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π
= × (0.1) 2 = 7.854 × 10 −3 m 2
4
Q1 = Inlet discharge = V1A
= 2.0 × 7.854 × 10–3 = 0.0157 m3/s
Q2 = Outlet discharge = V2A
= 1.2 × 7.854 × 10–3 = 0.00943 m3/s
(i) Qe = Discharge emitted through walls of the porous pipe
= Q1 – Q2
= 0.01571 – 0.0094248
= 0.00628 m3/s
(ii) Surface area of emission, Ae = πDL
= π × 0.1 × 2.0 = 0.628 m2
Qe
Ve = Velocity of emission = A
e
6.28 × 10 −3
= = 0.01 m/s
0.628
Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 11
Q.1 (b) Solution:
(i)
In a forced vortex, mass of fluid is rotated with an external torque, which results in
increase in pressure. Centrifugal pump works on the principle of forced vortex flow. In
forced vortex flow, water rotates with a constant angular velocity. Flow on impeller of
pump also rotates with constant angular velocity, which imparts energy to water in the
form of centrifugal head. At the starting of pump
U 22 − U 12 = 2gHm
2 2
⇒ πD2N πD1N = 2gHm
−
60 60
which is similar to forced vortex flow equation
ω2(r12 – r02) = 2gZ
Thus on the principle of forced vortex, mechanical energy is converted into pressure
energy in centrifugal pumps.
(ii)
For given flow,
Diameter, D = 100 mm = 0.1 m
Discharge, Q = 0.036 m3/s
0.036
Velocity, V = = 4.58 m/s
π
× ( 0.1 )
2
4
VD 4.58 × 0.1
Reynold’s number, Re = = = 458000 > 4000
ν 10 −6
(Turbulent flow)
0.221
(a) Friction factor, f = 0.0032 +
Re 0.237
0.221
= 0.0032 + = 0.01326
( 458000 )0.237
(b) For smooth pipe,
f 0.01326
Shear velocity, V* = V = 4.58 = 0.1865 m/s
8 8
Laminar sub-layer thickness,
11.6 ν 11.6 × 10 −6
δ′ = = = 6.22 × 10 −5 m
V* 0.1865
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12 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES
V2 y V2 3
∴ 2g < 2 and E = y + 2 g < 2 y
2
Therefore, depth of flow y > × Specific energy
3
2
Thus depth of flow at critical state will be greater than times the specific energy.
3
Q.1 (d) Solution:
Weight of tank = Surface area of tank × weight of sheet per unit area
= (0.6 × 12.5 + 0.7 × 12.5 + 0.6 × 0.7) × 2 × 363
= 12102.42 N
M
0.6 m
G
0.141 m B
12102.42
Volume of water displaced = = 1.2337 m 3
9810
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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 13
1 (0.7) 2
= × − 0.2295 = 0.06 m
12 0.141
Since the metacentric height is positive and thus, the tank will float in stable equilibrium.
ax 2.4
tan θ = = = 0.2446
g 9.81
θ = 13.75°
P
x
M
A D
0.6 m θ Air
R S
y
1.2 m Water N
ax
C
6.0 m
As there is no spill of water, the air space will remain same as at start.
Air space volume, V = 0.6 × 6.0 × 2 = 7.2 m3
Let MN be the new water surface at an inclination of θ to the horizontal. If MD = x and
DN = y, B = breadth of the tank.
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14 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES
y = x tan θ
1 1
V = xyB = x 2 B tan θ
2 2
1 2
7.2 = x × 2 × 0.2446
2
7.2
x2 = = 29.436
0.2446
x = 5.4255 m and y = 1.327 m
Hence, CN = Depth of water in the front
= 1.80 – 1.327
= 0.473 m
AM = 6.0 – 5.4255 = 0.5745 m
AP = AM tanθ = 0.5745 × 0.2446
= 0.1405 m
The pressure profile on the top is represented by the triangle APM extending over the
width. Pressure force on the top.
1
F 1 = × AP × AM × Breadth γ
2
1
= × 0.1405 × 0.5745 × 2.0 × 9.8
2
= 0.791 kN
AM
The force atcs vertically upwards at = 0.1915 m from A at the mid-width section.
3
T (Driving)
X X X X
h 0.2
5m
Olive oil
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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 15
The surface area of the outer cylinder is larger than that of the inner one, since the former
has a larger radius. Accordingly the shear force and the velocity gradient at the outer
cylinder will be less than the respectively quantities on the inner one. The velocity profile
through the fluid will be non-linear as indicated in the figure, since the gap between the
inner and outer cylinders is comparatively larger.
The torque of 4.9 Nm is transmitted from inner cylinder to the outer one through fluid
friction (viscous effect). Let r be the radial distance of any fluid layer in the annular
space.
Then 4.9 = τ × ( 2 πrl ) × r = τ· ( 2 πr )( 2 ) r [∵ l = 2 m given ]
2 du
= τ 4 πr = µ · 4 πr 2
dy
du
Substituting (–dr) for dy in the equation for since velocity decreases as r increases i.e.
dy
y = R – r ⇒ dy = –dr
V 0.25
dr
∴ V = ∫ du = −7.96 ∫ 2
0 0.30 r
∴ Velocity of inner cylinder,
0.25
1
V = 7.96 = 5.31 m/s
r 0.30
∴ Rotational speed of inner cylinder,
V 5.31
ω = = = 21.24 rad/sec
r 0.25
60ω 60 × 21.24
∴ RPM, n = = = 202.8 rpm
2π 2π
The power dissipated in fluid friction
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16 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES
At the periphery of the shroud (vortex chamber), let the tangential velocity be Vu and
the radial velocity Vf. Then
Vu 2· r2 12 × 37.5 / 2
Vu = = = 10 m/s
r 45 / 2
∴ Discharge, Q = πD2 b 2V f 2 = πDbV f
Since the shroud is cylindrical, b = b2
D2 37.5
∴ Vf = V f 2· = 2× = 1.67 m/s
D 45
To determine increase in pressure within the shroud, apply Bernoulli’s equation between
the outlet of impeller and the periphery of shroud (given there is no loss)
p V2 p 2 V22
∴ + = +
γ 2g γ 2g
V2 = V f2 + Vu2 =
2 2
( 2 )2 + ( 12 )2 = 12.17 m/s
p − p 2 V22 − V 2
∴ Pressure rise = =
γ 2g
=
( 12.17 ) 2 − ( 10.14) 2 = 2.31 m of water
2 × 9.81
Q.2 (c) Solution:
(i)
Since viscous forces are important so
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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 17
(Re)m = (Re)p
ρVL ρVL
µ = µ
m p
ρrVrLr = µr
µr
Lr = ...(i)
ρ rVr
Since surface tension forces are important
(We)m = (We)p
V V
= σ
σ
L × ρ p
L × ρ m
Vr
σr = 1
Lr ρr
Vr L r ρ r = σr
Vr2 Lr ρ r = σ r
σr
Lr = ...(ii)
ρr Vr2
By eq. (i) and (ii)
µr σr
=
ρ r Vr ρr Vr2
µ rVr
= 1
σr
If the same liquid is used then
µr = 1 and σr = 1
So, Vr = 1
(ii)
For pipe,
Pipe length, L = 1100 m
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18 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES
Vr1 V1 = Vf
1
Inlet
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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 19
1V 3.5
tan α1 = u = 15.7 = 0.2229
1
(i) α1 = 12.57°
V1
Vr1 = Absolute velocity at entry = sin α
1
3.5
= sin(12.57°) = 16.082 m/s
y2
ys
P2
P1 y1
γqb q q
− = P1 – P2
g y 2 y 1
γbq 2 y1 − y2 1 1
⇒ y y = bγ y s2 − b γ y 22
g 1 2 2 2
in which the velocities have been substituted using the continuity equation,
q = v1y1 = v2y2
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20 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES
2q 2 y 1 − y 2 2 2
= ys − y 2
g y 1 y 2
q2
Substituting F12 for
gy 13
2 2
y1 ys y2
2 F12 y − 1 = y − y
2 1 1
2
ys y1 y2
⇒ = 2 F12 y − 1 + y
y1 2 1
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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 21
(ii)
Energy line
B1 B2
y1 y2 = yc
2
2 ∆Z
1 Plan
L - Section
V12
Specific energy, E1 = y 1 + 2g
= 1.538 + 0.0796
= 1.6176 m
V1 1.25
Froude number, F1 = = = 0.3218 < 1
gy 1 9.81 × 1.538
∴ The flow is sub critical
Q 10.0
Downstream section, q2 = B = 3.0 = 3.333 m3/s/m
2
Critical depth at contracted section,
yC 2 = [q22 / g]1/3
1/3
(3.333) 2
= 9.81 = 1.042 m
If ∆Z = height of the hump needed to cause critical flow at section 2, by energy
equation between sections 1 and 2
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22 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES
E1 = ∆Z + Ec = ∆Z + 1.5yC 2 (∵ Ec = 1.5 yc )
1.6176 = ∆Z + (1.5 × 1.0424)
∆ Z = 0.05415 0.054 m
Required height of hump is 0.055 m
Q.4 (a) Solution:
(i)
3
u 3 y 1 y
U∞
= – ...(i)
2 δ 2 δ
Q ρvdA
Mean velocity, V = =
A A
U∞
dy
u y
3 1 1 5
Vavg = U ∞ δ – δ × = U ∞
4 8 δ 8
Since, kinetic energy correction factor,
δ
∫ u (dy × 1)
3
α= 0
3
AVavg
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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 23
δ 33
3 y 1 y
∫ 2 δ – 2 δ dy
0
α= 3
5
δ
8
δ
27 y 3 1 y 9 9 y2 1 y3 3 y 1 y6
∫ 8 δ 3 8 δ 9
– – 3 × ×
4 δ 2 2 δ 3
+ 3 ×
2 δ 4 δ 6
0
dy
α= 3
5
δ
8
δ
27 y 4 1 y 10 27 y 6 9 y 8
3 – × – +
8 8 10δ 9 8 6δ 5 8 8δ 7
4δ 0
α= 3
5
δ×
8
3
27 1 27 9 δ 8
α= – – + ×
32 80 48 64 δ 5
α = 1.677
(ii)
Reynolds number at the trailing edge is
UL 6.0 × 0.45
ReL = = −4
= 3.0 × 10 4 (∵ 1 stoke = 10–4 m2/s)
v 0.9 × 10
Since ReL is less than Re(crit) = 5.0 × 105 therefore, the boundary layer is laminar.
(i) Boundary layer thickness:
δ 5.0
=
x Re x
At the trailing edge, x = L = 0.45 m
UL 6.0 × 0.45
δL = = −4
= 3.0 × 10 4
v 0.9 × 10
= 0.01299 m = 1.3 cm
(ii) Shear stress at the trailing edge, τL
ρU 2 ρU 2 0.664
τL = C =
2 Re L
fL
2
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24 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES
0.925 × 100
∴ FD = (7.667 × 10–3) × (0.45 × 0.15) × × 62
2
= 8.617 N
On both sides of the plate, drag force
F2D = 2 × FD = 2 × 8.617
= 17.23 N
Q.4 (b) Solution:
Let the equation of the parabola be x2 = Ky
Crown
O
X
E C J D
F
Level of 2.5 m
2m
springings
A H B
4.5 m
∴ K =
( 4.5) 2 = 8.1
2.5
∴ At y = 2.5 – 2.0 = 0.5 m
x = 8.1 × 0.5 = 2.01 m
Buoyant force = Weight of water displaced by the arch
= Weight of volume (ACE + BDF)
2 2
Area of parabola AOB = × AB × OH = × 9 × 2.5 = 1.5 m 2
3 3
2
Area of parabola COD = × 4.02 × 0.5 = 1.34 m 2
3
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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 25
∴ Area of balance portion ACJDB = 15 – 1.34 = 13.66 m2
∴ Area (AEC + BDF) = 9 × 2 – 13.66 = 4.34 m2
∴ Volume of water displaced = 4.34 × 6 = 26.04 m3
Force tending to lift the bridge = 9810 × 26.04 N = 255452.4 N 255.5 N
Energy headline hf
V12 /2 g
Water Surface V22 /2 g
y1 V1 y2
Channel bottom V2
Z1
Arbitrary datum Z2
V12 V22
Z1 + y 1 + = Z2 + y 2 + + hf ...(i)
2g 2g
Difference in the water surface elevation between (1) and (2)
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26 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES
Q 2 /A12 Q 2 /A22
⇒ ∆y + = + hf
2g 2g
Q2 1 1
⇒ ∆y – hf = 2 g 2 − 2
A2 A1
⇒ Q = A2
(
2 g ∆y − h f )
2
A
1− 2
A1
π
Ast = 3 × × 20 2 = 942 mm 2
4
0.87 × 415 × 942
∴ xu = = 157.458 mm
0.36 × 20 × 300
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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 27
and xu,lim = 0.48d (for Fe415)
= 0.48 × 500
= xu < 240 mm
Therefore it is an under reinforced section and the computed value of xu is correct.
Hence, Mu = 0.36 × 20 × 300 × 157.458 × (500 – 0.416 × 157.458)Nmm
= 147.56 kNm
L 0 = d or 12 φ whichever is more
= 500 or 12 × 20 mm whichever is greater = 500 mm
Mu 6
∴ + L0 = 147.56 × 10 + 500
Vu 300 × 1000
= 991.87 mm > Ld (= 940 mm)
Therefore the bond stress at the point of inflection is within the safe limit.
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28 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES
fy
stress of steel = = 0.87 f y
1.15
0.87 f y
ε*st = + 0.002
Es
4
(
37.5 2 − 31.25 2 )
250
∴ 207.42 =
FOS
⇒ FOS = 1.205
For second specimen in pure torsion,
σ 1 = τ, σ2 = –τ
σ1 − σ2 σy − 0
∴ =
2 2(FOS)
σy
⇒ τ – (–τ) =
FOS
σy
⇒ 2τ =
FOS
16T1 16 × T1 × 10 6
τ = =
( )
But
πD 3 1 − k 4 31.25
4
π × 37.5 3 1 −
37.5
= 186.534T1 N/mm2
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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 29
250
∴ 2 × 186.534 T1 =
1.205
⇒ T 1 = 0.556115 kNm
⇒ T 1 = 556.12 Nm
For third specimen in combined torsion and bending,
(
16 M + M 2 + T2 2 )
σ1 =
(
πD3 1 − k 4 )
σ2 =
(
16 M − M 2 + T2 2 )
(
πD3 1 − k 4 )
σ1 − σ2 σy − 0
∴ = 2 FOS
2 ( )
(
16 2 M 2 + T2 2 ) σy
⇒ 3
πD 1 − k ( 4
) =
FOS
32 M 2 + T2 2 250
⇒ =
(
πD3 1 − k 4 ) 1.205
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30 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES
P
Mx = x where x is measured from A
2
2
P
x dx
2
M dx a 2 P2 a 2 P 2a3
∴ UAC = ∫ 2 EI
=∫
0 2 EI
=
8 EI ∫0
x dx =
24 EI
Portion CD:
y y
Pa
2
C
P
2
Pa
My =
2
2
Pa
dy
∴ UCD = a 2
∫0 2 EI where y is measured from C
P 2 a2 a P 2a3
=
8 EI ∫0 dy = 8 EI
Portion DG:
P x
2
D x
Pa
2
P Pa P
Mx = x+ = ( x + a ) where x is measured from D
2 2 2
2
P
a 2
( x + a ) dx P 2 a
UDG = ∫0 ( x + a ) 2 dx
8 EI ∫0
∴ =
2 EI
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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 31
a
P 2 (x + a)
3 8a 3 a 3
P2 7 P 2a3
= = 8 EI − =
8 EI 3 3 3 24 EI
0
11 P 2 a 3
⇒ U=
12 EI
∂U 11 2 Pa 3 11 Pa 3
∴ δG = =
∂P 12 EI
=
6 EI
↓ ( )
Q.5 (e) Solution:
Given, State of stress, σx = 25 N/mm2
σ y = –75 N/mm2
We have to find what τxy is safe, if σ1 ≤ 40 N/mm2 (tension), σ 2 ≤ 110 N/mm2
(compression) and τmax >/ 55 N/mm2.
The above three conditions are to be independently satisfied.
2
σx + σy σx − σy
Now, σ1 = + + τ 2xy ≤ 40 (tension)
2 2
In the limiting case
2
25 + ( −75 ) 25 − ( −75 ) 2
40 = + + τ xy
2 2
⇒ 40 = −25 + 50 2 + τ 2xy
2
⇒ τ 2xy = 40 − ( −25) − 50 2 = 1725
2
σx + σy σx − σy
σ2 = − + τ 2xy ≤ 110 (compression)
2 2
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32 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES
⇒ –85 = − 50 2 + τ 2xy
⇒ –(85)2 = 50 2 + τ 2xy
2
σx − σy
Also, τmax = + τ 2xy ≤ 55
2
2
25 − ( −75) 2
⇒ + τ xy ≤ 55
2
⇒ 50 2 + τ 2xy = (55)2
1.6Tu 40
Vue = Vu + = 50 + 1.6 × = 263.33 kN
b 0.3
and Vuc = τuc bd
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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 33
Vue 263.33 × 10 3
∴ τue = = = 1.76 N/mm 2
bd 300 × 500
Equivalent bending moment,
Mue = Mu ± Mut
D 535
1+ 1+
b = 40 × 300 = 65.49 kNm
where, Mut = Tu
1.7 1.7
100 × 20 1.54
⇒ pt = 1 − 4.598 × = 0.473%
2 ( 415 ) 20
0.473
∴ Ast = × 300 × 500 = 709.5 mm 2
100
Provide 4 nos - 16 mm diameter bars.
Design of reinforcement for moment Mue2 can be made by considering steel beam theory
as the reinforcement at bottom for Mue1 shall form moment couple.
M ue 2
∴ As =
0.87 f y ( d − d ′ )
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34 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES
15.49 × 10 6
Hence, As = = 92.26 mm 2
0.87 × 415 × ( 500 − 35 )
Provide 2 × 12 mm φ bars (As = 226 mm2) at the top
τuc = 0.49152 N/mm2 from table given in the question.
π
4×× 16 2
4 = 0.536%
p =
300 × 500
∴ Vuc = 0.49152 × 300 × 500 N = 73.728 kN
and Vuc,max = τ c ,max· bd
= 0.625 f ck · bd
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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 35
Therefore 8 mm φ 2-legged vertical stirrups at spacing of 90 mm c/c may be provided.
τ us v Vusu
∴ Asv = +
(
b1 d1 0.87 f y ) (
2.5d1 0.87 f y )
π 40 × 10 3 50 × 10 3
⇒ 2× × 82 = + sv
4 216 ( 461) 0.87 ( 415 ) 2.5 ( 461 ) 0.87 ( 415 )
⇒ sv = 828.96 mm
Also,
bs v
Asv ≥ ( τ ue − τ uc )
0.87 f y
π 300s v
⇒ 2× × 8 2 ≥ ( 1.76 − 0.49152 )
4 0.87(415)
⇒ sv ≤ 95.38 mm
Design for side face reinforcement
As the depth of beam > 450 mm, so provide side face reinforcement of 0.1% of gross area
on both sides.
0.1
(Ast) side face = × 300 × 535 = 160.5 mm 2 on both sides
100
∴ Side face reinforcement on each side = 80.25 mm2
So provide 1 bar of 12 mm φ side face reinforcement on each side.
300 mm
25 25
25
2 × 12 φ
2 × 12 φ
500
2L-8 φ@ 90 mm c/c
3 × 18 φ
25
300 mm
Cross-sectional details
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36 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES
We know,
Permissible tensile stress in members under direct tension (σs)
= 150 N/mm2 (for Fe415)
25000
∴ Area of steel required = = 166.67 mm 2
150
166.67
Use 8 mm bars, number of rings required = = 3.32 4 (say)
π 2
(8)
4
∴ Provide 4 rings of 8 mm φ bars for symmetry.
π 2
∴Actual area of steel provided (Ash) = (8) × 4 = 201 mm 2
4
Equivalent area of cross-section of composite section of beam of area of cross-section
A is (A + (m – 1)Ash)
= A + (m – 1) × 201
= A + (11 – 1) × 201 = (A + 2010) mm2
∵ Allowable stress in tension in concrete = 1.2 N/mm2 in composite section,
We have,
25000
= 1.2
A + 2010
⇒ A = 18823.33 mm2
Hence, provide a ring beam of size = 170 × 120 mm
Provide 6 mm φ stirrups @ 200 mm c/c to tie the rings in the ring beam.
(ii)
1. Anchorage length in tension
Design stress for mild steel, σs = 0.87 fy
= 0.87 × 250 = 217.5 N/mm2
Bond stress, τbd = 1.2 N/mm2
Anchorage length = Development length
φ × 0.87 f y φ × 217.5
Ld = = = 45.31 φ
4τ bd 4 × 1.2
2. Anchorage length in compression
Design stress for mild steel, σs = 0.87 fy = 217.5 N/mm2
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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 37
Bond stress, τbd = 1.2 × 1.25 (for compression)
= 1.5 N/mm2
φ × 217.5
Ld = = 36.25 φ
4 × 1.5
Q.6 (c) Solution:
75 mm
N A 2
0.65 N/mm
75 mm
25 mm
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38 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES
Horizontal shear stress in the web at the junction of flange and web = 0.45 N/mm2
Let pitch of screws be p mm
Consider one pitch length,
Horizontal shear force at this level for one pitch length = 0.45 × (2 × 25)p = 22.5 p Newton
Equating the horizontal shear per pitch length to the shearing strength of two bolts,
22.5p = 2 × 1250
⇒ p = 111.11 mm c/c
A I
E 2I
D B C
2m 2m 2m 6m
RA RB RC
RA + RB + RC = 6 ...(i)
∑ME = 0 (from left)
⇒ 4RA = 6 × 2
⇒ RA = 3 kN ...(ii)
∑ME = 0 (from right)
⇒ 8RC + 2RB = 0
⇒ R B = –4RC ...(iii)
Using equation (i), (ii) and (iii)
RA = 3 kN
R B = 4 kN
RC = –1 kN
6 kN
E B C
A D
–6 kN
BMD
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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 39
6
EI
E B C
A D
–3
EI
–6
EI
M
diagram
EI
Now, for conjugate beam, the loading diagram is as shown below.
6
EI
2m Hinge 6m
A E B C
2m D 2m
–3
EI
RA RE –6 RC
EI
1 6 1 3 1 6
Now, R A + RE + RC + ×2× + ×6× = ×4×
2 EI 2 EI 2 EI
−3
⇒ RA + RE + RC = ...(iv)
EI
∑MB = 0 (from right)
1 3 6
⇒ RC × 6 + × ×6× = 0
2 EI 3
−3
⇒ RC = ...(v)
EI
Also, ∑MB = 0 (from left)
1 6 2 1 6 2 1 6 4
R A × 6 + RE × 2 + × ×2× = ×2× × + 4 + × 2 × + 2
2 EI 3 2 EI 3 2 EI 3
44
⇒ 6RA + 2RE = ...(vi)
EI
Solving equations, (iv), (v) and (vi)
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40 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES
11
RA =
EI
−11
RE =
EI
−3
RC =
EI
So now, (θD)real beam = (S.F. at D)conjugate beam
1 6
⇒ (SFD) conjugate beam = R A − × ×2
2 EI
11 6 5
= − =
EI EI EI
↑ ( )
5
∴ θD = ( Clockwise )
EI
(δD)real beam = (MD)conjugate beam
1 6 2
⇒ (MD) conjugate beam = R A × 2 − × ×2×
2 EI 3
22 4 18
= − =
EI EI EI
18
∴ δD = (Downward)
EI
Since there is hinge at E, so slope at left of E will be different to slope at right of E.
⇒ (θE–)real beam = (SFE–)conjugate beam
1 6
(SFE–)conjugate beam (just left of E) = R A − × ×4
2 EI
11 12 −1
= − =
EI EI EI
↓ ( )
1
⇒ θE– = (Anti-clockwise )
EI
1 6
SFE+ (just right of E) = R A − × × 4 + RE
2 EI
11 1 6 11
= − × ×4−
EI 2 EI EI
−12
=
EI
↓ ( )
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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 41
−12
⇒ θE + = (Anticlockwise )
EI
Q.7 (b) Solution:
B t / unit length
A C
TA TC
L 2L
3 3
L
2tL
TA + TC = ...(i)
3
TA dy
2L x
3
D C
A B y
L x
3
TA
where, T y = · y where x is measured from D towards B
x
TA
x · y dy
x T x
⇒ θBD = ∫ dθ BD = ∫ GJ
= A
2GJ
0
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42 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES
−TC
2L
y dy
− x 2L 2L
3 − x −Tc − x
3 3
Similarly, θDC = ∫ GJ
=
2GJ
0
∴ From equation (iii)
2L
TC − x
TA L / 3 TA x 3
+ − = 0
GJ 2GJ 2GJ
TAL TA x TC L TC x
⇒ + − + = 0
3 2 3 2
TA L 1 2 L
⇒ + T A = TC L [from equation (ii)]
3 2 3 3
2TAL TC L
⇒ =
3 3
⇒ 2TA = TC ...(iv)
From equation (i) and (iv),
2
TA = tL
9
4
TC = tL
9
Q.7 (c) Solution:
Ultimate Bending moment, BMu = 225 kN
for Fe415, xu, lim = 0.48 d
Let us assume effective cover of 50 mm
∴ effective depth = 450 mm
0.87 fy . Ast1
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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 43
xu, lim = 0.48 × 450 = 216 mm
0.138 × 20 × 250 × 450 2
Mu, lim = 0.138 fck . B. d 2 = kN.m
10 6
= 139.725 kN.m
M u , lim 139.725 × 10 6
Ast = 0.87 f ( d − 0.42 x =
1 y u ,lim ) 0.87 × 415 × (450 − 0.42 × 216)
= 1077.1439 mm2
Assuming depth of compression reinforcement, dc = 50 mm
BM u − M u lim (225 − 139.725) × 10 6
Ast = =
2 0.87 f y ( d − d c ) 0.87 × 415 × (450 − 50)
= 590.4653 mm2
∴ Total tensile reinforcement, Ast = Ast1 + Ast2
⇒ Ast = 1667.6092 mm2
BMu − Mu lim
Asc = ( f − 0.45 f )( d − d )
sc ck c
(225 − 139.725) × 10 6
= (353 − 0.45 × 20)(450 − 50)
= 619.73 mm2
∴ Total compression reinforcement = 619.73 mm2
Let us use 20 mm – φ bars on both tension and compression side.
Ast 1667.6092
Number of bars on tension side= =
π 2 π
×φ × (20) 2
4 4
nt = 5.308 say, 6.
250 mm
50 mm
2 – 20 mm φ Fe415
450
M20
6 – 20 mm φ Fe415
50 mm
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44 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES
Asc 619.73
Number of bars on compression side = π =
π
× φ2 × (20) 2
4 4
nc = 1.97 say, 2
π
Shear resistance of 2 × 20 mm φ inclined bars (Asv = 2 × × 20 2 = 628 mm2) bent up at
4
45°,
Vusi = 0.87 fy Asv sin 45°
= 0.87 × 415 × 628 × 0.7071 N = 160.33 kN
Additional shear reinforcement consisting of 2-legged vertical stirrups shall be required
to resist a shear force of,
Vus = Vu – Vuc – Vusi
which shall not be less than 0.5 (Vu – Vuc) as IS code recommends that more than half of
(Vu – Vuc) must be resisted by vertical stirrups.
Now, Vuc = τuc bd
where τuc = 0.521 N/mm (from the table given in the question) corresponding to pt = 100
2
Ast (Area of 3 × 20 mm φ )
= 100 ×
bd bd
942
= 100 × = 0.628
( 300 × 500 )
∴ Vuc = 0.521 × 300 × 500 N = 78.15 kN
Hence, Vus = 300 – 78.15 – 160.33 but </ 0.5 × (300 – 78.15)
= 110.925 kN
Consider shear reinforcement of 8 mm φ 2-legged vertical stirrups
π
(Asv = 2 × × 8 2 = 100 mm2) at spacing Sv given by
4
0.87 f y Asv d
>/ Su ,max
Sv =
( 0.5 (Vu − Vuc ))
2.5 f y Asv
where, Su,max = >/ minimum of 0.75d and 450 mm
b
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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 45
πD 2
Pu = 0.4 f ck
4
( )
+ 0.67 f y − 0.4 f ck As
π 400 2 π
= 0.4 × 25 × + ( 0.67 × 415 − 0.4 × 25 ) × 6 × × 25 2 N
4 4
= 2046.11 kN
(ii) Column with spirals :
Axial load carrying capacity of the circular column with spirals when e min >/ 0.05D ,
Pu = 1.05 × ultimate load carrying capacity of the column
with lateral ties when e min >/ 0.05D
= 1.05 × 2046.11 = 2148.42 kN
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46 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES
w′ R 2 + T 2
Dead weight of horizontal area, w1 =
T
7 180 2 + 300 2
w1 = = 8.16 kN/m2
300
180
Dead weight of steps = × 25 = 2.25 kN/m 2
2 × 1000
Live load = 5 kN/m2
Assuming load due to finishing = 0.1 kN/m2
Total load, w = (8.16 + 2.25 + 5 + 0.1) kN/m2 = 15.51 kN/m2
Load w on landing = (15.51 – 2.25) kN/m2 = 13.26 kN/m2
But assuming uniform weight for design.
Design of Waist slab:
wl 2 1.5 × 15.51 × 6.56 2
Factored Bending moment = 1.5 = = 125.15 kN-m
8 8
Mu 125.15 × 10 6
Depth required, d = = = 212.94
Q .B 0.138 × 20 × 1000
Adopt effective depth, d = 230 mm and effective cover of 30 mm to get total depth = 260
mm
0.5 f ck 4.6 M u
Reinforcement: Ast = 1 − 1 − bd
fy f ck ⋅ b ⋅ d 2
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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 47
16 mm φ @
200 mm c/c
300 mm
(7 Nos.)
180 mm
8 mm φ @ 180 mm c/c
16 mm φ @ 100 mm c/c
230 mm (13 Nos.)
NA NA
50 mm
∴ yNA =
A1y1 + A2y2
=
( 1000 × 10 × 5) + ( 150 × 50 × 85) = 39.29 mm from top
A1 + A2 ( 1000 × 10 + 150 × 50)
MOI of equivalent section about NA is given by
1000 × 10 3 2 50 × 150 3 2
Ieq = + 1000 × 10 ( 39.29 − 5 ) + + 7500 ( 85 − 39.29 )
12 12
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48 | ESE 2019 : MAINS TEST SERIES
SAy
∴ τ=
I eq b
where, b = 50 mm
Ieq = 41.57 × 106 mm4
Maximum shear stress is at junction and maximum shear force is at supports,
W 500
∴ Smax = = = 250 kN
2 2
Ay = 1000 × 10 × (39.29 – 5) = 342.9 × 103 mm3
∴ τmax at junction EF will be
Smax × ( Ay )
τmax =
I eq b
250 × 10 3 × 342.9 × 10 3
= 6
= 41.24 N/mm2
41.57 × 10 × 50
(ii)
NT
P = 150 kW = 2 π
60
T
⇒ 150 × 1000 = 2 π × 250 ×
60
⇒ T = 5729.6 Nm
Let external diameter = D
Internal diameter, d = 0.6D
As τmax = 70 N/mm2
16T
⇒ τ =
πD 3
(1 − k ) 4
16 × 5729.6 × 10 3
⇒ 70 =
(
π × D 3 1 − 0.6 4 )
⇒ D = 78.24 mm
∴ d = 78.24 × 0.6 = 46.94 mm
Now, let the torque on shaft be T1, when it is subjected to a bending moment of
3000 Nm = 3 × 106 Nmm
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Test No : 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING | 49
( )
2
Equivalent torque, Teq = T12 + M 2 = T12 + 3 × 10 6
As τmax = 70 N/mm2
16Teq
∴ 70 =
(
πD 3 1 − k 4 )
( )
2
16 T12 + 3 × 10 6
⇒ 70 =
(
π × (78.24) 3 1 − (0.6) 4 )
⇒ T 1 = 4881.57 Nm
For transmitting power at same maximum shear stress,
2 πNT
NT = N1T1 ∵ P = i.e. P ∝ NT
60
NT 250 × 5729.6
⇒ N1 = =
T1 4881.57
= 293.43 rpm
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