Bo Zhang

Professor Rachel Porter

English 1201

25 April 2019

Annotated Bibliography

My main focus of the article is EV technology is proving to be the most promising alternative

to the gas engine. He focuses on the air pollution benefit EV cars have for the environment

and what policymakers are discussing. The purpose of this article is to look at the future of

EV cars. The author the effect of this articles date of publication is that the information that

he talks about for the future, like power plant efficiency, we can see that it doesn’t always

happen. However, this information is still very relevant in proving the beginnings of my

research. He also looks into the way we make energy to create cars which is a very important

bit of information in arguing for my article. The portion that talks about accelerating EV

research will also help to compare and contrast the differences on the environment. This

article is extremely credible because Sperling is the founding director of the institute of

transportation and a professor in civil and environmental engineering at University of

California.

`“How Electricity Is Generated.” How Electricity Is Generated - Energy Explained, Your

Guide To Understanding Energy - Energy Information Administration,

2018, www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.php?page=electricity_generating.

The EIA is the US Energy Information Administration and they report on many

topics regarding all types of energy. This article is explaining how electricity is generated and

was posted in 2018, so it is very relevant information. It focuses on all different types of

ways to generate electricity and then compares all of them in the US. The US creates 64% of
its electricity from steam turbines, 21% from combustion, but only1% from solar

photovoltaic systems. For my paper I will use this sources to provide facts about the

electricity that goes into these electric cars. Without the electricity being renewable then it

still won’t help the environment much. This source is straight from the government and

therefore it is the most credible version of a website.

“Hybrid and Plug- In Electric Vehicle Emissions Data Sources and Assumptions.”

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Hybrid and Plug-In Electric Vehicle Emissions Data Sources

and Assumptions, 2015, afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric_emissions_sources.html.

This source is from the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy division of the

US Department of Energy and was reported in 2015. This is a table of information relating to

the emissions and assumptions between regular cars, hybrids, and fully electric cars. A hybrid

is a car that has both battery and gas engine and uses both to obtain high mpg

without sacrificing range. Whereas a fully electric car produces no emissions but is limited to

the range of one charge and long charging times. I plan to use this article by pulling facts and

other data in order to show the comparison between fully electric and hybrid cars. This table

is very credible because it is posted by the US government. Therefore, the data is true and

accurate.

Kirsch, David. “The Electric Vehicle and the Burden of History.” Rutgers University Press,

2000, 6 Aug. 2009, 291 pages.

This book, “The Electric Car and the Burden of History: Studies in Automotive

Systems Rivalry in America” by David Kirsch, was published in 2000 which falls in my

20-year span of study. This book gives us a very detailed look on my topic by “d
rawing upon methods and theoretical insights from history, economics, and environmental

studies”. In this book, he explains how the technology isn’t new technology, it’s just now becoming

more mainstream. Also, it describes the history behind cars and what the meaning behind

them is (referring to pathos). This article will help me to map out how far back the electric

cars were around and show why it is so imperative that people are on board with this. It is

also a credible source because of his background business. Also he is a professor at the

University of Maryland.

Sperling, Daniel, and Deborah Gordon. Two Billion Cars: Driving Toward

Sustainability. Oxford University Press, 2009. 260 pages.

EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=e900xww&AN=259499&site

=eds-live. T

wo Billion Cars is a book by Daniel Sperling and Deborah Gordon that was publish in 2009

and can be found on the libraries scholarly articles search. This book gives a very

specific perspective on driving sustainably. In chapter 9, Driving toward sustainability, it tells

us that the automakers are making a shift toward electric drive vehicles that use electric

motors for propulsion and to control everything else. Also, it gets very detailed into how coal

will continue playing a part of energy while weeding out oil will be easier. I will use this

book to make the case for electric cars helping the environment stronger. I will do this by

pulling these factual quotes and information into the paper when discussing the

environmental benefits and how we will stay on track vs the economy. This book is very

credible because both of them are professors at very credible universities, Stanford and

University of California