REINFOERCED CONCRETE

STRUCTURES II (Ceng 3112)

Lecture II

By: Chimdi G.(M.Sc in Structural. Eng.g)

1
 Chapter Two
Analysis & Design of Flat Slab

By: Chimdi G.(M.Sc in Structural. Eng.g) 2

 1.Introduction
Types of slab:
One way Slab Two way slab

Ribbed slab Waffle Type

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 Introduction,…,Cont’d
What is Flat slab ?
 Slab supported directly by concrete columns without
the use of beams.
 Thickness is less than thickness of one way slab but
greater than that of two way slab
To increase the shear strength of the slab around the
column supports
 The slab thickness in the area of the column may be
thickened as a drop panel
 The column may also be flared to form a column head
or capital.

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Introduction,…,Cont’d

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Introduction,…,Cont’d

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 Introduction,…,Cont’d
Flat slabs with drop panel and column head are suitable for
spans up to 9 m and LL > 5.0 KN/m2
Advantage of flat slab
 Simplified form work
 Reduced story height
 No obstruction of light & circulation of air due to beams.
 Shorter construction time
Dis-advantage of flat slab
 Reinforcement arrangement is complex

By: Chimdi G.(M.Sc in Structural. Eng.g) 7

 Introduction,…,Cont’d
Effective diameter of a column on a column head (hc) is
defined as the diameter of a circle whose area equals
the cross-sectional area of the column:

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 Introduction,…,Cont’d

Statical moment Mo:

Sum of positive and average negative moments
wL2 2h
Mo  [ L1  c ]2
8 3
Where, w - Design load (gd+qd)
L1 - length of slab b/n centers of columns.
L2 – width of slab b/n centers of columns.
hc – effective diameter of column or column head.
hc < Lx/4 , where Lx - shorter span of slab
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 Method of analysis:
1) Finite element analysis( by SAFE, ADAPT, etc.)
2) Simplified direct method
3) Equivalent frame method
1.Simplified direct method
The panel in flat slab is divided into column strip and middle strip
as shown below.

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Simplified direct Method

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 Simplified direct Method,…,Cont’d
A column strip
Serves the purpose of a beam spanning between columns
and deflects as continuous beam
 Width on each side of a column centerline=0.25Lx
 If drops with dimensions not less than LX/3 are
used, a width equal to the drop dimension
Middle strip
 Strip bounded by two column strips
Drop panels :rectangular, square or circular
 The smaller dimension of the drop is LX/3
 The drop may be 25 to 50% more thicker than
the rest of the slab i.e. (td =1.25 ts to 1.5 ts )
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 Simplified direct Method,…,Cont’d
Limitations:
 Design is based on the single load case of all spans loaded with
the maximum design ultimate load.
 There are at least three rows of panels of approximately equal
span in the direction being considered.
 Successive span length in each direction shall not differ by more
than one-third of the longer span.
 Maximum offsets of columns from either axis between center
lines of successive columns shall not exceed 10% of the span (in
the direction of the offset).
 Panels should be rectangular and the ratio of the longer span to
shorter span should not be greater than 2.0
 The design live load should not exceed two times the design
dead load.

By: Chimdi G.(M.Sc in Structural. Eng.g) 13

 Simplified direct Method,…,Cont’d
Bending Moment and Shear Force Coefficients

Outer support Near First Center of Interior

Center of Interior interior support
first span support span
Column Wall

Moment -0.040FL -0.020FL 0.083FL -0.063FL 0.071FL -0.055FL

Shear 0.45F 0.40F - 0.60F - 0.50F
Total 0.040FL - - 0.022FL - 0.022FL
column
moments

By: Chimdi G.(M.Sc in Structural. Eng.g) 14

 Simplified direct Method,…,Cont’d
Division of Moments between Strips
Distribution between column and middle strip
Column strip (%) Middle strip (%)

Negative 75 25
Positive 55 45

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 Simplified direct Method,…,Cont’d
Example: Moment division

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Simplified direct Method,…,Cont’d

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Equivalent frame (Approximate) Method
 The bending moments and shear forces may be
determined by dividing the structure longitudinally and
transversely into frames consisting of column and strips
of slabs.
 The frames of slab used to define the effective
stiffness of the slab.
 For vertical loading assume full width of panel between
columns for frame analysis.
 For lateral loading, as a frame of half width of panel
 Loading Ratio of LL/DL < 1.25
LL ≤ 5 kN/m2

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Equivalent frame Method,…,Cont’d
 During analysis maximum
design load on all spans
may be only considered
Each frame is analyzed using
any elastic method.
 Moment distribution
 Kani’s method,
 Matrix method etc.

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 Design of flat slab for punching shear
Occur due to large concentrated loads around column-slab
interface.

Thus, for punching shear, the average shear stress

becomes:
υ = V/udav
Where u = length of the critical perimeter
dav = average of the two effective depths.

By: Chimdi G.(M.Sc in Structural. Eng.g) 20

 Punching shear,…,Cont’d
Critical shear perimeter

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 Punching shear,…,Cont’d
The shear strength, υc, for members subjected to
punching, is calculated differently
υc = 0.25fctdk1k2udav
Where k1  1 50 e   2.0
k 2 1.6  d  1.0
d av  d x  d y  2
e     ey   0.015
1
2
ex

When applied punching shear force is eccentric to loaded

area multiplication of the applied force, Vsd , by a factor β
is taken. When no eccentricity of loading is possible, β =1.
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Punching shear,…,Cont’d

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 Detail of reinforcement
 2/3Ast required to resist Mneg in the column strip
shall be placed in a width equal to half that of the
column strip.
Column Strip
Half Column strip

1/6 Ast 2/3 Ast 1/6 Ast

Center line of column

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 Bend and extension for reinforcement

ln: clear span

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Flat slab reinforcement under construction

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Design example

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Design example,…,Cont’d

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Design example,…,Cont’d

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Design example,…,Cont’d

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Design example,…,Cont’d

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Design example,…,Cont’d

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Design example,…,Cont’d

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Design example,…,Cont’d

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Design example,…,Cont’d

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Design example,…,Cont’d

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Design example,…,Cont’d

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Design example,…,Cont’d

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Design example,…,Cont’d

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Design example,…,Cont’d

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Design example,…,Cont’d

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Design example,…,Cont’d

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Design example,…,Cont’d

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Design example,…,Cont’d

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Design example,…,Cont’d

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Design example,…,Cont’d

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Design example,…,Cont’d

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Design example,…,Cont’d

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The End

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