Islam In India (The Dynasty of Mughal)

Mughal Empire was a state that at its peak ruled Afghanistan, Balochistan, and most of
the Indian subcontinent about 1526-1857 AD. Sultanate was founded by the Mongol leader,
Zahirudin Barbur, in 1526 AD, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the Sultan of Delhi in the Battle
of Panipat I with the help of the Governor of Lahore. The leader after Babur was his own son,
Nashirudin Humayan (1530-1556) in this period, the royal condition is unstable, because a lot of
opposition from his enemies. In 1540 AD, a rebellion which led by Sher Khan of Qanauj resulted
Humayun had to fled to Persia. But due to the assistance of the King of Persia (Safawiyah).
Humayun regained the Delhi in 1555 AD

Mughal empire's heyday occurred during the reign of Humayun's son Akbar Khan
(1556-1605). The Akbar’s policy that very famous and managed to unite his people was Sulhul
Kull or universal tolerance, which looked to the equality of human being. This kingdom is
growing rapidly, and continues to grow until the end of the reign of Aurangzeb. The fourth
Leader was Jahangir, son of Akbar, lead this kingdom about 1605-1628 AD. Jahangir was
follower of the Ahlussunah wal Jamaah, so that what his father created to be lost influence. In
October 1628 AD Shah Jahan, son of Jahangir inherited the throne and the kingdom wide and
rich in India. Then Shah Jahan was succeeded by his son Aurangzeb (1658-1707). Aurangzeb’s
policy was very different than what had been done by his predecessors, especially his great,
Akbar Khan. He forbade gambling, liquor, sati ritual, and allowing the destruction of Hindu
temples. This policy raises many rebellions especially among Hinduisme. But because of the
troop strength of Aurangzeb, all rebellion can be extinguished by Aurangzeb, but however after
his death in 1707 AD, many of the breakaway province of this Kingdom. The empire began to
decline, although it remained in power for the next 150 years. In 1739 AD Mughal defeated by
troops from Persia which led by Nadir Shah. In 1756 AD, Ahmad Shah troops raiding Delhi
again. The United Kingdom entered India in 1600 AD and began the conquest of the Mughal
empire in 1757 AD and dissolve it in 1858 AD after defeating his rival, France.
 Remnants of the glory of the Mughal Dynasty can be seen from the historic buildings
that still survive today. Such as the Red Fortress, the Royal Tombs, The Delhi Mosque, and the
most popular is the Taj Mahal in Aghra. This palace is one of the wonders of the world that was
built by Shah Jahan in memory of his dainty queen, Noor Mumtaz Mahal.

Martapura, 27 Mei 2016

Penulis, Dosen Pengampu,

Irwan Fahruzi Ust. Awad, M.A