Question 1 value of 43.

89 J/K-mol for Cp,m (the molar heat capacity of

A 5.00 L sample of N2(g) is held at a pressure of 2.00 atm and methanol vapor under constant-pressure conditions).
a temperature of 315 K. Assuming ideal-gas behavior, how
many moles of N2(g) are present in this sample? a. 301.0 K
b. 300.4 K
a. 2.69 mol c. 295.0 K
b. 0.208 mol d. None of the above answers is correct.
c. 0.387 mol
d. 0.004 mol Question 6
If a person breathes at a rate of 14 respirations per minute,
Question 2 and each respiration involves 0.5 dm3 of air, what will be the
At a temperature of 500oC and a pressure of 699 Torr, sulfur total mass of air breathed in a day? (Take T = 300 K and P =
vapor has a density of 3.71 g/dm3. What molecular formula 101.3 kPa, and assume that the air behaves as an ideal gas
for sulfur is compatible with this set of conditions? with a molar mass of 0.029 kg/mol).

a. S2 a. 11.9 kg
b. S3 b. 119 g
c. S8 c. 238 g
d. (S2)3 d. 14.6 kg

Question 3 Question 7
Consider a gas for which the equation of state P(Vm - b) = RT If you have 1.55 mol of F2(g) at 1.11 atm pressure and a
(with b = 0.04 dm3/mol) can be used to describe its P-V-T temperature of 0oC, what is the volume of this gas sample,
behavior. Suppose a 2-mol sample of this gas is compressed assuming ideal-gas behavior?
isothermally and reversibly from an initial volume of 10 dm3
to a final volume of 1 dm3. How much work (w) is done on the a. 31.3 L
gas sample in this compression process, and how much is the b. 22.4 L
internal energy (U) of the gas changed? c. 3170 L
d. 0.0821 L
a. w = 11.7 kJ and ∆U = 11.7 kJ
b. w = 11.9 kJ and ∆U = 0 Question 8
c. w = 5.85 kJ and ∆U = -5.85 kJ The density of ice, H2O(s), at 273 K, is 0.915 kg/dm3, and that
d. w = 5.85 kJ and ∆U = 0 of liquid water is 0.99987 kg/dm3. How much thermodynamic
work must be done to melt 1 mol of ice at 1 bar pressure?
Question 4
Consider a process in which a sample of water vapor expands a. 0.167 J
reversibly and adiabatically from a state in which its pressure b. 0.167 kJ
is 60 Torr and its volume is 0.5 dm3 to a state in which its c. 1.67 J
volume is 3 dm3. If it is assumed that the water vapor d. 39.9 cal
behaves as an ideal gas (with respect to its P-V-T properties)
and that the ratio of its Cp,m and Cv,m heat-capacity quantities Question 9
is given by γ = Cp,m/Cv,m = 1.3, what will be the final pressure The heat capacity of a substance can be measured under
of the vapor sample? either constant-volume or constant-pressure conditions.
Which of the following sets of relationships between Cv (heat
a. 5.83 bar capacity under constant-volume conditions) and Cp (heat
b. 230 Torr capacity under constant-pressure conditions) are always true?
c. 5.84 Torr
d. There is not enough information provided to answer a. Cp (gas) > Cv (gas); Cp (solid) ≈ Cv (solid); and Cp (gas)
this question. >> Cp (solid)
b. Cv (gas) ≈ Cv (solid) and Cp (liquid) ≈ Cv (liquid)
Question 5 c. Cv (gas) > Cv (liquid) > Cv (solid) and Cv > Cp in all
Consider a process in which exactly 107 J of heat is added to 1 phases
mol of CH3OH(g) under constant-volume conditions. If the d. Cp approaches a value of 0 as the sample
initial temperature of the methanol vapor sample is 298 K, temperature approaches 0 K but increases without
what will be the temperature of the vapor after the 107 J of bound as the sample temperature is increased.
heat is added? You may assume ideal-gas behavior and use a
 Question 13
Which of the following statements is incorrect?

a. The molar heat capacities of He(g) and Ne(g) have

Question 10 identical values at T = 500 K.
The Van der Waals equation-of-state for real gases may be b. The average kinetic energy of the atoms in an He(g)
written as P = RT(Vm - b)-1 - a(Vm)-2, where P denotes pressure, sample is the same as the average kinetic energy of
T is temperature, Vm denotes molar volume, and 'a' and 'b' the atoms in an Ne(g) sample.
are parameters (sometimes referred to as the Van der Waals c. The average speed of the atoms in an He(g) sample
coefficients) that reflect properties of the individual is the same as the average speed of the atoms in an
molecules (or atoms) in the gas. Which of the following Ne(g) sample.
statements regarding the 'a' and 'b' parameters is not true? d. The average speed of the atoms in an He(g) sample
is greater than the average speed of the atoms in an
a. The Van der Waals 'a' parameter reflects the Ar(g) sample.
existence and strength of attractive intermolecular
interactions in the gas, and the value of 'a' is always Question 14
≥0. The first law of thermodynamics states that:
b. The van der Waals 'b' parameter is related to the
physical sizes of the constituent molecules (or atoms) a. The energy of a system always increases in any
of the gas. physical or chemical process.
c. The magnitude of the 'a' parameter for N2(g) is b. The energy of a system always decreases in any
expected to be greater than that for NH3(g). physical or chemical process.
d. The magnitude of the 'b' parameter for Ar(g) is larger c. The entropy of a system always increases in any
than that for He(g). spontaneous process.
d. The energy of the universe (encompassing system +
Question 11 surroundings) is always conserved in any physical or
Which of the following corresponds to a concise statement of chemical process.
the zeroth law of thermodynamics?
Question 15
a. Three solid bodies that are all in thermal equilibrium A 1.50-mol sample of an ideal gas at 245 K and 0.75 bar
will have the same temperature. pressure is altered by some process that takes it to a state in
b. Gas molecules in motion tend to stay in motion in which its temperature is increased to 295 K and its pressure is
the absence of applied forces. increased to 0.90 bar. What will be the enthalpy change (∆H)
c. Two material bodies that are separately in thermal of the gas in this process?
equilibrium with a third body are in thermal
equilibrium with each other. a. 1.56 kJ
d. Molecules can be treated as non-interacting point- b. 1.40 kJ
masses when contained in gaseous samples at very c. -1.56 kJ
low pressures and number densities. d. 0.62 kJ

Question 12 Question 16
Which of the following statements is incorrect? A process in which there is no thermal energy exchanged
between a system and its surroundings is called:
a. The most probable value of a velocity component is
equal to the most probable speed of the molecules a. An isothermal process
in a dilute gas. b. An isobaric process
b. The average kinetic energy of the molecules in a gas c. A diathermic process
is independent of the molecular mass. d. An adiabatic process.
c. The ratio of the most probable speed to the mean
speed has the same value for all gases at all Question 17
temperatures. Consider 0.1 mol of an ideal gas contained in a cylinder of
d. Derivation of the ideal-gas equation-of-state from volume 2.5 dm3 at a pressure of 1 bar and a temperature of
the kinetic-molecular theory of gases requires that 301 K. Next, suppose you consider three different processes
the gas molecules be treated as non-interacting for changing the state of the gas sample to one in which the
point masses. volume is reduced to 0.25 dm3, the pressure is increased to
10 bar, and the temperature is 301 K (the same as the
temperature in the initial state). The paths of the three
alternative processes are specified as follow:
Process #1 is a two-step process in which the gas sample is
first heated at constant volume until the pressure reaches a
value of 10 bar, and then the gas is cooled under constant
pressure (10 bar) until its equilibrium volume is reduced to
0.25 dm3 and its temperature is 301 K.
Process #2 is a two-step process in which the gas sample is
first cooled under constant pressure (1 bar) until its
equilibrium volume is reduced to 0.25 dm 3, and then the gas
is heated under constant volume conditions until its pressure
reaches a value of 10 bar and its temperature is 301 K.
Process #3 is a single-step process in which the gas is
isothermally compressed from its initial state to its final state
at a fixed temperature of 301 K.
Which of the three processes above would require the least
amount of work in effecting the specified change of state,
and what would be the ∆U (change in internal energy) for this
process?
a. Process #1; ∆U = 0
b. Process #2; ∆U = 0
c. Process #2; ∆U > 0
d. Process #3; ∆U = 0
Question 18
Consider a cyclic process in which a system performs a net
amount of work on its surroundings (i.e., w net < 0,
corresponding to the net work done by the system). Would
this process be endothermic (qnet > 0), exothermic (qnet < 0),
or adiabatic (qnet = 0) with respect to the net heat (qnet)
exchange between system and surroundings? And what
would be the relationship between qnet and wnet?
a. Endothermic, with |qnet | > |wnet|
b. Exothermic, with qnet = wnet < 0
c. Endothermic, with qnet = -wnet
d. Adiabatic, with qnet = 0 and wnet < 0
Question 19
Consider a process in which a gas is expanded adiabatically
and reversibly under constant-pressure conditions, and the
amount of work done by the gas in this process is 10 kJ. What
changes in the internal energy (U) and entropy (S) of the gas
will accompany this process?
a. ∆U = -10 kJ and ∆S = 0
b. ∆U = 10 kJ and ∆S = 0
c. ∆U = 0 and ∆S = 10 J/K
d. There is not enough information to determine the
values of ∆U and ∆S.
Question 20
Consider a process in which a system undergoes a change
from some initial thermodynamic state (1) to some final
thermodynamic state (2). Suppose that the thermodynamic
variables of state are well-characterized for both the initial
and final states, but the path (through the variable space)
between the two states is not well-characterized. Which of
the following quantities associated with the (1) → (2) change-
of-state process cannot be determined without a detailed
specification of path?
a. The change in the entropy of the system (∆S)
b. The change in the Gibbs free energy of the system
(∆G)
c. The change in the internal energy of the system (∆U)
d. The work done and heat exchanged during the
process
Question 21
Consider the reaction 2 C(s) + Cl2(g) + 2 F2(g) → CF2ClCF2Cl(g),
for which the standard reaction enthalpy has a value of ∆rH0
= -890.4 kJ/mol at a temperature of 298 K. What is the value
of ∆rU0 for this reaction at T = 298 K?
a. 4064 kJ/mol
b. -895.4 kJ/mol
c. -890.4 kJ/mol
d. -885.4 kJ/mol
Question 22
In a free expansion (or Joule expansion) of a gas, no work is
done either on or by the gas system. If the gas in such a
process behaves as an ideal gas, which of the following
statements is also true for the free-expansion process?
Note: In the answer options below, U denotes the internal
energy of the gas, S denotes the entropy of the gas, q
denotes the heat exchanged between the gas and its
surroundings, Vinitial denotes the initial volume of the gas
(before expansion), and Vfinal denotes the final volume of the
gas (after expansion).
a. ∆U = 0; q > 0; and ∆S = nR ln (Vfinal/Vinitial)
b. ∆U > 0; q > 0; and ∆S = nR ln (Vfinal/Vinitial)
c. ∆U = 0; q = 0; and ∆S = nR ln (Vfinal/Vinitial)
d. ∆U = 0; q = 0; and ∆S = 0
Question 23
Suppose a 1-mol sample of an ideal gas is expanded
isothermally and reversibly from a volume of 10 L to a volume
of 20 L at a temperature of 298 K. How much work (w) is
done in this process, and what are the changes in the internal
energy (∆U) and entropy (∆S) of the gas?
a. w = 1.717 kJ; ∆U = 0; ∆S = 5.76 J/K
b. w = -1.717 kJ; ∆U = -1.717 kJ; ∆S = 0
 c. w = 0; ∆U = 1717 J; ∆S = 5.76 J/K b. The entropy of a system always increases with an
d. w = -1717 J; ∆U = 0; ∆S = 5.76 J/K increase in temperature under either constant-
volume or constant-pressure conditions.
Question 24 c. In reversible adiabatic processes, it is always true
Suppose you want to cool a sample of N 2(g) from 25oC to - that ∆S = 0 and ∆U = w (work).
195oC by a one-step process involving a Joule-Thomson d. An isothermal expansion of an ideal gas always gives
expansion in which the final pressure is 1 bar. The Joule- ∆U > 0 and ∆S = 0.
Thomson coefficient for N2(g) over the specified temperature
range may be taken to be μJ-T = 0.75 K/bar. Calculate the Question 28
enthalpy change (∆H) associated with this cooling process Consider a heat engine that operates on a Carnot cycle and
and determine what the initial pressure (P initial) of the gas uses an ideal gas as a working fluid. Suppose that the heat
must be in order to realize the desired temperature change. reservoir of the engine supplies 1 kJ of heat to the system
Which of the following equations gives correct results for during an isothermal expansion process at a temperature of
Pinitial and ∆H? 900 K, and the system subsequently gives up heat to heat sink
during an isothermal compression process at a temperature
a. Pinitial = 292 bar and ∆H > 0 of 300 K. What would be the maximum efficiency (ηmax)
b. Pinitial = 292 bar and ∆H = 0 achievable with this engine, and what would be the
c. Pinitial = 225 bar and ∆H = 0 maximum net work (wnet,max) that one could derive from
d. Pinitial = 292 bar and ∆H < 0 this engine?

Question 25 a. ηmax = 0.333; maximum net work from engine = 300

The Joule-Thomson experiment involves an isenthalpic
thermodynamic process, and the measurements performed
in a Joule-Thomson experiment permit evaluation of the
quantity μJ-T = (∂T/∂P)H ≈ ∆T/∆P. The observed values of μJ-T
are:
a. < 0 for nearly all gases.
b. > 0 for nearly all gases.
c. > 0 only for gases that exhibit ideal-gas P-V-T
behavior.
d. independent of the initial temperature and pressure
of the gas undergoing the Joule-Thomson expansion
process.
Question 26
The standard heat of combustion of solid glucose (C 6H12O6) at
298 K is ∆cH0(298 K) = -2801 kJ/mol. What is the value of
∆cU0(298 K) for glucose (where ∆cU0 denotes the change in
internal energy accompanying the combustion of glucose at 1
bar pressure)?
J
b. ηmax = 0.667; maximum net work from engine = 900
J
c. ηmax = 0.333; maximum net work from engine = 200
J
d. ηmax = 0.667; maximum net work from engine = 600
J
Question 29
Consider the following chemical reactions and their standard
reaction enthalpies (∆rHo) at 298 K.
NH3 + HCl(g) → NH4Cl(s) ∆rH0 = -176 kJ/mol
N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g) ∆rH0 = -92 kJ/mol
N2(g) + 4 H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2 NH4Cl(s) ∆rH0 = -629 kJ/mol
Use this thermochemical data to calculate the standard heat
of reaction for the synthesis of hydrogen chloride gas from
H2(g) and Cl(g) at a temperature of 298 K. The value of ∆ rHo
(at 298 K) for the reaction H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2 HCl(g) is:

a. -2801 kJ/mol a. -242 kJ/mol

b. 3455 kJ/mol b. -897 kJ/mol
c. 2801 kJ/mol c. -185 kJ/mol
d. 0 d. 391 kJ/mol

Question 27
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. In cyclic thermodynamic processes, it is always true
that the net changes in internal energy (∆U), entropy
(∆S), and enthalpy (∆H) of a system are zero (i.e.,
∆Unet = ∆Snet = ∆Hnet = 0).
Question 30
Consider the reaction C6H5COOH(s) + (15/2) O2(g) → 7 CO2(g)
+ 3 H2O(l), for which the standard reaction enthalpy is ∆rHo = -
3228.2 kJ. Calculate the ∆rUo for this reaction and determine
whether any thermodynamic work would be done on (w > 0)
or by (w < 0) the reaction system if the reaction is carried out
at a constant pressure. (Assume that the gases in this
reaction exhibit ideal-gas behavior at T = 298.15 K and P = 1
bar.)

a. ∆rUo = -3230.7 kJ and w > 0
b. ∆rUo = -3230.7 kJ and w = 0
c. ∆rUo = -3228.2 kJ and w = 0
d. ∆rUo = -3227.0 kJ and w < 0
Question 31
Consider the reaction N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g), and the
following thermodynamic data: standard heat of formation of
NH3(g), ∆fHo = -46.11 kJ/mol; standard molar entropy of N2(g),
Smo = 191.61 J/K-mol; standard molar entropy of H2(g), Smo =
130.684 J/K-mol; and standard molar entropy of NH3(g), Smo =
192.45 J/K-mol. Calculate the ∆H, ∆S, and ∆G for this reaction
carried out under standard pressure and temperature
conditions. Which of the following are the correct values for
∆H, ∆S, and ∆G?
a. ∆H = -92.22 kJ; ∆S = -198.76 J/K; ∆G = -32.99 kJ
b. ∆H = 92.22 kJ; ∆S = 198.76 J/K; ∆G = 32.99 kJ
c. ∆H = -46.11 kJ; ∆S = -99.38 J/K; ∆G = -16.49 kJ
d. ∆H = -46.11 kJ; ∆S = -129.8 J/K; ∆G = -7.43 kJ
Question 32
The Carnot heat engine operates on a thermodynamic cycle
comprised of the following sequence of processes:
a. An isothermal expansion, an adiabatic expansion, an
isothermal compression, and an adiabatic
compression
b. An isothermal expansion, an isochoric expansion, an
isothermal compression, and an isochoric
compression
c. An isentropic expansion, an isoenthalpic expansion,
an isothermal compression, and an adiabatic
compression
d. An isobaric heating, an isothermal expansion, an
isobaric cooling, and an isothermal compression
Question 33
The standard heat of reaction for the decomposition of ZnO(s)
is ∆rHo = 348 kJ/mol. What does this information tell you
about the formation of ZnO(s) under standard STP conditions?
a. The formation of ZnO(s) is an endothermic process.
b. The formation of ZnO(s) is an exothermic process.
c. No thermal energy is either taken up or given off in
the formation process.
d. None of the above answers is correct.
b. Decreasing the temperature of the cold reservoir
(i.e., the heat sink) will increase the efficiency of the
engine.
c. A Carnot cycle is by definition a reversible cycle.
d. Since the Carnot cycle is a cyclic process, the net
work done is zero.
Question 35
Consider a 2-mol sample of an ideal gas, with a molar heat
capacity Cv,m = 12.5 J/K-mol, confined to a volume of 5 dm3 at
a temperature of 300 K. If this gas sample is heated to 373 K
and its volume is allowed to expand to 10 dm3, how much
heat (q) is required to perform this process, and what is the
entropy change (of the gas) that accompanies this process?
a. ∆S = 16.97 J/K; the value of q depends on whether
the process is carried out reversibly or irreversibly
b. ∆S = 5.44 J/K; q = 1825 J
c. ∆S = 11.53 J/K; q = 1825 J
d. ∆S = 16.97 J/K; q = 1825 J
Question 36
Consider a container with rigid, adiabatic walls that is fitted
with a partition that separates the container into two
chambers (one having twice the volume of the other). The
larger chamber contains a 2-mol sample of N2(g) at 298 K and
1 bar pressure, and the smaller chamber contains a 1-mol
sample of He(g) at 298 K and 1 bar pressure. Now suppose
that the partition between the chambers is removed and the
N2 and He gases are allowed to mix. This mixing process is
isothermal and also adiabatic. Assuming that the gases
behave ideally, what would be the ∆U (change in internal
energy), ∆H (enthalpy change), and ∆S (entropy change) that
accompany this mixing process?
a. ∆U = ∆H = ∆S = 0
b. ∆U = 0; ∆S = 15.88 J/K; and there is not enough
information to determine ∆H
c. ∆U = 0; ∆H = 0; ∆S = -15.88 J/K
d. ∆U = 0; ∆H = 0; ∆S = 15.88 J/K
Question 37
Consider a process in which a 2-mol sample of a certain gas is
heated reversibly from 275 K to 375 K under a constant
pressure of 1 bar, and the entropy change for the gas is ∆S =
13.3 J/K. What will be the value of ∆S for a process in which
the same gas sample is heated irreversibly from 275 K to 375
K under a fixed pressure of 1 bar?

Question 34 a. ∆S > 13.3 J/K

Which of the following statements regarding a Carnot-cycle b. ∆S = 13.3 J/K
engine is incorrect? c. ∆S < 13.3 J/K
d. There is not enough information provided to answer
a. Increasing the temperature of the hot reservoir (i.e., this question.
the heat source) will increase the efficiency of the
engine. Question 38
Suppose 2 moles of water at 333 K are added to 4 moles of outside surroundings, and take the heat capacity of the
water at 293 K. What would be the entropy change aluminum blocks to be Cp,m = 24.35 J/K-mol.)
associated with this process, assuming that there is no
exchange of heat with the surroundings? (The heat capacity a. Tequil = 323 K and ∆Stot = 0
of water is Cp,m = 75.3 J/K-mol and may be considered to be b. Tequil = 323 K and ∆Stot = 0.59 J/K
independent of temperature.) c. Tequil = 323 K and ∆Stot = -0.59 J/K
d. Tequil = 373 K and ∆Stot = 6.21 J/K
a. 26 J/K
b. 0.8 J/K Question 42
c. -12.6 J/K What is the change in the molar entropy of Ar(g) when it
d. -0.8 J/K undergoes the following process: Ar(298 K, 1 bar) → Ar(100 K,
10 bar)? (You may assume that the argon behaves as an ideal
Question 39 gas and its heat capacity has a fixed value of Cp,m = 20.8 J/K-
The enthalpy of vaporization of methanol is 35.27 kJ/mol at mol.)
its normal boiling point of 64.1oC. What is the entropy of
vaporization of methanol at this temperature, and what is the a. 41.8 J/K-mol
entropy change in the surroundings when a mole of methanol b. -17.5 J/K-mol
is vaporized at a temperature of 64.1oC and a pressure of 1 c. -41.8 J/K-mol
bar? d. 24.2 kJ/mol

a. ∆vapS0 = 104.6 J/K-mol for methanol; ∆S(surroundings)

= -104.6 J/K-mol
b. ∆vapS0 = -104.6 J/K-mol for methanol; Question 43
∆S(surroundings) = 104.6 J/K-mol Which of the following processes carried out on a 1-mol
c. ∆vapS0 = 104.6 J/K-mol for methanol; ∆S(surroundings) sample of a monatomic gas (assumed to exhibit ideal-gas P-V-
=0 T behavior) will result in the greatest increase in the entropy
d. ∆vapS0 = 550.2 J/K-mol for methanol; ∆S(surroundings) of the gas?
=0
a. Isothermal expansion from a volume of 5 L to a
Question 40 volume of 10 L
The heat of fusion for H2O at 273.15 K and 1 bar pressure is b. Heating the gas from 300 K to 600 K under constant-
6.008 kJ/mol; the heat of vaporization for H2O at 373.15 K volume conditions
and 1 bar pressure is 40.656 kJ/mol; and the molar heat c. Isothermal expansion from a volume of 10 L to a
capacity (Cp,m) of liquid water between 273 K and 373 K has a volume of 15 L
nearly constant value of 75.29 J/K-mol (under a pressure of 1 d. Reversible adiabatic expansion from a volume of 5 L
bar). Given these conditions, which of the following processes to a volume of 10 L
will result in the largest increase in entropy of a 1-mol sample
of H2O? Question 44
Which of the following provides a succinct statement of the
a. Vaporizing H2O(l) at 373 K and 1 bar pressure Clausius Inequality?
b. Melting H2O(s) at 273 K and 1 bar pressure
c. Heating H2O(l) from 273 K to 373 K under a constant a. dS ≥ dq/T for all isothermal processes carried out
pressure of 1 bar reversibly or irreversibly at a constant temperature T.
d. Melting H2O(s) at 273.15 K and 1 bar pressure, and
then heating the liquid water from 273.15 K to just b. dS ≥ dqrev/T for any reversible process carried out at
short of the boiling point at 373.15 K under a a constant temperature T.
constant pressure of 1 bar c. dS ≥ 0 for all spontaneous processes occurring in any
kind of system.
Question 41 d. dG ≤ 0 for a spontaneous process occurring in an
Two 1-mol blocks of aluminum, one at 273 K and the other at isolated system.
373 K, are brought into thermal contact. What will be the
temperature of the two blocks when they have reached Question 45
thermal equilibrium, and what will be the total entropy Which of the following represents a necessary condition for a
change (∆Stot) that accompanies the thermal equilibration chemical reaction to proceed from reactants to products
process? (Assume that the two blocks of aluminum are in a spontaneously?
container with walls that keep them completely isolated from
 a. The reaction must be endothermic. b. 1.43 J/K-mol
b. The reaction must be exothermic. c. 1550 J/K-mol
c. The total entropy of the reacting chemical system d. -143.4 J/K-mol
and its surroundings must increase.
d. The standard entropy change, ∆rS0, for the chemical Question 50
reaction must be ≥ 0. Which of the following played a significant role in developing
the concept of entropy and in formulating the second law of
Question 46 thermodynamics?
Which of the following statements is correct?
a. The Nernst heat theorem
a. For a closed system, ∆S can never have a negative b. The equipartition-of-energy principle
value. c. The formulation and analysis of the Carnot cycle and
b. For a reversible process in a closed system, ∆S must heat engine
be zero. d. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle
c. For an adiabatic process in a closed system, ∆S
cannot have a negative value. Question 51
d. For an adiabatic process in a closed system, ∆S must Which of the following statements does NOT conform to the
be zero. laws of thermodynamics?

a. The entropy of the universe always increases in a

spontaneous change-of-state process.
b. The energy of the universe always remains constant
in any change-of-state process.
c. The entropy of a system always decreases with a
Question 47 decrease in the temperature of the system.
Identify the FALSE statement among the following choices: e. The entropy of any chemically pure substance
approaches a value of zero as the temperature of
a. Calorimetry involves the measurement of heat the substance approaches a value of 0 K, and at T = 0
transfer during a physical or chemical process. K, S = 0.
b. According to the third law of thermodynamics, the
entropies of all perfectly crystalline substances must Question 52
be the same at the absolute zero of temperature (i.e., Among the following processes, which would have a ∆Gm
at T = 0 K). value > 0?
c. For any given change of state, the work done by a
system in an irreversible process is always greater a. Solid water (ice) melts at 1 bar pressure and a
than that in a reversible process. temperature of 0oC.
d. The Joule-Thompson effect relates to the b. Solid water (ice) melts at 1 bar pressure and a
temperature change occurring in a gas during an temperature of 5oC.
isenthalpic expansion of the gas. c. Liquid water is vaporized at 1 bar pressure and a
temperature of 105oC.
Question 48 d. Liquid water is vaporized at 1 bar pressure and a
The translational motions of the molecules in a gas contribute temperature of 95oC.
to the total entropy of the gas. What is the translational
contribution to the total entropy of a 1-mol sample of N2(g) at Question 53
a temperature of 298 K and a pressure of 1 bar? At what pressure will (G - G0) be 2000 J/mol for an ideal gas at
25oC?
a. 15.03 J/K
b. -15.03 J/K a. 2.1 kPa
c. 150.3 J/K b. 21 atm
d. 198.1 J/K c. 2.24 Pa
d. 2.24 bar
Question 49
What is the standard molar entropy (Sm0) of oxygen atoms at Question 54
298 K (assumed to behave as an ideal gas)? Calcium carbonate can exist in two distinctly different
crystalline forms, called calcite and aragonite. The standard
a. 143.4 J/K-mol Gibbs free energy of formation for calcite at 298 K is ∆ fG0 = -
1128.79 kJ/mol, and the standard Gibbs free energy of actions would lead to a decrease in the amount of methanol
formation for aragonite at 298 K is ∆fG0 = -1127.75 kJ/mol. in the equilibrium reaction mixture?
Which crystalline form is the more thermodynamically stable
at a temperature of 298 K and a pressure of 1 bar, and what a. The temperature is raised from 500 K to 600 K.
would be the value of ∆rG0 for the calcite → aragonite b. The pressure is increased from 10 bar to 12 bar.
transformation at 298 K? c. An inert (unreactive) gas is pumped into the reaction
mixture under constant-volume conditions.
a. Calcite is more stable; ∆rG0= -1.04 kJ/mol d. Hydrogen (H2) gas is added to the mixture at
b. Aragonite is more stable; ∆rG0= 1.04 kJ/mol constant pressure.
c. Aragonite is more stable; ∆rG0= -1.04 kJ/mol
d. Calcite is more stable; ∆rG0= 1.04 kJ/mol Question 59
Consider the following reaction between glycine and nitrous
Question 55 acid in an aqueous solution: NH2CH2COOH(aq) + HNO2(aq) ↔
Consider a chemical reaction that is exothermic. If you HOCH2COOH(aq) + N2(g) + H2O(l). What would be the
increase the temperature of the reaction mixture, how will difference between the ∆rG0 and ∆rA0 for this reaction at 298
this action change the equilibrium constant for the reaction? K, assuming that the N2(g) product can be treated as an ideal
gas?
a. It will increase its value.
b. It will decrease its value. a. 2478 J
c. It will have no effect on its value. b. -2478 kJ
d. There is not enough information provided to answer c. 12.22 kJ
this question. d. There is not enough information provided to answer
this question.

Question 60
Consider the following reaction for the decomposition of
sodium bicarbonate:
Question 56
Consider a process in which 1 mol of an ideal gas is 2 NaHCO3(s) → Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
isothermally expanded from 0.01 m3 to 0.10 m3 at a
temperature of 25oC. What is the ∆G for this process? The ∆rH0 and ∆rS0 for this reaction have values of 85.2 kJ/mol
and 215 J/K-mol, respectively. What is the minimum
a. 5.7 kJ temperature required for an NaHCO3(s) sample to
b. -479 J spontaneously decompose into the products shown above
c. -5.70 kJ (under 1 bar pressure conditions)?
d. 479 J
a. 275 K
Question 57 b. 396 K
Consider the dimerization reaction 2 NO2(g) → N2O4(g). This c. 479 K
reaction is exothermic, since the major chemical change is d. 301 K
the formation of a new bond (the N-N bond). The value of
∆rH0 for this reaction carried out at a temperature of 298 K is Question 61
-57.2 kJ. The standard molar capacity of N2O4(g) is Cp,m = Consider the following two reactions: (1) glutamate + NH4+
77.28 J/K-mol, and the standard molar heat capacity of NO2(g) ↔ glutamine, for which ∆rG0 = 15.7 kJ/mol at 37oC; and (2)
is Cp,m = 37.2 J/K-mol. Given this information, what is the ATP ↔ ADP + Pi, for which ∆rG0 = -31.0 kJ/mol at 37oC. (In
value of ∆rH0 for the dimerization reaction carried out at a reaction (2), ATP denotes adenosine triphosphate, ADP
temperature of 1298 K? denotes adenosine diphosphate, and Pi represents inorganic
phosphate.) These two reactions can be coupled by an
a. -54.3 kJ enzyme catalyst (glutamine synthetase), which leads to the
b. -60.1 kJ following reaction: (3) glutamate + NH4+ + ATP ↔ glutamine
c. -43.2 kJ + ADP + Pi. What is the equilibrium constant for reaction (3)
d. 12.2 kJ at a temperature of 37oC?

Question 58 a. 2.3 x 10-3

Consider the exothermic reaction CO(g) + 2H2(g) ↔ CH3OH(g) b. 1.1
at equilibrium at 500 K and 10 bar. Which of the following c. 3.8 x 102
 d. There is not enough information provided to answer d. There is not enough information provided to answer
this question. this question.

Question 62
Consider the reaction Cu2+(aq) + 4NH3(aq) ↔ Cu(NH3)42+(aq),
for which ∆rG0 = -70.54 kJ at 298 K. Now suppose you make
up a reaction mixture in which the activities (a) of the various
species have the following values: a(Cu2+) = 0.01; a(NH3) =
0.01; and a(of the cupric complex product) = 0.01. What will
be the value of ∆rG (at 298 K) for the reaction in the mixture
you have prepared?
a. -116 kJ
b. -24.9 kJ
c. 24.9 kJ
d. There is not enough information provided to answer
this question.
Question 63
Consider the reaction glycerol(aq) + HPO42-(aq) ↔ DL-
glycerol-1-phosphate2-(aq) + H2O(l). The equilibrium constant
for this reaction at 37oC is 0.012, and the value of ∆rG0 at 25oC
is 9.37 kJ. Given this information, what is the equilibrium
constant (Keq) for the reaction at 25oC, and what is the value
of ∆rH0 for the reaction? (You may assume that the ∆rH0 of
the reaction is independent of temperature.)
a. Keq = 0.462 at 25oC; ∆rH0= 40.1 kJ
b. Keq = 0.046 at 25oC; ∆rH0= 21.2 kJ
c. Keq = 0.003 at 25oC; ∆rH0= -40.1 kJ
d. Keq = 0.023 at 25oC; ∆rH0= -40.1 kJ
Question 64
Consider the reaction H2(g) + I2(g) → 2 HI(g). It is reported
that an equilibrium mixture of this reaction system contains
the following concentrations of the reacting species: [H 2] =
1.14 x 10-2 M; [I2] = 1.2 x 10-3 M; and [HI] = 2.52 x 10-2 M.
Given this information, the equilibrium constant for this
reaction may be calculated to have a value of:
a. 1842
b. 46.4
c. 18.4
d. 12.6
Question 65
Consider the reaction N2(g) + O2(g) ↔ 2NO(g). The
equilibrium constant for this reaction has a value of 2.5 x 10-3
at a temperature of 2400 K. What would be the partial
pressure of NO in an equilibrium mixture that is at 2400 K and
contains N2(g) at a partial pressure of 0.1 bar and O 2(g) at a
partial pressure of 0.1 bar?
a. 2.5 x 10-5 bar
b. 5.0 x 10-3 bar
c. 0.2 bar
Question 66
For the process H2O(l) → H2O(s), occurring at a temperature
of -10oC, the ∆Sm has a value of -20.54 J/K-mol. Which of the
following would reflect the values of ∆Hm and ∆Gm associated
with the freezing of water at a temperature of -10oC?
a. ∆Hm < 0; ∆Gm < 0
b. ∆Hm < 0; ∆Gm = 0
c. ∆Hm < 0; ∆Gm > 0
d. ∆Hm > 0; ∆Gm = 0
Question 67
Methanol boils at a temperature of 337.2 K under standard
pressure (P = 1 bar) conditions, and its standard enthalpy of
vaporization is ∆vapH0 = 35.27 kJ/mol. What is the standard
entropy of vaporization of methanol?
a. 104.6 kJ/K-mol
b. 104.6 J/K-mol
c. -104.6 J/K-mol
d. There is not enough information provided to answer
this question.
Question 68
Suppose you wanted to shift the equilibrium position of the
reaction 2 NO2(g) → N2O4(g) in the direction that favors
more dimer formation. Which of the following changes in
reaction conditions would help achieve that goal?
a. An increase in the total pressure of the reaction
mixture, with temperature held constant
b. An increase in the temperature of the reaction
mixture, with total pressure held constant
c. A decrease in the total pressure of the reaction
mixture, with temperature held constant
d. A simultaneous increase in temperature and
increase in pressure
Question 69
The enzyme catalase catalyzes the decomposition of
hydrogen peroxide by the exothermic reaction H 2O2(aq) →
H2O(l) + ½ O2(g). Suppose that a small amount of solid
catalase is added to a 0.1 M aqueous solution of hydrogen
peroxide in a calorimeter, with the initial temperature of the
solution being 25oC. If all the heat liberated in the reaction is
retained by the solution, what will be the final temperature
of the solution after the reaction mixture has reached its final
equilibrium state? (The relevant heats of formation for
H2O2(aq) and H2O(l) are: ∆fH = -191.17 kJ/mol (for aqueous
H2O2) and ∆fH = -285.83 kJ/mol (for liquid H2O). (The heat
capacity of the solution may be taken as having a value of
4.18 kJ/K-L (i.e., 4.18 kJ/K per liter of solution).)
 a. 47.6oC Question 75
b. 27.3oC What is the pressure of CO2(g) over a sample of CaCO3(s) at a
c. 25.2oC temperature of 1000 K, given that ∆rG0 = 22.9 kJ for the
d. 22.7oC reaction CaCO3(s) ↔ CaO(s) + CO2(g)?

Question 70 a. 0.99 bar

The equilibrium constant (Kc) for the hydrolysis of adenosine b. 15.7 bar
triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and c. 6.4 x 10-4 bar
phosphate is 1.67 x 105 mol/dm3 at 37oC, and the ∆rH0 for this d. 6.4 x 10-2 bar
reaction has a value of -20.1 kJ/mol. Given this information,
what is the value of ∆rS0 for the reaction? Question 76
Consider a process in which liquid water is vaporized under
a. 35.1 J/K-mol constant pressure and temperature conditions, with P = 1
b. 35.1 J/mol atm and T = 373.15 K. Which of the following would be true
c. 295 J/K-mol for the ∆Am and ∆Gm quantities associated with this process?
d. -35.1 J/K-mol (Note that Am denotes the molar Helmholtz free-energy
function and Gm denotes the molar Gibbs free-energy
Question 71 function.)
The equilibrium constant for the dimerization reaction 2
NO2(g) → N2O4(g) has a value of 6.75 at a temperature of 298 a. ∆Am < 0; ∆Gm = 0
K. What is the value of ∆rG0 for this reaction at 298 K? b. ∆Am > 0; ∆Gm = 0
c. ∆Am = 0; ∆Gm = 0
a. 4.73 kJ d. ∆Am < 0; ∆Gm < 0
b. 9.46 kJ
c. -4.73 kJ Question 77
d. -2.85 kJ Consider the phase transformation process C(graphite) →
C(diamond). The ∆G for this process at 1 bar pressure and a
Question 72 temperature of 298 K has a value of 2.900 kJ/mol, and the ∆S
The equilibrium constant for the reaction H2(g) + ½O2(g) ↔ for the process under these same pressure and temperature
H2O(l) is reported to have a value of 3.5 x 1041 at a conditions has a value of -3.36 J/K-mol. If you raised the
temperature of 298 K. Given this information, what is the temperature from 298 K to 1000 K, but kept the pressure
value of ∆rG0 for this reaction at 298 K? constant at 1 bar, would this increase, decrease, or not
change the thermodynamic stability of graphite versus
a. 237 kJ diamond?
b. -237 kJ
c. 237 J a. Increase
d. -116 kJ b. Decrease
Question 73 c. Not change
What is the equilibrium pressure of NH 3(g) over a sample of e. There is not enough information provided to answer
NH4Cl(s) as a result of decomposition at 25oC, given that ∆rG0 this question.
= 91.12 kJ for the reaction NH4Cl(s) ↔ NH3(g) + HCl(g)? Question 78
For H2O(s) at 0oC and 1 atm and H2O(l) at 0oC and 1 atm,
a. 1.03 x 10-8 bar which of the following quantities must be equal for the two
b. 1.06 x 10-16 bar phases?
c. 0.65 bar
d. 0.81 bar a. The molar entropy (Sm)
b. The molar enthalpy (Hm)
Question 74 c. The molar Gibbs free energy (Gm)
What is the equilibrium pressure of O2(g) over a sample of d. The molar volume (Vm)
NiO(s) at 298 K, given that ∆rG0 = 211.7 kJ for the reaction
NiO(s) ↔ Ni(s) + ½O2(g)? Question 79
The equilibrium vapor pressure of water at 298 K is 24 Torr. Is
a. 0.843 bar the chemical potential of H2O(l) at 298 K and 20 Torr less than,
b. 7.78 x 10-38 bar equal to, or greater than the chemical potential of H 2O(g) at
c. 6.05 x 10-75 bar the same temperature and pressure?
d. 8.05 x 10-5 bar
a. Greater than
 b. Equal to
c. Less than Question 84
d. There is not enough information provided to answer Consider a 0.01 M aqueous solution of KCl. How will the
this question. vapor pressure of this solution compare with the vapor
pressure of pure liquid water?
Question 80
The molar enthalpy of sublimation of CO2(s) is 25.23 kJ/mol at a. It will be higher.
the standard sublimation temperature, 194.6 K. What is the b. It will be lower.
molar entropy of sublimation of CO2(s) at the standard c. It will be the same.
sublimation temperature? d. There is not enough information provided to answer
this question.
a. 0.13 J/K-mol
b. 129.7 J/K-mol Question 85
c. -129.7 J/K-mol Consider a binary liquid solution in which the constituent
d. There is not enough information provided to answer species are labeled A and B. Suppose that the A-B pairwise
this question. attractive interactions are stronger than the average of the A-
A and B-B pairwise attractive interactions. Which of the
Question 81 following statements about the properties of this solution is
The normal boiling point of Br2 is 331.9 K, and its vapor incorrect?
pressure at 298 K is 0.287 bar. Within the approximations
inherent to the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, what value of a. The vapor pressure of the solution will exhibit
∆vapHm (the molar enthalpy of vaporization) for Br 2 would be negative deviations from Raoult's law behavior.
compatible with this data? b. The vapor pressure of the solution will be less than
½(PA* + PB*) when species A and B are present in
a. -30.7 kJ/mol equimolar amounts (where PA* and PB* denote the
b. 30.7 kJ/mol vapor pressures of pure liquid A and pure liquid B,
c. 70.6 kJ/mol respectively).
d. -12.6 kJ/mol c. The vapor pressure of the solution will exhibit
positive deviations from Raoult's law behavior.
Question 82 d. If the mole-fraction of species A (XA) is much larger
Which of the following statements is incorrect? than the mole-fraction of species B (XB), then the
vapor pressure of B will follow Henry's law behavior.
a. For a one-component system, the maximum number
of phases that can coexist in equilibrium is three. Question 86
b. When three phases coexist in equilibrium in a one- Consider a dilute benzene-in-ethanol solution in which the
component system, one of the phases must be a gas, mole-fraction of benzene is 0.013. The partial vapor pressure
one must be a liquid, and one must be a solid. of the benzene component of this solution has a value of 12.8
c. For a one-component system, the most stable phase Torr. Given this information, what would be the value of the
at a given T and P is the phase with the lowest Gm Henry's law constant for the benzene in this solution?
(molar Gibbs free energy).
d. For a pure substance, the vapor pressure of the solid a. 0.166 Torr
is equal to the vapor pressure of the liquid at the b. 1.02 L-atm
triple-point temperature. c. 985 Torr
d. 985 Torr/mol
Question 83
Which of the following statements is incorrect? Question 87
Consider a dilute liquid solution comprised of solvent A and
a. It is impossible for four phases of a single pure solute B. For this system, which of the following statements is
substance to coexist at equilibrium. incorrect?
b. The maximum number of phases that can coexist in
a system composed of four components is equal to a. The chemical potential of A in solution is always less
six. than the chemical potential of pure liquid A (at fixed
c. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation can be used in the values of pressure and temperature).
characterization of solid-liquid phase equilibria. b. Additions of more solute to the solution will always
d. Two phases at equilibrium must have the same lower the chemical potential of the solvent.
pressure.
 c. Additions of a nonvolatile solute to the solution will and activity coefficients (γ) of the toluene and benzene
always lower the vapor pressure of the solution. constituents of the solution?
d. At any given temperature, the vapor pressure of the
solution will always be less than the vapor pressure a. a(toluene) = 0.3399; a(benzene) = 0.6914; γ(toluene)
of the pure solvent. = 1.03; γ(benzene) = 1.03
b. a(toluene) = 0.77; a(benzene) = 0.23; γ(toluene) =
Question 88 1.11; γ(benzene) = 0.89
Consider a process in which 0.2 mol of liquid acetone is mixed c. a(toluene) = 0.46; a(benzene) = 0.54; γ(toluene) =
with 0.8 mol of liquid chloroform at a temperature of 35 oC 0.79; γ(benzene) = 0.93
and a pressure of 1 bar. Under these conditions, d. There is not enough information provided to answer
measurements show that the activity coefficients of the this question.
acetone and chloroform constituents of the mixture have the
values 0.544 (for acetone) and 0.957 (for chloroform). Given Question 92
this information, what would be the ∆G associated with the If 5.0 g of glucose, C6H12O6, is dissolved in 1.0 L of water at
mixing process? 300 K, what osmotic pressure will the solution exhibit?

a. 1683 J a. 0.69 bar

b. -1683 J b. 0.012 atm
c. -1282 J c. 6.9 atm
d. 440 J d. 69 Pa

Question 89 Question 93
Consider a real gas which, at a temperature of 298 K and If a 1-molal solution of NaCl in water shows a freezing-point
some particular pressure P, has a fugacity coefficient with a depression of 3.7oC, what is the freezing-point depression
value of 1.75. At the given pressure P, what is the difference observed for a 1-molal solution of CaCl2 in water? (Recall that
between the chemical potential of the real gas versus that of both NaCl and CaCl2 are completely dissociated in aqueous
an ideal gas? That is, what is the value of μ(real gas) - μ(ideal solution.)
gas)?
a. 5.55oC
a. -1.39 kJ/mol b. 11.1oC
b. 0 c. 2.47oC
c. 1.39 kJ/mol d. There is not enough information provided to answer
d. There is not enough information provided to answer this question.
this question.
Question 94
Question 90 The solubility of argon in water is 5.15 x 10-3 g of Ar per 100 g
Consider a solution made by dissolving 342 g of sucrose in of H2O at 25oC and an argon pressure of 1 atm. Given this
127 ml of water at 45oC. The vapor pressure of water at 45 oC information, what is the value of the Henry's law constant for
is 0.095 atm and the density of water at 45oC is 0.992 g/ml. an argon-water mixture at 25oC?
What is the vapor pressure of the sucrose/water solution?
(Note: The molar mass of sucrose is 180.2 g/mol.) a. 4.31 atm
b. 4.31 x 105 Pa
a. 0.075 atm c. 12.4 bar/mol
b. 0.115 atm d. 4.31 x 104 atm
c. 0.224 atm
d. 0.008 atm Question 95
The vapor pressure of pure liquid toluene at 300 K is P* =
Question 91 3.572 kPa, and the vapor pressure of pure liquid benzene at
Consider a toluene-benzene solution in which the mole- 300 K is P* = 9.657 kPa. Assuming that mixtures of toluene
fraction of toluene is 0.33. At a temperature of 300 K, the and benzene behave as ideal solutions, what will be the total
total vapor pressure of this solution is 7.89 kPa, and the vapor pressure (PT) of a toluene-benzene mixture containing
partial pressures of the toluene and benzene constituents of 0.60 mole-fraction of toluene at a temperature of 300 K, and
the vapor are Ptoluene = 1.214 kPa and Pbenzene = 6.677 kPa, what will be the mole-fraction of toluene (Xtoluene) in the
respectively. At 300 K, the vapor pressure of pure liquid vapor over this mixture?
toluene is P* = 3.572 kPa and the vapor pressure of pure
liquid benzene is P* = 9.657 kPa. What are the activities (a) a. PT = 7.219 kPa; Xtoluene = 0.643 (in vapor)
 b. PT = 6.006 kPa; Xtoluene = 0.643 (in vapor) d. A 0.01 M aqueous solution of FeCl3
c. PT = 6.006 kPa; Xtoluene = 0.357 (in vapor)
d. There is not enough information provided to answer Question 101
this question. Among the following statements, which one is incorrect?

Question 96 a. The molar entropy of a substance is an extensive

When 2.8 x 10-4 kg of a certain chemical compound is property.
dissolved in 0.579 L of water at 27oC, the osmotic pressure of b. The molar entropy of a substance always increases
the resultant solution is measured and found to have a value with an increase in temperature.
of 0.1625 atm. What is the molar mass of the chemical c. The molar entropy of a molecular gas depends on
compound? the molar mass of the constituent molecules.
d. The entropy of a molecular system depends on the
a. 107.5 g/mol spacings between the rotational and vibrational
b. 6.602 g/mol energy levels of the constituent molecules.
c. 73.3 g/mol
d. 57.9 g/mol Question 102
Consider two systems that are identical in all respects, except
Question 97 that in one the molecules are distinguishable, whereas in the
When 6.29 g of a certain nonvolatile solute is dissolved in 500 other the molecules are indistinguishable. What would be the
g of water, the freezing point of the resultant aqueous difference between the molar entropies of these two systems?
solution is 0.646oC lower than that of pure water. The
cryoscopic constant for water is Kf = 1.856 K-kg/mol. Given a. 446.9 J/K-mol
this information, what is the molar mass of the solute species? b. 53.8 J/K-mol
c. There is no difference.
a. 36.1 g/mol d. There is not enough information provided to answer
b. 72.2 g/mol this question.
c. 36.1 kg/mol
d. 18.1 g/mol Question 103
The electronic ground state of molecular oxygen is three-fold
Question 98 degenerate, and the first electronic excited state is two-fold
Which of the following will have the highest boiling-point degenerate and is located at an energy 15.72 x 10-20 J above
temperature? the ground state. In a sample of O2(g), maintained at an
equilibrium temperature of 298 K, what would be the ratio of
a. A 0.01 M aqueous solution of BaCl2 the populations of O2 molecules in the first electronic excited
b. A 0.1 M aqueous solution of CaCl2 state versus the electronic ground state?
c. A 0.1 M aqueous solution of sucrose
d. A 0.1 M aqueous solution of KCl a. 2.50 x 10-17
b. 3.75 x 10-17
Question 99 c. 1.67 x 10-17
Which of the following will have the lowest boiling-point d. 1.67 x 1017
temperature?
Question 104
a. Pure liquid water The fundamental vibrational frequency of an oxygen
b. A 0.01 M aqueous solution of NaHCO3 molecule (O2) is 4.741 x 1013 s-1. What would be the value of
c. A 12 M solution of sulfuric acid the vibrational partition function for O2 at a temperature of
d. A 0.1 M aqueous solution of glucose 1000 K, assuming that the molecular vibrational motion can
be treated in the harmonic oscillator approximation?

a. 1115
b. 1.115
Question 100 c. 10.15 s-1
Which of the following will have the lowest freezing-point d. 10.15 J
temperature? Question 105
The ground electronic state of atomic oxygen is five-fold
a. A 0.01 M aqueous solution of NaCl degenerate, the first electronic excited state is three-fold
b. A 0.01 M aqueous solution of BaCl2 degenerate and is located 3.142 x 10-24 J above ground, and
c. A 0.01 M aqueous solution of KBr
the second electronic excited state is nondegenerate and is
located 4.498 x 10-24 J above ground. No other electronic
excited states of atomic oxygen are thermally accessible at
300 K. Given this information, what is the value of the
electronic partition function for atomic oxygen at a
temperature of 300 K?

a. 9
b. 6.74 x 10-24
c. 4.03 x 10-24
d. 6.743

Question 106
What is the value of the molecular translational partition
function for the nitrogen molecules in a sample of N2(g)
confined to a container of volume 1 m 3 and a temperature of
300 K?

a. 2.41 x 108
b. 1.45 x 1032
c. 1.45 x 1032 J/m3
d. 2.41 x 108 kJ/molecule
ANSWER KEY 55. B
56. C
1. C 57. A
2. C 58. A
3. B 59. A
4. C 60. B
5. A 61. C
6. A 62. B
7. A 63. D
8. A 64. B
9. A 65. B
10. C 66. A
11. C 67. B
12. A 68. A
13. C 69. B
14. D 70. A
15. A 71. C
16. D 72. B
17. B 73. A
18. C 74. C
19. A 75. D
20. D 76. A
21. D 77. A
22. C 78. C
23. D 79. A
24. B 80. B
25. B 81. B
26. A 82. B
27. D 83. C
28. D 84. B
29. C 85. C
30. D 86. C
31. A 87. D
32. A 88. B
33. B 89. C
34. D 90. A
35. A 91. A
36. D 92. A
37. B 93. A
38. B 94. D
39. A 95. C
40. A 96. C
41. B 97. A
42. C 98. B
43. A 99. A
44. A 100. D
45. C 101. A
46. C 102. A
47. C 103. C
48. C 104. B
49. A 105. D
50. C 106. B
51. D
52. D
53. D
54. D