These sensor nodes work to transmit the measurement through a multi-hop radio links to a

PC connected base station. I involved in designing where a user application would be running
on a PC and displays data, also I monitor them and configure. After the experimentation in
industrial plant I observed that system could measure pH in between the range of 2 to 8 with
an uncertainty of 0.1 pH, and the temperature in between the range of 10 to 70C, uncertainty
of 0.5 C. I took this project to adapt a system base on a wireless sensor network to support
industrial environment.

CE 1.3

Aim and Objective:

 The main aim of the project was to design and implementation of a system based
on a wireless sensor network for measuring the temperature and pH in a tannery
barrel.

CE 1.4

As a student trainee, I utilized my academic knowledge and skills to recollect and analyze the
project. I also skimmed my engineering subjects and collected the information to execute this
project. I was given the responsibility to finish the work on time and monitor the work.

CE 1.5

Organizational chart
Principal

Department Head

Project Guide

Student (ME) Student Student

CE 1.6

Roles and Responsibilities:

 Responsible for studying and analyzing the project related materials and journals.

 Responsible for gathering significant data from engineering textbooks and from
available resources.

 Responsible for utilizing my engineering and skills for selecting hardware and software
platform

 Using latest new design to automatically compensate the change in pH glass electrode
and improves its lifetime.

 Testing the program and resolve issues

 Responsible for submitting project documents and presentations.

Personal Engineering Activity

CE 1.7

I referred my electrical and electronics engineering subjects for gaining in-depth knowledge
on the project. I have searched many websites and analyzed to select the project. After a brief
research, I have come up with this project. Later, I have gathered project information
including plan, cost estimation, development, testing and implementation and then
submitted to the project guide for approval. After receiving positive approvals, I along with
team started the project work.

CE 1.8

Next, I have utilized my engineering and skills for selecting hardware and software platform.
I then gathered components for embedded software platform, such as:

 I used the TinyOS 2.1 to implement the base station and other embedded software to
run the sensor board.

 I used LPL protocol for managing the radio.

 I used Collection 9 for the function of multi-hop protocol, as it is the best to send and
collect data. The network topology works as a tree wherein the sensor nodes are
leaves and the sensor connected to PC is the root.

 I used dissemination as a protocol, it sends the parameter changes from base station
to sensor nodes. All the network nodes end up taking the same value.

 The PC was connected base nodes and sensor nodes installed on the barrels as shown
in the figure.

The system as shown in figure 2 has a PC-connected base node and sensor nodes installed on
the barrels.

CE 1.9
I gathered hardware components such as Temperature sensor, pH sensor, sensor node, PC,
User interface, base node.

Figure 1: Outline of the system

Next, I started designing part after gathering hardware components:

Temperature sensor: I used Maxim’s DS620 to measure the temperature. This circuit was
designed to measure the ambient temperature and transmits the data with the help of 12C
serial interface. It works with a very less power consumption in idle mode and easily operates
with a 1.7V supply. Figure 2 shows the manufactured temperature measurement circuit.

PH sensor: I design the pH measurement circuit using the pH glass electrode as it costs less
and is widely used in industrial development. I then utilized the galvanic cell to operate this
electrode. This electrode was designed to develop an electrical potential to the NERNST
equation. It is also the function of pH and temperature of the solutions measured. The pH
sensor circuit should have the following below requirements.

 I have used asymmetrical power source of 0 and VDD (VDD should be between 2 V
and 3 V to measure the voltage fall) with low consumption of energy of pH signals
which changes from 2 pH and 8 pH.
  The previous design process was utilized to develop the electronic circuit. But the
latest new design helped me to automatically compensate the change in pH glass
electrode and improves its lifetime.

CE 1.10

I have referred many journals, IEEE standards and articles for designing the circuit board.
Next, my task was to design the circuit, though I have designed into five main components,
such as:

1. An analog switch (Texas Instruments’ TS3A4741) – it is turned ON only to measure

time and optimize power utilization.

2. An instrumentation amplifier (Texas Instruments’ INA333) is used to – it has the

capacity to resist high inputs. It is also used to increase the resolution of A/D
converter.

3. A voltage reference (Maxim’s MAX6018) is designed to get continuous potential

independent battery voltage.

4. I used a Microchip (Microchip’s MCP4652) that is a digital potentiometer to support

the voltage of pH glass electrode.

5. I used microcontroller as its fifth part to know the constant drifts in pH glass
electrode.

Figure 2: pH measurement circuit

CE 1.11

User Interface

I used Java program to run the user application on the PC. I divided this program into three
sections. In the first, the operator was able to select the temperature and pH sample through
sensor nodes. I ensured that the panels for each barrel and in the last section was a button to
start pH calibration sensors on a remote node.

CE 1.12

Mounting

I used the standard IP66, 15cm x 15cm box, with a screw-fastened lid (Figure 7) to
manufacture the container of the sensor node. I designed the container with robustness to
support the industrial environment from the corrosive vapors which come out from inside the
barrel. Also, I have developed a mechanism which can replace the battery and calibrate the
pH sensor. Then I protected the internal components. I used the metal sheath for the
protection of temperature measurement circuit and allotted it with three functions. They are:

1. To be fit to withstand the highly corrosive substances which are inside the barrel.

2. Secondly, it should provide a proper thermal transfer between the substance

measured and temperature measuring chips.

3. Lastly, it should be of the size which can accommodate the temperature measurement
circuit.

CE 1.13

Power consumption

I measured the power utilized with the help of the apparatus one-ohm resistor in series. I
noted numerous measurements of different activities of Mote performers. This helped to get
the corroborated low power consumption which was in sensor circuits and high power
utilization of the Mote operation (1.3 mA). I used the radio and microcontroller to produce
the power consumption.