EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS

EJERCICIO 1

SOLUCION.

A ≔ 0.002 m 2

m kg
E ≔ 2.0 ⋅ 10 10 ⋅ 9.81 ― ⋅ ――
s2 m2

SISTEMA DE COORDENADAS PARA CADA ELEMENTO

1 2 3 4 5 6
xi1 ≔ 0 m xi2 ≔ 0 m xi3 ≔ 0 m xi4 ≔ 4 m xi5 ≔ 4 m xi6 ≔ 0 m
yi1 ≔ 0 m yi2 ≔ 0 m yi3 ≔ 3 m yi4 ≔ 0 m yi5 ≔ 0 m yi6 ≔ 0 m
xf1 ≔ 4 m xf2 ≔ 0 m xf3 ≔ 4 m xf4 ≔ 4 m xf5 ≔ 0 m xf6 ≔ 4 m
yf1 ≔ 0 m yf2 ≔ 3 m yf3 ≔ 3 m yf4 ≔ 3 m yf5 ≔ 3 m yf6 ≔ 3 m

LONGITUDES.

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ 2 2⎞ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ 2 2⎞
E1 ≔ ⎝((xf1 - xi1)) + ((yf1 - yi1)) ⎠ = 4 m E4 ≔ ⎝((xf4 - xi4)) + ((yf4 - yi4)) ⎠ = 3 m
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ 2 2⎞ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ 2 2⎞
E2 ≔ ⎝((xf2 - xi2)) + ((yf2 - yi2)) ⎠ = 3 m E5 ≔ ⎝((xf5 - xi5)) + ((yf5 - yi5)) ⎠ = 5 m
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ 2 2⎞ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ 2 2⎞
E3 ≔ ⎝((xf3 - xi3)) + ((yf3 - yi3)) ⎠ = 4 m E6 ≔ ⎝((xf6 - xi6)) + ((yf6 - yi6)) ⎠ = 5 m

COSENOS DIRECTORES.

((xf1 - xi1)) ((xf2 - xi2)) ((xf3 - xi3))

C1 ≔ ―――― =1 C2 ≔ ―――― =0 C3 ≔ ―――― =1
E1 E2 E3

xf4 - xi4 ((xf5 - xi5)) ((xf6 - xi6))

C4 ≔ ――― = 0 C5 ≔ ―――― = -0.8 C6 ≔ ―――― = 0.8
E4 E5 E6

((yf1 - yi1)) ((yf2 - yi2)) yf3 - yi3

S1 ≔ ―――― =0 S2 ≔ ―――― =1 S3 ≔ ――― = 0
 S1 0 S2 S3 0
E1 E2 E3

((yf4 - yi4)) ((yf5 - yi5)) ((yf6 - yi6))

S4 ≔ ―――― =1 S5 ≔ ―――― = 0.6 S6 ≔ ―――― = 0.6
E4 E5 E6

MATRIZ DE RIGIDEZ DEL ELEMENTO "K"

⎡ C1 2 C1 ⋅ S1 -C1 2 -C1 ⋅ S1 ⎤ ⎡ 98100000 0 -98100000 0 ⎤

⎢ ⎥
E ⋅ A C1 ⋅ S1 S1 2 -C1 ⋅ S1 -S1 2 ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 0 0 ⎥ kg
k1 ≔ ――⎢ =⎢ ⎥―
E1 ⎢ -C1 2 -C1 ⋅ S1 C1 2 C1 ⋅ S1 ⎥ ⎢ -98100000 0 98100000 0 ⎥ s 2
⎢⎣ -C1 ⋅ S1 -S1 2 C1 ⋅ S1 S1 2 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 0 0 0 0⎦

⎡ C2 2 C2 ⋅ S2 -C2 2 -C2 ⋅ S2 ⎤ ⎡ 0 0 0 0⎤
⎢ ⎥
E ⋅ A ⎢ C2 ⋅ S2 S2 2 -C2 ⋅ S2 -S2 2 ⎥ ⎢ 0 130800000 0 -130800000 ⎥ kg
k2 ≔ ―― =⎢ ⎥ ――
E2 ⎢ -C2 2 -C2 ⋅ S2 C2 2 C2 ⋅ S2 ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 0 0 ⎥ s2
⎢⎣ -C2 ⋅ S2 -S2 2 C2 ⋅ S2 S2 2 ⎥
⎦ ⎣ 0 -130800000 0 130800000 ⎦

⎡ C3 2 C3 ⋅ S3 -C3 2 -C3 ⋅ S3 ⎤ ⎡ 98100000 0 -98100000 0 ⎤

⎢ ⎥
E ⋅ A C3 ⋅ S3 S3 2
-C3 ⋅ S3 -S3 2 ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 0 0 ⎥ kg
k3 ≔ ――⎢ 2 2
=⎢ ⎥―
E3 ⎢ -C3 -C3 ⋅ S3 C3 C3 ⋅ S3 ⎥ ⎢ -98100000 0 98100000 0 ⎥ s 2
⎢⎣ -C3 ⋅ S3 -S3 2 C3 ⋅ S3 S3 2 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 0 0 0 0⎦

⎡ C4 2 C4 ⋅ S4 -C4 2 -C4 ⋅ S4 ⎤ ⎡ 0 0 0 0⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎢
E ⋅ A ⎢ C4 ⋅ S4 S4 2
-C4 ⋅ S4 -S4 ⎥ 2
0 130800000 0 -130800000 ⎥ kg
k4 ≔ ―― =⎢ ⎥ ――
E4 ⎢ -C4 2 -C4 ⋅ S4 C4 2 C4 ⋅ S4 ⎥ ⎢ 0 0 0 0 ⎥ s2
⎢⎣ -C4 ⋅ S4 -S4 2 C4 ⋅ S4 S4 2 ⎥
⎦ ⎣ 0 -130800000 0 130800000 ⎦

⎡ C5 2 C5 ⋅ S5 -C5 2 -C5 ⋅ S5 ⎤ ⎡ 50227200 -37670400 -50227200 37670400 ⎤

⎢ ⎥
E ⋅ A C5 ⋅ S5 S5 2 -C5 ⋅ S5 -S5 2 ⎥ ⎢ -37670400 28252800 37670400 -28252800 ⎥ kg
k5 ≔ ――⎢ =⎢ ⎥―
E5 ⎢ -C5 2 -C5 ⋅ S5 C5 2 C5 ⋅ S5 ⎥ ⎢ -50227200 37670400 50227200 -37670400 ⎥ s 2
⎢⎣ -C5 ⋅ S5 -S5 2 C5 ⋅ S5 S5 2 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 37670400 -28252800 -37670400 28252800 ⎦

⎡ C6 2 C6 ⋅ S6 -C6 2 -C6 ⋅ S6 ⎤ ⎡ 50227200 37670400 -50227200 -37670400 ⎤

⎢ ⎥
E ⋅ A C6 ⋅ S6 S6 2 -C6 ⋅ S6 -S6 2 ⎥ ⎢ 37670400 28252800 -37670400 -28252800 ⎥ kg
k6 ≔ ――⎢ =⎢ ⎥―
E6 ⎢ -C6 2 -C6 ⋅ S6 C6 2 C6 ⋅ S6 ⎥ ⎢ -50227200 -37670400 50227200 37670400 ⎥ s 2
⎢⎣ -C6 ⋅ S6 -S6 2 C6 ⋅ S6 S6 2 ⎥⎦ ⎣ -37670400 -28252800 37670400 28252800 ⎦
MATRIZ DE TRANSFORMACION.

⎡1 0 0 0⎤ ⎡1 0 0 0⎤ ⎡0 0 0 0⎤
⎢0 1 0 0⎥ ⎢0 1 0 0⎥ ⎢0 0 0 0⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢0 0 0 0⎥ ⎢0 0 1 0⎥ ⎢1 0 0 0⎥
0 0 0 0⎥ 0 0 0 1⎥ 0 1 0 0⎥
T1 ≔ ⎢ T2 ≔ ⎢ T3 ≔ ⎢
⎢0 0 0 0⎥ ⎢0 0 0 0⎥ ⎢0 0 1 0⎥
⎢0 0 0 0⎥ ⎢0 0 0 0⎥ ⎢0 0 0 1⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢0 0 1 0⎥ ⎢0 0 0 0⎥ ⎢0 0 0 0⎥
⎣0 0 0 1⎦ ⎣0 0 0 0⎦ ⎣0 0 0 0⎦

⎡0 0 0 0⎤ ⎡0 0 0 0⎤ ⎡1 0 0 0⎤
⎢0 0 0 0⎥ ⎢0 0 0 0⎥ ⎢0 1 0 0⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢0 0 0 0⎥ ⎢0 0 1 0⎥ ⎢0 0 0 0⎥
0 0 0 0⎥ 0 0 0 1⎥ 0 0 0 0⎥
T4 ≔ ⎢ T5 ≔ ⎢ T6 ≔ ⎢
⎢0 0 1 0⎥ ⎢0 0 0 0⎥ ⎢0 0 1 0⎥
⎢0 0 0 1⎥ ⎢0 0 0 0⎥ ⎢0 0 0 1⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢1 0 0 0⎥ ⎢1 0 0 0⎥ ⎢0 0 0 0⎥
⎣0 1 0 0⎦ ⎣0 1 0 0⎦ ⎣0 0 0 0⎦

MATRICES EXPANDIDAS.

⎡ 98100000 0 0 0 0 0 -98100000 0 ⎤
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥ kg
k1e ≔ T1 ⋅ k1 ⋅ T1 T = ⎢ ―
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥ s2
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
-98100000 0 0 0 0 0 98100000 0
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎦

⎡0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎤
⎢ 0 130800000 0 -130800000 0 0 0 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
0 -130800000 0 130800000 0 0 0 0 ⎥ kg
k2e ≔ T2 ⋅ k2 ⋅ T2 T = ⎢ ―
⎢0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥ s2
⎢0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
⎣0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎦
 ⎡0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎤
⎢0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 0 98100000 0 -98100000 0 0 0 ⎥
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥ kg
k3e ≔ T3 ⋅ k3 ⋅ T3 T = ⎢ ―
⎢0 0 -98100000 0 98100000 0 0 0 ⎥ s 2
⎢0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
⎣0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎦

⎡0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎤
⎢0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥ kg
k4e ≔ T4 ⋅ k4 ⋅ T4 T = ⎢ ―
⎢0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥ s2
⎢0 0 0 0 0 130800000 0 -130800000 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
⎣0 0 0 0 0 -130800000 0 130800000 ⎦

⎡0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎤
⎢0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 0 50227200 -37670400 0 0 -50227200 37670400 ⎥
0 0 -37670400 28252800 0 0 37670400 -28252800 ⎥ m kg
k5e ≔ T5 ⋅ k5 ⋅ T5 T = ⎢ ―⋅ ―
⎢0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥ s2 m
⎢0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢0 0 -50227200 37670400 0 0 50227200 -37670400 ⎥
⎣0 0 37670400 -28252800 0 0 -37670400 28252800 ⎦

⎡ 50227200 37670400 0 0 -50227200 -37670400 0 0 ⎤

⎢ 37670400 28252800 0 0 -37670400 -28252800 0 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥ kg
k6e ≔ T6 ⋅ k6 ⋅ T6 T = ⎢ ―
⎢ -50227200 -37670400 0 0 50227200 37670400 0 0 ⎥ s 2
⎢ -37670400 -28252800 0 0 37670400 28252800 0 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎥
⎢
⎣ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0⎦
MATRIZ ENSAMBLADA.

K ≔ k1e + k2e + k3e + k4e + k5e + k6e

⎡ 1.5 ⋅ 10 8 3.8 ⋅ 10 7 0 0 -5 ⋅ 10 7 -3.8 ⋅ 10 7 -9.8 ⋅ 10 7 0 ⎤

⎢ 7 ⎥
⎢ 3.8 ⋅ 10 1.6 ⋅ 10 8 0 -1.3 ⋅ 10 8 -3.8 ⋅ 10 7 -2.8 ⋅ 10 7 0 0 ⎥
8 7 7 7
⎢ 0 0 1.5 ⋅ 10 -3.8 ⋅ 10 -9.8 ⋅ 10 0 -5 ⋅ 10 3.8 ⋅ 10 7 ⎥
⎢ 0 8 7
-1.3 ⋅ 10 -3.8 ⋅ 10 1.6 ⋅ 10 8
0 0 3.8 ⋅ 10 -2.8 ⋅ 10 7
7 ⎥ kg
K=⎢ 7 ⎥―
⎢ -5 ⋅ 10 -3.8 ⋅ 10 7 -9.8 ⋅ 10 7 0 1.5 ⋅ 10 8 3.8 ⋅ 10 7 0 0 ⎥ s
2

⎢ -3.8 ⋅ 10 7 -2.8 ⋅ 10 7 0 0 3.8 ⋅ 10 7

1.6 ⋅ 10 8
0 -1.3 ⋅ 10 8 ⎥
⎢ -9.8 ⋅ 10 7 0 -5 ⋅ 10 7 3.8 ⋅ 10 7 0 0 1.5 ⋅ 10 8 -3.8 ⋅ 10 7 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 0 3.8 ⋅ 10 7 -2.8 ⋅ 10 7 0 -1.3 ⋅ 10 8 -3.8 ⋅ 10 7 1.6 ⋅ 10 8 ⎦

MATRIZ REDUCIDA.

D2 ≔ 0 m D7 ≔ 0 m D8 ≔ 0 m

⎡K K K K K ⎤
⎢ 1,1 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
⎥
⎢K K K K K ⎥
⎢ 3,1 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6
⎥
Kred ≔ ⎢ K K K K K ⎥
⎢ 4,1 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,6
⎥
⎢K K K K K ⎥
⎢ 5,1 5,3 5,4 5,5 5,6
⎥
⎢K K K K K ⎥
⎣ 6,1 6,3 6,4 6,5 6,6⎦

⎡ 1.483 ⋅ 10 8 0 0 -5.023 ⋅ 10 7 -3.767 ⋅ 10 7 ⎤

⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 1.483 ⋅ 10 8 -3.767 ⋅ 10 7 -9.81 ⋅ 10 7 0 ⎥ kg
Kred = ⎢ 0 -3.767 ⋅ 10 7 1.591 ⋅ 10 8 0 0 ⎥― 2
⎢ -5.023 ⋅ 10 7 -9.81 ⋅ 10 7 0 1.483 ⋅ 10 8
3.767 ⋅ 10 7 ⎥ s
⎢ 7 7 ⎥
⎣ -3.767 ⋅ 10 0 0 3.767 ⋅ 10 1.591 ⋅ 10 8 ⎦

MATRIZ FUERZA.
⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
F ≔ ⎢ -200 ⎥ ⋅ kN
⎢ 300 ⎥
⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦
DESPLAZAMIENTOS.

⎡ D1 ⎤ ⎡ 0.001 ⎤
⎢ D3 ⎥ ⎢ 0.003 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ -1 ⎢ ⎥
⎢ D4 ⎥ ≔ Kred ⋅ F = ⎢ -0.001 ⎥ m
⎢ D5 ⎥ ⎢ 0.005 ⎥
⎢⎣ D6 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ -0.001 ⎥⎦

T
D ≔ [[ D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 ]]

⎡ 0.0014 ⎤
⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0.0029 ⎥
-0.0006 ⎥
D=⎢ m
⎢ 0.0046 ⎥
⎢ -0.0008 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 ⎥
⎣ 0 ⎦

FUERZAS Y MOMENTOS FINALES EN LOS ELEMENTOS.

⎡ D1 ⎤
E ⎢ D2 ⎥
σ1 ≔ ―― ⋅ [[ -C1 -S1 C1 S1 ]] ⋅ ⎢ ⎥ = -66.667 MPa N1 ≔ σ1 ⋅ A = -133.333 kN
E1 ⎢ D7 ⎥
⎣ D8 ⎦

⎡ D1 ⎤
E ⎢ D2 ⎥
σ2 ≔ ―― ⋅ [[ -C2 -S2 C2 S2 ]] ⋅ ⎢ ⎥ = -37500000 Pa N2 ≔ σ2 ⋅ A = -75 kN
E2 ⎢ D3 ⎥
⎣ D4 ⎦

⎡ D3 ⎤
E ⎢ D4 ⎥
σ3 ≔ ―― ⋅ [[ -C3 -S3 C3 S3 ]] ⋅ ⎢ ⎥ = 83.333 MPa N3 ≔ σ3 ⋅ A = 166.667 kN
E3 ⎢ D5 ⎥
⎣ D6 ⎦

⎡ D7 ⎤
E ⎢ D8 ⎥
σ4 ≔ ―― ⋅ [[ -C4 -S4 C4 S4 ]] ⋅ ⎢ ⎥ = -50 MPa N4 ≔ σ4 ⋅ A = -100 kN
E4 ⎢ D5 ⎥
⎣ D6 ⎦

⎡ D7 ⎤
E ⎢ D8 ⎥
σ5 ≔ ―― ⋅ [[ -C5 -S5 C5 S5 ]] ⋅ ⎢ ⎥ = -104.167 MPa N5 ≔ σ5 ⋅ A = -208.333 kN
E5 ⎢ D3 ⎥
⎣ D4 ⎦
 ⎡ D1 ⎤
E ⎢ D2 ⎥
σ6 ≔ ―― ⋅ [[ -C6 -S6 C6 S6 ]] ⋅ ⎢ ⎥ = 83.333 MPa N6 ≔ σ6 ⋅ A = 166.667 kN
E6 ⎢ D5 ⎥
⎣ D6 ⎦

Tensiones.
⎡ -66.667 ⎤
⎢ -37.5 ⎥
T ⎢ ⎥
83.333 ⎥
σ ≔ [[ σ1 σ2 σ3 σ4 σ5 σ6 ]] = ⎢ MPa
⎢ -50 ⎥
⎢ -104.167 ⎥
⎢⎣ 83.333 ⎥⎦

Normales.
⎡ -133.333 ⎤
⎢ -75 ⎥
T ⎢ ⎥
166.667 ⎥
N ≔ [[ N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 ]] = ⎢ kN
⎢ -100 ⎥
⎢ -208.333 ⎥
⎢⎣ 166.667 ⎥⎦

Reacciones.

⎡K K K K K K K K ⎤
⎢ 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8⎥
Kreac ≔ ⎢ K K K K K K K K ⎥
⎢ 7,1 7,2 7,3 7,4 7,5 7,6 7,7 7,8⎥
⎢K K K K K K K K ⎥
⎣ 8,1 8,2 8,3 8,4 8,5 8,6 8,7 8,8⎦

⎡ R1 ⎤ ⎡ -25 ⎤
⎢ R2 ⎥ ≔ Kreac ⋅ D = ⎢ -300 ⎥ kN
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ R3 ⎦ ⎣ 225 ⎦