Smart

Automation
to Smart
Manufacturing
 Smart
Automation
to Smart
Manufacturing
Industrial Internet of Things

Uthayan Elangovan

MOMENTUM PRESS, LLC, NEW YORK

Smart Automation to Smart Manufacturing: Industrial Internet of Things

Copyright © Momentum Press®, LLC, 2019.

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To my parents who taught me the qualities of self-control as well as
­honors of education and learning.
 Abstract

The advent of modern technology and fourth Industrial revolution, partic-

ularly the industrial Internet of things, has brought enormous changes to
the manufacturing industry. This book is about the growth of smart ­factory.
We live in a smart, connected world. The number of things c­ onnected to the
Internet currently surpasses the number of people in the world, and we’re
accelerating to numerous linked gadgets by the end of the decade. For
manufacturers, the implications of this emerging “­ Internet of Things” are
huge. Manufacturers must begin to transform existing ­business ­processes
and fundamentally rethink how they create, operate, and service smart
connected products in the era of Industry 4.0.
The book is virtually a one volume encyclopedia on industrial ­Internet
of things, the author explain its evolution, M2M data communication, real
time business application and business use case as well touch base the
technology prerequisite along with high level overview of implementing
IIoT to achieve smart manufacturing focus on improving existing pro-
cesses to increase efficiencies, and concludes with a view on careers in
industrial automation.

KeyWords

Industry 4.0; Industrial Internet of Things; Internet of Things; SMART

Manufacturing; SMART Automation; Process Automation; Process Effi-
ciency; Predictive Analytics; Machine-to-Machine (M2M); Industrial
Revolution
 Contents

List of Figures xiii

List of Tables xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xix
1 Industrial Revolution 1
1.1  Industry 1.0 3
1.2  Industry 2.0 4
1.3  Industry 3.0 6
1.4  Industry 4.0 7
1.5 Outcomes of the Industrial Revolution 8
1.6 Summary 9
2 Industry 4.0 11
2.1  Industry 4.0 11
2.2  Additive Manufacturing 12
2.3  Possible Use Case of 3D Printing 13
2.4  Simulation and Digital Twin 13
2.5  Augmented Reality 14
2.6  Autonomous Robots 15
2.7 Blockchain 15
2.8  Big Data 15
2.9  Cloud Computing 16
2.10 Summary 16
3 Machine2Machine (M2M) 19
3.1  M2M Working Business Scenario 20
3.2  POS Use Case 21
3.3  Business Challenge 22
3.4  M2M in Aviation 23
3.5  M2M Versus IoT 24
3.6  M2M Enhances IIoT and IoT 25
x  •   Contents

4 Internet of Things (IoT)/Industrial Internet

of Things (IIoT) 27
4.1  Evolution of Internet 27
4.2  Internet of Boffins 27
4.3  Internet of Geeks 28
4.4  Internet of Masses 28
4.5  Mobile Internet 28
4.6  Internet of Things 29
4.7  Some Definitions of IoT 30
4.8  Why IoT 30
4.9  SMART Light Control in Home Using IoT 31
4.10 SMART Soilless Farming in Home
Using IoT 32
4.11  Industrial Internet of Things 35
4.12 SMART Light and Temperature Control in Industrial
­Buildings Using IoT 35
4.13  IoT Versus IIoT 37
4.14  Challenges of IoT 37
4.15  Benefits of IoT 38
4.16 Summary 39
5 Things in IoT 41
5.1 Things 41
5.2  Find a Stolen SMART Phone 44
5.3 Summary 45
6 Major Components of IIoT—HW/SW/Communication 47
6.1  Components of IIoT 47
6.2 Hardware 47
6.3  Standard Tools 48
6.4  Software Application 49
6.5  Communication Technology 50
6.6  Processing Unit 51
6.7 Cloud 52
6.8  IIoT Platforms 52
6.9 Summary 53
7 IIoT Strategy and Implementation 55
7.1  IIoT Strategy Planning 55
7.2  IIoT Implementation Methodology 58
7.3  Challenges in Adopting IIoT 58
7.4  Managing Data 59
7.5 Factors Need To Be Invested Primarily to Implement IIoT 60
 Contents   •   xi

7.6  Layers of IIoT Architecture 60

7.7  Choosing the Correct IIoT Platform 62
7.8  Return on Investment 64
7.9 Summary 64
8 Process Automation and Lean IIoT 65
8.1  Process Automation 65
8.2 Process Automation Importance in Manufacturing
Industry66
8.3  Robotic Process Automation 67
8.4 Simple Use Case of a Process Automation 67
8.5 Simple Process Automation in Shop Floor 70
8.6  Lean IIoT 71
8.7 How Lean Is Value Added to Business via IIoT 74
8.8 Summary 75
9 IIoT Business Use Case 77
9.1 Overview 77
9.2 SMART Asset Tracking and Monitoring in Transportation 78
9.3  Process Flow of e-Bicycle 78
9.4 IIoT for SMART Tool Management in the FMS 81
9.5 IIoT for Smart Manufacturing and Increased Overall
­Efficiency 83
9.6 SMART Inventory Control for Raw Materials 87
10 Career Path in IIoT/IoT 89
Bibliography 93
About the Author 95
Index 97
 List of Figures

Figure 1.1.  Industrial Revolution 1.0. 4

Figure 1.2.  Industrial Revolution 2.0. 5
Figure 1.3.  Industrial Revolution 3.0. 6
Figure 1.4.  Industrial Revolution 4.0. 8
Figure 3.1.  POS use case. 22
Figure 3.2.  ATM use case. 23
Figure 3.3.  M2M flow using POS and ATM. 24
Figure 4.1.  Simple home automation use case. 32
Figure 4.2.  Simple soilless farming use case. 33
Figure 4.3.  Simple office automation use case. 36
Figure 5.1.  Things in a mobile. 43
Figure 5.2.  Thing-to-thing use case. 45
Figure 6.1.  Components of IIoT. 48
Figure 7.1.  X-matrix. 57
Figure 7.2.  Layers of IIoT architecture. 61
Figure 7.3.  End-to-end IIoT architecture. 63
Figure 7.4.  IIoT platform. 63
Figure 8.1.  Change process automation. 68
Figure 8.2.  Workflow automation. 69
Figure 8.3.  Automated assignment of MPI. 70
Figure 9.1.  Business process flow of a connected bicycle. 79
Figure 9.2.  SMART asset tracking and monitoring in transportation. 80
Figure 9.3.  SMT line process flow. 84
Figure 9.4.  SMART automation to SMART manufacturing. 85
Figure 9.5.  Tire manufacturing process flow. 87
 List of Tables

Table 1.1.  Industry 1.0 3

Table 1.2.  Industry 2.0 5
Table 2.1.  Industry 4.0 Ideology 11
Table 2.2.  Industry 4.0 12
Table 4.1.  Stages of Internet 27
Table 4.2.  Soilless farming parameters and analytics 34
Table 5.1.  Things 42
Table 10.1.  Technology career path mapping 90
 Preface

This book is meant to provide a thorough summary of the essential topics

of Industrial Internet of Things along with Industry 4.0. This book is essen-
tially a small encyclopedia on SMART Manufacturing. This ­publication
has actually been created primarily focusing on academic community at
the graduate, undergraduate levels, consulting professionals who want to
drive their career in Industry 4.0, and senior executives who want to start
the journey of SMART automation in their business. It has been compiled
so as to accomplish the minimum demands of implementing the IIoT pro-
gram at different business segments. I was involved as business analyst
in the implementation of SMART-connected factory in my profession.
Being a Product Lifecycle Management consultant, I have also defined
just how different companies utilize IIoT for SMART production and also
increase general efficiency. I have as well showcased the various profes-
sional developments in the Industrial Internet of Things together with the
integration of digital innovation right into all locations of a company, basi-
cally changing exactly how you run and also provide worth to consumers.
My target market will ultimately find this publication a useful reference to
begin acquiring knowledge of SMART-connected factory.
Work experience is an extremely useful opportunity; it offers me the
chance to check out the world of operations in a manner which would
not have been accessible at this age. I have gained many learning oppor-
tunities inherent in work experience. My entire professional experience
opened my eyes to various other possibilities; the result of those is this
incredible book.
I wish you enjoy your reading.
 Acknowledgments

I would like to express my gratefulness to the several individuals who

saw me via this book, to all those that offered assistance, talked things
over. Wayne Humg is a professor and his designation is collection editor.
Joel Stein, my p­ ublisher; as well as The Momentum Press—without you,
this book would certainly never ever uncover its method to the Web as
well as to a lot of individuals throughout this global village.
I would like to thank Nigel Wyatt (Magentanetwork, UK), for reveal-
ing the course to authoring this book.
I would like to express my love as well as gratefulness to my parents,
my wife, my son, my good friends, associates in the business, as well as all
my well-wishers, without whom this book would not have actually come
into presence.
 CHAPTER 1

Industrial Revolution

The Large Industrial Innovations in the background of human life, known

as the Industrial Change, changed human life significantly. A more reliable
means of production as well as subsequently greater levels of production
set off far-ranging adjustments to industrialized societies. Four phases of
Industrial Development made a massive effect in all areas. Transforma-
tion started from the Stone Age, when two rocks utilized for lit shooting
mounted energy, or, simply put for lots of development in the human age,
which shaped the base for creating vapor electric motor. In that, individu-
als made a substantial development/transformation in each area: architec-
ture, water supply, researches, infrastructure, medicines, automobiles, and
so on. There was a consistent advancement all over the globe.
A vital innovation most typically spoken about is architectural devel-
opment. Indian design is as old as the historic background of develop-
ment. The earliest remains of unmistakable structural activity in India
belong to the Indus Valley metropolitan areas. The particular design style
of sanctuary development in various components was a consequence
of topographical, climatic, ethnic, racial, recorded, as well as phonetic
diverse selections. The rock-cut frameworks provide one of the most
superb examples of old Indian craftsmanship. From 200 BCE to 650 AD,
the Buddhist priests proceeded having the well-organized Kanheri Caves
established inside the timberlands of the “Sanjay Gandhi National Park”
in Maharashtra, India, which were discovered out of a big basaltic shake
protrusion in the middle of the initial and second centuries B.C., as also
the most punctual Ajanta caves during the 2 BCE. The Dravidian refuge
layout established in south India overwhelmingly consists of refuges func-
tioned of sandstone, soapstone, or stone. The well-known Brihadeswara
temple in Thanjavur of Tamil Nadu exhibits this style. Surrender sanctu-
ary design was established by the Badami Dynasty on the financial insti-
tutions of Malaprabha River in Karnataka during 500 as well as 757 BCE.
The Badami Cave havens built by the community of Badami in northern
2  •   Smart Automation to Smart Manufacturing

Karnataka in the 6th century is just one of the most effective designs of
this engineering include boosting columns, finely etched roofing system
boards, and sculptures. The basis for all transformation is advancement.
Need is the necessity of all development that causes transformation. The
technologies in industry result in Industrial Transformation.
The word Industrialization originated from the Latin Industria, which
simply suggests the stable application to organization of labor. English
language still makes use of the word laborious in the sense of tough
working. In French, the meaning has been calmly altered with the term
Industrie describing all operations whereby resources are refined and
products are produced. In German, Industrie is used for handling wide-
spread, use of equipment and also modem approaches of functioning.
By all these references, automation indicates a development in e­ conomic
history, whereby a man’s tasks were routed on brand-new courses and
his performance increased by leaps and bounds. This growth is called
by historians as the commercial change, which very first occurred in
­specific European countries during the later part of the 18th century. The
modem culture was an end result of the commercial change in England
throughout the late 18th and also early 19th centuries. The synonymous
terms “sector” and “producing” are utilized very frequently to signify
economic activity. These two terms are expressed in a different way by
various geographers. Some interpretations are clarified below. Accord-
ing to New Standard Encyclopedia, the term industry in its wide sense
means all effective ventures of a country or area. There are such words
as production, farming, trade and business, transport, communication,
mining, lumbering, angling, building, and construction, and they are also
called as markets. The Industrial Revolution was an essential change in
the way items were generated, from human labor to equipment. A lot
more efficient means of manufacturing and also succeedingly greater
degrees of production triggered significant changes to industrialized cul-
tures. Machines were developed that replaced human labor. New energy
resources were established to power the new machinery—water, steam,
electrical energy, oil (gas, kerosene).
Inventors put advances in atomic, solar, and wind power at the later
stages of the Industrial Change. There was enhanced use of minerals and
also metals—lightweight aluminum, coal, copper, iron, and so on. Trans-
portation improved, with steam-powered central heating boilers, trains,
and cars. Interaction was enhanced—telegraph, telephone, and also radio.
An example of this Industrial Change is the personal computer or cellu-
lar phone. Cell phones were originally utilized by experts who needed
quick interactions for service. The everyday efficiency of cell phones was
 Industrial Revolution   •  3

rapidly noticeable, boosting demand. Mobile phone towers were con-

structed around the world, and mobile phone technology remains growing
with even more facility. Have pupils contrast the initial block-sized cell
phone with the Apple iPhone.
Industrial Revolution is further classified based on the time and tech-
nological improvement as

• Industry 1.0
• Industry 2.0
• Industry 3.0
• Industry 4.0

1.1 Industry 1.0

The Industry 1.0 occurred between 1750 and 1870. It happened in

England, the United States, Belgium, as well as France. Industry 1.0 saw
basic adjustments in farming, the development of factories, and rural-to-
urban movement (Table 1.1).
With the development of the spinning jenny and also the power ­linger,
the manufacturing companies were growing. Garments were made much
quicker than at any other time. The power linger made use of water-­
powered capability to weave product. A huge section of the action was
performed in the day time. The product business, especially, was changed
by automation, as was transportation. Gas sources such as steam and coal
made transportation more functional, and assembling of products with
devices also spread quickly (Figure 1.1).
The first farming change took place around 10,000–12,000 years
ago. Amidst this revolution, strolling chasing and also assembling took

Table 1.1.  Industry 1.0

Invention Need Revolution
Spinning machine Need to speed up Power loom created
weaving
Power loom Increased demand for Cotton gin created
raw cotton
Cotton gin Demands for stronger Improvements in
iron iron smelting and the
­development of steel
4  •   Smart Automation to Smart Manufacturing

Steam engine
Industry 1.0
Farmers,
household,
Spinning machine Benefits manufacturers

Fundamental
adjustmentsin farming,
Power loom growth of factories,
rural-to-urban
migration

Innovation
Cotton grid

Farming

Change the world

in 1800s

Figure 1.1.  Industrial Revolution 1.0.

place. This kind of gardening started in the Fertile Crescent. Asia is

claimed to be the key area where plant cultivation happened. In South-
west Eastern ambience, grain yields for grains such as wheat were fre-
quently developed. Along with plant cultivation, livestock taming also
occurred at this time. Livestock provided meat, and the skin was utilized
to stitch crude clothes. People extended the land by making use of the
piece as well as take in method. Take in and slice is the cleaning as well
as consuming of timberland with the end objective to make land available
for planting crops.

1.2 Industry 2.0

Industry 2.0 took place between 1870 and 1960. It saw the spread of
the Industrial Change to locations such as Germany, Japan, and ­Russia.
Electricity became the key resource of power for farms, houses, and
also manufacturing facilities. There was mass production, specifically of
­durable goods. Use of electrical power saw electric lights, radios, fans,
and television.
Steel supplanted Iron. Light weight machine and transport building
were the considerable enhancement in industry. Steel became important
in Industry 2.0 which led to lower manufacturing price. Power or elec-
trical energy is the massive distinct benefit in Industry 2.0. Hydroelec-
tric nuclear power plant, homes, and handling plants are linked by grid.
 Industrial Revolution   •  5

Making of controlled blast none various other the Interior Combustion

electric motors, Oil as well as Gas transform the Transport Sector, routed
through Aircraft (Table 1.2).
Production ended up being much more efficient with production of
specific as well as standard devices and robotics. Innovation of electricity
made production activity around the clock.
Urbanization brought about the surge of the solution economic sit-
uation. Farming transformed once more with automation, chemical fer-
tilizers, chemicals, and also commercial farming. Industry 2.0 brought
innovation and also unprecedented top quality of life as well as populace
growth throughout the world (Figure 1.2). Industry 2.0 is called as techno-
logical change, as technological systems were used, which permitted for
even greater manufacturing and much more sophisticated devices. It had a
significant effect on the Second Farming Change. Devices were produced
that permitted farmers to produce plants quicker.

Table 1.2.  Industry 2.0

Discipline Invention
Transportation Railroads, canals
Automobiles Assembly line (Daimler, Ford)
Aerospace Airplane

Electricity
Industry 2.0
Household,
manufacturers,
Benefits business
Mass production

Electrical power—main
source of power for
Aeroplane, rail roads residences,
manufacturing
facilities, and farms
Mass manufacturing,
particularly of
Telegraph, consumer goods
television, radio Use of electrical power
saw electronics get in
Innovation

the marketplace

Electric lights

Shape of the world

in 1900s

Figure 1.2.  Industrial Revolution 2.0.

6  •   Smart Automation to Smart Manufacturing

1.3 Industry 3.0

Industry 3.0 started gaining toughness and began in the 21st century.
Internet and billions of affiliated as well as functional devices are rap-
idly reconsidering communication. Use of hardware (semiconductors) and
info technology (mainframe computing, personal devices, and also web)
is promoting activity in independent generation. Another transformation
is sustainable source of power for energy—photovoltaic, wind, and geo-
thermal (Figure 1.3).
From the beginning of Production, factory proprietors have tried to
increase performance and lower cost. This resulted in automating the pro-
duction line, which has become the lower line of automation. According
to Merriam Webster thesaurus, automation is specified as “Instantly regu-
lated operation of an apparatus, process or system by digital or mechanical
devices that replace human labor.”
Automation leads to better effectiveness. Humans make mistakes
and are constantly irregular, but automation almost removes mistake,
increases performance, and also permits better surveillance as well as
regulated manufacturing process. Information is produced throughout
the process and also utilized by numerous aspects along the line man-
aging the workflow. Mechanical automation appeared in the industrial
center in the 1970s. CNC machine did a critical job in the setting-up
departments for mechanizing the methods that utilize computers to

CNC Machines, Robots

Industry 3.0
All Industrial
sectors
Benefits
Semiconductors

Computer started
being involved
Mainframe computers, PC in manufacturing
as well in other sectors,
hardware industry
started booming,
personal devices like
Mobile phones pager, mobile—
communication
devices grew along
Innovation

with Internet.

Internet

Enter into the world of

digital in the 1960s

Figure 1.3.  Industrial Revolution 3.0.

 Industrial Revolution   •  7

manage machine devices. Devices that can be regulated by doing this

incorporate devices, knobs, manufacturing facilities, and processors.
Later, fast prototyping gets its relevance in new product development
made use of amid the theoretical stage. Rapid prototyping is a cele-
bration of treatments made use of to quickly make a scale version of
a physical part or get together making use of three-dimensional com-
puter supported synopsis details. Much more electronic structures were
familiarized onto the mechanical production system that execute human
errands, that is, making use of programmable logic controllers (PLC).
Even though electronic frameworks were established, they relied on
human information and also intercession.
Green Revolution (eco-friendly) was a significant improvement in
agrarian productivity, transpiring due to the discussion of high-return vari-
eties of grains and usage of chemicals, and also boosted administration
systems. Biotechnology uses natural frameworks, living life types, or sub-
ordinates thereof, to make or alter items or treatments for certain use. With
biotechnology, the development is much more specific and cultivation has
become much less laborious without unduly injuring the planet.

1.4 Industry 4.0

Industry 4.0 refers to the fourth commercial change. After automation

(Industry 1.0), mass manufacturing (Industry 2.0), and again automation
(Industry 3.0), currently the “Internet of services and things” is coming
to be an essential component of manufacturing. It is portrayed by a range
of brand-new advancements that are integrating the physical, natural, and
digital universes, affecting all ventures, controls, and economies, notwith-
standing difficult ideas concerning being human. The world can perhaps
associate billions of people to advanced systems, drastically improve the
efficiency of associations, as well as manage sources in good manner that
can help recuperate the native environment, conceivably repairing the
injury of past mechanical unrests (Figure 1.4).
The digitalization of the assembling business is a factor of around-the-
world premium—in Germany the suggestion is referred to as “­Industrie
4.0.” New products have to be conveyed to showcase in ever-shorter time
allotments. Clients demand things that satisfy their certain needs. Quickly
transforming markets call for a developing level of adaptability. What’s
more, the consistent desire for increased effectiveness indicates shorter
improvement time and skilled use of possessions and vigor—all without
any loss of value—and even high quality, from time to time.
8  •   Smart Automation to Smart Manufacturing

Internet of things

Industry 4.0 All industrial

sectors,
Benefits household.
Additive manufacturing

Augmented reality, SMART Factory,

autonomous robots SMART city, SMART
home, SMART
farming, SMART
wearable, connected
Cloud computing, world
artificial intelligence

Innovation

Big data

Connected world-
today

Figure 1.4.  Industrial Revolution 4.0.

1.5 Outcomes of the Industrial

Revolution

Extension of world exchange manufacturing facility framework and

also mass development of merchandise. Modern complimentary busi-
ness broadened the way of life. Decrease of landed nobility development
and also expansion of popular government develop federal government
inclusion in the public eye. Expanded intensity of industrialized nations,
nationalism as well as preeminence animated increase to intensity of pro-
fessionals. Innovation and development of city locations enhanced the sta-
tus and also strength of individuals. There was a huge impact on scientific
research and development, computer simulation in product development,
as well as other areas. Each new phase stands for a change in the man-
ufacturing procedure that has actually transformed the means we think
of as well as the function in the industry. Generally, the development of
industrial transformation can confirm to be the complete understanding as
man-made intelligence enhances and also factory robotics assume more
human-like capacities, the communication between computers, robotics,
as well as human workers will inevitably come to be extra significant and
also mutually informing.
 Industrial Revolution   •  9

1.6 Summary

• The first industrial change began around 1780s through the intro-
duction of mechanical production centers with the aid of water as
well as steam power.
• The second industrial revolution happened three decades later,
when the very first electrical energy powered assembly line was
constructed in 1870. The period of automation actually began then.
• The third industrial revolution began in the late 1960s when the
very first PLC, Modicon 084, was developed. It made possible the
manufacturing automation by making use of digital and IT systems.
• Industrial Revolution 4.0 is taking place today by the use of
cyber-physical systems. It implies that physical systems such as
makers and robotics will certainly be controlled by automation sys-
tems equipped with artificial intelligence formulas. Very little input
from human drivers will be needed.
 Index

A Decision layer, 61
Accelerometer thing, 43 Device assimilation, 49–50
Additive manufacturing (AM), Digital compass thing, 43
12–13 Digital twin, 13–14
AM. See Additive manufacturing Display thing, 41
Ambient light sensor thing, 43–44
AR. See Augmented reality E
Augmented reality (AR), 14 e-Bicycle, process flow of, 78–81
Autonomous robots, 15
Aviation, M2M, 23–24 F
Fingerprint sensor thing, 44
B Flexible manufacturing system
Barcode/QR code sensors thing, (FMS), 81
44 FMS. See Flexible manufacturing
Battery thing, 41 system
Big data, 15–16
Blockchain, 15 G
Global positioning system (GPS)
C thing, 43
Camera thing, 43 Gyroscope thing, 43
Career path, 89–91
Cloud computing, 16 H
Cloud services, 52 Hardware, IIOT, 47–48
Communication technology, 50–51
Connectivity layer, 60 I
Control layer, 61 IIOT. See Industrial Internet of
CPS. See Cyber-physical system Things (IIoT)
Cyber-physical system (CPS), 11 Industrial Change, 1, 2
Industrial Internet of Things
D (IIOT)
Data acquisition layer, 60–61 career path, 89–91
Data algorithm layer, 61 challenges in adopting, 58–59
Data storage layer, 61 cloud services, 52
98  •   Index
communication technology,
50–51
components of, 47
data management, 59
description of, 35
enhancing, 25
factors for implementation, 60
hardware, 47–48
implementation methodology, 58
vs. IOT, 37
layers of architecture, 60–62
lean, 71–73
platforms, 52–53, 62–63
processing unit, 51–52
return on investment, 64
software application, 49–50
standard tools, 48–49
strategy planning, 55–58
Industrial Internet of Things
(IIOT) business use case
overview of, 77–78
process flow of e-Bicycle, 78–81
SMART asset tracking and
monitoring, 78
SMART inventory control for
raw materials, 87–88
SMART manufacturing and
increased overall efficiency,
83–86
SMART tool management,
81–83
Industrial Revolution
classification of, 3–8
history and overview of, 1–3
outcomes of, 8
Industry 1.0, 3–4
Industry 2.0, 4–5
Industry 3.0, 6–7
Industry 4.0
3D printing, 13
additive manufacturing, 12–13
augmented reality, 14
autonomous robots, 15
Big data, 15–16
blockchain, 15
cloud computing, 16
definition of, 11
description of, 7
ideology of, 11
overview of, 11–12
simulation and digital twin,
13–14
Information collection, 49
Internet
evolution of, 27
mobile, 28–29
Internet of boffins, 27–28
Internet of geeks, 28
Internet of masses, 28
Internet of Things (IOT)
benefits of, 38–39
career path, 89–91
challenges of, 37–38
definitions of, 30
description of, 29–30
enhancing, 25
vs. IIOT, 37
vs. machine-to-machine, 24
reasons for, 30–31
smart light and temperature
control, 35–37
smart light control in home,
31–32
smart soilless farming in home,
32–35
things in, 41–45
IOT. See Internet of Things
L
Lean IIOT
overview of, 71–73
value added to business, 74–75
Low-energy wireless, 50–51
LTE-A, 51
M
Machine-to-machine (M2M)
advantages of, 20

in aviation, 23–24
business challenge, 22–23
enhancing IIOT and IOT, 25
vs. IOT, 24
overview of, 19
point-of-sale use case, 21–22
working business scenario,
20–21
Manufacturing execution layer,
62
Memory and storage thing, 42
Mobile Internet, 28–29
Modems thing, 43
O SMART manufacturing and
Operation layer, 61–62
P SMART tool management, 81–83
Physical device layer, 60
Point-of-sale (POS) use case,
21–22
Process automation
definition of, 65
description of, 65–66
in manufacturing industry,
66–67
robotic, 67
in shop floor, 70
simple, 70
simple use case, 67–70
Process flow of e-Bicycle, 78–81
Processing unit, 51–52
Proximity sensor thing, 44
R Touchscreen sensor thing, 44
Radio protocols, 51
Real-time analysis, 50
Return on investment (ROI), 64
Index   •   99
Robotic process automation
(RPA), 67
ROI. See Return on investment
S
Sensing units, 48
Sensor thing, 43
Service layer, 62
Simple process automation, 70
Simulation, 13–14
SMART asset tracking and
monitoring, 78
SMART inventory control for raw
materials, 87–88
increased overall efficiency,
83–86
Software application
device assimilation, 49–50
information collection, 49
real-time analysis, 50
Sound sensor thing, 44
Standard tools, IIOT, 48–49
Stolen SMART phones, 44–45
System-on-a-Chip (SoC) thing,
42
T
Technology career path mapping,
90
Telemetry, 51
Thing-to-thing use case, 44–45
3D printing, 13
W
WiFi-Direct, 51