Table of Contents

PRELIMINARIES: II. CASE STUDY & REVIEW OF RELATED

Acknowledgement ………………………………………………. i.
LITERATURE
A. Case Study (with Assessment)
Dedication ………………………………………………………… ii.
A.1 Local Projects
Table of Contents ………………………………………………. Iii.
A.2 Foreign Projects

B. Review of Related Literature (with Assessment)

CHAPTERS: B.1 Local Literature

I. INTRODUCTION B.2 Foreign Literature

A. Historical Background ……………..
A.1 Background of the Problem ………….
A.2 Background of the Study III. SITE PRESENTATION & ANALYSIS
A.3 Background of the Project A. Site Selection Criteria
B. Statement of the Problem ………… A.1 Major
C. Significance of the Problem ………… A.2 Specific
C.1 Significance of the Study ……
D. Goals and Objectives ………………..
B. Site Selection
E. Scope and Limitations ………………..
F. Theoretical Framework ………………..
G. Definition of Term ……………………….. B.1 Site Selection Process
 B.2 Site Justification
C. Site Assessment
C.1 Geographical Setting
C.2 Site Suitability
C.3 Utilities
C.4 Socio-economic Conditions
IV. USER ANALYSIS
A. Demographic Profile
B. Target Users
C. User’s Requirements
V. ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTION
A. Architectural Programming
A.1 Site
A.2 Buildings
A.3 Bubble Diagrams
A.3.1 Site
A.3.2 Buildings
B. Project Conceptualization
B.1 Design Philosophy
B.2 Design Concept
B3. Conceptual Drawings
VI. SUMMARY
A. Summary of Findings
B. Conclusion
C. Recommendations
VII. LIST OF REFERENCES
VIII. APPENDIXES
A. Historical Background
“He who does not know how to look back at his origin will never arrive at his
destination.”
As a former territory of Spain, Japan, and the United States,
with both Asian and Polynesian influences, the history and
culture of the Philippines is rich and storied. As a result, the
exploration of Filipino efforts to preserve their heritage makes
for a fascinating results.
Unlike the United States, the historic preservation movement
in the Philippines appears to have always been a government-
led effort. Ironically, the Philippine preservation movement
originated with a law passed by the United States. Act No. 243 empowered to find and mark properties that, in
was passed in 1901 by the Philippine Commission—the its estimation, should be preserved.
colonial governmental body created by the United States—and
“It is hereby declared to be the policy of the state to
declared “that a monument shall be erected to Jose Rizal, the
preserve and protect the cultural properties of the
Philippine patriot, writer, and poet, upon the Luneta, in the city
nation and to safeguard their intrinsic value”
of Manila.” Much like the beginnings of the American
-Cultural properties and Preservation Act
preservation movement, the erection of this monument to Jose
Rizal was clearly intended to inspire patriotism—Mr. Rizal is Although cultural treasure designation provided
the embodiment of Filipino patriotism and the father of Filipino greater protections to personal property, real
nationalism.
property (i.e. buildings, monuments, shrines, and
The Philippine government did not begin to landmarks) cultural treasures were provided
establish a systematic approach to historic
limited protection. Before any non-inheritance
preservation until the 1930s. Even then, the
change in ownership of a privately owned real
approach to preservation was limited in scope
with no regulatory authority. In 1933, American property cultural treasure could take place, the

Governor-General Frank Murphy issued an
executive order that created a committee to
identify, designate, and mark historic antiquities.
This executive body, called the Philippine
Historical Research and Markers Committee
(PHRMC), had no actual control over the
National Museum must have been notified and
given an opportunity to comment on the transfer.
Other than this, real property designated as a
cultural treasure received no special protection
from the CPPPA.

preservation of antiquities, as it was only

The Philippine historic preservation movement support by decentralizing preservation
began as a sporadic, ad hoc monument regulatory power and by encouraging local
construction and historic site designation government units to create and experiment with
program with little or no regulatory authority. their own preservation programs.
Now, the Philippines boasts a progressive, Notwithstanding its shortcomings, the Philippine
robust preservation system with strong historic preservation movement has grown into
regulatory powers. Even though the current an enviable regulatory system that has the
program is radically more powerful than it was potential to effect successful long-term
just thirty years earlier, the Philippine built preservation of its historically and culturally
heritage preservation system has maintained its significant built environment
foundational core—national historic sites. In (http://preservelaw.com/2014/01/historic-
fact, almost all regulatory authority under the preservation-philippines/).
National Cultural Heritage Act stems from the
A.1 Background of the Problem
designation of a cultural property as a national Change is inevitable in the historic
shrine, landmark, monument or site. environment. Buildings, streetscapes, and
urban areas are dynamic places that are
Other governments seeking to emulate the
constantly adapting to the needs of their
Philippine preservation model should take note
inhabitants, with each generation contributing
of the island nation’s careful and collaborative
uniquely to this evolution.
legislative process, which spanned over fifteen
years and involved open communication There are varying views on what constitutes
amongst all affected stakeholders. Despite their appropriate new development within a historic
success, leaders of the Philippine preservation context. Some argue that new architectural
program should strive to enlist more grassroots insertions should represent a continuum of
building traditions and replicate the surrounding in response to economic pressures, civic
historic environment, while others advocate for leaders have promoted their cities by creating
the juxtaposition of new and old, with the new new landmarks, often turning to celebrity
reflecting contemporary expression through architects to create provocative designs that
different forms, styles, materials, and/or strive for individual attention, overshadowing
technologies. Between these two extremes are traditional civic landmarks such as city halls and
design responses that respect traditional cathedrals
architectural forms and hierarchies but are (http://www.getty.edu/conservation/our_projects/
expressed using a contemporary architectural field_projects/cahe/overview.html).
language.
The twentieth century brought rapid A.2 Background of the Study
transformation to the urban landscape and the
A.3 Background of the Project
pace of change continues to increase in the
twenty-first century and, with it, so have threats
to the conservation of historic environments. B. Statement of the Problem
Urban areas face development pressures to C. Significance of the Problem
accommodate unparalleled urban population C.1 significance of the Problem
C.2 Significance of the Study
growth and new economic pressures.
Modernism, the leading architectural force of
D. Goals and Objectives
the twentieth century, broke with traditional
architectural and planning approaches, utilizing E. Scope and Limitations
forms and materials that often contrasted with
the existing historic environment. More recently,
F. Theoretical Framework
G. Definition of Terms
 I. II. CASE STUDY & REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

II. future with a new name to reflect its rebirth: the Juan Luna E-
Services Building.
III. A. Case Study (with Assessment)
VIII. Designed by an architect whose name is now
IV. A.1 Local: Juan Luna E-service Building: from City Bank unfortunately lost in history, the building was completed in 1922
thanks to funding from the El Hogar Mutual Association, AKA its
neighbor across Juan Luna St. It first served as the
headquarters of a trading company, the Pacific Commercial
Company. Then in the 1930s until the 1940s, the building
became the Philippine office of an American bank, the First
to BPO
National City Bank (of New York) which would later be one of
V. the precursor institutions to what would become one of the
leading financial institutions in the world today, Citibank.

IX. In its heyday, it was (and still is) one of the

VI.
imposing buildings to have been built along the northern bank
of the Pasig River. After all, it was hard to miss the classic columnar
VII. Known before as the First National City Bank design meshed with early 20th century building architecture. It fell into
Building, it has been given a new lease of life ready for the a slow steady decline in the following decades as it fell into gradual
disuse. Fortunately, with the dawn of the 21st century came also a
new dawn for this building. Under new ownership, the building was generate power for an asbestos plant, the structure
given a new lease of life thanks to adaptive reuse, now envisioned to was abandoned when the
serve as office space for the country’s thriving business process
outsourcing (BPO) industry. With that came a new name for the
building, now known as the Juan Luna E-Services Building. With a
team headed by architect and writer Augusto Villalon, the building
owner folded after the Depression. In the early 2000s, Summit Realty
went through some structural retrofitting and some changes such as
Advisors bought the site, appreciating its proximity to a rail stop—
the addition of a viewing deck at the topmost floor while keeping many
Philadelphia is 40 minutes away by train—as well as good roads and
of its elements intact.
utility services.
X. As of this writing, some works are still being done but
XIV. The 2008 crash delayed plans, but three years later,
needless to say, the building is almost ready to be leased to interested
construction of an office complex began. Summit used
BPO companies as part of an effort to lure businesses back to the
creative financing, including state and county funds, to realize
capital city and its old business district in Binondo.
this speculative project in tough economic times.
XI. A.2 Foreign: Ambler Boiler House conversion: from
XV. Asbestos was remediated with the help of the
Power Plant to Office
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and state
XII. The shell of a 19th-century industrial plant is grants and loans. The endeavor required 760 man-hours of labor and
converted into three levels of modern office space. the removal of 530 cubic yards of contaminated construction debris
XIII. Like many 19th-century industrial facilities, the and waste. All that remained was a brick shell and steel roof trusses.
Ambler Boiler House long ago outlived its initial use. Built in 1897 to
 XVI. The former two-story plan entailed excessive floor-to- XVII.
floor heights for offices, so the Building Team, led by Heckendorn
XVIII. B. Review of Related Literature (with Assessment)
Shiles Architects, inserted structural steel and concrete slabs to create
three levels. Entryways and windows, many of which had been walled XIX. B.1 Local Literature: The Legarda Ancestral Mansion:

up, were reopened and in filled with high-efficiency store-front glazing. from a house to restaurant

An iconic 140-foot smokestack was retained, and the original monitor XX.
roof profile, now equipped with translucent composite clerestories,
enhances daylighting. Loft-style office spaces are characterized by XX.

references to the past, including exposed brick and reclaimed wood.

XX.
However, the infrastructure is thoroughly modern. In particular, a 54-
well geothermal system makes the building economical to operate, XX.
contributing to a LEED Platinum designation. Since it opened in
August 2012, the development has attracted a mix of tenants, XX. An old art deco house, one of the first art deco

including Summit Realty, Clutch (a mobile app designer), and AEC houses built in San Miguel, Manila circa 1937, the mansion still

firm Core States Group. Did, a boutique healthcare marketing agency, houses the clinic of Ramona's husband and Legarda patriarch Dr.

recently completed a two-story fit-out, with an open communicating Alejandro, his collection of antique cameras and radio equipment, and

stair and a “village green” common space. Ambler Boiler House—first various family memorabilia including valuable artworks of the

an economic engine, then an eyesore—is most emphatically back in country's national artists, and photographs of the original house which

business. document the ambiance of stately dinners and those who came to
wine and dine.
 XXI. The house today is home to La Cocina de Tita
Moning, which is more than a restaurant, Chef Suzette said, as it
offers a dining experience which aims to recreate the elegant
banquets during the 1930's served on no less than antique china.
XXII.
XXIII.
(then called Rixdorf) dating from 1893. In 1993 new facilities were
built on the adjoining premises and the old pumping station was
decommissioned. In 1989 the former pumping station was placed
under preservation order. Over the 13 years following the closedown it
was not possible to find a use for the building, mainly because of its
location, the exceptional size of the hall and the lack of a second
escape route for the upper floors.

XXIV. XXVIII. There had been a survey commissioned by the

XXV. preservation authorities in 2002 that included major concessions such

as new staircases within the hall and big dormers on the roof, but still
XXVI. B.2 Foreign Literature: Berlin Water Pump Plant: Water
no one could be found to buy it. It was only in early 2006, when Berlin-
Pumping Plant to Residential House
based artists Michael Elmgreen and Ingar Dragset caught sight of the
XXVII. house through an online real estate service and spontaneously
decided to make it their new headquarters.
XXVII.
XXIX. The resulting adaptation is a home with a vast floor
XXVII. plan broken up into small “nooks.” It contains two separate private
areas for each of the artists, as well as kitchen, four bathrooms, an
XXVII.
attic living room, and a large living/working space.

XXVII. The building was erected between 1925 and 1926 as

an extension to the first pumping station in Berlin’s Neukoelln district
 XXX.

XXXI. III. SITE PRESENTATION & ANALYSIS

XXXII.

B. Site Selection Criteria LIII. Environmental LIV.

XXXIII.
impact
XXXIV. Criteri XXXV. Description
a
XXXVI. C1. XXXVII. Physical condition, architectural evaluation; structural analysis; LV. Environmental LVI.
Architectural functional changeability, technological difficulties; material and decoration; Quality of Surroundings
refurbishment feasibility; function performance
XXXVIII. C2. XXXIX. Potential market, benefit-cost ratio; life-cycle cost; financial sources;
Economic subsidize; exemption
XL. C3. XLI. Site layout; environmental impact; environmental quality of
Environmental surroundings; energy usage
XLII. C4. XLIII. Compatibility with existing; public interest and support; social value; LVII. Energy Usage LVIII.
Social enhancing community; loss of habitat
XLIV. C5. XLV. Outline Zoning Plan (OZP); Development Permission Area (DPA) Plans;
Legal new policy measures to revitalizing industrial buildings; Wholesale Conversion of
LIX.
Industrial Buildings
LX.
XLVI. Source: Table 41.1 Selection Criteria of adaptive reuse industrial building; Liyin Shen & Kunhui Ye, Proceedings of the 19 th LXI.
International Symposium on Advancement of Constructions Management & Real Estate, April 27, 2015
XLVII.
LXII.
XLVIII.
LXIII. C.4 Social LXIV. Description
XLIX. LXV. Public interest LXVI.
L. A.1 Major
and support
LXVII. Social value LXVIII.
LI. C.3 LII. Description LXIX. Enhancing LXX.
Environmental community
LXXI. Loss of habitat LXXII.
LXXIII.
LXXIV. C.5 Legal XCVI. Benefit-cost ratio XCVII.
 life-cycle cost
 financial sources
LXXV. C.5.1 Outline Zoning Plan (OZP)  subsidize
 exemption
LXXVI. C.5.1.1 Development Permission Area (DPA) Plan XCVIII.

 New policy measures to revitalizing industrial buildings XCIX.

 Wholesale Conversion of Industrial Buildings
C. B. Site Selection
LXXVII.
CI. B.1 Site Selection Process
LXXVIII.
LXXIX.
LXXX.
LXXXI.
LXXXII. A.2 Specific

LXXXIII. C.1 Architectural LXXXIV. Description

LXXXV. Physical condition LXXXVI.
LXXXVII. Architectural evaluation LXXXVIII.
 architectural evaluation
 structural analysis
 functional changeability
LXXXIX. Technological XC.
difficulties
 material and decoration
 refurbishment feasibility
 function performance
XCI.

XCII. C.2 Economic XCIII. Description CII. Source: “A Proposed Histo-Cultural Preservation and Adaptive Reuse of the El Hogar Filipino Building into a Boutique Hotel
XCIV. Potential market XCV. and Café Restaurant”, By: ESPIRITU, Joneveive D. SANSAIT, Toby Mar C. VALDEZ, Andre Patrick M., March 2014
CIII. but in the entire manila that bear the characteristics
the eclectic style of its era, a subtle mixture Beaux-
CIV. B.2 Site Justification
Arts exterior and Art Nouveau interiors in contrasts to
CV. B.2.1 Site Analysis its surviving contemporaries which mostly

CVI. characterize a purist style of Art-Nouveau

architecture; most notably of which are the works of
CVII.
Juan Nakpil in the early 30's, the Metropolitan
Theatre and the Capitol Theatre.

CX.

CXI.

CXII. ARCHITECT & BUILDERS

CXIII. In this aspect the El Hogar falls short of merits, as Arch.

Irureta Goyena - like most architects of his generation - lacks
proper historic documentation of his works and career so
there is no way for the proponents to establish his notability
CVIII.RARITY
as an Architect.
CIX. This
CXIV. MEANING WITHIN ITS SOCIETY'S CULTURE
structure is one of the few
surviving architectural pieces not only in its vicinity,
CXV. The El Hogar Building is a remnant of the glory days of the
old Escolta, its lavish interior and exterior mouldings bear the
marks of the affluence of Manila during its early years. Today
in our city's poverty stricken age, the El Hogar stands as a
testament that we once achieved an age of economic
development that financed a majestic piece of architecture.
CXVI. OWNERSHIP
CXVII. Aside from its close affiliation to the influential family of the
Zobels, The El Hogar Building is primarily owned by Antonio
Melian, a self-made Peruvian tycoon that fashions himself as
''El Conde de Peracamps” or "The Count from Peru". Antonio
Melian cemented his place in local history of Escolta by
creating the EL HOGAR FILIPINO SOCIEDAD MUTUA DE
CONSTUCCION Y PRESTAMOS and the insurance company
called Filipinas Compañía de Seguros. This creation and
ownership of the El Hogar is a monument to our ties to
prominent families in foreign countries during this era.
CXVIII. MATERIALS
CXIX. The El Hogar is a type 2 construction that is comprised
primarily by reinforced concrete and wooden roof members.
CXX. RELATIVE AGE
CXXI. It was built in 1914, and now stands on its 99th year.
CXXII. HISTORY OF ITS VARIOUS USES
CXXIII. El Hogar Filipino is notably the first financial institution in
Manila, a financial cooperative that helped finance the
construction of a number of Manila landmarks, including
Jones Bridge and Metropolitan Theater.
CXXIV. CURRENT LEVEL OF PROTECTION
CXXV. Although the El Hogar Building's age endows it the protection
of the Heritage Law, it is still one of the most undocumented
heritage buildings. During the time that the proponents were
conducting this study, the El Hogar was not recorded as a
historical or cultural landmark by the NHCP and the NCCA.
CXXVI. VIABILITY FOR COMMERCIALIZATION
CXXVII.The area where the El Hogar building is located is a CXL.
commercial zone that is adjacent to Binondo, Escolta, and
CXLI.
Intramuros, two of which are commercial hubs and the latter a
major tourist destination. CXLII.

CXXVIII. C. Site Assessment CXLIII.

CXXIX. C.1 Geographical Setting CXLIV. Source: googleearthsatelite

CXXX. “Any unit that includes all of the organisms (the community) in a given area, the physical environment so that a flow of CXLV. The existing landform is located in front of the El Hogar
energy leads to clearly defined trophic structure, biotic diversity, and material cycles within the system is an ecosystem.”
Filipino building which is the ilog Pasig that stretches from
CXXXI.
Laguna de Bay going to Manila. Its length is 15 kilometers
CXXXII.C.1.1 Landforms which splits the Manila into two. Its major branches are Ilog
Marikina and Ilog San Juan. During the Spanish times, it was
CXXXIII.
a significant route of transportation. At the moment, the river
CXXXIV. were pronounced dead due to pollution. One of the factors

CXXXV. are the urbanized areas surrounding the river and the
informal settles located on the sides of the river along Manila.
CXXXVI.
Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission or PRRC was
CXXXVII. implemented to aid the restoration of the river
CXXXVIII. Source: googleearthsatelite
CXLVI. (src: http://fil.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Ilog_Pasig).
CXXXIX.
CXLVII. C.1.2 Artificial Geographic Features
CXLVIII. CLXII.

CXLIX. CLXIII.

CL. CLXIV.

CLI. C.1.2.1 Settlements and Engineered Constructions CLXV.

CLII. CLXVI.

CLIII. CLXVII.

CLIV. CLXVIII.

CLV. C.2 Site Suitability CLXIX.

CLVI. C.3 Utilities CLXX.

CLVII. C.4 Socio-economic Conditions CLXXI.

CLVIII. CLXXII.

CLIX. CLXXIII.

CLX. CLXXIV.

CLXI. CLXXV.

CLXXVI.