Muscles of the Lower Limb

Femoral Region

a) Anterior Muscles:

Pectineus
Attachments: superior ramus of pubis

Pectineal line below lesser trochanter of

femur

Innervation: femoral nerve

Action: adducts and flexes thigh, medially rotates

Iliopsoas
Attachments: lumbar vertebrae and IV discs, ilium

Lesser trochanter (?)

Innervation: lumbar and femoral nerves

Action: chief flexor of hip joint

Tensor Fascia Lata

Attachments: A.S.I.S and iliac crest

Iliotibial tract
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

Action: adducts, medially rotates and flexes thigh

Sartorius

Attachments: anterior superior iliac spine

Superior part of medial tibia

Innervation: femoral nerve

Main Action: flexes, abducts and laterally rotates hip

joint

Flexes leg at knee joint

Quadriceps Femoris

Four headed femoral muscle: rectus femoris

- vastus lateralis

- vastus intermedius

- vastus lateralis

The tendons of the four parts of the quadriceps unite in the

distal portion of the thigh to form a single strong borad
quadriceps tendon.

This attaches to the base of the patella.

Origins: Rectus Femoris – A.I.I.S and ilium

 Vastus Lateralis – greater trochanter and linea
aspera

Vastus Intermedius – anterior and lateral femur

Vastus Medialis – intertrovhanteric line and linea

aspera

Innervation: femoral nerve

Action: extension at knee joint

Rectus femoris flexs thigh at hip

b) Medial Muscles (Adductors):

Adductor Longus

Attachments: body of pubis

Linea apsera

Action: adducts thigh

Adductor Brevis

Attachments: body and inferior ramus of pubis

Linea apsera

Action: adducts thigh

Adductor Magnus (adductor part)

Attachments: inferior ramus of pubis

 Linea apsera and medial supracondylar
line

Action: adducts thigh

Gracilis

Attachments: body and inferior ramus of pubis

Superior medial tibia

Action: adducts thigh, flexes leg, medially rotates

Nerve supply of all above muscles is the obturator nerve.

c) Gluteal Region

Gluteus Maximus

Attachments: ilium, sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament

Gluteal crest of femur and iliotibial tract

Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve

Action: extension of hip joint, and lateral rotation

Antigravity muscle, controlling flexion when

sitting down from standing

Gluteus Medius

Attachments: ilium
 Greater trochanter

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

Action: abduction of hip joint

Prevents adduction when standing on one

leg

Gluteus Minimus

Attachments: ilium

Greater trochanter

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

Action: abduction of hip joint

Prevents sagging of pelvis to side of

unsupported mobile limb

d) Short Lateral Rotators of the Hip

Piriformis

Obturator internus

Gemelli

Obturator Externus

Quadratus femoris

All insert into greater trochanter of the femur

All laterally rotate thigh and stabilize hip joint

e) Hamstrings

Biceps Femoris

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Hamstring part of adductor magnus

Common origin: ischial tuberosity

Except short head of biceps  linea

aspera

Insertions: biceps – head of fibula

Semimembranosus – medial condyle of

tibia

Semitendinosus – medial condyle of tibia

Adductor magnus – adductor tubercle

Innervation: sciatic nerve

Actions: flexors of knee joint

 Extension of hip joint

Semis – medial rotation

Biceps – lateral rotation

Lower Leg

a) Peroneal Compartment
Peroneus longus

Attachments: upper lateral fibula

Tendon passes behind lateral malleolus

Medial cuneiform and first metatarsal

Innervation: superficial peroneal nerve

Action: eversion of foot

Aids plantar flexion

Controls sideways sway when standing

Maintains arches of foot

Peroneus brevis

Attachments: lower lateral fibula

Tendon passes in front of peroneus longus

Base of 5th metatarsal

Innervation: superficial peroneal

Action: eversion

Plantar flexion

b) Superficial Posterior Compartment

Gastrocnemius
Attachments: two heads: lateral and medial condyles of
femur

Tendo calcaneus (Achille's Tendon) 

calcaneus

Innervation: tibial nerve

Action: flexes knee

Plantar flexes foot

Soleus

Attachments: tibia and fibula

Tendo calcaneus

Innervation: tibial nerve

Action: plantar felxion at ankle

Antigravity muscle when standing since the

centre of gravity passes in front of the ankle
joints

Plantaris

Attachments: lateral supracondylar area of femur

Calcaneus via long, thin tendon

Popliteus

Attachments: lateral femoral condyle

 Upper dorsal tibia

Innervation: tibial nerve

Action: rotates femur laterally on tibia

c) Anterior Compartment

Tibialis Anterior

Attachments: interosseus membrane and tibia

Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

Innervation: deep peroneal nerve

Action: dorsiflexor of foot

Inversion of foot (with tibialis posterior)

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Attachments: fibula and interosseus membrane

Terminal phalanx of big toe

Innervation: deep peroneal nerve

Action: extends the big toe

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Attachments: fibula and intermuscular septum

Lateral four toes via four tendons

Innervation: deep peroneal nerve

Action: extension of four toes

Peroneus Tertias

Attachments: lower fibula

Base of fifth metatarsal

Innervation: deep peroneal nerve

Each of these muscles passes into the dorsum of the foot

deep to the extensor retinacula.

Upper retinaculum – from tibia to fibula above ankle joint

Lower retinaculum – from calcaneus to medial malleolus

The tendons are contained in synovial sheaths.

d) Deep Posterior Compartment

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Attachments: fibula and interosseus membrane

Distal phalanx of big toe

Action: flexion of big toe; plantar flexes foot

Maintains medial longitudinal arch of foot

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Attachments: tibia

Four tendons pierce tendon of FDB and insert

into distal phalanges

Action: flexes lateral 4 toes and plantar flexes

ankle

Maintains longitudinal arch of foot

Tibialis Posterior

Attachments: tibia, fibula and interosseus membrane

All tarsals except tarsus and middle 3

metatarsals

Action: inversion of foot; plantar flexion

All these muscles are supplied by the tibial nerve.

The flexor retinaculum (thickening of deep fascia) extending

from thr medial malleolus to medial tubercle of calcaneus.

Structures that pass behind it:

- tibialis posterior

- flexor digitorum longus

- vein
 - artery

- vein

- nerve

- flexor hallucis longus

(the veins are venae comitante)

Muscles of Gluteal Region

Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action
outer surface
of ilium, iliotibial tract extends & laterally
sacrum, and gluteal inferior gluteal rotates thigh; through
gluteus maximus
coccyx, tuberosity of nerve iliotibial tract, it
sacrotuberous femur extends knee joint
ligament
greater
outer surface superior abducts thigh. Tilts
gluteus medius trochanter of
of ilium gluteal nerve pelvis when walking
femur
greater abduct thigh; anterior
outer surface superior
gluteus minimus trochanter of fibers medially rotate
of ilium gluteal nerve
femur thigh
assists gluteus major
superior
tensor fasciae latae iliac crest iliotibial tract in locking the knee
gluteal nerve
into full extension
anterior greater
1st & 2nd
piriformis surface of trochanteric lateral rotator of thigh
sacral nerves
sacrum fossa
 greater
spine of
superior gemellus trochanteric sacral plexus lateral rotator of thigh
ischium
fossa
inner surface greater
obturator internus of obturator trochanteric sacral plexus lateral rotator of thigh
membrane fossa
greater
ischial
inferior gemellus trochanteric sacral plexus lateral rotator of thigh
tuberosity
fossa
outer surface greater
obturator
obturator externus of obturator trochanteric lateral rotator of thigh
nerve
membrane fossa of femur

Anterior Compartment of Thigh

flexes, abducts,
anterior
upper medial laterally rotates thigh;
sartorius superior iliac femoral nerve
surface of tibia flexes & medially
spine
rotates leg
flexes thigh on trunk;
with psoas
if thigh is fixed, it
into the lesser
iliacus iliac fossa femoral nerve flexes the trunk onto
trochanter of
the thigh as in sitting
femur
up
12th thoracic
body;
transverse
lesser flexes thigh on trunk;
process,
trochanter of if thigh fixed, it flexes
psoas bodies & lumbar plexus
femur along trunk onto thigh as in
intervertebral
with iliacus sitting up
discs of the 5
lumbar
vertebrae
superior upper end flexes and adducts
pectineus femoral nerve
ramus of pubis shaft of femur thigh
straight head
quadriceps
from anterior
tendon into
inferior iliac
patella; into
quadriceps femoris, spine;
tibial femoral nerve extension of leg
rectus femoris reflected head
tuberosity by
from ilium
patellar
above
tendon
acetabulum
 quadriceps
tendon into
patella; into
quadriceps femoris, upper end and
tibial femoral nerve extension of leg
vastus lateralis shaft of femur
tuberosity by
patellar
tendon
quadriceps
tendon into
patella; into
quadriceps femoris, upper end and
tibial femoral nerve extension of leg
vastus medialis shaft of femur
tuberosity by
patellar
tendon
quadriceps
tendon into
patella; into
quadriceps femoris,
shaft of femur tibial femoral nerve extension of leg
vastus intermedius
tuberosity by
patellar
tendon
Muscles of Medial Compartment of Thigh
inferior ramus upper part of
of pubis; shaft of tibia obturator adducts thigh and
gracilis
ramus of on medial nerve flexes leg
ischium surface
posterior
obturator adducts thigh; assists
adductor longus body of pubis surface of
nerve in lateral rotation
shaft of femur
posterior
inferior ramus obturator adducts thigh; assists
adductor brevis surface of
of pubis nerve in lateral rotation
shaft of femur
posterior
inferior ramus surface of
of pubis; shaft of femur obturator adducts thigh and
ramus of near linea nerve; tibial assists in lateral
adductor magnus
ischium, aspera; nerve to rotation; hamstring
ischial adductor hamstring part part extends thigh
tuberosity tubercle of
femur

Muscles of Posterior Compartment of Thigh

biceps femoris long head head of fibula long flexes and laterally
 from ischial
head:tibial;
tuberosity;
short rotates leg; long head
short head
head:common extends thigh
from shaft of
peroneal
femur
upper part flexes and medially
ischial
semitendinosus medial surface tibial nerve rotates leg; extends
tuberosity
of shaft of tibia thigh
medial
condyle of
flexes and medially
ischial tibia; forms
semimembranosus tibial nerve rotates leg; extends
tuberosity oblique
thigh
popliteal
ligament
adductor
adductor magnus ischial
tubercle of tibial nerve extends thigh
(hamstring part) tuberosity
femur

Muscles of Anterior Compartment of the Leg

extends the foot;
inverts foot at
shaft of tibia medial
subtalar and
and cuneiform & deep peroneal
tibialis anterior transverse tarsal
interosseous base of first nerve
joints; supports
membrane metatarsal
medial longitudinal
arch
shaft of fibula extensor
extends toes;
and expansion of deep peroneal
extensor digitorum dorsiflexes (extends)
interosseous lateral four nerve
foot
membrane toes
dorsiflexes (extends)
shaft of fibula
base of 5th foot; everts foot at
& deep peroneal
peroneus tertius metatarsal subtalar and
interosseous nerve
bone transverse tarsal
membrane
joints
extends big toe;
shaft of fibula dorsiflexes (extends)
base of distal
extensor hallucis & deep peroneal foot; inverts foot at
phalanx of big
longus interosseous nerve subtalar and
toe
membrane transverse tarsal
joints
Muscles of Lateral Compartment of Leg
plantar flexes foot;
everts foot at subtalar
base of 1st
superficial & transverse tarsal
metatarsal &
peroneus longus shaft of fibula peroneal joints; supports
medial
nerve lateral longitudinal
cuneiform
and transverse
arches of foot
plantar flexes foot;
everts foot at subtalar
base of 5th superficial
& transverse tarsal
peroneus brevis shaft of fibula metatarsal peroneal
joints; supports
bone nerve
lateral longitudinal
arch

Muscles of Posterior Compartment of the Leg

medial and by way of
lateral Achilles plantar flexes foot;
gastrocnemius tibial nerve
condyles of tendon to flexes leg
femur calcaneum
lateral
plantar flexes foot;
plantaris supracondylar calcaneum tibial nerve
flexes leg
ridge of femur
with gastrocnemius &
by way of plantaris is powerful
shafts of tibia achilles plantar flexor of foot;
soleus tibial nerve
and fibula tendon into provides main
calcaneum propulsive force in
walking & running
flexes leg; unlocks
lateral condyle full extension of knee
popliteus shaft of tibia tibial nerve
of femur by laterally rotating
femur on tibia
flexes distal
phalanges of lateral
distal
four toes; plantar
flexor digitorum phalanges of
shaft of tibia tibial nerve flexes foot; supports
longus lateral four
medial and lateral
toes
longitudinal arches of
foot
flexor hallucis shaft of fibula base of distal tibial nerve flexes distal phalanx
longus phalanx of big of big toe; plantar
 flexes foot; supports
toe medial longitudinal
arch
plantar flexes foot;
inverts foot at
shafts of tibia
subtalar and
and fibula & tuberosity of
tibialis posterior tibial nerve transverse tarsal
interosseous navicular bone
joints; supports
membrane
medial longitudinal
arch of foot

Muscles on the Dorsum of Foot

by four
tendons into
the proximal
phalanx of big
extensor digitorum deep peroneal
calcaneum toe and long extends toes
brevis nerve
extensor
tendons to
2nd, 3rd and
4th toes

Muscles of the Sole of the Foot (First Layer)

medial medial side,
tubercle of base of flexes, abducts big
medial plantar
abductor hallucis calcaneum; proximal toe; supports medial
nerve
flexor phalanx of big arch
retinaculum toe
middle flexes lateral four
medial
flexor digitorum phalanx of medial plantar toes; supports medial
tubercle of
brevis four lateral nerve & lateral longitudinal
calcaneum
toes arches
lateral side
medial &
base of flexes, abducts 5th
abductor digiti lateral lateral plantar
proximal toe; supports lateral
minimi tubercles of nerve
phalanx 5th longitudinal arch
calcaneum
toe

muscles of Sole of Foot (Second Layer)

medial and tendons flexor aids long flexor
flexor accessorius lateral plantar
lateral sides of digitorum tendon to flex lateral
(quadratus plantae) nerve
calcaneum longus four toes
 flexes distal
base of distal
phalanges of lateral
flexor digitorum phalanx of
shaft of tibia tibial nerve four toes; plantar
longus tendon lateral four
flexes foot; supports
toes
longitudinal arch
1st lumbrical
from medial
dorsal plantar;
tendons of
extensor remainder
flexor extends toes at
lumbricals expansion of lumbricals
digitorum interphalangeal joints
lateral four from deep
longus
toes branch of
lateral plantar
nerve
flexes distal phalanx
base of distal of big toe; plantar
flexor hallucis
shaft of fibula phalanx of big tibial nerve flexes foot; supports
longus
toe medial longitudinal
arch

Muscles of Sole of Foot (Third Layer)

medial &
cuboid, lateral flexes
lateral sides of
cuneiform metatarsophalangeal
flexor hallucis base of medial plantar
bones; tibialis joint of big toe;
brevis proximal nerve
posterior supports medial
phalanx of big
insertion longitudinal arch
toe
lateral side
bases of 2nd,
base of deep branch flexes big toe,
adductor hallucis 3rd & 4th
proximal of lateral supports transverse
(oblique head) metatarsal
phalanx big plantar arch
bones
toe
lateral side of
base of deep branch flexes big toe;
adductor hallucis plantar
proximal of lateral supports transverse
(transverse head) ligaments
phalanx big plantar nerve arch
toe
lateral side of
superior
base of 5th base of
flexor digiti minimi branch of
metatarsal proximal flexes little toe
brevis lateral plantar
bone phalanx of big
nerve
toe
Muscles of Sole of Foot (Fourth Layer)
bases of abduct toes with 2nd
phalanges and toe as the reference;
adjacent sides
dorsal interossei dorsal lateral plantar flex
of metatarsal
(4) expansion of nerve metatarsophalangeal
bones
corresponding joints; extend
toes interphalangeal joint
bases of
adduct toes with 2nd
phalanges &
3rd, 4th, and toe as reference; flex
plantar interossei dorsal lateral plantar
5th metatarsal metatarsophalangeal
(3) expansion of nerve
bones joints; extend
corresponding
interphalangeal joints
toes
tendon of peroneus
see above see above see above see above
longus
tendon of tibialis
see above see above see above see above
posterior
Muscles Of The Lower Limb

Name. Position. Origin. Insertion. Action. Nerve Supply.

Posterior
Back of pelvis.
fourth of iliac
Largest and
Gluteus crest and Fascia lata. Rotates and
most superficial
superior Femur below abducts thigh. Branch from infer
of three
maximus. curved line, great Extends hip- gluteal.
muscles which
back of trochanter. joint.
form the
sacrum and
buttocks.
coccyx.

Back of ilium
Gluteus Outer side of Rotates and Superior
between Outer surface
pelvis, partly abducts thigh.
crest and of great
medius. under Extends hip- gluteal.
middle trochanter.
maximus. joint.
curved line.

Between
Gluteus Rotates and Superior
middle and
Beneath Front of great abducts thigh.
inferior
minimus. medius. trochanter. Extends hip- gluteal.
curved lines
joint.
of ilium.
 Partly within
Powerful
the pelvis and Front of Top of great Branches from
Pyriformis. rotator of thigh
partly at back sacrum. trochanter. sacral plexus.
and abductor.
of hip-joint.

Obturator
Obturator Partly within
foramen and Powerful
the pelvis and Top of great Branches from
membrane. rotator of thigh
internus. partly at back trochanter. sacral plexus.
Front of and abductor.
of hip-joint.
ilium.

Inner side of
obturator
Obturator Covers outer
foramen. Powerful
surface anterior Root of great
Outer rotator of thigh Obturator.
externus. wall of pelvis trochanter.
surface and abductor.
and hip-joint.
obturator
membrane.

Tendon of
Superior and inferior Between Rotates and Branches from
Ischial spine. obturator
gemellii. obturators. abducts thigh sacral plexus.
internus.

Between
Quadratus inferior
gemellus and Tuberosity of Quadrate line Rotates and Branches from
femoris upper margin ischium. of femur. abducts thigh. sacral plexus.
adductor
magnus.

(1)
Biceps femoris, two Posterior and Tuberosity of Styloid Flexes leg and
heads. Outer outer aspect of ischium. (2) process of rotates it Great sciatic.
hamstring. thigh. Linea fibula. outwards.
aspera.

Posterior and inner Flexes leg and

Semimembranosus. Tuberosity of
inner aspect of tuberosity of rotates it Great sciatic.
Inner hamstring. ischium.
thigh. tibia. inwards.

Posterior and Inner Flexes leg and

Semitendinosus. Tuberosity of
inner aspect of tuberosity of rotates it Great sciatic.
Inner hamstring. ischium.
thigh. tibia. inwards.
Adductor
Anterior and
Front of Middle linea Adducts and
inner aspect of Obturator.
longus. pubes. aspera. flexes thigh.
thigh.

Adductor
Beneath
Ramus of Upper part Adducts and
adductor Obturator.
brevis. pubes. linea aspera. flexes thigh.
longus.

All linea
Adductor
Anterior and Rami of aspera. Inner
Adducts and Obturator and gre
inner aspect of pubes and condyle.
magnus rotates thigh. sciatic.
thigh. ischium. Adductor
tubercle.

Rami of Inner and

Inner side of Adducts thigh
Gracilis. pubes and upper surface Obturator.
thigh. and flexes leg.
ischium. of tibia.

Anterior part of Ilio-pectineal

Below lesser Adducts and Anterior crural an
Pectineus. upper and inner line of
trochanter. flexes thigh. obturator.
aspect of thigh. pubes.

Bodies and
transverse
In the pelvis on
processes, Flexes thigh
the side of the Lesser
Psoas magnus. last dorsal on trunk and Third lumbar.
lumbar region trochanter.
and all trunk on thigh.
of the spine.
lumbar
vertebra

Bodies of the
Ilio-pectineal
last dorsal
In front of line and Makes tense
Psoas parvus. and first First lumbar.
psoas magnus. eminence, and iliac fascia.
lumbar
fascia iliaca.
vertebras.

Lesser
Iliac fossa Anterior
trochanter, Flexes thigh
Covers whole and crest,
Iliacus. shaft of femur on trunk and
of iliac fossa. base of crural.
and psoas trunk on thigh.
sacrum,
muscle.
 Anterior Crosses leg, Anterior
Lies obliquely
superior Upper inner flexes it on
Sartorius. across front of
spine of shaft of tibia. thigh, and crural.
thigh.
ilium. thigh on pelvis.

Crest and Acts with

From crest of anterior Fascia lata gluteus Superior
Tensor fasciae ilium to middle superior below great maximus in
femoris. of thigh, outer spine and trochanter and tightening gluteal.
aspect. notch of ilio-tibial band. fascia lata,
ilium. abducts thigh.

Anterior
Anterior
inferior iliac Anterior
Middle of the
Rectus femoris. spine. Upper tubercle of
front of femur. crural.
brim tibia.
acetabulum.

Vastus Neck of Anterior

Anterior
On outer side femur and Quadriceps
tubercle of
externus. of femur. great extensor crural.
tibia.
trochanter.

Vastus Anterior
Small Anterior All extend leg.
On inner side
trochanter, tubercle of Rectus also
internus. of femur. crural.
linea aspera. tibia. flexes thigh.

Front and outer

aspect of shaft Anterior
Anterior and Anterior
of femur, under
Crureus. outer shaft of tubercle of
rectus and crural.
femur. tibia.
vastus
externus.

Tibialis Outer Internal Flexes foot on Anterior

Outer side of tuberosity of cuneiform and leg, raises
anticus. tibia. tibia, upper first metatarsal inner border tibial.
part of shaft. bone. (inversion).
Anterior
Extensor longus Outer side of Outer Second and Extends toes.
digitorum. tubialis anticus. tuberosity of third tibial.
tibia, head of phalanges of
fibula. toes by four
 tendons.

Between tibialis
Anterior
anticus and Dorsal surface,
Extensor longus Middle shaft Extends great
extensor last phalanx of
hallucis. of tibia. toe. tibial.
longus great toe.
digitorum.

Lower third
Peroneus Lower part of of anterior Flexes foot Anterior
Dorsal surface,
anterior and surface of and raises out
fifth metatarsal
tertius. inner surface of fibula and border tibial.
bone.
fibula. interosseous (eversion).
membrane.

Peroneus Head and Under surface

Upper part of Extends foot
outer surface of base of first
outer side of and raises Musculocutaneou
longus. of shaft of metatarsal
leg. outer border.
fibula. bone.

Peroneus
Under Shaft of Dorsal surface, Extends foot
peroneus fibula below fifth metatarsal and raises Musculocutaneou
brevis.
longus. longus. bone. outer border.

(1) External
condyle of
Back of leg, Extends
Gastrocnemius, two femur. (2) Os calcis by Branch from
forming greater foot,bends
heads. Internal tendo Achillis. internal popliteal.
part of calf. knee.
condyle of
femur.

With
Immediately Heads of gastrocnemius
Branch from
Soleus. beneath tibia and into os calcis Extends foot.
internal popliteal.
gastrocnemius. fibula. by tendo
Achillis.

Plantaris. Back of knee- Back of Os calcis near Assists Branch from

joint, very femur, above or with gastrocnemius internal popliteal.
small, long external common in extending
tendon running condyle. tendon of foot and
between gastrocnemius bending knee.
gastrocnemius and soleus.
 and soleus.

External
Across lower
condyle of
part popliteal Posterior Bends knee,
femur by Branch from
Popliteus. space and surface shaft rotates tibia
tendon within internal popliteal.
upper part of of tibia. inwards.
capsule of
tibia.
knee-joint.

Flexes great Posterior

Posterior Last phalanx
Flexor longus toe and keeps
Back of fibula. surface shaft of great toe,
hallucis. it to the tibial.
of fibula. plantar aspect.
ground.

By four
tendons into Flexes toes Posterior
Posterior
Flexor longus last phalanges and keeps
Back of tibia. surface of
digitorum. of four small them to the tibial.
tibia.
toes, plantar ground.
aspect.

Between flexor All tarsal

longus pollicis bones except Extends foot,
Tibialis Posterior Posterior
and flexor astragalus; inverts it, pulls
surface
longus second, third, toes together,
posticus. shafts of tibia tibial.
digitorum. fourth presses down
and fibula.
Deepest metatarsal, outer border.
muscle of leg. plantar aspect.

Inner First
Internal
Middle of sole tubercle os phalanges,
Flexor brevis
of foot. First calcis and four outer toes Flexes toes.
digitorum. plantar.
layer. plantar by four
fascia. tendons.

Inner
Abductor Internal
tubercle of Inner side first
Inner border of Abducts great
os calcis, phalanx of
hallucis. foot. toe. plantar
plantar great toe.
fascia.
External
Abductor minimi Outer border of Outer Outer side first Abducts little
digiti. foot. tubercle of phalanx of little toe. plantar.
 os calcis,
plantar toe.
fascia.

(1) Os calcis,
inner side ; External
Middle of sole Tendons of
Flexor accessorius, os calcis, Accessory
of foot. Second flexor longus
two heads. outer side. flexors of toes. plantar.
layer. digitorum.
(2) Plantar
ligament.

Flexes
Between Phalanges of proximal
Tendons
tendons of four outer toes phalanx, External and
Lumbricales. flexor longus
flexor longus and extensor extonds two internal plantar.
digitorum.
digitorum. tendons. terminal
phalanges.

Plantar
surface of Internal
Base of first
Flexor brevis Inner side of cuboid and Flexes great
phalanx of
hallucis. sole of foot. external toe. plantar
great toe.
cuneiform
bones.

Second,
Adductor Fibular side of External
Obliquely third, and
base of first Adducts great
across sole of fourth
hallucis. phalanx of toe. plantar.
foot. metatarsal
great toe.
bones.

Brings edges
of foot
Transversus Transversely External
Head of fifth Base of first together,
across heads
metatarsal phalanx of increases
pedis. of metatarsal plantar.
bone. great toe. curve of
bone
transverse
arch.

Base of External
Metatarsal
Flexor brevis minimi metatarsal First phalanx Flexes little
bone of little
digiti. bone of little of little toe. toe. plantar.
toe.
toe.
 Anterior
Obliquely Outer and Four inner
Extensor brevis Extends four
across dorsum upper part of toes, dorsal
digitorum. inner toes. tibial.
of foot. os calcis. surface.

Base of
corresponding External
Between Sides of Abducts toes
Dorsal interossei, toes and
metatarsal metatarsal from middle
four in number. expansions of plantar.
bones. bones. line.
extensor
tendons.

Sides of External
Beneath Base of
Plantar interossei, outer three Adducts toes
metatarsal corresponding
three in number. metatarsal to middle line. plantar.
bones. toes.
bones.