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Index
Page no.
Aim 3
Summary 3
1. Introduction 3
2. Theory/Aim 4
3. Experimental Methods 8
Apparatus/Equipment 9
4. Results and Calculations 10
4.1 Data 10
4.2 Calculations 11
5. Discussion 12
6. Conclusion 15
7. References 15

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Aim

To calculate the polar mass moment of inertia of an assembly and using the result to predict the periodic
time of a triflar suspension of the assembly. Using this assembly, further physical understanding of mass
moment of inertia will also be demonstrated using bodies with known mass and geometry.

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Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of standard trifilar suspension.

Theory/Aim

During this experiment the periodic time is calculated also there compare it to periodic time derived or
calculated theoretically, From the calculated moment of inertia of mass periodic rotation will be
calculated using equations derived for the calculation of the time periods theoretically. From the
Parallel axis Theorem moment of inertia of polar mass was calculated. There is many properties of
equipment that will affect the results like actual measurements and variations. Below Figure shows the
schematic diagram of the Trifilar suspension.

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Figure 2 Schematic Diagram of the Trifilar Suspension Setup

2.1 Formulas

Equation for calculating periodic rotation and polar moment of inertia.

By integrating foer solid object moment of inertia is obtained for the second moments of mass around the rt
axis. The general formulae of the inertia are follow [3]:

I  m*k 2

,
Ig called mass Inertia calculated in kgm2 from
centre of mass M calculated in the killogram
(kg)
Where k is called as the radius gyration around center of mass m

For of the inertia assembly calculataion local inertia Ig must enlarged to an amount m*h2

Where,
m is known to be local mass calculated in the kg.
where h is known to be the distance among parallel axis passing about mass centre and for overall
assembly local mass center.

There applied the Parallel Axis Theory for the every component of assembly. so,

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I  (I  mh2 )

for some standard solids the polar moments of inertia are as follow :

For the Cylindrical shape solid Icylinder =mr2/2

For the Circular shape Tube Icircular=m/2(r2 + r2 )

For the Square hollow section Isquare= m/6 (a20 + a2i )

on circular platform assembly which contain three solid masses which are adjourned to three different
chains which forming Trifilar suspensions .thus to a minor oscillation around the vertical axis t Moment
of Inertia relate to periodic time are as follow.

1 3
L
Ø θ θ
Ø Ø
Ø

Ø600 θ 2

Figure 3 Dimension of trifilar suspension

From Figure [3.1],

θ is known to be angle between radius and tangential references

line. So using following equation,
sinθ  θ  x R as θ is small angle
Where, R known to be circular platform Radius.

dθ
ω
Differntiating of θ gives , dt
d2θ
α
so once again differentiating dt 2
gives

so,

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 x F
sin θ   F
xmg
L mg >>> L

from standard equation of Torque, FR  Iα

FR  
xmg 
R  Iα d2θ
  α  2
Hence   where x  Rθ and dt

Next simplifiy equation become

 d2θ  R2mgθ
 I 2  
 dt  L
[1]

Equation for the 2nd order differential SHM is taken as

d2 y  2
ω x0
dx 2 [2]

a comparisons equations to an angular velocity ω can be derived as follow.

Generalize theoreticaly some aspect for experiments so obtained by Integrating it.

dθ
 θωcos ωt  d2θ  2
 θω sin ωt 
θ  θsin ωt  dt >> dt 2

Putting these values in the equation [1],the for angular velocity equation can obtained.

now, simplifying equation [1]through the values of angular acceleration than the equation obtained


I ω 2  
R2mg
L
mgR 2
ω 
and the angular velocity will be LI

There is inverse relation between the time period , angular velocity it can obtained to compare it for
the experimental time period.

2π
T
By Using eq: ω

periodic time which is theoreticaly can obtained in the terms of the moment of inertia mass.

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 LI
T  2π
so
mgR 2 [3]

Where,

I is called the Polar Moment of Inertia

L is called to be the the Vertical length of the Trifilar suspension
m is the Mass of the shapes placed on the Circular platform
R is the Radius of the Circular platform

Experimental Method

3.1 Procedure

 The equipments which used in during experiments is get prepared.

 Stop watch get to zero errors calibration also timer get adjust zero.

 Once everything seted, on reference line pointer were kept and a circular platform were permitted
for one oscillation to complete. Nothing were positioned above the platform. Time for oscillations
get note.
 The mass of solid were then placed on fot circular platform centre mass and than step 3 , 4 was
repeat.

 Whole masses ( square section, cylinder and solid mass ) was positioned on circular platform.
Whole masses was placed from the centre at equal distances than steps 3 , 4 was repeated.

Once get require time period of oscillation trifilar suspension height was calculated through measuring
tape.

Once the test were completed now it is possible to measure periodic time through dataof tables
and formulae obtained than compared it to the theoretical values

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3.2 Apparatus/Equipments:

trifilar suspension use during conducting of experiment.main apparatus contained a hooked onto a hanger via
chains and plywood attached circular shape .

The chains got tight in order to keep base of trifilar suspension flat . Than chain were held to top
through a hangar, through which the chain were got hook and than join.

For determining moment of inertia of mass for the trifilar pendulum will create through many type of solid mass
and weight .Stop watch was used inorder to get record t time of oscillation.

distance of solid mass to centres of circular plywood is measured through ruler and chain twhich support
circular plywoods werw measured through measuring tape.

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Figure 4 shows the set up of apparatus/equipment:

Figure 5 display all mass arrangement above platform.

Calculations and Results

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4.1 Data

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 Length of Trifilars String 2.120m Trifillar Radius: 33Cm

Table 1 shows time which were recorded and load for each mass.for drawing a possible trend.
Calculation was then use for ploting the graph between the tabulated data experimental data.

Load Mass Experimental Polar Moment Theoretical

(kg) Time (sec) Time
Circular Platform 8.8 0.73 0.09 0.80 0.011
Cylindrical Tube
Circular Platform 13.5 1.38 0.38 1.65 0.028
Cylindrical Tube
Hollow Circular Tube
Square Hallow Section
Circular Platform 2 1.77 0.09 2.06 0.045

Table1 Record and Calculate Values (3 of sets)

4.2 Calculations

Calculated Value For Set A

Set A

Mass(kg) Dimension(m) I(kgm2 )

circular Platform 2 0.6 I=mr2/2 0.09
cylinder 6.82 0.126 0.0187209
0.078 I=m/2(ro2 + ri 2 ) 0.004306356
tube 2.196
0.098
Square Section 0.1 I=m/6(a20 + a2 i) 0.019
2.503
0.006

Calculated Value For Set B

Set B
Mass(kg) Dimension(m) I(kgm2 )
circular Platform 2.7 0.6 I=mr2/2 0.1215
cylinder 5.6 0.129 0.016947
0.087
tube 1.29 I=m/2(ro2 + ri 2 ) 0.002898146
0.102
0.1
Square Section I=m/6(a20 + a2 i) 0.000876727
2.37 0.0065

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Discussion

Moment of inertia is also called name rotational inertia rotationals analogues of masses through linear
motions which appear for the relationship of dynamic rotational motion.Moment of inertia should be
stated with through selected axis of rotations.

used Parallel axis theorem for calculatng moment of inertia for a rigid masses use during experiments.

from experiment Periodic Time also ratio of were discuss than compare through graph and
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results of table in the previous sections. m

As we know for measured periodic time and theoretical periodic time both of quantity is also
proportional each other , which proved throgh calculation and graphs trends.

Than slope were plot and than compare so it were exactly constant during experiments.

Results displayed through comparing of each the test, also error that made in experiment also can be
analyze and also discussion effectively supported.

Graph:

graph below shows a comparison between Measured and Theoretical Periodic times. Graph 1 displays
trend that observed oncethe value of trial plotted vs the time,also graphs show the linear relationships
and trend of slope Results is positive. Experimentals, time through trifilar suspension were calculated
and than three sets of weight through rotating circular platform also experimental time was calculated
during it now using the parallel axis theorem and moment of inertia theory .

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 Graph = 1 Measured Time Chart and Theoretical time chart

Graphs 2nd diplays a comparisons between experimentals time calculate for ratio I
m.
a linear relationship graph show , gradients of slopes is positive again showing its also slope positive
showing directly proportional between Experimental time and ratio.

Measured Periodic Time Relationship Graph

Graph comparing calculate times to ratio of I .

m
This graphs displays the linears relationships and also gradients to slope is + tive again showing that there
is a

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+tive slope that show a proportionality directly between ratio to calculated time. This graph diplays there
is smalls error at 2nd set of measurement.

Graph Periodic Time Relationship Calculated.

Analysis of error:

Experimental error Sources:

 Reading/ Measurement accuracies

 Starts of oscillations were does not accurately as for drawing a tangentials path.
 Lab-Room pressure , tempratures

 Masses should be firmly held

 room temperature varations

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Conclusion

calculated theoretical time is compared with The measureds experimental periodic time. through the the
derived equation for the theoreticals time period calculated mass moment of inertia, periodic rotation shall
be calculated

Moment of Inertia and Parallel Axis Theories were used for calculation and than by comparing it to the
theoretical and experimental readings.
by analyzing theoretical results and experimental results and test duration or period of both Experimental
timesand theoretical

proportional directly to ratio of I .

m

so this can be conclude theoreticals time which were calculated similar to almost experimentals times
measured. So it show the lab experiment was correct.

References

1. Mass Moment of Inertia(2008): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_of_inertia

2. Trifilar Suspension(2008):http://www.eng.uwo.ca/mme385y/Experiments/MME
3. Course Handouts(2008): Trifilar suspension

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