Final

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study

Technology has changed the lives of many people. We now live in a world where we use
technology in our daily life; from communication, entertainment, businesses and more. The
influence of technology is now obvious and continues to change the world.
Technology helps improve the way we live so that we can minimize time, energy and
effort, and spend the remaining time for our personal life. It has also helped many business
establishment organize, solve and detect problems. According to Karehka Ramey (2013),
technology is also an application of science to solve a problem.
Technology has many forms and the most popular are the computers. Computers are now
used by organizations such as business, schools, health and even homes. They have become
important because of performance and its ability to store, retrieve, and organize vast amounts of
information and help in decision making. According to Ali Riza (2011), the emergence of
computer technology itself is actually beneficial to mankind, the positive influences that can
come out of the tool is of course dependent on its utilization. Technologycomes more
sophisticated and cheaper, they have been more available for the society to own, and wherever
you look, latest technology are everywhere.
In an article entitled, The Role of Computers in Modern Life at writemypapers.org, the
fact that computers have considerably changed the lives of human beings can hardly be denied.
Majority of us cannot imagine our lives without them. Computers make people’s lives easier and
more comfortable; they provide opportunities for staying in touch with billions of people who
lives in different parts of the world. Today people can drive computerized cars and work for
employers from other countries without even seeing them personally. In addition, in an article
entitled “The Influence of Computers in Our Lives” found inacademia.edu, no one can ignore or
deny that computers play an effective role in our lives. In fact, many of us spend a lot of hours in
front of computers playing, chatting, studying, or doing researches.
Santa High School Computerized Billing System 1|Page

Almost all industries now use information systems to handle business transactions, and
schools are no exemptions.Over the years, school record keeping has evolved from paper-based
systems to complex computerized technology and it is moving forward to help schools minimize
workloads with regards to paper works. The Billing System is importantto a school since its
primary function is to handle computations and financial information. As Kristina Anderson
(2015) stated, the quicker your business get invoices to customers and clients, the faster your
business will be paid, which will have a positive impact on cash flow. Delays in payments can
even put your business at stake.It is associated with the billing records, calculating the balance
for each billing record, and collecting payments received from the students.
In view of these, the proponents, with their knowledge and experience in the Information
Technology field, have developed the Santa High School Computerized Billing System to give
support to effectiveness and efficiency, and to increase productivity through the utilization of
modern technology. Through the use of application, the treasurer will be able to secure an
accurate and efficient way of computing the payments of students of Santa High School
Incorporaed. It also will enable the user to store and modify the student information needed for
their billing process for a much better and faster way of computing their billing records. It also
allows the student to view their remaining balance.
The developed system will supplement the benefits which will help the treasurer to
retrieve the student records and precise records like student information, paid and unpaid
balances. A secured account is provided to the user of the system. The system produces accurate
and reliable record transactions and conflict of information given by the treasurer is avoided.
Additionally it would be faster than the manual process; it helps the treasurer to eliminate the
manual calculation and listing of payments because the system will automatically compute and
save the records.
History of Santa High School Inc.

Situated in Santa, Ilocos Sur, Santa High School was established in 1947 through the
initiative and efforts of Judge Vicente Custodio, Mr. BonifacioCorpuz, Rev Fr. OsmundoCalip,
Mr. Fidel Bello, Dr. Teodoro de Peralta, Mrs. Dolores Custodio, Mrs. F. Belardo, Miss Salvacion
Ben, Miss Agustina Belmonte, Miss FelomenaSaraos, and Mrs. Natividad P. Bello. Housed in an

old fashioned building of Spanish Architecture it has its main objective of providing the youth
with extensive knowledge and building their character to be upright citizens of the country.
With the approval of Department of Education, Culture and Sports headed by then,
Secretary of Education and Director of Private Schools, Hon. PrudencioLangcauon, and Dr.
Manuel L. Carreon, respectively, the Santa High School opened First year and Second year
academic levels.
The Board of Trustees of the school were: Atty. Isidro M. Bello – President; Rev. Fr.
OsmundoCalip – First Vice President; Dr. Jose Ochosa – Second Vice President; Engr. Jose B.
Bello – Secretary; Mr. BonifacioCorpuz – Treasurer; Mr. Jose Ramirez – Auditor; Atty. Vicente
Custodio – Trustee; Ms. Felicidad Bello – Trustee; and Ms. Agustina Belmonte – Trustee. The
members of the faculty were: Engr. Jose B. Bello – Principal, Physics and Math Instructor; Mr.
Rosalio Oliver – History, Economics and Tagalog Instructor; Miss ConsolacionQuitazol –
English and Tagalog Instructress; Rev. Fr. AgripinoBrillantes – Religion Instructor; Dr. Jose
Ochosa – Physical Education Director; Mrs. Maria N. Ramirez – Librarian; and Rev. Fr.
OsmundoCalip – Spanish Instructor. Mrs. Consuelo Velasco – Biology, Science and History
Instructor. The school started with one hundred twenty (120) students.
In 1948, Santa High School opened a third year level class. During the school year 1949-
1950 through the efforts of the school administration, the school received from the Bureau of
Private Schools due recognition, giving it permission to offer a complete secondary course and
vocational courses. Because of the increase in enrollees, the Scool Administration had to move to
a bigger building to accommodate all students. When the family of Atty. Isidro M. Bello moved
to their new house, their old house was used as school building.
The first graduation program of Santa High School was held on April 15, 1950, which
marks one of the most significant events of the school.
The people of Santa had witnessed what the Santa High School had contributed to the
well-being of the youth, especially to the poor but deserving students. Their hope for the higher
education was no longer a mirage. The school became an oasis of their most conceived dream…
a school within their reach that can compete with all the challenges of tomorrow. As Atty. Isidro
M. Bello said, “The building of a High School wherein the children of poor parents will find
their accommodation; and to be poor is never a stigma of dishonor. The Santa High School has to

comply with her mission. To bring education to the door of every family is not only for the
destitute.”
In 1951, there was a reorganization of the school staff; Mr. Celestino Bueno was
appointed director and Mrs. Felicidad T. Florendo was hired as the principal. In the same year, a
reorganization of the Board of Trustees was held; it included Atty. Isidro M. Bello – President;
Mrs. Felicidad Florendo – Trustee Treasurer; Mrs. Natividad P. Bello – Trustee Secretary and
Registrar; Antonio P. Bello – Member; and BonifacioCorpuz – Member.
The faculty was also revamped, New teachers were Mrs. Josefina O. Bello – English and
History; Mrs. Teresita Leones – Filipino; Miss EzperanzaBarnachea – History; P.S. Life; Miss
Resurreccion Ramirez – English Literature; Mr. Ernesto Bitonio – English, Mathematics; Mr.
Generoso Garcia – Physics. Five years later, Atty. Antonio P. Bello became the President of the
Board of Trustees; Atty. Isidro M. Bello – Trustee Administrator; and Miss Victoria P. Bello –
Trustee. The faculty members were: Mateo Quemado – Mathematics; Miss Victoria Bello –
Tagalog, History; Mrs. Asuncion Bello – English; Miss Teresita Castaneda – P.E. Librarian;
Mrs. Felicidad Florendo remained the principal.
The progress of the school is inevitable. In 1963, another batch of younger minds came in
addition to the present faculty members. They were Mr. Rolando de Castro – Science, PMT
Instructor; and Miss Leonarda Rios – Mathematics.
Problems came in and out, fortunately, all problems were given their respective solutions.
In 1974, the founder of the school, Mr. Isidro M. Bello passed away. It was during this year
when the school’s enrolment multiplied. The Board of Trustees was again reorganized. Atty.
Antonio P. Bello became the President; Mrs. Victoria Billena – Vice President; Mrs. Felicidad
Florendo – Trustee Treasurer; Mrs. Natividad P. Bello – Trustee Secretary; Mrs. Victoria Billena
– Trustee; Mrs. Marilou de Castro – Trustee; Miss Consuelo Bello – Trustee; Mrs. Milagros
Josefa Bello – Trustee; and Mr. Rolando de Castro – Director.
The school was practically run by the Bello family. Majority of the stockholders sold
their shares for the schooling of their children at the Santa High School. At present, all stocks are
owned by the family. By the mid 70’s to the late 80’s the school experienced a very rewarding
chapter of its life. Mrs. Felicidad Florendo – Principal, saw it very clear that the management of
the school was quite competent.

In 1986, Mrs. Florendo retired. The chair was vacated for Mr. Isidro P. Bello Jr., son of
Atty. Bello Sr. by the Board of Trustees. During the school year 1987 he formally started as the
principal of Santa High School Incorporated. After his first term, the school suffered significant a
decrease in the number of enrolees.
In 1988; the government implemented the free secondary education program. The
barangay high schools absorbed some students of the Santa High School. However, despite this
problem, the school continued its normal operation. The government in support of existing
private schools, created GASTPE (Government Assistance to Students and Teachers of Private
Education) or TFS (Tuition Fee Supplement) and ESCS (Education System Contracting
Scheme).
In 1989, Santa High School regained about the same previous number of enrollees. The
school grew and kept up at with pace.
In 1990 and 1991, the Board of Trustees was reorganized because of the death of its
members, Mrs. Natividad P. Bello and Atty. Antonio P. Bello.
Half a century passed since it was founded, thousands of its graduates succeeded in their
own fields to become a cut above the rest, they had never forgotten to look back at their Alma
Mater. They are always extending their support and assistance.
In appreciation and recognition, the Santa High School Alumni Association held its First
General Alumni Homecoming on March 30, 1997 which coincided with the celebration of the
golden anniversary of Santa High School.
Truthfully, the Santa High School is a haven of genuine love, sweet pains and sacrifices
and a vast allure of educational opportunities and interesting hive of knowledge that fed to
thousands of minds who wanted to be educated well in spite the destitute lives they had. It has a
strong foundation that was built because of the generosity of its alumni. They were genuine sons
and daughters of their Alma Mater. This secondary school which was built in the midst of blues
and the greens is like the seventh heaven where you can find true educational services extracted
from sincere love.
Today, the Santa High School is standing on its depths with a mighty aura that was casted
through the love of its founders, teachers, spearheads, contributors and most importantly, its
students… the hope of Santa.

Mission of SHSI
The Santa High School Incorporated, through honest education aims for more enhance
lives of the youth through scholarship programs especially for the less fortunate but deserving
students implant in their tender and delicate minds, moral values, and proper discipline to
promote nation-building and competence with the challenges of today and tomorrow.
Vision of SHSI
The Santa High School Incorporated is founded and steered by its vision of becoming a
leading secondary school in educational service for all Santanians, distinctly children of marginal
farmers and fisher folks who could ill afford to study.
Conceptual Framework
The developers used the RAD. The RAD is a concept that was born out of frustration
with the waterfall software design approach which too often resulted in products that were out of
date or inefficient by the time they were actually released and divided into phases. The System
Development Life Cycle focuses on the user design and construction phase.
RAD is a software development methodology that uses minimal planning in favor of
rapid prototyping. It is a suite of software development methodology techniques used to expedite
software application development and uses predefined prototyping techniques and tools to
produce software applications.
Figure 1.1 shows the research paradigm of Santa High School Computerized Billing System

Existing process of
the current system
Features of the Coding

current system
Acceptability
System
Figure 1.1
Research Paradigm of Santa High School Computerized Billing System
Statement of Objectives
The study aims to develop and design theSanta High School Computerized Billing
System. It seeks the following objectives.
1. To identify the existing processes involved in the current system.
2. To identify the features of the developed system.
3. To test the acceptability of the system.
Significance of the Study

The study will be beneficial to the following entities:
Santa High School Incorporated. Once the system is implemented, it will help and
improve the school by monitoring the student payments and balance.It will be a value added
innovation such that it uses the modern way to manage student information and provide a
competitive advantage to its competitors.

School Treasurer. It will minimize time in checking and monitoring of payments,
transactionsand balances. It will help the treasurer to minimize the workload. The school
treasurer can ensure the reliability of the information stored in their office with the used of the
system.
Students. It will help the students for the faster transaction with regards to payments.
Developers. This study will serve as important experience for the developers to improve
their skills in developing a system and gain more knowledge and experience in terms of using it.
Future Developers. This study can serve as reference for future studies in developing a
system to provide a better and reliable one.
Scope and Limitations

This Computerized Billing System focuses on the development of an information system
enhancing office transactions towards its stakeholders. The system can only be used by the
treasurer and can be substituted by the registrar if she’s not around. It tracks all the billing
records of the students.
Scope
The system automates the student billing accounts. It has a search button for faster
transaction and security features to avoid unauthorized usage of the system. Only the registered
users are able to manage their username and password and they are also able to create another
one if needed. The print feature enables the user to print-out the student accounts individually or
as a whole specifically to their balances.
Limitation
This study is limited to pilferage. The payroll is not provided by the system. The registrar
has a limited access to the system which includes the storing and modifying of student
information. There are several cases of untallied student information and accounts. And also, in
updating student records, there is a possibility that the student’s information might be replaced.

Characteristic of the Current System
The school currently uses manual billing system. For the student who pay for his/her fees,
the school treasurer will look at the record of the student and calculate the initial payment if
he/she already partially paid. After counter checking, the school treasurer will issue a temporary
receipt to the student if he/she hadn’t fully paid yet. The paymentrecords are stored in a record
book.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Existing Process of Billing System

This chapter presents the survey the developers have undertaken for better understanding
of the development and evaluation of Billing System for Santa High School Inc. The proponent
sought the theories and concepts in the diverse collection of books and from a broad array of
studies.
Anil Kumar Anjana, Bhaiya Lal Anjana, and Saurabh Jain (2008), students from
international School of informatics and Management in Jaipur conducted a research about Billing
System. According to their case study, there are several problems with the existing system the
business uses that must be worked on and improved. That’s why they decided to make a
proposed some solutions for the said system. The figured out that time (to retrieve and store data)
is a common problem with the existing system the company uses. The system also requires a lot
of paper works and even a small transaction requires many paper to be filled. Thus, any
fortuitous event (such as fire and such) can easily destroy all the data of the organization.
A loss of even a single paper or a document can lead to a burdensome situation for the
business, because all of the papers are interrelated. Another problem states that the data cannot
be shared or utilized by different persons at the same time. Actual movement of the data must be
done in order to make it usable by several persons at any time. To sum it all up, these problems
should be solved by altering or improving its processes. Time is always of the essence, and it is
very important in businesses. Just by the mere identification and analysis of the problems being
showed in the existing system, it would cost the business itself more once these are not solved.
They also conducted a feasibility study with regards to their proposed system. They
considered the technical, behavioral, and economic feasibilities of the study. They identified
things from software to the hardware that the system might be using once it is implemented. In
terms of behavioral feasibility, they studied or evaluated the behavior of the end users to the
system which may affect the system’s implementation. Some people are resistant to changes. So,
a good estimate should be made on how strong reaction the user staff is likely to have towards
the development of a computerized system. As the aim of the system is only to satisfy the
Santa High School Computerized Billing System 10 | P a g e

information needs, no employees will lose their position by the proposed system. In fact, the
proposed system will help the organization in reducing the voluminous work involved.
Hence, Richard Breitmeyer (2015), Manual systems put pressure on people to be correct
in all details of their work at all times, the problem being that people aren’t perfect, however
much each of us wishes we were. With manual systems the level of service is dependent on
individuals and this puts a requirement on management to run training continuously for staff to
keep them motivated and to ensure they are following the correct procedures. It can be all too
easy to accidentally switch details and end up with inconsistency in data entry or in hand written
orders. Reporting and checking that data is robust can be timely and expensive. This is often an
area where significant money can be saved by automation. It takes more effort and physical
space to keep track of paper documents, to find information and to keep details secure. When
mistakes are made or changes or corrections are needed, often a manual transaction must be
completely redone rather than just updated. With manual or partially automated systems
information often has to be written down and copied or entered more than once.
A manual accounts system, if developed correctly can deliver timely and accurate
information. In many ways, particularly for the smaller business, in a well-designed manual
accounting system the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. The manual system, though
requires a greater understanding of how to book keep, can be easier to manage, once the key
concepts of double entry book keeping have been learnt. The basic book keeping skills needed,
once mastered, apply to all the books of account and can be applied to any business, whether you
are setting up a manual accounting system for a plumber, website designer or even a book
keeping business, the fundamentals are the same. A disadvantage of a manual accounting system
is the likelihood of human error, however those errors manifest themselves. Errors in addition,
transposition of figures, incorrect recording of a transaction, incomplete recording of a
transaction, - where only one side of the double entry is recorded - are all quite common
mistakes and can prove to be quite difficult to locate without a good deal of experience in
accounting. Another obvious disadvantage is the likelihood of damage to the records themselves.
It might seem an obvious downside, but the records in a paper based accounts system are
susceptible to damage by water, fire and other perils. In addition where there exists many

transactions to record in a business the sheer volume of transactions can be a disadvantage of a
manual accounting system. (http://www.accountsman.com)
Features of the Proposed System

In cpapracticeadvisor.com, 2013 Review of Time and Billing Systems (2013), billing
software is an essential management tool for almost any professional accounting and
bookkeeping firm. The discipline of tracking time and comparing efforts to the resulting client
billings makes it easier for practitioners to manage their own efforts, as well as those of their
employees.
Billing software is the best billing (invoice software) for all small and midsized business.
Billing software can simplify your billing and save you time and money. You don't need to
employ an accountant to use the billing software. It will expand your business’ billing
management capacity. The benefits of billing software is that it doesn’t need any technical
computer or accounting knowledge to create any invoice. Just install and start invoicing.It also
has predefined communication templates and quotes like invoice header and footer, email
templates, invoice cancellation, payment successful, and more. You can also add other templates
according to your need.It manages recurring billing cycles (subscriptions). It also have Password
protection for company’s files.It manages customers as well product database.It fully supports
multiple users over a network. And prints invoices on standard computer paper using any type of
printer. (www.slideshare.net)
Hence, Liam Derbyshire (2011), it provides many facilities to the people working
through it. In the billing process one simply have to add the information into the data base and all
the calculations are done by the billing services provider itself. It handles all the data merging,
copying from the sources and application of different formulas on it to get the required results for
the company.
As cited in the article entitled “Computerized Billing for Time Improves Client
Communications and Profitability” by Murphy (1996) he stated the accounting firms can
improve their profitability and relation with clients by automating client billing with computers.
Accounting firms can use a personal computer as an economical means of computerizing the
billing process.

A computerized Billing System allows accounting firms to more effectively manage their
employee’s productivity and give them the means to analyze the hours billed of each employee.
A Computerize Billing System provides more control over accounts receivable and client work
processes.
Computerized systems allow for greater efficiency in performing specific tasks both more
accurately and more rapidly than doing the same task using, for example, a pencil and paper or a
pencil and ledger book. Computerized systems also offer storage capacity efficiency. For
example, a computerized system's hard drive taking up a relatively small amount of space can
store a large collection of business or personal documents. A paper-based system, in contrast,
would take up at least one, and usually more, file cabinets for storage of the same document
collection.
When using a computerized accounting system the on computer, input screens have been
designed for ease of use. The main advantage is that each transaction needs only to be inputted
once, unlike a manual double entry system where two or three entries are required. The
computerized ledger system is fully integrated. This means that when a business transaction is
inputted on the computer it is recorded in a number of different accounting records at the same
time.
Acceptability of the System

A computerized system is a computer system with a purpose. An example includes a
computerized accounting system. An accounting system is a collection of processes, procedures
and controls designed to collect, record, classify and summarize financial data for purposes of
interpretation and informed management decision-making. Computerized systems are automated,
and calculations are handled by software, eliminating possible errors and saving time. For
instance, automatic processing of invoices makes accounting less time-consuming.
Computerized systems are designed for accuracy to the smallest detail. Once the data is entered
into the system, calculations for functions such as payroll and billing are performed quickly and
efficiently by accounting software programs. Computerized systems make it easier for different
individuals to access data even outside the office. One can access accounting records quickly
without having to sift through stacks of papers. Accuracy of calculations of computerized system

ensures reliability of financial statements prepared by computers. Computerized systems store
data in off-site locations, ensuring safety from natural and man-made disasters such as fires.
(Reference.com)
Making the transition from manual to computerized billing can transform the way a
billing practice handles its procedures as well as its data. Because of the extent to which
payments and payment processing rely on electronically transmitted information, you may look
to a computerized billing system before you consider digitizing all the records in your
practice. (Elizabeth Mott)
End user acceptance of such sensitive technology as money-circulating payment systems
is the critical key aspect of the whole path of payment systems’ establishment. Without such
acceptance no technology can successfully exist on the market, and payment systems are not an
exception. According to Dillon & Morris (1996) user acceptance is “the demonstrable
willingness within a user group to employ information technology for the tasks it is designed to
support”.
This definition can be enhanced with the understanding that the user perception of information
technology (IT) can be influenced by objective characteristics of technology, as well as by
human factors and interaction with other users and related parties. For example, the social
information processing model (SIPM), (Salancik&Pfeffer, 1978), suggests that attitudes towards
technology are influenced by opinions, information, and behavior of others.
User acceptance is a pivotal factor determining the success or failure of any information
system project, (Davis, 1993). Many studies on information technology report that user attitudes
and human factors are important aspects affecting the success of an information system, (Davis,
1989, Burkhardt, 1994, Rice &Adyn, 1991).
Besides SIPM, a well-known approach to explaining and modelling user acceptance is
the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), (Davis, 1989). TAM suggests that users formulate
attitudes toward the technology that depends on whether they perceive the IT to be useful and
easy to use.
However, TAM does not take into account other factors that may be critical to user
acceptance or rejection of such specific technology as EPSs, such as security, trust, privacy and
involved risks. Extending the SIPM assumption, user acceptance of online EPSs could be

affected by a number of factors and parties, creating a broader sense of the social context of
EPSs in the Internet environment. User experience with an EPS can be influenced or
manipulated by various aspects, such as marketing, publicity, the reputation of the bank behind
the system, trust towards the company operating the system and technology behind the system,
and convenience of the user interface, see also Guttmann (2003), Kalakota&Whinston (1997),
and Egger (2003).
Issues such as trust, usability, applicability, security, and convertibility are extremely
important because they can influence subsequent decisions of people whether to use a payment
system or not.
There are several obstacles to user acceptance of EPSs: developers not only have to sell
the service to potential users, they also have to convince the users to entrust their money to a
third party institution, to rely on the payment system in their business and personal finance, and
to use it frequently for convenience, reliability, specific applications, services and for a variety of
other reasons. To achieve this high standard of user acceptance, the creators of a payment system
should bear in mind user-related factors from the very beginning of the conception of the
payment system. Designing for user acceptance of online electronic payment systems is thus the
main issue put forward by research described in this thesis.
An open challenge remains for designers and developers of novel Internet-based payment
systems to meet user expectations, requirements, preferences and needs in design and operation
of the systems. Resolving these issues is critical for the development and operation of new
payment systems and future growth of e-commerce.

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The developers used the descriptive research method to define the project and seek the
answer of research question.
The developers will use theRapid Application Development (RAD) Model as project
methodology. The RAD is a concept that was born out of frustration with the waterfall software
design approach which too often resulted in products that were out of date or inefficient by the
time they were actually released and divided into phases (Margaret Rouse). It is a software
development methodology that uses minimal planning in favor of rapid prototyping. A prototype
is a working model that is functionally equivalent to a component of the product. Rapid
application development (RAD) is a suite of software development methodology techniques used
to expedite software application development. It uses predefined prototyping techniques and
tools to produce software applications. It encompasses a graphical user interface (GUI)
development environment, allowing end users to easily drag and drop required software
application components.
The difference of this model from the other methodology is that Rapid application
development tools prioritize speed and agility so that teams can increase their productivity and
improve project outcomes. RAD approaches to software development put less emphasis on
planning and more emphasis on process. It approaches emphasize adaptability and the necessity
of adjusting requirements in response to knowledge gained as the project progresses. Prototypes
are often used in addition to or sometimes even in place of design specifications.

Figure 3.1 Rapid Application Development (RAD)
Requirements Planning Phase. Combines the elements of the system planning and
systems analysis phases of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC). It ends when the team
agrees on the key issues and obtains management authorization to continue.
This includes gathering of necessaryinformation’s to be used in constructing the system.
User design phase. During this phase, users interact with systems analysts and develop
models and prototypes that represent all system processes, inputs, and outputs. User Design is a
continuous interactive process that allows users to understand, modify, and eventually approve a
working model of the system that meets their needs.
The developers started to plan and construct the design of the system interacted with the
organization.
Construction phase. Focuses on program and application development task similar to
the SDLC. In RAD, however, users continue to participate and can still suggest changes or
improvements as actual screens or reports are developed. Its tasks are programming and
application development, coding, unit-integration and system testing.
After all the diagrams were confirmed, the designs of the system were implemented into
codes then codes were built that implement the design of the system.

Cut-over. Resembles the final tasks in the SDLC implementation phase, including data
conversion, testing, changeover to the new system, and user training. Compared with traditional
methods, the entire process is compressed. As a result, the new system is built, delivered, and
placed in operation much sooner.
In this phase, the proponents tried to find flaws and improved the system. The system
was tested by the proponents together with their adviser to ensure the functionality of the system.
Instrumentation and Data Collection

These are the fact finding strategies. They are tools for data collection. It includes
Questionnaire, Interview, Internet and Library.The researchers have decided to use the following
instruments in collecting data in order to get all the needed information faster.
Structured Interview. The researchers asked question to the School Treasurer regarding
for the important information about the Billing System with the use of questionnaire as a guide.
Internet Research. This is the most commonly used and it would take a long time for
searching the possible information that needed to develop the system.
Library Research. It will help the researcher in gathering information about the Billing
System from different references which involved consulting of books and related thesis.
Questionnaire. It is a technique used to collect information especially if you’re going to
conduct a survey.
Sources of Data
The primary source of data in the design and development of the system were the
information derived from consultation and interviews conducted to the Principal, Mrs. Cecilia B.
Adviento, the treasurer, Mrs. Consuelo B. Batin, and the chairman, Mr. Isidro P. Bello Jr.,
regarding the process in gathering student information and collecting student payments, storing
and tracking of records.
The secondary source of data are mainly from the printed materials such as books, related
thesis studies and other unpublished materials such as information found in the internet in a form
of posted articles regarding to the requirements and the feature of the system.

Tools for Data Analysis
The analytical tools used in conducting the proposed study are the Flowchart, Entity
Relationship Diagram and Database Schema, which are precisely discussed in this section for the
development of the system.
The developers use the following tools for analysis in gathering related information in
developing the Billing System.
Flowchart.Is a diagram that shows the step-by-step process with the use of symbols and
arrows. A formalized graphic representation of a logic sequence, work or manufacturing process,
organization chart, or similar formalized structure.Flowcharts use simple geometric symbols and
arrows to define relationships. (Pete Gallagher, 2008)
Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)–it is a graphical representation of entities and their
relationships to each other. As stated by Martin, James (1986a) it is a technique used model the
data requirements of an organization; it is used by system analysis typically in the requirements
analysis phase of a systems development project. In these projects it is more than simply a
diagramming technique or visual aid; it is also used as the basis for the design of the relational
database underlying the information system being developed.
Database Schema. It is the skeleton structure that represents the logical view of the
entire database. It defines how the data is organized and how the relations among them are
associated. It formulates all the constraints that are to be applied on the data.
A database schema is a collection of meta-data that describes the relations in a database.
A schema can be simply described as the "layout" of a database or the blueprint that outlines the
way data is organized into tables. Schema are normally described using Structured Query
Language as a series of CREATE statements that may be used to replicate the schema in a new
database (Mike Chapple).

CHAPTER IV
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
The Existing Process

Santa High School Incorporated still uses the manual process in collecting student
information, student payments, and retrieving balances. The treasurer records the student
information together with their billing records in a ledger book and kept under the drawer.
Before the quarterly exams, the treasurer looks at every student record one by oneand distributes
a list to the respective advisers of every sections. Student information are arranged alphabetically
into their respective section.
Existing Student Information Gathering Process

Santa High School Incorporated uses a manual process in gathering information of the
students. They give an enrolment form to the student for them to fill up. Problems encountered
are that some of the enrolment forms end up torn or misplaced. The registrar doesn’t have any
back up copy. In retrieving the student record, it will take a lot of time in finding the its billing
records and it will be time consuming on the part of the teacher as well as the student.

START A
The student fill-up the enrollment form

given by the registrar
If the
information
YES inserted is NO
correct
The student informationis The student will fill-up

passed to the treasurer for another student record.
the student billing record.
A
END
Figure 4.1 Existing Student Information Gathering Process
In the Existing Student Information Gathering Process, the student will fill-up the
enrolment form and pass to the registrar after filling up all the necessary information needed. The
registrar will provide a copy of student information to the treasurer for billing information
records.
Existing Process in Collecting and Recording of Student Payments

In the existing billing process, the treasurer will ask the student information and find
his/her record on the ledger book where the billing records is written manually. The problem

encountered is that it will be time consuming to find the student record even though the records
were written according to their section and alphabetically arranged.
The common problem of the manual system is the inefficiencyy and being time
consuming in searching for the students records. Also, with the manual system, the records tend
to get wet or lost.Additionally, anunauthorized person can enter an amount to a specific name
without the knowledge of the treasurer or the registrar.
START A
The registrar pass the record provided

for the treasurer for billing records.
If the
information
YES given is NO
correct
The student informationwill The treasurer will return the

be written in the ledger book student records to the registrar
for billing records. to double check the
information provided for the
treasurer
END
A
Figure 4.2 Existing Process in Collecting and Recording of Student Payments

In the Figure 4.2 shown below, Existing Process in Collecting and Recording of Student
Payments, after the enrollment, the registrar will provide a record and will be given to the
treasurer for billing records. If there is an error in the record given to the treasurer, the treasurer
will return the record to the registrar to double check the student records. If the records is already
corrected by the registrar, treasurer will write the student records in the ledger that they are using
as billing record.
Features of the System

The features of the system are presented in the following Plates.
Plate 4.1 shows the login form of the Santa High School Computerized BillingSystem.
Plate 4.1 Login Form
Login Form
This form requires to input the user name and the set password and select his/her
respective position of the user in order to login and can access the main form and the features of
the System. The login form will show once the system has started.

Plate 4.2 shows the Home Form of the Santa High School Computerized BillingSystem
Plate 4.2 Home Form
Home Form
This form displays the different buttons of the system with different functions..
Plate 4.3 shows the Student Information Form of the Santa High School Computerized
Billing System.

Plate 4.3 Student Information Form
Student Information Form

In this form, the treasurer can add the student information and payment type. The
registrar cannot add student information and its payment type.
Plate 4.4 shows the Update Form of the Santa High School Computerized BillingSystem.
Plate 4.4 Edit Student Record Form
Edit Student Record Form

This is the form wherein you can edit the student information in case there is a mistyped
word. The update button saves the changes done.

Plate 4.5 shows the Billing Statement Form of the Santa High School Computerized
BillingSystem.
Plate 4.5Billing Statement Form
Billing Statement Form

This is where the user can add the student payments. This form provided a search button
for faster way of finding the student record.
Plate 4.6 shows the Ledger Form of the Santa High School Computerized BillingSystem.

Plate 4.6 Ledger
Ledger
This form displays the full master list of the student billing records. There is a search
button provided for faster way of viewing records. A sort button is used in viewing records by
section or by ID number, it has also a print button to print the whole master list.Double click any
name and a form will appear that enables the user to print students account individually.
Plate 4.7 shows the Print Preview Master list Form of the Santa High School
BillingComputerized System.
Plate 4.7 Print Preview – Master list
Print Preview – Master list

In this form, a print preview is shown after clicking the print button.

Plate 4.8 shows the Billing Statement Form print preview of the Santa High School
Computerized BillingSystem.
Plate 4.8 Billing Statement - Individual
Billing Statement - Individual

The user can print the student billing record individually.
Plate 4.9 shows the Print Preview - Individual Form of the Santa High School
Computerized Billing System

Plate 4.9 Print Preview - Individual Form
Print Preview - Individual Form
In this form, a print preview is shown after clicking the print button.
BillingSystem.
Plate 4.10Add New User Account Form
Add New User Account Form

This is where the current user can create another user if needed.

BillingSystem.
Plate 4.11 Change User password Form
Change User password Form

This is where the user can change his/her username and password.

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, RECOMMEDATIONS
Summary
The development of Santa High School Computerized BillingSystem is establishing a
new technology for the agency. This system converts paper-based records into automated format
that can produce efficient and accurate outputs. The system focuses on the automation or making
an electronic copy of the paper-based records, which leads to fast search ability of important
data. As of now, it is advantageous to make use of computerized system on daily work routine in
the Santa High School because a lot of students have been going in the Treasurer’s Office and
asking information about their balances and paying fees.
The developers aimed to design, develop and deploy the Computerized Billing System.
Specifically, they sought to identify the following objectives: (1) identify the existing processes
involved in the current system; (2) to identify the features of the developed system; and (3) to
test the acceptability of the system.
The developed system has security features wherein only authorized personnel can access
the system. The treasurer and registrar are given privileged to access the system through their
username and password. The system has the capability to search the records using the desired
input. With this use of the system, it increases accessibility to the information with faster search
and retrievals, ease of use and being user friendly. The system also has the capability to generate
print-outs.
Conclusion
Based on the findings, the developers were able to identify the existing billing process of
Santa High School Incorporated. This procedure has been giving difficulties to the users due to
the lack of security, organizing and managing and tracking of records. The developers found out
that with the proposed system, those difficulties were solved. With the analysis of the system,
developers conclude that a manual process will be needed for the insertion of data’s or files into
the system.

The features of the developed system provide service with improved accessibility,
accuracy and generation of reports on relevant records. Features such as security, updating,
retrieving student records are essential features of the system that lead to the end-user to accept
the system.
Based on the evaluation results, it scored a mark of 23.58 out of 25. So, with this result,
we therefore conclude that it is highly recommended to be used in the institution.
Recommendation
After the development and testing of the developed system, the following
recommendations are presented:
1. Further research should be advised to determine keys that would further improve the
Santa High School Computerized Billing System.
2. The Santa High School Computerized Billing System should be improved in order to
avoid inefficiency and errors in making hotel related transactions.
These recommendations are necessary for the improvement of Santa High School
Computerized Billing System.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bibliography
I. Online References
https://www.useoftechnology.com/what-is-technology/
https://sites.google.com/site/alirizabasiccomputer/home/how-the-development-of-computer-
system-influence-our-life-how-far-the-computer-changes-people-the-way-they-learn-work-play-
and-communicate-each-other-to-what-extent-the-computer-have-positives-or-negatives-impact-1
https://www.writemypapers.org/examples-and-samples/research-paper-computer.html
http://www.academia.edu/4690737/The_influence_of_computers_in_our_lives
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_application_development
https://www.slideshare.net/rapidbilling/manual-billing-vs-billing-software
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-7-disadvantages-manual-system-richard-breitmeyer
http://www.accountsman.com/manual-accounting-systems.html
http://www.cpapracticeadvisor.com/collection/11189107/time-billing-systems-essential-even-
for-value-model-firms
https://www.reference.com/technology/advantages-computerized-system-2ddefdcbd9e82a81
http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-using-computerized-patient-billing-
system-70240.html
https://www.techwalla.com/articles/advantages-disadvantages-of-computerized-systems

II. Published Books
Anderson, K. (2015). 7 Benefits of an Efficient Billing System.

Anjana, A. A. (n.d.). Billing system. International school of informatics and management. Jaipur.
Burback, R. L. (1998). Software Engineering Methodology:.
Burkhardt, M. E. (1994). Social interaction effects following a technological change: A
longitudinal investigation. Academy of Management Journal, . 37(4), 869-898.
Davis, F. (1993). User Acceptance of information technology: System characteristics user
perceptions and behavioral impacts. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies. . 38,
475- 487.
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance. MIS
Quarterly. 13 (3), 319-340.
Derbyshire, L. (2011). Importance Of Billing System For A Company.
Derbyshire, L. (2011). Importance Of Billing System For A Company.
Dillon, A. a. (1996). User acceptance of information technology: theories and models. In: M.
Williams (ed.), Annual Review of Information Science and Technology. Vol. 31,
(Medford, NJ: Information Today).
Egger, F. N. (2003). From interactions to transactions: designing the trust experience for
business-to-consumer electronic commerce. PhD Thesis. The Netherlands: Eindhoven
University of Technology. .
Gary Hadler B.Ec, D. M. (n.d.). The Advantages of Using Computerised Accounting Software.
Guttmann, R. (2003). Cybercash: the coming era of electronic money. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Kalakota, R. &. (1997). Electronic commerce: a manager's guide. Addison Wesley.
Rice, R. a. (1991). Attitudes toward New Organizational Technology: Network Proximity as a
Mechanism for Social Information Processing. Administrative Science Quarterly. 36(2).
219-244.
Salancik, G. R. (1978). A social information processing approach to job attitudes and task
design. Administrative Science Quarterly. 23, 224-252.
Smith, L. M. (1991). Computerized billing for time improves client communications and firm
profitability. (Management of an Accounting Practice).

APPENDICES

Appendix A
Request Letter

Appendix B
Sample Form
B.1 Enrollment Form

Appendix B
Sample Form
B.2 School Official Receipt

Appendix C
Ledger Book

Appendix D
Entity Relationship Diagram
TblStudentInfo TblSchoolYear
ID stud_id
Fname school_yr
Lname Section
Mname IDNumber
Gender
BirthDate
Address
TblBills
IDNumber
ID
Section
student_id
school_yr
payment_id
balance
mode
school_yr
TblPayment
ID
code
amount
TblUser TblManageSetting
ID ID
Fname position
Lname username
Mname password
Address userID

Appendix E
Database Schema
TblBills
Field Name Field Type Field Size
student_id Number 5
payment_id Number 5
Balance Short Text 9
Mode Short Text 3
school_yr Short Text 11
Receipt Short Text 15
create_at Date/Time 10
TblManageSetting
Position Short Text 15
Username Short Text 25
Password Short Text 25
userID Number 2
TblPayment
Code Short Text 25
Amount Short Text 25
TblSchoolYear
school_yr Short Text 11
Section Short Text 15
IDNumber Short Text 15
TblSchoolYear
Fname Short Text 35
Lname Short Text 35
Mname Short Text 35
Gender Short Text 6

BirthDate Date/Time 10
Address Short Text 50
school_yr Date/Time 9
TblUser
Fname Short Text 35
Lname Short Text 35
Mname Short Text 35
TempPrintReportLedgerList
FName Short Text 35
LName Short Text 35
MName Short Text 35
Gender Short Text 6
Mode Short Text 3
Status Short Text 6
Balance Short Text 9

Appendix F
Evaluation Sheet
Santa High School Computerized Billing System
Instructions: After operating the capabilities of the system, evaluate the system features of the
proposed system by placing mark on the spaces provided below.
Complete the evaluation sheet using this rating scale:

5 – Excellent 4 – Very Good 3 – Good 2 – Fair 1 – Needs Improvement
I. Reliability 5 4 3 2 1
a. The system performs the right procedure.
b. It produces accurate result
c. The system is meeting the right and expected requirement.
d. It prevents failure or improper procedure.
e. The system properly validates entries.
f. The system is protected against unauthorized use through
password.
Sub Total
II. User - Friendliness 5 4 3 2 1

a. The system incorporates system features that are easy to
understand and use.
b. Data entry effort is manageable.
c. The system adapts to increasing user familiarity with the
system.
d. It generally functions in a matter that seems natural to use.
e. Anyone can figure out how to use the system even without a
user’s manual.
Sub Total
III. Usefulness 5 4 3 2 1
a. The system achieved greater speed in processing data.
b. The system gives greater accuracy and improved consistency.
c. It has fast information retrieval.

d. It provides good data security.
e. The system output the reports that are useful and meet user
needs.
f. The system met the expectation of the user in terms of output.
Sub Total
IV. Completeness 5 4 3 2 1
a. The system can process the required and needed reports.
b. Navigation icons are used consistently.
Sub Total
V. Aesthetic Effect 5 4 3 2 1
a. Program’s interface is attractive and appropriate.
b. Navigational icons are used consistently.
c. The contrast between text and background materials makes the
text legible.
d. Graphics elements illustrate or clarify information presented in
text.
e. The system is of high design quality.
f. The reports produced by the system are well organized,
attractive and systematic.
Sub Total
Total
Comments:
Thank you very much!
Signature over Printed Name of Evaluator and Position


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CHAPTER I

Background of the Study

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 1|Page

History of Santa High School Inc.

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 2|Page

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 3|Page

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 4|Page

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 5|Page

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 6|Page

Features of the Coding

Significance of the Study

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 7|Page

Scope and Limitations

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 8|Page

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 9|Page

Existing Process of Billing System

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 10 | P a g e

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 11 | P a g e

Features of the Proposed System

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 12 | P a g e

Acceptability of the System

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 13 | P a g e

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 14 | P a g e

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 15 | P a g e

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 16 | P a g e

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 17 | P a g e

Instrumentation and Data Collection

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 18 | P a g e

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 19 | P a g e

The Existing Process

Existing Student Information Gathering Process

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 20 | P a g e

The student fill-up the enrollment form

The student informationis The student will fill-up

Figure 4.1 Existing Student Information Gathering Process

Existing Process in Collecting and Recording of Student Payments

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 21 | P a g e

The registrar pass the record provided

The student informationwill The treasurer will return the

Figure 4.2 Existing Process in Collecting and Recording of Student Payments

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 22 | P a g e

Features of the System

Plate 4.1 Login Form

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 23 | P a g e

Plate 4.2 Home Form

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 24 | P a g e

Student Information Form

Plate 4.4 Edit Student Record Form

Edit Student Record Form

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 25 | P a g e

Plate 4.5Billing Statement Form

Billing Statement Form

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 26 | P a g e

Plate 4.7 Print Preview – Master list

Print Preview – Master list

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 27 | P a g e

Plate 4.8 Billing Statement - Individual

Billing Statement - Individual

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 28 | P a g e

Plate 4.10Add New User Account Form

Add New User Account Form

Santa High School Computerized Billing System 29 | P a g e

Plate 4.11 Change User password Form