Soil Structure Interaction

Angel Francisco Martinez

Civil Engineer
MIDASOFT

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Contents
01: Intro to Midas
02: Concepts of SSI
03: Substructure Method
04: Direct Method: Gen -> GTS NX
05: Direct Method: Civil -> GTS NX
06: Conclusion
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 Intro to MIDAS

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 GTS NX
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5
 Concepts of SSI

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Finite Element Solutions for Geotechnical Engineering
Soil Structure Interaction GTS NX

SSI: The phenomenon in which the response of soil and movement of the
structure influence each other. When external forces, such as earthquakes,
act on these systems, neither structural displacements nor ground
displacements are independent of each other.

Bedrock (top)
wave load Embedded
Surface soil foundation Slab foundation
wave load wave load wave load

Bridging Your Innovations to Realities

Bedrock
wave load

7
Dynamic SSI GTS NX

Substructure Method Direct Method

Based on superposition of events, it separates the problem  The soil-structure system is modeled and analyzed in
into two simpler parts. one step directly
1) Free Field Analysis: The reaction / response of the soil  Get response with the two simultaneously.
is determined (mainly where the structure will be)
 Numerical methods: FEM, FDM
2) Structural Analysis
-The soil can be modeled as spring
damper system (impedance) with that response.
- The detailed structure is designed with the idealization
of soil as independent damper springs.

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Direct Method GTS NX

The soil and structure are modeled with finite elements. Constitutive
models are used to simulate soil behavior.

Pros Cons

 Numerical models provide a direct solution to  More complex and time consuming relative to the
problems of dynamic interaction. (Fully coupled other method.
analysis)
 Requires good software.
 Reduces overall simplifications done in
substructure method.

 It takes into account the stiffness and mass of

the structure.

 It takes into account nonlinear behavior.

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Substructure Method GTS NX

Strata Free Field Analysis Calculate Impedance (Stiffness)

Structural Analysis (Time History)

Compare results from

Apply the values of damping time history analysis
soil springs to the structure. with those of the free
field analysis.
10
Substructure Method GTS NX

Ground Reaction
(kN/m^2)

Soil Springs applied to Piles

Horizontal Displacement (m)

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Substructure Method GTS NX

Ground Reaction
(kN/m^2)

12
Dynamic SSI GTS NX

• Define seismic function at bedrock.

• Forcing functions are defined at different

levels, which vary with depth and soil
properties.

• Ground springs are defined along the length

of the base with corresponding forcing
functions.

13
SSI with Substructure Method

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Substructure Method GTS NX

Midas Gen is a FEA

software with substructure
method.

Modeling in Gen

• Pile Spring Supports

• Surface Spring Supports

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PILE SPRING SUPPORTS
GTS NX

Type of Soil
Uses different P-Y curve depending on soil type

Earth Pressure Coefficient (Ko)

Modulus of Subgrade Reaction (Kh)

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PILE SPRING SUPPORTS
GTS NX

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Results GTS NX

• Displacements
• Moment Curve
• Axial Forces

18
Raft Foundation GTS NX

Adelis Tower

19
Surface Spring Supports GTS NX

Distributed over Max Shear

nodes of Slab

Vertical Displacement

20
SSI with Direct Method
Gen -> GTS NX

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Export file GTS NX

Midas Gen Midas GTS NX

Substructure Method Direct Method

22
Ex: Adeline Tower
GTS NX

Results without Piles

Shear force on slab Vertical Settlement

23
Ex: Adeline Tower
GTS NX

Results with Piles

Shear force on slab Vertical Settlement

24
SSI with Direct Method
Civil -> GTS NX

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3D Modeling GTS NX

• Modeling in midas GTS NX

- Import Bridge from midas Civil
- Import CAD file of ground geometry
- Import Materials
- Rearrange geometries to line up with bridge

26
Mesh Generation GTS NX

• Generate Mesh
- Check surface contact
- Generate mesh for ground
- Mesh 1D piles, Add interfaces
Boundary Conditions GTS NX

•Boundary Conditions
- Ground Surface Springs
- Rotation Restriction of Piles

28
Boundary Conditions GTS NX

29
Boundary Conditions GTS NX

30
Eigen Value Analysis GTS NX

•Analysis Case
- Eigen Value
- Analysis Control>Strum Seq Check
- Run Analysis

31
Eigen Mode Periods GTS NX

• Results
- Check the first and second mode which
have a high mass participation factor
in the Y direction.
- Write down periods

32
Boundary Conditions GTS NX

33
Ground Acceleration GTS NX

• Prepare for Time History

-Add Dampers
- Add Ground Acceleration in Y direction

34
Time History Analysis GTS NX

• Analysis Case
-Create Non linear Time History Case
- Define Time Steps
- Define Damping Method
-Run Analysis

35
Results GTS NX

36
Results GTS NX

37
Conclusion GTS NX

• With the advancement of computational power and

the development of numerical methods, soil structure
interaction can be solved effectively.

• Computer Aided Engineering has allowed the develop

ment of recent major projects.

• Substructure method is sufficient for most cases, but

has limitations relative to Direct method.

• The modeling of the soil is a critical issue in the analy

sis of soil-structure interaction for both methods.

38
 Questions
Email: a.martinez@midasuser.com

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Finite Element Solutions for Geotechnical Engineering