous welds
Loosely formed lockseams
11. REPAIR OF DAMAGED
COATINGS
11.1 Pipe on which the metallic
coating has been burned by welding
beyond the limits provided in Sections
7.4.2 and 7.6, or has been otherwise
damaged in fabricating or handling, shall
be repaired. The repair shall be done so
that the completed pipe shall show
careful finished workmanship in all
particulars. Pipe which, in the opinion of
the purchaser, has not been cleaned or
coated satisfactorily may be rejected. If
the purchaser so elects, the repair shall be
done in his presence.
11.2 The damaged area shall be
repaired in conformance with ASTM A
780 (Note 14), except as described
herein. The damaged area shall be
cleaned to bright metal by blast cleaning,
power disk sanding, or wire brushing.
The cleaned area shall extend at least 13
mm [½ in.] into the undamaged section
of the coating. The cleaned area shall be
coated within 24 hours and before any
rusting or soiling.
NOTE 14-While ASTM A 780 specifically
refers to repair of damaged zinc coatings, the
same procedures are applicable to repair of
other metallic coatings except as described in
this section.
11.3 Zinc-Rich Paint Coating-Zinc-
rich paint shall be applied to a dry film
thickness of at least 0.13 mm [0.005 in.]
over the damaged section and
surrounding cleaned area. Zinc-rich paint
shall be used for repair of damage to all
types of metallic coating-zinc, aluminum,
and aluminum-zinc alloy.
11.4 Metallizing Coating-The
damaged area shall be cleaned as
described in Section 11.2, except it shall
be cleaned to the near-white condition.
The repair coating applied to the cleaned
section shall have a thickness of not less
than 0.13 mm [0.005 in.] over the
damaged section and shall taper off to
zero thickness at the edges of the cleaned
undamaged section.
11.4.1 Where zinc coating is to be
metallized, it shall be done with zinc wire
containing not less than 99.98-percent
zinc.
11.4.2 Where aluminum coating is to be
metallized, it shall be done with
aluminum wire containing not less than
99-percent aluminum.
11.4.3 Where aluminum-zinc alloy
coating is to be metallized, it shall be
done by using the materials described in
Sections 11.4.1 or 11.4.2, or by using an
alloy wire of 55-percent aluminum
and.45-percent zinc by mass.
11.5 Pipe on which zinc and araniid
fiber composite coating is damaged by
welding during fabrication of fittings, or
otherwise damaged during handling or
shipping, shall be repaired as described in
Sections 11.2 through 11.4.
11.6 Materials used to repair damaged
bituminous coating shall be compatible
with the previous coating. Repair
coatings shall be of equal thickness to the
original coating as a minimum and shall
have equal adherence.
12. INSPECTION
12.1 The purchaser or his
representative shall have free access to
the fabricating plant for inspection, and
every facility shall be extended to him for
this purpose. This inspection shall
include an examination of the pipe for the
items in Section 10.1 and the specific
requirements of this specification
applicable to the type of pipe and method
of fabrication.
12.2 On a random basis, samples may
be taken for chemical analysis and
metallic coating measurements for check
purposes. These samples will be secured
from fabricated pipe or from sheets or
coils of the material used in fabrication of
the pipe. The weight of metallic coating
shall be determined in accordance with
AASHTO T 65 for zinc, AASHTO T 213
for aluminum, and the dilute hydrochloric
acid method of AASHTO T 65 for
aluminum-zinc alloy.
30
M 36M
13. REJECTION
13.1 Pipe failing to conform to the
specific requirements of this
specification, or that shows poor
workmanship, may be rejected. This
requirement applies not only to the
individual pipe, but to any shipment as a
whole where a substantial number of pipe
are defective.
If the average deficiency in length of any
shipment of pipe is greater than 1
percent, the shipment may be rejected.
14. CERTIFICATION
14.1 When specified in the purchase
order or contract, a manufacturer's or
fabricator's certification, or both, shall be
furnished to the purchaser stating that
samples representing each lot have been
tested and inspected in accordance with
this specification and have been found to
meet the requirements for the material
described in the order. When specified in
the order, a report of the test results shall
be furnished.
ANNEX
SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS
Al. QUALIFICATION OF a standard calibrated testing machine.
RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING The minimum shear strength in
EQUIPMENT kilonewtons [pounds force] as
determined by this test shall be not less
than that shown in Table A1.1 for
A1.1 General-Welding equipment shall nominal thickness of sheet used in the
be of sufficient capacity, of such design, test.
and in such condition as to make possible
the production of first-class welds.
Before being permitted to perform TABLE A1.1 Shear Strength of Spot
welding on corrugated steel pipe, Welds
Specified Sheet Minimum Shear
resistance spot welding machines and Thickness Strength
operations shall be qualified by means of mm in. kN lbf
the test prescribed in Section A1.2. Tests (M 36M) (M 36) (M 36M) (M 36)
shall be performed by the fabricator's 1.63 0.064 18.2 4100
shop or by a recognized independent 2.01 0.079 23.1 5200
laboratory at no expense to the purchaser. 2.77 0.109 31.1 7000
Qualification tests performed by the 3.51 0.138 37.8 8500
fabricator's shop shall be made in the 4.27 0.168 44.5 10000
presence of the representative of the
purchaser. A1.3 Verification-After a machine and
A1.2 Qualification-Perform three operator have been qualified by the
tension shear tests representing each foregoing procedure, to insure that
thickness of sheet to be used in the qualification is maintained, make three
fabrication of the pipe. Prepare tension shear tests at the start of each
specimens by lapping two strips of work shift, and make three tension shear
corrugated steel sheet 38-mm [1½-in.] tests for each change in sheet thickness.
minimum width by 125-mm [5-in.] A1.4 Machine Setting-One copy of the
minimum length and joining them approved machine setting shall be posted
together by a single spot weld duplicating on the machine for use by the machine
the size to be used in production. The operator. No settings shall be varied,
length of lap shall be 38 mm [1 ½ in.]. except weld phase shift and pressure
The longer axis of specimen shall be which may be varied by 10 percent plus
parallel to the direction of rolling. Test or minus.
the specimens in tension to destruction in
31