CE 206 : Surveying Unit 8

Unit 8
Mapping
 CE 206 : Surveying Unit 8

The data collected through field surveying are

required to present in the form of a plan or a map

Since, the actual surface of the earth is curved, and the

surface of the map is flat, a method of projection is
usually used to fit a curved surface of earth into a plane
surface of paper.
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However, no map can represent a terrain without some

distortion.
To minimize the effect of distortion, conformal
(unchanged) projections are generally employed.
 CE 206 : Surveying Unit 8

Maps and Plans

Maps.
Mapping is a drawing term usually reserved for
small scale graphics, in the form of maps, often
depicting topographic and boundary details of
relatively large area of the earth’s surface.

A map must preserve the characteristics and

details of a topographic land.
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Maps and Plans

Plan.
The essential difference between maps and plans
is their use.

Plans not only show existing terrain (or other

conditions), but they can also depict proposed
alterations to the existing landscape.
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Scales and Precision

Maps.
 Intermediate scale, 1:2,000 to 1:10,000.
 Small scale, 1:20,000 to 1: 1,000,000.

 In recent times, maps are usually a product of

GIS programs.
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Scales and Precision

Plans
 Intermediate scale, 1:2,000 to 1:10,000
 Large scale, 1:10 to 1:1,000
 In recent times, plans are mostly a product of
CAD programs and digital plotters, although
some plans are still drawn manually
CE 206 : Surveying Unit 8
 CE 206 : Surveying Unit 8

Standard Drawing Sizes

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Precision
 Precision pertains to the degree of closeness of
observations among each other in a set of
repeated observations of a measurement.
 Thus, if a set of observations for the same
parameter are clustered together, i.e.,
observations have small deviations from their
sample mean, then the observations are said to
have been obtained with high precision.
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Plan Plotting
Digital Plotting Considerations
 Title
 Scale
 Limits
 Plot all points?
 Connect specific points (feature coding or CAD)
 Pen number
 Colors
 Symbols
 Height of characters
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Plan Plotting
Symbols
Table. Standard Conventional Signs of Salient objects for Topographic Map
CE 206 : Surveying Unit 8