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Experiment No.

= 6
Title :

To Make the Study and Performance Characteristics of the Turgo Turbine.

Introduction :

The turgo turbine is an impulse type turbine, water does not change
pressure as it moves through the turbine blades. In this type of turbine the total energy
of water is converted into kinetic energy in the form of a jet of water by providing a
nozzle at the end of penstock . This jet of water strikes on the bucket of the wheel of
turbine , which applies an impulse force on the buckets and the torque is produced
which rotates the turbine . The runner of the turbine is attached to a shaft so the
mechanical energy is transmitted to the shaft in the field , shaft of the turbine is attached
to generator , which converts this mechanical energy into electrical energy .

Objective :

 To make the study and performance characteristics of Turgo Turbine

Procedure :

1. First of all we ensure that the apparatus is leveled.


2. Then we adjust the needle valve to the fully closed position and the
dynamometer load of the full load .
3. After that we start the pump of the hydraulic bench .
4. We open the needle valve gradually until reaching approximately the half open
position .
5. Then we record the reading of the pressure gage and use the hydraulic bench for
measuring the flow rate by taking the readings of volume V and time T.
6. We reduce the dynamometer load gradually until the turbine speed reaches 100
rpm and record the dynamometer load F , use stroboscope for measuring the
turbine speed .
7. Increase the turbine in increments of 100 rpm and record the dynamometer load
in each step until reaching the maximum speed at which the dynamometer load
is reduced to zero .
8. Then adjust the needle valve opening to the fully open position and repeat steps
5-7
Data Recorded : Table 2.1

Sr. no R V W F t
(inch) (ml) (rpm) (N) (sec)
1 1.2 2000 651 1 16.10
2 1.2 2000 1403 1.4 11.06
3 1.2 2000 2250 3 7.90

Data Analysis :

Table 2.2

Efficiency=
Sr. w Volume Time Q H F T Po Pin Po/ Pin
no (rpm) v t x100
(m3) (sec) (m/s) (m) (N) (Nm) (watt) (watt)

1 651 0.002 16.10 1.24x10-4 4.92 1 0.03 2.04 5.79 35.23


2 1403 0.002 11.06 1.80x10-4 9.83 1.4 0.042 6.17 17.35 35.54
3 2250 0.002 7.9 2.3x10-4 17.56 3 0.09 21.20 43.58 48.64

Discussion :

By this experiment we measured the efficiency or turgo turbine , measured radius of


turbine wheel then measured volume in ml . In 4 column we have measured and write
angular velocity of turbine in rpm by stroboscope then we have measured and write
force required to stop the wheel by dynamometer and in last time noted to fill the tank.

Conclusion :

In table 2.2 , we concluded in second column angular velocity which we have measured
by stroboscope then in third column we have measured volume in m3 and in time noted
in next column . In forth column we have calculate discharge by dividing volume into
time. then in next column we have calculate total head by pressure head and neglecting
velocity head . In 7 column, we have write force which is measured by dynamometer
and in next column we have calculate torque by multiplying force by radius in Nm . and
then we have calculated output power in 9 column by and input power in 10 column
and in last we have calculated efficiency of turbine by using formula

References:

 Lab Manual
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelton_wheel

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