Sensors for Safety and Requirement

Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company, project and user community
that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for
building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control both physically
and digitally. Its products are licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)
or the GNU General Public License (GPL), permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and
software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially in
preassembled form or as do-it-yourself (DIY) kits.
Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are
equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to
various expansion boards or breadboards (shields) and other circuits. The boards feature
serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models,
which are also used for loading programs from personal computers. The microcontrollers
are typically programmed using a dialect of features from the programming
languages C and C++. In addition to using traditional compiler tool chains, the Arduino
project provides an integrated development environment (IDE) based on
the Processing language project.
The Arduino project started in 2003 as a program for students at the Interaction Design
Institute Ivrea in Ivrea, Italy,[2] aiming to provide a low-cost and easy way for novices and
professionals to create devices that interact with their environment
using sensors and actuators. Common examples of such devices intended for beginner
hobbyists include simple robots, thermostats and motion detectors.
MQ2 Sensor is a gas module and it is suitable to detect Hydrogen, LPG, Smoke, CO, and
Alcohol. It has high sensitivity and fast response time to measure and take the data.
Sensitivity can be adjusted by potentiometer behind it

When we develop critical systems like Gas Leakage Detector or similar systems like Fire
Alarm System, we need to monitor the sensor parameters continuously (24×7). So our
system must monitor “gas leak” continuously. This is achieved by scanning the sensor
output (digital out of MQ5) continuously inside the subroutine.

Gas Leakage Detector using Arduino and GSM Module with SMS Alert and Sound
Alarm
 Introduction

How does it Work?

The voltage that the sensor outputs changes accordingly to the smoke/gas level that exists
in the atmosphere. The sensor outputs a voltage that is proportional to the concentration of
smoke/gas.

In other words, the relationship between voltage and gas concentration is the following:

• The greater the gas concentration, the greater the output voltage

• The lower the gas concentration, the lower the output voltage
 Software & Hardware Requirement

 Detect Gas Leakage (like LPG leak, Butane leak, Methane leak) or any such petroleum based
gaseous substance that can be detected using MQ5 Sensor.

 Setup an SMS based Alert Mechanism and send 3 SMS (3 alert messages) to 2 specified
mobile numbers (input inside the arduino program) GSM circuit.

 Produce a sound alarm upon gas leak and stop the alarm once gas leak is under control (gas
presence in atmosphere is under normal range)

 Display status in an LCD using a 16×2 LCD module.

 Software Arduino IDE, The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-
platform application (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in the programming
language Java. It originated from the IDE for the languages Processing and Wiring. It
includes a code editor with features such as text cutting and pasting, searching and
replacing text, automatic indenting, brace matching, and syntax highlighting, and provides
simple one-click mechanisms to compile and upload programs to an Arduino board.

 Hardware

1. GSM
2. MQ5
3. Arduino uno
4. LCD
5. Male jumper wires
6. Breadboard
7. Register

 Software

1. Arduino IDE
2. Code in java, C, & C++
 Gantt Chart

Made with the help of excel sheet.

Feasible Study

A gas sensor is a device which detects the presence of gas in an area. This sensor interacts
with a gas to measure its concentration. Each gas has a unique breakdown voltage i.e. the
electric field at which it is ionized. Sensor identifies gases by measuring these voltages. The
concentration of the gas can be determined by measuring the current discharge in the
device. The MQ5 gas sensor detects the presence of various gases such as hydrogen, carbon
monoxide, methane and LPG ranging from 100ppm to 3,000ppm. For more details, visit
the datasheet.

When a gas interacts with this sensor, it is first ionized into its constituents and is then
adsorbed by the sensing element. This adsorption creates a potential difference on the
element which is conveyed to the processor unit through output pins in form of current.The
gas sensor module consists of a steel exoskeleton under which a sensing element is housed.
This sensing element is subjected to current through connecting leads. This current is known
as heating current through it, the gases coming close to the sensing element get ionized and
are absorbed by the sensing element. This changes the resistance of the sensing element
which alters the value of the current going out of it.
Design of input and output