ZOE Battery Durability, Field Experience and

Future Vision

Dr. Bruno DELOBEL, Dr. Isabel JIMENEZ GORDON, Dr. Lucie LEVEAU
Renault Battery Development Department

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World EV Market
ZOE Fluence / SM3 Twizy Kangoo ZE

Alliance Cumulated EV sales:

>350k:
2016 Word wide EV Sales:
▪ ~250k for NISSAN
~500k (~250k for China)
▪ ~100k for RENAULT
2016 Alliance EV sale:
~100k for the Alliance
LEAF e-NV200

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Installation in the Renault ZOE

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ZOE Electric Drive Components

ZOE made in Flins (France)

Driving Range
400km (NEDC)

E-Powertrain made in Cleon (France) Battery assembled in Flins (France)

65kW, 220Nm Usable energy
22kW AC integrated charger 41 kWh
Voltage : 240V-403V DC
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Battery Pack for ZOE
Usable Energy 41kWh 12 modules inside

Maximum power 80kW

Nominal voltage 360V Cooling air interface

(1 inlet / 2 outlets)
300kg
Pack weight
(+21kg)

Service Disconnect Switch

High voltage connector

 No pack modification to reach 400km (NEDC)

Only module and BMS SW evolution
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ZOE NEDC range evolution since 2013

500

450 400km
400
NEDC Range (km)

New Battery
350
ZE40
300 240km
250
210km E-powertrain
200
R240
150
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year

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ZOE Battery Energy Density Improvement

 How to go from 240 to 400km based on cell energy

density improvements? ZOE 400km

ZOE 240km

Cell
Cell design
Chemistry

20% 80%

Improvements mainly based on cell design

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Driving range evolution

Range
(NEDC km)

> 2020 ~ 600 km

2016 400 km

2013-
2016 240 km

2013 210 km

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Cell performance evolution

1100
Cell Energy Density (Wh/l), (Wh/kg)

1000
900
800
700
600
500
400 300 Wh/l
300
200
100
160 Wh/kg
0
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Year

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Cell performance evolution

1100
Cell Energy Density (Wh/l), (Wh/kg)

1000
900
800
700
600 500 Wh/l
500
400 300 Wh/l
300
200
100 240 Wh/kg
160 Wh/kg
0
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Year

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Cell performance evolution

1100
Cell Energy Density (Wh/l), (Wh/kg)

1000
~800 Wh/l
900
800
700
600 500 Wh/l
500 Li-ion Technology
400 300 Wh/l
300
~350 Wh/kg
200
100 240 Wh/kg
160 Wh/kg
0
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Year

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Cell performance evolution

1100 1000 Wh/l

Cell Energy Density (Wh/l), (Wh/kg)

1000
~800 Wh/l
900
800
Post Li-ion?
700
600 500 Wh/l
500 Li-ion Technology
500 Wh/kg
400 300 Wh/l
300
~350 Wh/kg
200
100 240 Wh/kg
160 Wh/kg
0
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Year

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Cell performance evolution

 How to go from 500 to 800Wh/l cell energy density?

500Wh/l 800Wh/l

▪ Ni-rich Cell
? ▪ Space optimization
Cell design
▪ Si-based Chemistry ▪ Thinner foils
▪ Electrolyte ▪ High loading
▪ Additives ▪ Separator

“New” chemistries needed for reaching 800Wh/l

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Requirements Roadmap for EV
Cycle life requirement estimation
Usage 1
Usage 2
Usage 3
Cycle number

Usage 1 < Usage 2 < Usage 3

City Highway
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Total pack energy (kWh)

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Requirements Roadmap for EV
Cycle life requirement estimation
Usage 1
Usage 2
Usage 3
Cycle number

2013

Usage 1 < Usage 2 < Usage 3

City Highway
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Total pack energy (kWh)

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Requirements Roadmap for EV
Cycle life requirement estimation
Usage 1
Usage 2
Usage 3
Cycle number

2013

2016

Usage 1 < Usage 2 < Usage 3

City Highway
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Total pack energy (kWh)

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Requirements Roadmap for EV
Cycle life requirement estimation
Usage 1
Usage 2
Usage 3
Cycle number

2013

2016
20XX 20XX

Usage 1 < Usage 2 < Usage 3

City Highway
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Total pack energy (kWh)

 Cycle life requirement will not decrease… (too much)

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ZOE ZE22 Battery: Durability

Durability = Storage + Cycling

▪ T°C ▪ T°C
▪ SOC ▪ Energy throughput
▪ Power
▪ SOC range
▪ …

 Customers’ usages need to be mastered for

better battery design

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ZOE ZE22 Battery: Feedback on T°C distribution
-10°C<T°C<40°C

 Average T°C~15°C
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ZOE ZE22 Battery: Feedback on mileage distribution

 Daily usage for short distance (Average~40km/day)

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ZOE ZE22 Battery: Feedback on mileage distribution
Mild

 Daily usage for short distance (Average~40km/day)

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ZOE ZE22 Battery: Feedback on mileage distribution
Average
Mild

 Daily usage for short distance (Average~40km/day)

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ZOE ZE22 Battery: Feedback on mileage distribution
Average
Mild

Severe

 Daily usage for short distance (Average~40km/day)

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ZOE ZE22 Battery Durability: Example of 3 usage cases

Field data Model result

 Expected durability is achieved and confirmed by our

life estimation model
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CONCLUSIONS
 RENAULT succeed to increase the driving range from
240km* (ZE22) to 400km* (ZE40) without modifying the pack
architecture
Renault will adapt this new chemistry to others vehicles (i.e.
Kangoo ZE, Master ZE,…)

ZE22 Battery life has been confirmed through field data

analysis and life estimation model

For achieving higher energy density, “new” chemistries are

needed (i.e. Si-based anode, Ni-rich, Electrolyte, Additives…)

*NEDC cycle
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RENAULT ZE VEHICLES

Kangoo ZE
Fluence/SM3 ZE
ZOE ZE40
Twizy

http://www.renault-ze.com/
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RENAULT ZE VEHICLES to be launched

MASTER ZE New Kangoo ZE

200km (NEDC) 270km (NEDC)

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Thank you for your attention

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