Environmental Management

Lesson 2 – 1Q – 1st PARCIAL

Student:____________________________________________________________
Date: ______________ Grade: 1st Bach Section: Teacher: Mrs. Delgado

Comparison of two Case Studies (MEDC and LEDC)

1. Main facts of the Earthquake.
Japan
The 9.1-magnitude (Mw) undersea earthquake
occurred on 11 March 2011 at 14:46 local time
(05:46 UTC) in the north-western Pacific Ocean at
a relatively shallow depth of 32 km (20 mi), with
its epicenter approximately 72 km (45 mi) east of
the Oshika Peninsula of Tōhoku, Japan, lasting
approximately six minutes. A tsunami was sent
crashing into the country’s north-eastern coast. It
lasted 6 minutes.
Haiti
The Earthquake was 7.3 on Richter scale, 15km from
the Capital Port au Prince and only 9.65 Km (6 mi)
deep. There have been no large earthquakes in Haiti
for 200 years. The earthquake struck at 16:53 (4:53pm)
local time on Tuesday 12 January 2010. It happened in
a matter of seconds but in the proceeding 12 days, a
total of 52 aftershocks were recorded each further
weakening and damaging infrastructure.

What does the magnitude of the earthquake refer to? How does the depth of the focus affect the
aftermath of the Earthquake? How could the time of the aftermath of the Earthquake? Use examples
in your answers. (6)
2. Why did they happen?
Japan, March 2011 Haiti, January 2010

Describe the processes happening in Japan and Haiti using each diagram. Mention the plates involve
and the type of boundaries. (6)
3. Country Development
Indicator Values Indicator Values
GDP per capita* $37,100 GDP per capita* $1,200
People Living in 16% of the population People Living in 80% of people
Poverty (less than $2 Poverty (less than $2
per day) per day)
Access to Clean Water 100% of the population Access to Clean Water 46% of the population
(universal) (universal)
Life Expectancy 84 years Life Expectancy 62 years
Literacy Rate 99% Literacy Rate 53%
People Per Doctor 2.14 doctors per 1000 People Per Doctor 0.25 doctors per 1000
people people

Hospital bed density: 13.4 beds/1,000 Hospital bed density: 0.7 beds/1,000
population population
*average income a year per person *average income a year per person
What conclusions can you draw on Haiti's and Japan’s level of development? How will this have
affected its vulnerability to a major earthquake event? Explain your answer fully using the
information from the chart. (6)
4. Impacts
Japan Haiti
A total of 12,431 people were confirmed dead by 3 million people in total affected. Over 220,000
Japan's National Police Agency, while 15,153 were deaths caused by the collapsing buildings, a small
missing. A total of 164,059 households in the north tsunami and the cholera epidemic in the proceeding
were without electricity, At least 170,000 households weeks. The resulting sanitation problems have
in eight prefectures were without running water increased cases of dysentery, malaria and drug-
resistant tuberculosis. 300,000 injured and treatment
Hundreds of thousands of homes, many schools and difficult due to several hospitals collapsing and the
hospitals, airports and rain infrastructure destroyed. death and displacement of medical staff in and
The tsunami caused dramatic drops in industrial around Port au Prince.
production that imposed a toll not only on Japan’s
economy, but also on the many other countries 1.3 million people made homeless due to collapsed
linked through these production networks or partially collapsed and unsafe housing.
The shutdown of the nuclear reactors has had far
more damaging long-term economic consequences. Deforestation and forest clearance to make way for
Only two nuclear reactors have restarted operations, temporary camps and for building materials.
and the Japanese government has had to resort to Small scale pollution by the leakage of oil and other
large increases in oil imports to make for the gap in chemicals into the surrounding environment due to
electricity supply. Consequently, Japan has the rupture and damage to industrial facilities.
experienced record trade deficits, in the order of $78 Pollution of water supply leading to cholera
billion in 2012. Portions of northeastern Japan epidemic. 30,000 commercial buildings collapsed
shifted by as much as 2.4 m closer to North America leading to a loss of trade and income for the already
A 400 km stretch of coastline dropped vertically by crippled economy.
0.6 m, allowing the tsunami to travel farther and
faster onto land. Businesses destroyed and vast sums of money for
the rebuilding process – money that Haiti did not
The leakage of radioactive waste from Fukushima have. Damage to the main clothing industry.
into the surrounding air, soil and water caused
considerable environmental problems. Fishing Airport and port damaged so damage to imports and
ceases in the area. exports as well as a slowdown in the rescue and
The financial cost of rebuilding the Tohoku region is response from overseas. Appeals for international
staggering (in its latest stimulus budget, the Abe aid were immediately requested by Raymond
government slated $18 billion dollars for this Joseph, Haiti's ambassador to the United States and
purpose). his nephew, singer Wyclef Jean. The American Red
Cross quickly announced that it had run out of
supplies in Haiti and appealed for public donations.
4. How are the impacts from the Earthquake in Japan different from the ones in Haiti? Write your
answer based on three main aspects: social, economic, and environmental impacts. (9)
5. Classify the Impacts in Short Term and Long Term impacts. Include at least 6 impacts in your
classification. (3)

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