! " # $ !

' ! & $ $ % #

Pm − Pl = 0

10 + /.
! ( )
! * $+, -
10 / 23
 % !" #$
P
# 45 0 P0 , + ! . 6 7
Pmax
9 :7 8 ! 3%
P0 + ) - )- , + ! ;

,8 ; = 90 + 7 3% !
δ0 δ =90 δ
+ - )- , +; 4+ < $
+ 9 :7 = > ! ? @) 5
+ / = 90 % A ?
% ! 0 + 1B > C &

% ! E 8 = 4+ F - A )8; G 0 + D -)
P0

% !" #$

; 4+, : "H -
! % G :) 4+
P ' H I -! C J , !
; 9 :7 P P0 8 , + 3
P0 δ0
4+ 3 % δ !
= K ) 3) P P0 ! , +
δ0 δ
) ? ! .? 8; ! J
L ? , + + &
) +" , ) M) N)# ! ; J 4+ "! H
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' -D W X 1 U V > /. A ? M T 73 ) #
. P Y & )8 1
. < ) )8 T ;Z ) A [+ " :? P )8, I 2
1%. 7 3" E W CJ , 3 F /

0 X "! F 4+, : . A - E
0 X # < W .)+ 0 X = 4+ %\ :
! . =^ $ _ \ : = 4+ . ] A
%. 8 Y &

% 3 M ` E W a " <)8" ! , 0 X # < W

 " '() * +# (, $-
d 2θ dθ
Tj = J +B 1 ' ! X ! . - )- $
j dt 2 dt
C S B ,D J F
! b - >

7 > ,8 P . " [ Z ) A [+ b - > T F . [3

d 2θ ' 8 I -! c $ F ) .
1 Ti − Tm = J 2
2
dt
b R
d d d2 d2 6 7 DS
= t+ = + 2
= 2 3 , T
E N dt dt dt dt '.

% ! ! δ F
 " '() * +# (, $-

: (swing equation)

Ti − Tm = J
d 2δ
ω d 2δ
23
dt 2
7 da S Pi − Pm = Jω 2 4
dt
E ;M

d 2δ
Pm = Pmax sin δ Pi − Pmax sin δ = Jω 2
dt

- ,$+ ') * (' !" # $ %&

 ( & . " '() / 0 1
EV Pi = Pm0 ' .
Pm0 = sin δ 0
X

5 δ = δ 0 + ∆δ Pm = Pm0 + ∆Pm '. 4+# D $

d 2δ d 2 (δ 0 + ∆δ )
4 Pi − Pm = M 5 Pi − ( Pm0 + ∆Pm ) = M
dt 2 dt 2
d 2δ 0 d 2 ∆δ
Pi − Pm0 − ∆Pm = M 2
+M
dt dt 2
0 0
d 2 ∆δ
− ∆Pm = M
dt 2
d 2 ∆δ
M 2
+ ∆Pm = 0 6
dt
.A ) ∆δ C A .? ∆Pm J
 %& ( & . " '() / 0 1
EV
Pm = sin δ
X
EV EV EV d sin δ
Pm0 + ∆Pm = sin(δ 0 + ∆δ ) = sin δ 0 + × |δ 0 ∆δ
X X X dt
Pmax

EV
∆Pm = cos δ 0 ∆δ = Pmax cos δ 0 ∆δ 7
X

d 2 ∆δ
6 7 M 2
+ Pmax cos δ 0 ∆δ = 0
dt
− Pmaxcosδ0
e H ^" ( MS + Pmax cos δ 0 )∆δ = 0
2
S =±
M
 %& ( & . " '() / 0 1
− Pmax cos δ 0 ' = ` `$+
S =±
M
p .A K @5 ! [ Pmax cos δ 0 3 3
`f 5 ; [ < `f - ; NN 5
: &g ) I -! ) % ! ! )Q
δ
% )" ! " , 5)

T ? 5 .A K @5 ! `f Pmax cos δ 0 3
.)+ . < ) ? M T 3 , ) ( ! ! 4+0
% .A "! + $ = ) ) . M<
 4(5 . 2 * +# (3
%

`A ) 3 h . I Y & , ) $ . [3
, ) $ I , ,80 D .? M ! I -5 I % i
%. 8I D R+. A , `) , j J 8 0 .)

d 2δ
4 Pi − Pm = M 2 # <) 73 2 dδ dt 7 da S
dt

2dδ d 2δ 2dδ
( Pi − Pm )dt = ( M 2 ) dt
dt dt dt

2
2 dδ
( Pi − Pm)dδ = 8
M dt
 %& 4(5 .

" X dδ , ) X ! A -D
T, + % ! ? 53 7 δ2 δ 1
= ) ) ! & k 7# < ) , ) 3
$+ / 7 0 P N7 2 ? & .? $
%. 1 -D 53 7=
δ3
8 ( Pi − Pm )dδ = 0
δ1
 %& 4(5 .

L A X E [
A2
Pi Pm
A1

P0

δ1 δ2 δ3

δ2 δ3 δ2 δ3
( Pi − Pm ) dδ + ( Pi − Pm ) dδ = 0 ( Pi − Pm )dδ = − ( Pi − Pm )dδ
δ1 δ2 δ1 δ2

δ2 δ3
( Pi − Pm )dδ = ( Pm − Pi )dδ A1=A2
δ1 δ2
A1<A2 ) &
A1 area A2 area A1>A2 E: ) -
 /6

' 6 [ = K @5 7 , - + 0

Xd = 0 . 8 PU X ′d = 0 . 3 PU
& ) -`! + E: ) - Ef=1PU " !. + d0 R+,
% "!

l E: ) - + + D)# D + 8 , + 53 f 1*
L NX 5)

+ - , D)# D + R ) 3) , + 53 f 1a
L )D R+ ) + + 8L NX !l , -
 7

Vt E f 1 1*
sin δ = 1 T= ( PU ) = = 1.25
Xd 0.8

a !m " ? a !m A ) n + #D I & f 1a
% ! A ") 3
T
A2
TL X ′d +
A1 3.33 sin δ
E′ Vt
-

δ1 π − δ1 δ
23 # $
 %& 7

E ′V E ′V
P= sin δ T= sin δ
X ′d ωX ′d

E ′ = E − X ′dI a Ia=0 E ′ = E = 1PU

1
T= sin δ = 3.33 sin δ
1 × 0 .3

8 δ 1 +. ? & < - " ` R A2 A1 G

δ1
A1 = TL δ 1 − (3.33 sin δ )dδ = (3.33 sin δ 1 )δ 1 + 3.33(cos δ 1 − 1)
0
π −δ 1
A2 = (3.33 sin δ )dδ − TL (π − 2δ 1 ) = (6.66 cos δ 1 ) − (3.33 sin)(π − 2δ 1 )
δ1
 %& 7

A1=A2 δ 1 = 46.5 TL = 3.33 sin δ 1 = 2.42( pu)

+ 7 X ? R+ ) + D) +
! ! -+