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Detailed Solutions

ESE-2019 Civil Engineering


Mains Test Series Test No : 5
Section A : Flow of Fluids, Hydraulic Machines and Hydro Power
Q.1 (a) Solution:
A = Area of pipe cross section

π
= × (0.1) 2 = 7.854 × 10 −3 m 2
4
Q1 = Inlet discharge = V1A
= 2.0 × 7.854 × 10–3 = 0.0157 m3/s
Q2 = Outlet discharge = V2A
= 1.2 × 7.854 × 10–3 = 0.00943 m3/s
(i) Qe = Discharge emitted through walls of the porous pipe
= Q1 – Q2
= 0.01571 – 0.0094248
= 0.00628 m3/s
(ii) Surface area of emission, Ae = πDL
= π × 0.1 × 2.0 = 0.628 m2
Qe
Ve = Velocity of emission = A
e

6.28 × 10 −3
= = 0.01 m/s
0.628
Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 11
Q.1 (b) Solution:
(i)
In a forced vortex, mass of fluid is rotated with an external torque, which results in
increase in pressure. Centrifugal pump works on the principle of forced vortex flow. In
forced vortex flow, water rotates with a constant angular velocity. Flow on impeller of
pump also rotates with constant angular velocity, which imparts energy to water in the
form of centrifugal head. At the starting of pump
U 22 − U 12 = 2gHm
2 2
⇒  πD2N   πD1N  = 2gHm
  − 
60   60 
which is similar to forced vortex flow equation
ω2(r12 – r02) = 2gZ
Thus on the principle of forced vortex, mechanical energy is converted into pressure
energy in centrifugal pumps.
(ii)
For given flow,
Diameter, D = 100 mm = 0.1 m
Discharge, Q = 0.036 m3/s
0.036
Velocity, V = = 4.58 m/s
π
× ( 0.1 )
2
4
VD 4.58 × 0.1
Reynold’s number, Re = = = 458000 > 4000
ν 10 −6
(Turbulent flow)
0.221
(a) Friction factor, f = 0.0032 +
Re 0.237
0.221
= 0.0032 + = 0.01326
( 458000 )0.237
(b) For smooth pipe,
f 0.01326
Shear velocity, V* = V = 4.58 = 0.1865 m/s
8 8
Laminar sub-layer thickness,

11.6 ν 11.6 × 10 −6
δ′ = = = 6.22 × 10 −5 m
V* 0.1865

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Q.1 (c) Solution:


Rectangular channel,
Q2 A3
At critical flow, =
g T
V2 A by
⇒ g = = =y
T b
V2 y 3
∴ Specific energy, E = y + 2 g = y + 2 = 2 y

Hence, specific energy = 1.5 × Depth of flow


Trapezoidal channel,
y
A = y (b + my) 1
m
T = b + 2my
b
V2 A y( b + my )
At critical flow, g = T = b + 2 ym < y

V2 y V2 3
∴ 2g < 2 and E = y + 2 g < 2 y

2
Therefore, depth of flow y > × Specific energy
3
2
Thus depth of flow at critical state will be greater than times the specific energy.
3
Q.1 (d) Solution:
Weight of tank = Surface area of tank × weight of sheet per unit area
= (0.6 × 12.5 + 0.7 × 12.5 + 0.6 × 0.7) × 2 × 363
= 12102.42 N

M
0.6 m
G

0.141 m B

12102.42
Volume of water displaced = = 1.2337 m 3
9810

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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 13

Volume displaced 1.2337


Depth of immersion of tank = = = 0.141 m
Bottom area 0.7 × 12.5

Distance between centre of gravity (G) and centre of buoyancy (B)


0.141
BG = 0.3 − = 0.2295 m
2
I
Metacentric height MG = − BG
V
1 1 2
bd 3 d
⇒ 12 − 0.2295 = 12 − 0.2295
MG =
bd × 0.141 0.141

1 (0.7) 2
= × − 0.2295 = 0.06 m
12 0.141
Since the metacentric height is positive and thus, the tank will float in stable equilibrium.

Q.1 (e) Solution:


In this case, the free surface does not tilt at the middle length. As there is no spill that
volume of water and air volume are conserved.
In the figure, RS is the original water surface. After acceleration of ax = 2.4 m/s2, the
water surface slope is

ax 2.4
tan θ = = = 0.2446
g 9.81

θ = 13.75°
P
x
M
A D
0.6 m θ Air
R S
y

1.2 m Water N
ax

C
6.0 m

As there is no spill of water, the air space will remain same as at start.
Air space volume, V = 0.6 × 6.0 × 2 = 7.2 m3
Let MN be the new water surface at an inclination of θ to the horizontal. If MD = x and
DN = y, B = breadth of the tank.

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y = x tan θ
1 1
V = xyB = x 2 B tan θ
2 2
1 2
7.2 = x × 2 × 0.2446
2

7.2
x2 = = 29.436
0.2446
x = 5.4255 m and y = 1.327 m
Hence, CN = Depth of water in the front
= 1.80 – 1.327
= 0.473 m
AM = 6.0 – 5.4255 = 0.5745 m
AP = AM tanθ = 0.5745 × 0.2446
= 0.1405 m
The pressure profile on the top is represented by the triangle APM extending over the
width. Pressure force on the top.
1 
F 1 =  × AP × AM × Breadth  γ
2
1
= × 0.1405 × 0.5745 × 2.0 × 9.8
2
= 0.791 kN

AM
The force atcs vertically upwards at = 0.1915 m from A at the mid-width section.
3

Q.2 (a) Solution:


T (Resisting)
V Fixed cylinder
Velocity Radius 0.3 m
distribution

T (Driving)

X X X X
h 0.2
5m

Olive oil

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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 15
The surface area of the outer cylinder is larger than that of the inner one, since the former
has a larger radius. Accordingly the shear force and the velocity gradient at the outer
cylinder will be less than the respectively quantities on the inner one. The velocity profile
through the fluid will be non-linear as indicated in the figure, since the gap between the
inner and outer cylinders is comparatively larger.
The torque of 4.9 Nm is transmitted from inner cylinder to the outer one through fluid
friction (viscous effect). Let r be the radial distance of any fluid layer in the annular
space.
Then 4.9 = τ × ( 2 πrl ) × r = τ· ( 2 πr )( 2 ) r [∵ l = 2 m given ]
2 du
= τ 4 πr = µ · 4 πr 2
dy

du 4.9 4.9 100 7.96


∴ = = −
= = 2
dy 2 2
4 πr µ 4 πr × 4.9 × 10 2
4 πr 2
r
The velocity gradients at the inner and outer cylinders are
 du  7.96
 dy  i = 2
= 127.4 sec −1
(0.25)
 du  7.96
and  dy  o = 2
= 88.4 sec −1
(0.30)

du
Substituting (–dr) for dy in the equation for since velocity decreases as r increases i.e.
dy

y = R – r ⇒ dy = –dr
V 0.25
dr
∴ V = ∫ du = −7.96 ∫ 2
0 0.30 r
∴ Velocity of inner cylinder,
0.25
 1
V = 7.96   = 5.31 m/s
r 0.30
∴ Rotational speed of inner cylinder,
V 5.31
ω = = = 21.24 rad/sec
r 0.25
60ω 60 × 21.24
∴ RPM, n = = = 202.8 rpm
2π 2π
The power dissipated in fluid friction

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2 πNT 2 π × 202.8 × 4.9


= =
60 60
= 104.06 Nm/s  104.0 W

Q.2 (b) Solution:


From the free-vortex law,
Vu1· r1 = Vu 2· r2 = Vu· r

According to the data given,


V f 2 = 2 m/s, Vu2 = 12 m/s, D2 = 37.5 cm, D = 45 cm

At the periphery of the shroud (vortex chamber), let the tangential velocity be Vu and
the radial velocity Vf. Then
Vu 2· r2 12 × 37.5 / 2
Vu = = = 10 m/s
r 45 / 2
∴ Discharge, Q = πD2 b 2V f 2 = πDbV f
Since the shroud is cylindrical, b = b2

D2 37.5
∴ Vf = V f 2· = 2× = 1.67 m/s
D 45
To determine increase in pressure within the shroud, apply Bernoulli’s equation between
the outlet of impeller and the periphery of shroud (given there is no loss)

p V2 p 2 V22
∴ + = +
γ 2g γ 2g

where, V = V f2 + Vu2 = ( 1.67 )2 + ( 10 )2 = 10.14 m/s

V2 = V f2 + Vu2 =
2 2
( 2 )2 + ( 12 )2 = 12.17 m/s

p − p 2 V22 − V 2
∴ Pressure rise = =
γ 2g

=
( 12.17 ) 2 − ( 10.14) 2 = 2.31 m of water
2 × 9.81
Q.2 (c) Solution:
(i)
Since viscous forces are important so

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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 17
(Re)m = (Re)p

 ρVL   ρVL 
 µ  =  µ 
m p

ρrVrLr = µr
µr
Lr = ...(i)
ρ rVr
Since surface tension forces are important
(We)m = (We)p

   
   
V  V 
 
 =  σ 
σ   
  L × ρ p
 L × ρ m 

 
 
 Vr 
 σr  = 1
 
 Lr ρr 

Vr L r ρ r = σr

Vr2 Lr ρ r = σ r
σr
Lr = ...(ii)
ρr Vr2
By eq. (i) and (ii)
µr σr
=
ρ r Vr ρr Vr2

µ rVr
= 1
σr
If the same liquid is used then
µr = 1 and σr = 1
So, Vr = 1
(ii)
For pipe,
Pipe length, L = 1100 m

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Velocity, v = 2.4 m/s


Velocity of sound in water, c = 1432 m/s
2 L 2 × 1100
Period of pressure wave, t = = = 1.536 seconds
c 1432
(i) For time of closure, tc = 1 seconds
As tc < t, it is a case of sudden closure
KE of water before closure = Stored strain energy
1 2 2
mv F = P ( AL)
2 2K
1 2
⇒ ρALv 2 = P ( AL)
2 2K
k
⇒ P = v ρk = vρ ρ = ρcv = 1000 × 1432 × 2.4

= 343.68 × 104 N/m2


(ii) For time to closure, tc = 5 seconds
as t > tc, it is case of gradual closure
mv
Force, F = t
c
ρ ( AL ) v
PA = tc
ρvL 1000 × 2.4 × 1100
Rise in pressure, P = t = 5 = 52.8 × 104 N/m2
c

Q.3 (a) Solution:


u1
α1
β1 = 90°

Vr1 V1 = Vf
1

Inlet

πD1N π × 1.2 × 250


u1 = = = 15.7 m/s
60 60
As β1 = 90°, and V1 = Vf1 = 3.5 m/s

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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 19

1V 3.5
tan α1 = u = 15.7 = 0.2229
1

(i) α1 = 12.57°
V1
Vr1 = Absolute velocity at entry = sin α
1

3.5
= sin(12.57°) = 16.082 m/s

(ii) Discharge, Q = π D1 b1 Vf1


= π × 1.2 × 0.25 × 3.5
= 3.299 m3/s
(iii) At out let Q = π D2 b2 Vf2
⇒ 3.299 = π × 0.6 × 0.35 × Vf2
⇒ Vf 2 = Velocity of flow at outlet
= 5 m/s
Q.3 (b) Solution:
Applying momentum principle to control volume contained by sections (1) and (2) and
the channel perimeter neglecting the force due to channel friction.
1 2

y2
ys
P2
P1 y1

Submerged hydraulic jump

γqb  q q 
− = P1 – P2
g  y 2 y 1 

γbq 2  y1 − y2  1 1
⇒  y y  = bγ y s2 − b γ y 22
g 1 2 2 2
in which the velocities have been substituted using the continuity equation,
q = v1y1 = v2y2

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Simplifying, we obtain an equation governing the parameters influencing the submerged


hydraulic jump which is,

2q 2  y 1 − y 2  2 2
= ys − y 2
g  y 1 y 2 

Dividing equation (i) throughout by y 12 ,


2 2
2q 2  y 1   ys   y2 
 − 1 =   −
gy 13  y 2  y1   y 
1

q2
Substituting F12 for
gy 13
2 2
 y1   ys   y2 
2 F12  y − 1 =  y  −  y 
2  1  1

2
ys  y1   y2 
⇒ = 2 F12  y − 1 +  y 
y1 2 1

Q.3 (c) Solution:


(i)
Local acceleration: It is the rate of change of fluid velocity at a point with respect to
time. If it is zero, then flow is called steady.
Convective acceleration: It is the rate of change of fluid velocity due to change in the
position. If it is zero, then flow is called uniform.
For a 3D, unsteady flow
   
 ∂V ∂V ∂V ∂V
Acceleration, a = u +v +w +
∂x ∂y ∂z ∂t



Convective acceleration Local acceleration
For a one dimensional flow V (x, t)
V = V (x, t)
∂V ∂V
∂V = dx + dt
∂x ∂t
 ∂V dx ∂V dt
∴ a = × + ×
∂x dt ∂t dt
∂V ∂V
= u +
∂x
 ∂t

Convective acceleration Local acceleration

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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 21

(ii)
Energy line

B1 B2
y1 y2 = yc
2

2 ∆Z
1 Plan
L - Section

Discharge, Q = 10.0 m3/s


10.0
Upstream section, A1 = = 8 m2
1.25
8.0
y1 = = 1.538 m
5.2
q1 = y1 V1
= 1.538 × 1.25 = 1.9225 m3/s/m
V1 = 1.25 m/s
V12 (1.25) 2
= = 0.0796 m
2g 2 × 9.81

V12
Specific energy, E1 = y 1 + 2g
= 1.538 + 0.0796

= 1.6176 m
V1 1.25
Froude number, F1 = = = 0.3218 < 1
gy 1 9.81 × 1.538
∴ The flow is sub critical
Q 10.0
Downstream section, q2 = B = 3.0 = 3.333 m3/s/m
2
Critical depth at contracted section,
yC 2 = [q22 / g]1/3
1/3
 (3.333) 2 
=  9.81  = 1.042 m
 
If ∆Z = height of the hump needed to cause critical flow at section 2, by energy
equation between sections 1 and 2

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22 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES

E1 = ∆Z + Ec = ∆Z + 1.5yC 2 (∵ Ec = 1.5 yc )
1.6176 = ∆Z + (1.5 × 1.0424)
∆ Z = 0.05415  0.054 m
Required height of hump is 0.055 m
Q.4 (a) Solution:
(i)
3
u 3  y 1  y
U∞
=   –   ...(i)
2 δ 2 δ

Q ρvdA
Mean velocity, V = =
A A

U∞

dy

u y

Discharge through the unit width element of thickness dy


dA = 1 × dy
⇒ A= 1×δ=δ
δ δ 3 δ
3  y 1  y  3 y2 1 1 y4 
∫ u ( dy × 1) U ∞ ∫  2  δ  – 2  δ   dy U ∞ 

– × 3
 2 2 δ 2 4 δ  0
0 0
δ
= δ
=
Vavg = δ
∫ ( dy × 1) ∫ dy
0 0

3 1  1  5
Vavg = U ∞  δ – δ  × =   U ∞
4 8 δ 8
Since, kinetic energy correction factor,
δ
∫ u (dy × 1)
3

α= 0
3
AVavg

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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 23

δ 33
3  y 1  y
∫  2  δ  – 2  δ   dy

0
α= 3
 5
  δ
8
δ
27  y 3  1  y 9  9  y2  1  y3  3  y  1  y6 
∫ 8  δ 3  8  δ 9 
– – 3 × ×
4  δ 2  2  δ 3 
+ 3 ×  
2  δ  4  δ 6 
0
dy
α= 3
 5
  δ
8
δ
 27  y 4  1  y 10  27  y 6  9  y 8  
  3 – × – + 
8 8  10δ 9  8  6δ 5  8  8δ 7  
  4δ  0
α= 3
 5
δ× 
 8
3
 27 1 27 9  δ  8 
α=  – – + × 
 32 80 48 64  δ  5 
α = 1.677
(ii)
Reynolds number at the trailing edge is
UL 6.0 × 0.45
ReL = = −4
= 3.0 × 10 4 (∵ 1 stoke = 10–4 m2/s)
v 0.9 × 10
Since ReL is less than Re(crit) = 5.0 × 105 therefore, the boundary layer is laminar.
(i) Boundary layer thickness:
δ 5.0
=
x Re x
At the trailing edge, x = L = 0.45 m
UL 6.0 × 0.45
δL = = −4
= 3.0 × 10 4
v 0.9 × 10
= 0.01299 m = 1.3 cm
(ii) Shear stress at the trailing edge, τL

ρU 2 ρU 2  0.664 
τL = C =
2  Re L 
fL
2

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24 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES

0.925 × 1000 2 0.664


= × (6) × = 63.8 N/m2
2 3 × 10 4
(iii) Drag on one side of the plate
FD = CDf (L.B)ρU 2/2
1.328 1.328
where, CDf = = = 7.667 × 10 −3
Re L 3 × 10 4

0.925 × 100
∴ FD = (7.667 × 10–3) × (0.45 × 0.15) × × 62
2
= 8.617 N
On both sides of the plate, drag force
F2D = 2 × FD = 2 × 8.617
= 17.23 N
Q.4 (b) Solution:
Let the equation of the parabola be x2 = Ky
Crown
O
X
E C J D
F

Level of 2.5 m
2m
springings

A H B
4.5 m

when y = 2.5 m, x = 4.5 m

∴ K =
( 4.5) 2 = 8.1
2.5
∴ At y = 2.5 – 2.0 = 0.5 m
x = 8.1 × 0.5 = 2.01 m
Buoyant force = Weight of water displaced by the arch
= Weight of volume (ACE + BDF)
2 2
Area of parabola AOB = × AB × OH = × 9 × 2.5 = 1.5 m 2
3 3
2
Area of parabola COD = × 4.02 × 0.5 = 1.34 m 2
3

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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 25
∴ Area of balance portion ACJDB = 15 – 1.34 = 13.66 m2
∴ Area (AEC + BDF) = 9 × 2 – 13.66 = 4.34 m2
∴ Volume of water displaced = 4.34 × 6 = 26.04 m3
Force tending to lift the bridge = 9810 × 26.04 N = 255452.4 N  255.5 N

Q.4 (c) Solution:


(i)
Bulk Modulus: It is a measure of compressibility of a fluid. It is a ratio of change in
pressure to change in volume per unit volume. In other words, it is the ratio of pressure
to volumetric strain.
∆P
Bulk modulus, k =
 ∆V 
 − 
V 
SI unit of bulk modulus of elasticity is N/m2 i.e., Pascal (Pa).

Factors affecting bulk modulus of elasticity of a fluid :


1. As pressure of fluid increases, bulk modulus of elasticity of fluid increases.
2. With increase in temperature of a liquid, the bulk modulus of liquid decreases.
3. With increase in temperature of a gas, the bulk modulus of gas increases.
In case of liquids the bulk modulus of elasticity is very high. So even with very large
increase in pressure, change in volume is very small, so liquids are considered
incompressible.
(ii)
1 2

Energy headline hf

V12 /2 g
Water Surface V22 /2 g

y1 V1 y2
Channel bottom V2

Z1
Arbitrary datum Z2

Applying energy equation between sections (1) and (2) gives,

V12 V22
Z1 + y 1 + = Z2 + y 2 + + hf ...(i)
2g 2g
Difference in the water surface elevation between (1) and (2)

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∆y = (Z1 + y1) – (Z2 + y2)


Substituting this equation (i),
V12 V22
∆y + = + hf
2g 2g

Q 2 /A12 Q 2 /A22
⇒ ∆y + = + hf
2g 2g

Q2  1 1 
⇒ ∆y – hf = 2 g  2 − 2 
 A2 A1 

⇒ Q = A2
(
2 g ∆y − h f )
2
A 
1− 2
 A1 

Section B : Design of Concrete and Masonry Structures-1 + Strength of Materials-2


Q.5 (a) Solution:
For anchorage bond stress not to exceed its design value, the following condition at the
point of inflection should be satisfied.
Mu
Ld ≤ + L0
Vu
0.87 f y φ
where, Ld =
4 τ bd
τbd = 1.2 × 1.6 = 1.92 N/mm2
0.87 × 415 × 20
∴ Ld = = 940 mm
4 × 1.92
Mu = Ultimate moment of resistance of the section at the
point of inflection
= 0.36 fck bxu (d – 0.416 xu )
0.87 f y Ast
where, xu = 0.36 f ck b

π
Ast = 3 × × 20 2 = 942 mm 2
4
0.87 × 415 × 942
∴ xu = = 157.458 mm
0.36 × 20 × 300

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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 27
and xu,lim = 0.48d (for Fe415)
= 0.48 × 500
= xu < 240 mm
Therefore it is an under reinforced section and the computed value of xu is correct.
Hence, Mu = 0.36 × 20 × 300 × 157.458 × (500 – 0.416 × 157.458)Nmm
= 147.56 kNm
L 0 = d or 12 φ whichever is more
= 500 or 12 × 20 mm whichever is greater = 500 mm
Mu 6
∴ + L0 = 147.56 × 10 + 500
Vu 300 × 1000
= 991.87 mm > Ld (= 940 mm)
Therefore the bond stress at the point of inflection is within the safe limit.

Q.5 (b) Solution:


The assumptions made while analyzing the reinforced concrete beam using Limit State
of Flexure as per IS 456:2000 Code are as follows:
1. Plane sections normal to the beam axis remain plane after bending, i.e., in an initially
straight beam, strain varies linearly over the depth of the section. Thus, strain
diagram is linear.
2. The maximum compressive strain in concrete at the outermost fiber (ε cu ) is taken
as 0.0035, regardless of whether the beam is under-reinforced or over-reinforced,
because collapse invariably occurs by the crushing of concrete.
3. IS 456: 2000 allows the use of any other possible shape of the stress-strain curve of
concrete which results in substantial agreement with the results of the tests on
reinforced concrete.
4. For design purposes, compressive strength of concrete may be assumed as 0.67
times the characteristic strength of concrete. The partial safety factor of γ c = 1.5
shall be applied in addition to this.
5. The tensile strength of concrete is ignored i.e. not taken into account. Cl. B-1.3(b)
of IS 456: 2000 states that all tensile stresses are to be taken up by reinforcement
and none by concrete, except as otherwise specifically permitted.
6. The stress in reinforcement is derived from representative stress-strain curve for
the type of steel used.
7. For design purpose, the partial safety factor for steel is taken as γ s = 1.15 i.e. design

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fy
stress of steel = = 0.87 f y
1.15

8. The maximum strain (ε st ) in the tension reinforcement at the level of centroid of


reinforcement steel at the ultimate limit state shall not be less than ε*st which is
defined as:

0.87 f y
ε*st = + 0.002
Es

Q.5 (c) Solution:


For first specimen in pure tension,
By maximum shear stress theory,
σ1 − 0 σy − 0
=
2 2(FOS)
σy
⇒ σ1 =
FOS
70 × 10 3
But σ1 = π = 207.42 N/mm 2

4
(
37.5 2 − 31.25 2 )
250
∴ 207.42 =
FOS
⇒ FOS = 1.205
For second specimen in pure torsion,
σ 1 = τ, σ2 = –τ
σ1 − σ2 σy − 0
∴ =
2 2(FOS)
σy
⇒ τ – (–τ) =
FOS
σy
⇒ 2τ =
FOS
16T1 16 × T1 × 10 6
τ = =
( )
But
πD 3 1 − k 4   31.25  
4
π × 37.5 3  1 − 
  37.5  

= 186.534T1 N/mm2

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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 29

250
∴ 2 × 186.534 T1 =
1.205
⇒ T 1 = 0.556115 kNm
⇒ T 1 = 556.12 Nm
For third specimen in combined torsion and bending,

(
16 M + M 2 + T2 2 )
σ1 =
(
πD3 1 − k 4 )

σ2 =
(
16 M − M 2 + T2 2 )
(
πD3 1 − k 4 )
σ1 − σ2 σy − 0
∴ = 2 FOS
2 ( )

(
16 2 M 2 + T2 2 ) σy
⇒ 3
πD 1 − k ( 4
) =
FOS

32 M 2 + T2 2 250
⇒ =
(
πD3 1 − k 4 ) 1.205

250 × π × 37.5 3   31.25  


4
⇒ 2 2 = × 1 −  
M + T2
1.205 × 32   37.5  

⇒ M 2 + T 22 = 3.0926 × 10 11

⇒ (350 × 103)2 + T 22 = 3.0926 × 1011


⇒ T 2 = 432.16 Nm
Q.5(d) Solution:
ΣFy = 0; RA + RB = P ...(i)
ΣMB = 0; RA × 4a – P × 2a = 0
P
⇒ RA =
2
P
Hence, RB =
2
Total strain energy, U = 2 [U AC + UCD + U DG ]
Portion AC:

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30 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES

P
Mx = x where x is measured from A
2
2
P 
x dx
2
M dx a  2  P2 a 2 P 2a3
∴ UAC = ∫ 2 EI
=∫
0 2 EI
=
8 EI ∫0
x dx =
24 EI
Portion CD:
y y

Pa
2
C

P
2

Pa
My =
2
2
 Pa 
  dy
∴ UCD = a  2 
∫0 2 EI where y is measured from C
P 2 a2 a P 2a3
=
8 EI ∫0 dy = 8 EI
Portion DG:
P x
2

D x
Pa
2

P Pa P
Mx = x+ = ( x + a ) where x is measured from D
2 2 2
2
P
a  2
( x + a ) dx P 2 a

UDG = ∫0 ( x + a ) 2 dx
8 EI ∫0
∴ =
2 EI

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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 31

a
P 2  (x + a) 
3  8a 3 a 3 
P2 7 P 2a3
=   = 8 EI  −  =
8 EI  3   3 3  24 EI
 0

 P 2a3 P 2a3 7 P 2a3 


∴ Total strain energy, U = 
2 + + 
 24 EI 8 EI 24 EI 

11 P 2 a 3
⇒ U=
12 EI

∂U 11  2 Pa 3  11 Pa 3
∴ δG = =
∂P 12  EI 
=
6 EI
↓ ( )
Q.5 (e) Solution:
Given, State of stress, σx = 25 N/mm2
σ y = –75 N/mm2
We have to find what τxy is safe, if σ1 ≤ 40 N/mm2 (tension), σ 2 ≤ 110 N/mm2
(compression) and τmax >/ 55 N/mm2.
The above three conditions are to be independently satisfied.
2
σx + σy  σx − σy 
Now, σ1 = +   + τ 2xy ≤ 40 (tension)
2  2 
In the limiting case
2
25 + ( −75 )  25 − ( −75 )  2
40 = +   + τ xy
2  2

⇒ 40 = −25 + 50 2 + τ 2xy

2
⇒ τ 2xy =  40 − ( −25) − 50 2 = 1725

⇒ τxy = ±41.533 N/mm2


Note that the limiting case of σ1 = 40 N/mm2 will occur for both the τxy values of
41.533 N/mm2 and –41.533 N/mm2. But the planes of failure will be different.

2
σx + σy  σx − σy 
σ2 = −   + τ 2xy ≤ 110 (compression)
2  2 

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In the limiting case,


2
25 + ( −75 )  25 − ( −75 ) 
–110 = −   + τ 2xy
2  2 

⇒ –110 = −25 − 50 2 + τ 2xy

⇒ –85 = − 50 2 + τ 2xy

⇒ –(85)2 = 50 2 + τ 2xy

τxy = ± 85 2 − 50 2 = ±68.7386 N/mm 2  ±68.74 N/mm 2

2
 σx − σy 
Also, τmax =   + τ 2xy ≤ 55
2 

2
 25 − ( −75)  2
⇒   + τ xy ≤ 55
2

⇒ 50 2 + τ 2xy = (55)2

⇒ τxy = ± 55 2 − 50 2 = ± 22.91 N/mm 2


∴ The permissible value of τxy is different for different limiting criteria, namely,
|τ xy| ≤ 41.53 N/mm2 if σ1 ≤ 40 N/mm2

≤ 68.74 N/mm2 if σ2 ≥ –110 N/mm2


≤ 22.91 N/mm2 if τmax >/ 55 N/mm2
Hence, the maximum safe value of τxy is only 22.91 N/mm2

Q.6 (a) Solution:


Tu = 40 kNm
The design of beam subjected to torsion with flexure and shear shall depend on whether
Vue ≤ Vuc or Vur or Vue > Vuc where,

1.6Tu 40
Vue = Vu + = 50 + 1.6 × = 263.33 kN
b 0.3
and Vuc = τuc bd

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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 33

Vue 263.33 × 10 3
∴ τue = = = 1.76 N/mm 2
bd 300 × 500
Equivalent bending moment,
Mue = Mu ± Mut

D 535
1+ 1+
b = 40 × 300 = 65.49 kNm
where, Mut = Tu
1.7 1.7

[Assuming 35 mm effective cover]


As Mu < Mut, therefore design shall be made for equivalent moments Mue1 and Mue2
determined by,
Mue1 = Mu + Mut = 50 + 65.49 = 115.49 kNm
and Mue2 = Mu – Mut = 50 – 65.49 = –15.49 kNm
The design of section for moment may result as singly or doubly reinforced which may
be ascertained by comparing the equivalent moment (Mue1) with the ultimate moment
of resistance of singly reinforced balanced section (Mu,lim).
Mu,l = 0.138 fck bd 2
= 0.138 × 20 × 300 (500)2
= 207 kNm > Mue1 (= 115.49 kNm)
Therefore it is a singly under reinforced section.
M ue1 115.49 × 10 6
R = 2
= 2
= 1.54 N/mm 2
bd 300 × 500
pt Ast f  R 
∴ = = ck  1 − 1 − 4.598 f 
100 bd 2 fy  ck 

100 × 20  1.54 
⇒ pt =  1 − 4.598 ×  = 0.473%
2 ( 415 )  20 
0.473
∴ Ast = × 300 × 500 = 709.5 mm 2
100
Provide 4 nos - 16 mm diameter bars.
Design of reinforcement for moment Mue2 can be made by considering steel beam theory
as the reinforcement at bottom for Mue1 shall form moment couple.
M ue 2
∴ As =
0.87 f y ( d − d ′ )

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where d′ = clear cover of 25 mm + assumed diameter of 20 mm of top reinforcement/2


= 35 mm

15.49 × 10 6
Hence, As = = 92.26 mm 2
0.87 × 415 × ( 500 − 35 )
Provide 2 × 12 mm φ bars (As = 226 mm2) at the top
τuc = 0.49152 N/mm2 from table given in the question.
π
4×× 16 2
4 = 0.536%
p =
300 × 500
∴ Vuc = 0.49152 × 300 × 500 N = 73.728 kN
and Vuc,max = τ c ,max· bd

= 0.625 f ck · bd

= 0.625 20· (300) 500 = 419.26 kN


Since Vuc < Vue < Vuc,max, therefore shear reinforcement shall be provided for equivalent
shear force and the longitudinal reinforcement as determined above for equivalent
moment is correct. Let shear reinforcement of 8 mm φ 2-legged vertical stirrups is
provided, (Asv = 100 mm2) at spacing Sv given by,
0.87 f y Asv b1 d 1 0.87 f y Asv d
S v = smaller of or >/ Su ,max
Tu + 0.4Vu b1 Vue − Vuc
where, b1 = 300 – 25 – 25 – 8 – 8 – 18 = 216 mm
12
d 1 = 500 – 25 – 8 – = 461 mm
2
Sv,max =
 (i) x1 = 300 – 25 – 25 – 8 = 242 mm


 ( x1 + y 1 ) = ( 242 + 484) = 181.5mm
 (ii) 4 4
min. of 

 8 18 8
where y1 = 500 – 25 – + + = 484 mm
 2 2 2

 (iii) 0.75d = 0.75 × 500 = 375 mm
 (iv) 300 mm
= 181.5 mm

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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 35
Therefore 8 mm φ 2-legged vertical stirrups at spacing of 90 mm c/c may be provided.
τ us v Vusu
∴ Asv = +
(
b1 d1 0.87 f y ) (
2.5d1 0.87 f y )
π  40 × 10 3 50 × 10 3 
⇒ 2× × 82 =  +  sv
4  216 ( 461) 0.87 ( 415 ) 2.5 ( 461 ) 0.87 ( 415 ) 
⇒ sv = 828.96 mm
Also,
bs v
Asv ≥ ( τ ue − τ uc )
0.87 f y
π 300s v
⇒ 2× × 8 2 ≥ ( 1.76 − 0.49152 )
4 0.87(415)
⇒ sv ≤ 95.38 mm
Design for side face reinforcement
As the depth of beam > 450 mm, so provide side face reinforcement of 0.1% of gross area
on both sides.
0.1
(Ast) side face = × 300 × 535 = 160.5 mm 2 on both sides
100
∴ Side face reinforcement on each side = 80.25 mm2
So provide 1 bar of 12 mm φ side face reinforcement on each side.

300 mm
25 25
25

2 × 12 φ
2 × 12 φ
500
2L-8 φ@ 90 mm c/c
3 × 18 φ

25
300 mm
Cross-sectional details

Q.6 (b) Solution:


(i)
Outward radial force to which ring beam is subjected = 25 kN/m = 25000 N/m

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36 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES

We know,
Permissible tensile stress in members under direct tension (σs)
= 150 N/mm2 (for Fe415)
25000
∴ Area of steel required = = 166.67 mm 2
150
166.67
Use 8 mm bars, number of rings required = = 3.32  4 (say)
π 2
(8)
4
∴ Provide 4 rings of 8 mm φ bars for symmetry.
π 2
∴Actual area of steel provided (Ash) = (8) × 4 = 201 mm 2
4
Equivalent area of cross-section of composite section of beam of area of cross-section
A is (A + (m – 1)Ash)
= A + (m – 1) × 201
= A + (11 – 1) × 201 = (A + 2010) mm2
∵ Allowable stress in tension in concrete = 1.2 N/mm2 in composite section,
We have,
25000
= 1.2
A + 2010
⇒ A = 18823.33 mm2
Hence, provide a ring beam of size = 170 × 120 mm
Provide 6 mm φ stirrups @ 200 mm c/c to tie the rings in the ring beam.
(ii)
1. Anchorage length in tension
Design stress for mild steel, σs = 0.87 fy
= 0.87 × 250 = 217.5 N/mm2
Bond stress, τbd = 1.2 N/mm2
Anchorage length = Development length
φ × 0.87 f y φ × 217.5
Ld = = = 45.31 φ
4τ bd 4 × 1.2
2. Anchorage length in compression
Design stress for mild steel, σs = 0.87 fy = 217.5 N/mm2

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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 37
Bond stress, τbd = 1.2 × 1.25 (for compression)
= 1.5 N/mm2
φ × 217.5
Ld = = 36.25 φ
4 × 1.5
Q.6 (c) Solution:

150 × 200 3 100 × 150 3


Moment of inertia, I = − = 7.1875 × 10 7 mm 4
12 12
Shear stress distribution :
Shear stress at 100 mm from NA i.e. at top and bottom faces = 0
Shear stress in flange at 75 mm from NA,
FAy
=
IB
5000 × 150 × 25 × 87.5
= 7
= 0.15 N/mm 2
7.1875 × 10 × 150
Shear stress in the web at 75 mm from NA
B 150
= 0.15 × = × 0.15 = 0.45 N/mm 2
t 2 × 25
5000 ( 150 × 25 × 87.5 + 2 × 25 × 75 × 37.5 )
Shear stress at NA = 7.1875 × 10 7 × ( 2 × 25 )
= 0.65 N/mm2
150 mm
2
25 mm 0.15 N/mm 2
0.45 N/mm

75 mm

N A 2
0.65 N/mm

75 mm

25 mm

Shear stress distribution across the section

Minimum pitch of screws connecting the flange and web planes.

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Horizontal shear stress in the web at the junction of flange and web = 0.45 N/mm2
Let pitch of screws be p mm
Consider one pitch length,
Horizontal shear force at this level for one pitch length = 0.45 × (2 × 25)p = 22.5 p Newton
Equating the horizontal shear per pitch length to the shearing strength of two bolts,
22.5p = 2 × 1250
⇒ p = 111.11 mm c/c

Q.7 (a) Solution:


6 kN
Hinge

A I
E 2I
D B C

2m 2m 2m 6m
RA RB RC

RA + RB + RC = 6 ...(i)
∑ME = 0 (from left)
⇒ 4RA = 6 × 2
⇒ RA = 3 kN ...(ii)
∑ME = 0 (from right)
⇒ 8RC + 2RB = 0
⇒ R B = –4RC ...(iii)
Using equation (i), (ii) and (iii)
RA = 3 kN
R B = 4 kN
RC = –1 kN
6 kN

E B C
A D

–6 kN

BMD

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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 39

6
EI

E B C
A D
–3
EI
–6
EI

M
diagram
EI
Now, for conjugate beam, the loading diagram is as shown below.
6
EI

2m Hinge 6m
A E B C
2m D 2m
–3
EI
RA RE –6 RC
EI

1 6 1 3 1 6
Now, R A + RE + RC + ×2× + ×6× = ×4×
2 EI 2 EI 2 EI
−3
⇒ RA + RE + RC = ...(iv)
EI
∑MB = 0 (from right)
1 3 6
⇒ RC × 6 + × ×6× = 0
2 EI 3
−3
⇒ RC = ...(v)
EI
Also, ∑MB = 0 (from left)
1 6 2 1 6 2  1 6 4 
R A × 6 + RE × 2 + × ×2× = ×2× ×  + 4 + × 2 ×  + 2
2 EI 3 2 EI  3  2 EI  3 

44
⇒ 6RA + 2RE = ...(vi)
EI
Solving equations, (iv), (v) and (vi)

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11
RA =
EI
−11
RE =
EI
−3
RC =
EI
So now, (θD)real beam = (S.F. at D)conjugate beam
1 6
⇒ (SFD) conjugate beam = R A − × ×2
2 EI
11 6 5
= − =
EI EI EI
↑ ( )
5
∴ θD = ( Clockwise )
EI
(δD)real beam = (MD)conjugate beam
1 6 2
⇒ (MD) conjugate beam = R A × 2 − × ×2×
2 EI 3
22 4 18
= − =
EI EI EI
18
∴ δD = (Downward)
EI
Since there is hinge at E, so slope at left of E will be different to slope at right of E.
⇒ (θE–)real beam = (SFE–)conjugate beam
1 6
(SFE–)conjugate beam (just left of E) = R A − × ×4
2 EI
11 12 −1
= − =
EI EI EI
↓ ( )
1
⇒ θE– = (Anti-clockwise )
EI
1 6
SFE+ (just right of E) = R A − × × 4 + RE
2 EI
11 1 6 11
= − × ×4−
EI 2 EI EI
−12
=
EI
↓ ( )

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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 41

−12
⇒ θE + = (Anticlockwise )
EI
Q.7 (b) Solution:
B t / unit length
A C
TA TC

L 2L
3 3
L

2tL
TA + TC = ...(i)
3
TA dy
2L x
3
D C
A B y
L x
3

Twisting moment diagram


TC

By property of similar triangles,


2L
x −x
= 3
TA TC
2L
⇒ TAx + TC x = TA ...(ii)
3
As both ends are fixed, so θAC = 0
⇒ θ AB + θ BD + θ DC = 0 ...(iii)
Ty dy
dθ BD =
GJ

 TA 
where, T y =  · y  where x is measured from D towards B
x
TA
x · y dy
x T x
⇒ θBD = ∫ dθ BD = ∫ GJ
= A
2GJ
0

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−TC
 2L 
y dy
 − x  2L   2L 
3   − x −Tc  − x
3   3 
Similarly, θDC = ∫ GJ
=
2GJ
0
∴ From equation (iii)
 2L 
TC  − x
TA L / 3 TA x  3 
+ − = 0
GJ 2GJ 2GJ

TAL TA x TC L TC x
⇒ + − + = 0
3 2 3 2
TA L 1  2 L 
⇒ +  T A  = TC L [from equation (ii)]
3 2 3  3

2TAL TC L
⇒ =
3 3
⇒ 2TA = TC ...(iv)
From equation (i) and (iv),
2
TA = tL
9
4
TC = tL
9
Q.7 (c) Solution:
Ultimate Bending moment, BMu = 225 kN
for Fe415, xu, lim = 0.48 d
Let us assume effective cover of 50 mm
∴ effective depth = 450 mm

dc 0.36 fck B.xu lim dc


(xu )lim
Asc A sc
d = +
d – 0.42 xu lim
Ast Ast1 Ast 2

0.87 fy . Ast1

M 1 = Mu, lim M2 = BMu – (Mu ) lim

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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 43
xu, lim = 0.48 × 450 = 216 mm
0.138 × 20 × 250 × 450 2
Mu, lim = 0.138 fck . B. d 2 = kN.m
10 6
= 139.725 kN.m
M u , lim 139.725 × 10 6
Ast = 0.87 f ( d − 0.42 x =
1 y u ,lim ) 0.87 × 415 × (450 − 0.42 × 216)

= 1077.1439 mm2
Assuming depth of compression reinforcement, dc = 50 mm
BM u − M u lim (225 − 139.725) × 10 6
Ast = =
2 0.87 f y ( d − d c ) 0.87 × 415 × (450 − 50)

= 590.4653 mm2
∴ Total tensile reinforcement, Ast = Ast1 + Ast2
⇒ Ast = 1667.6092 mm2
BMu − Mu lim
Asc = ( f − 0.45 f )( d − d )
sc ck c

(225 − 139.725) × 10 6
= (353 − 0.45 × 20)(450 − 50)

= 619.73 mm2
∴ Total compression reinforcement = 619.73 mm2
Let us use 20 mm – φ bars on both tension and compression side.
Ast 1667.6092
Number of bars on tension side= =
π 2 π
×φ × (20) 2
4 4

nt = 5.308 say, 6.
250 mm

50 mm

2 – 20 mm φ Fe415
450
M20
6 – 20 mm φ Fe415

50 mm

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Asc 619.73
Number of bars on compression side = π =
π
× φ2 × (20) 2
4 4

nc = 1.97 say, 2

Q.8 (a) Solution:


(i)

π
Shear resistance of 2 × 20 mm φ inclined bars (Asv = 2 × × 20 2 = 628 mm2) bent up at
4
45°,
Vusi = 0.87 fy Asv sin 45°
= 0.87 × 415 × 628 × 0.7071 N = 160.33 kN
Additional shear reinforcement consisting of 2-legged vertical stirrups shall be required
to resist a shear force of,
Vus = Vu – Vuc – Vusi
which shall not be less than 0.5 (Vu – Vuc) as IS code recommends that more than half of
(Vu – Vuc) must be resisted by vertical stirrups.
Now, Vuc = τuc bd
where τuc = 0.521 N/mm (from the table given in the question) corresponding to pt = 100
2

Ast (Area of 3 × 20 mm φ )
= 100 ×
bd bd

942
= 100 × = 0.628
( 300 × 500 )
∴ Vuc = 0.521 × 300 × 500 N = 78.15 kN
Hence, Vus = 300 – 78.15 – 160.33 but </ 0.5 × (300 – 78.15)
= 110.925 kN
Consider shear reinforcement of 8 mm φ 2-legged vertical stirrups

π
(Asv = 2 × × 8 2 = 100 mm2) at spacing Sv given by
4
0.87 f y Asv d
>/ Su ,max
Sv =
( 0.5 (Vu − Vuc ))
2.5 f y Asv
where, Su,max = >/ minimum of 0.75d and 450 mm
b
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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 45

2.5 × 415 × 100


= >/ minimum of 0.75 × 500 and 450 mm
300
= 345.83 mm
0.87 × 415 × 100 × 500
>/ 345.83 mm
∴ Sv =
(110.925 × 10 )3

= 162.75 mm  160 mm c/c (say)


∴ Provide additional shear reinforcement of 8 mm φ 2-legged vertical stirrups at a
spacing of 160 mm c/c.
(ii)
(i) Column with lateral ties :
Let emin </ 0.05D so that formula for axial load carrying capacity is applicable

πD 2
Pu = 0.4 f ck
4
( )
+ 0.67 f y − 0.4 f ck As

π 400 2 π
= 0.4 × 25 × + ( 0.67 × 415 − 0.4 × 25 ) × 6 × × 25 2 N
4 4
= 2046.11 kN
(ii) Column with spirals :
Axial load carrying capacity of the circular column with spirals when e min >/ 0.05D ,
Pu = 1.05 × ultimate load carrying capacity of the column
with lateral ties when e min >/ 0.05D
= 1.05 × 2046.11 = 2148.42 kN

Q.8 (b) Solution:


Given : 14 steps; T = 300 mm; R = 180 mm; 2 Landings = 1.25 m
Design constants: M20|Fe415 used; Q = 0.138 fck
Loading on flight:
Let us assume bearing of landing slab in wall be 160 mm,
 13 × 300 
Effective span =  1.25 + + 0.16 + 1.25 m = 6.56 m

1000
Let us assume waist slab = 280 mm{Assuming @ 40 mm to 50 mm per m span}
Weight of slab on slope, w ′ = 0.28 × 1 × 1 × 25
= 7 kN/m2

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46 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES

w′ R 2 + T 2
Dead weight of horizontal area, w1 =
T
7 180 2 + 300 2
w1 = = 8.16 kN/m2
300
180
Dead weight of steps = × 25 = 2.25 kN/m 2
2 × 1000
Live load = 5 kN/m2
Assuming load due to finishing = 0.1 kN/m2
Total load, w = (8.16 + 2.25 + 5 + 0.1) kN/m2 = 15.51 kN/m2
Load w on landing = (15.51 – 2.25) kN/m2 = 13.26 kN/m2
But assuming uniform weight for design.
Design of Waist slab:
wl 2 1.5 × 15.51 × 6.56 2
Factored Bending moment = 1.5 = = 125.15 kN-m
8 8

Mu 125.15 × 10 6
Depth required, d = = = 212.94
Q .B 0.138 × 20 × 1000

Adopt effective depth, d = 230 mm and effective cover of 30 mm to get total depth = 260
mm
0.5 f ck  4.6 M u 
Reinforcement: Ast = 1 − 1 −  bd
fy  f ck ⋅ b ⋅ d 2 

0.5 × 20  4.6 × 125.15 × 10 6 


= 1 − 1 −  1000 × 230
415  20 × 1000 × 230 2 
= 1800.2 mm2
Using 16 mm φ bars, no. of bars needed in 1.4 m,
1800.2
Width = 1.4 × π = 12.53, say 13
× 16 2
4
1400
Spacing of bars = = 107.7 mm, say 100 mm
13
0.12
Distribution reinforcement : Asd = × 1000 × 230 = 276 mm2
100
1000 π
Using 8 mm φ at spacing = × × 8 2 = 182.12 mm
276 4
∴ Provide 8 mm φ at 180 mm c/c spacing.

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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 47

16 mm φ @
200 mm c/c
300 mm
(7 Nos.)

180 mm

8 mm φ @ 180 mm c/c

16 mm φ @ 100 mm c/c
230 mm (13 Nos.)

1.25 m 3.9 m 1.25 m

Reinforcement detailing of stair case

Q.8 (c) Solution:


(i)
Convert composite section into equivalent section of wood.
1000 mm
10 mm
E F
yNA
150 mm

NA NA

50 mm

Width of steel plate in terms of wood = m × 50 = 20 × 50 = 1000 mm


Let neutral axis is at yNA mm from top of section

∴ yNA =
A1y1 + A2y2
=
( 1000 × 10 × 5) + ( 150 × 50 × 85) = 39.29 mm from top
A1 + A2 ( 1000 × 10 + 150 × 50)
MOI of equivalent section about NA is given by
 1000 × 10 3 2  50 × 150 3 2
Ieq =  + 1000 × 10 ( 39.29 − 5 )  +  + 7500 ( 85 − 39.29 ) 
 12   12 

= 41.57 × 106 mm4


Shear at the junction of wood and steel plate will be just below the junction,

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48 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES

SAy
∴ τ=
I eq b

where, b = 50 mm
Ieq = 41.57 × 106 mm4
Maximum shear stress is at junction and maximum shear force is at supports,
W 500
∴ Smax = = = 250 kN
2 2
Ay = 1000 × 10 × (39.29 – 5) = 342.9 × 103 mm3
∴ τmax at junction EF will be
Smax × ( Ay )
τmax =
I eq b

250 × 10 3 × 342.9 × 10 3
= 6
= 41.24 N/mm2
41.57 × 10 × 50
(ii)

NT
P = 150 kW = 2 π
60

T
⇒ 150 × 1000 = 2 π × 250 ×
60
⇒ T = 5729.6 Nm
Let external diameter = D
Internal diameter, d = 0.6D
As τmax = 70 N/mm2
16T
⇒ τ =
πD 3
(1 − k ) 4

16 × 5729.6 × 10 3
⇒ 70 =
(
π × D 3 1 − 0.6 4 )
⇒ D = 78.24 mm
∴ d = 78.24 × 0.6 = 46.94 mm
Now, let the torque on shaft be T1, when it is subjected to a bending moment of
3000 Nm = 3 × 106 Nmm

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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 49

( )
2
Equivalent torque, Teq = T12 + M 2 = T12 + 3 × 10 6

As τmax = 70 N/mm2
16Teq
∴ 70 =
(
πD 3 1 − k 4 )
( )
2
16 T12 + 3 × 10 6
⇒ 70 =
(
π × (78.24) 3 1 − (0.6) 4 )
⇒ T 1 = 4881.57 Nm
For transmitting power at same maximum shear stress,

 2 πNT 
NT = N1T1  ∵ P = i.e. P ∝ NT 
60 

NT 250 × 5729.6
⇒ N1 = =
T1 4881.57

= 293.43 rpm



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