Electrical & Electronic Instrumentation – Assignment II

Due date: 11.02.2019

1. Determine the coil current that will produce a 60 deflection in a PMMC instrument which has the
following parameters: coil turns = 200, coil dimensions = 2.5 cm x 2 cm, flux density = 150 mT, spring
coil constant = 5µNm.
2. A galvanometer has a free period T = 2 sec, and negligible air damping (D = 0). When 𝑅 + 𝑅𝑚 = 100
ohms (𝑅 is in series with the meter), the same galvanometer has a period T = 4 sec. What total resistance
𝑅 + 𝑅𝑚 is required to critically damp this galvanometer?
3. In a galvanometer where 𝑅𝑚 = 50 Ω and 𝑅 = 100 Ω, the coil angle vs. time follows the equation
𝜃 = 0.4 − 0.8𝑒 −√3𝑡 cos(𝑡 − 𝜋/3)
(a) What is the maximum value of 𝜃?
(b) What value of 𝑅 is required for critical damping? Assume 𝐷 = 0.
4. A galvanometer is tested in the circuit shown below. When 𝑅3 = 450 Ω, the deflection is 150 mm. When
𝑅3 = 950 Ω, the deflection is 75 mm. Find the resistance and current sensitivity of the galvanometer. E =
1.5 V, 𝑅𝑖 = 1.0 Ω, 𝑅2 = 2,500 Ω.

5. A PMMC instrument with a 750 Ω coil resistance gives FSD with 500 µA current. Determine the required
shunt resistance to convert the instrument into a dc ammeter with an FSD of 50 mA.
6. A dc ammeter consists of an Ayrton shunt in parallel with a PMMC instrument that has 1.2 k Ω coil
resistance and a 100 µA FSD. The Ayrton shunt is made up of four 0.1 Ω series connected resistors.
Calculate the ammeter range at each setting of the shunt.
7. An ammeter measures the current in a 10 Ω load supplied from a 10 V source. Calculate the measured
current when the ammeter resistance is (a) 0.1 Ω and (b) 1 Ω.
8. A PMMC instrument with a 900 Ω coil resistance and FSD of 75 µA is to be used as a dc voltmeter.
Calculate the individual multiplier resistance to give an FSD of (a) 100 V, (b) 30 V and (c) 5 V. Also
determine the voltmeter sensitivity. Calculate the resistance values when series connected multipliers are
used.
9. Two resistors 𝑅1 = 70 kΩ and 𝑅2 = 50 kΩ, are connected in series across a 12 V supply. A voltmeter on
5V range is connected to measure the voltage across 𝑅2 . Calculate 𝑉𝑅2 (a) with voltmeter disconnected,
with a voltmeter having a sensitivity of 20 kΩ/V, and (c) with a voltmeter having a sensitivity of 200
kΩ/V.
10. A battery of voltage 𝑉 with negligible internal resistance powers a chain of N resistors R. The
measurement of the potential difference between the nth connection and the earthed negative pole of the
battery (𝑉𝑛 ) is obtained with an analog voltmeter of sensitivity equal to  used on a full-scale of 𝑉𝐹𝑆 .
Compute the expression for the measured voltage 𝑉𝑛 . For a 9 V battery and  = 20 000 Ω/V at 𝑉𝐹𝑆 = 10V,
R = 50 kΩ, N = 10, find the value of 𝑉4.

V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9

R R R R R R R R R R

11. An analog voltmeter, whose internal resistance is 𝑅𝑉 , is used to measure the voltage 𝛥𝑉 between two
points A and B of a circuit whose characteristics are unknown. To get the unperturbed value of ΔV, we
perform two measurements: (1) we connect the voltmeter to the points A and B and measure the value
𝛥𝑉1; (2) we insert in series with the voltmeter a known resistance 𝑟 ⋇ and obtain the value 𝛥𝑉2. Obtain the
expression of 𝛥𝑉 from the results of these two measurements. (You may use Thevenin’s equivalent circuit
as seen from the voltmeter).
12. A PMMC instrument with 900 Ω coil resistance and an FSD of 75 µA is to be used with a half wave
rectifier circuit as an ac voltmeter. Silicon diodes are used (VF = 0.7 V), and the peak diode forward
current is to be 80 µA when the instrument indicates 0.25 FSD. Calculate the shunt and multiplier
resistance values required to give 200 V FSD.
13. An AC voltmeter uses the circuit shown below, where the PMMC meter has an internal resistance of 100
Ω and requires a dc current of 1 mA for full scale deflection.
Assuming the diodes to be ideal, the value of Rs to obtain full scale deflection with 100 V (ac rms) applied
to the input terminal would be Rs.

14. A rectifier ammeter has the following components: PMMC instrument with FSD = 200 µA and Rm = 900
Ω, current transformer with NS = 600 and NP = 5, diodes with VF = 0.3 V, meter series resistance RS =
270 kΩ, transformer shunt secondary resistance RL = 98.7 kΩ. Calculate the level of transformer primary
current for instrument FSD.
15. A series ohmmeter that has standard internal resistance of R1 = 50 kΩ uses a meter with FSD = 75 µA and
Rm = 100 Ω. The meter shunt resistance is R2 = 300 Ω, and the battery voltage is EB = 5 V. Determine the
resistance measured at 0 25%, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % of FSD.
16. A series ohmmeter with mid-scale design of 5,000 Ω has a worn battery, but you are too lazy to replace
it. Instead, you decide to use it "as is," even though it reads 500 Ω rather than zero with the ohmmeter
leads shorted. When the resistor whose resistance you seek is connected to the ohmmeter, the scale reading
is 30,000 Ω. What is the actual value of the resistance?
17. A series ohmmeter having RH = 104 Ω and 𝑉𝑂𝐶 = 9.0 V is connected to a silicon diode as shown in Figure
below. The diode has 𝑉𝑇 = 0.025 V and 𝐼𝑅𝑆 = 10 μA. What resistance does the ohmmeter read?

18. Two series ohmmeters are connected as shown in the Figure to a 1 kΩ resistor. What resistance does each
ohmmeter read?