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Structural Design
CIVL2340/Dilum Fernando 1
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Structural Steel: mechanical behaviour
www.tf.uni-kiel.de
slideplayer.com
suw.biblos.pk.edu.pl
Ys
σ = Eε ε≤
E
Ys
=σ Ys ε>
E
Ys
σ = Eε ε≤
E
Ys
σ Ys ε 2 ≥ ε >
E
U s − Ys
σ Ys + ( ε − ε2 ) ε > ε2
εu − ε2
ε2 εu
CIVL2340/ Dr. Dilum Fernando 8
Structural Steel: Important properties
l In design, the following properties are considered the same for all
grades of steel:
– Modulus of elasticity: E = 200,000 MPa
– Poisson’s ratio: ν = 0.25
– Shear modulus: G = 80,000 MPa
– Density = 7850 kg/m3
– Coefficient of thermal expansion: αT = 11.7 × 10−6/°C
l Steel properties change significantly at higher temperatures (e.g.,
about 35% reduction in E and 29% increase in thermal expansion
at 500°C)
CIVL2340/ Dr. Dilum Fernando 9
Structural Steel: Standard steel sections
l Referring to Structural
sections for the list of
commonly used standard
steel sections. For example
– UB: Universal beams (I
beams)
– UC: Universal columns
(H columns)
– Joists
– Angles
– Channels
CIVL2340/ Dr. Dilum Fernando 10
Structural Steel: Standard steel sections
l Hot-rolled Sections: Universal Beams (UB), Universal
Columns (UC), Channels, Equal/Unequal Angles
(EA/UA)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xn
Kmt_gsLs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0t
Fln8_nIo
P
T=
cos θ
Fully fixed
Load- boundary
Uniformly conditions
distributed
Effects of
boundary
conditions
Difference in
stress<0.1MPa
(261.5MPa-
262MPa)
N= ∫ σdA
A
σ ∫ dA =
N= σA
A
sufficient warning
where:
fy is the design yield stress (depends on the steel grade and
thickness)
Ag is the gross area of the cross-section
N = φ Nt
∗
N t = Ag f y
Minimum of
N t = 0.85kt An fu
where:
fy is the design yield stress (depends on the steel grade and thickness)
fu is the design strength (depends on the steel grade and thickness)
Ag is the gross area of the cross-section
An is the net area of the cross-section
kt is the correction factor for distribution of forces
Nh Ns
S 2j
An =t b − ∑ Di + 0.25∑
i 1 =j 1 g j
S
=
where Ns is the total number of zig-zag lines; S g
(measured along the force direction) and g is
called gauge (measured perpendicular to the
force direction) are show in the figure
CIVL2340/ Dr. Dilum Fernando 42
Tension members
l Tension member is liable to buckle especially if the
member may be subject to reversal load from the
action of wind
l AS4100 limits the maximum slenderness ratio (l/r) to
address this problem. Referring to Section 7.4 on pp.
95-96, the maximum slenderness ratio for tension
member is 300, where l is the length; and r is the
radius of gyration about the weak axis
l We will come back to this slenderness ratio when we
talk about compression members
CIVL2340/ Dr. Dilum Fernando 43
Tension members
l Class example
l Determine the tension capacity of the single lapped connection
made of two steel plates (each with thickness 25 mm) of Grade
300 steel. All bolts are M20 with 2mm clearance. All units in
mm.
50
10
0
50
CIVL2340/Dilum Fernando 45