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Index terms Links

accessories for roofs 424


accounting 413 425 435
activities reporting 441
aggregate 6 179
air-support fabric roofs 430
algae discoloration in asphalt
shingles 238
aluminum roofing materials (see
also metal roofing) 354
American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM) 2
architect’s responsibilities on
roofing jobs 26
area calculations, roofs 15
asphalt 82
heating temperatures 84
asphalt roll roofing 184 223
asphalt shingles over old
roll roofing 217
double-coverage roll roofing 232
inspection 236
open valleys and flashing 198
parallel-to-eaves (concealed-
nail) application 223
parallel-to-eaves (double-
coverage) application 233
parallel-to-eaves (exposed-nail)
application 227
parallel-to-rake (concealed-nail)
application 230
parallel-to-rake (double-
coverage) application 234
asphalt roofing (see also asphalt
roll roofing, asphalt shingles) 81 181
asphalt shingles 181
algae discoloration 238
bridging techniques 215
chimney flashing 206 221
counterflashing in brick 206
cricket on roof 206
dormers 198 221
drip edges 209
eave flashing 208
first and successive course
application 190 218
flashing 196 220
giant shingles 222
hexagonal shingles 222
hip finishing 210
ice dams 209
individual shingle applications 222
Index terms Links
asphalt shingles cont.
inspection 236
installation tips 189
interlocking shingles 222
low-slope roofs 210
manufacturer’s recommendations 187
materials used in asphalt roofing 181
mineral granule coatings 181
nailing recommendations 182 184
nesting techniques 215
no-cutout strip shingles 189
patterns for laying three-tab strip
shingles 189
preparing roof for asphalt shingles 185
racking or straight-up application
method 191
random spacing pattern 194
removing old roofing 213
reroofing over old asphalt
roll roofing 217
reroofing over old asphalt shingles 215
reroofing over old BUR roofing 217
reroofing over old slate roofing 218
reroofing over old wooden
shingles 217
reroofing with asphalt shingles 218
ribbon courses 194
ridge finishing 210
saturated felt underlayments 184
shading problems 237
staples vs. nails in asphalt roofing 186
starter course application 190
step flashing 205 221
“telegraphing” of undersurface
unevenness 215
three-tab strip shingles 189
underlayments 188
valley flashing 220
valley shingling 197
closed-cut valley 201
open valley for dormer roof 200
open valley with metal flashing 199
open valleys with asphalt roll
roofing 198
woven valley 201
vent and stack flashing 207 220
wall (step) flashing 205 219
wind resistance 3

backer boards 263


ballast 179
Index terms Links
barricades on roofs 50
barriers for safety 50
base flashing 307
bidding for jobs 14
bird-control devices 485
birdstop or eave closures, tile roofs 334
blowers or air brooms 66
bookkeeping 435
brackets, roof brackets 72
bridging techniques, asphalt shingles 215
built-up roofing (BUR) 64 81
applying BUR materials 93
asphalt 82
asphalt heating temperatures 84
asphalt shingles over old BUR 217
blisters in BUR membranes 121
brooming plies into place 103
caps and flashings 88
cements 90
coal tar 84
cold weather operations 102
expansion joints 117
felts and base sheets 86
fishmouths on BUR membranes 124
“flashing” or igniting of materials 97
flashing (roof flashing) 112 126
glass-fiber mat sheet 87
gravel-surfaced BURs 89
handling, protecting,
storing materials 91
impregnated felts 86
inorganic sheets 87
inspecting BUR systems 126
installation guide 93
insulation attachment to roof decks 106 129
kettles for heating materials 64 97
layers of BUR 81
loose or unbonded edges 193
maintaining BUR membranes 118
mineral-surfaced BURs 90
modified bitumen roofing (MBR)
installation 111
nailing recommendations 108 129
organic felts 86
prepared felts 86
protective coatings 90
pumping hot materials 99
punctures in BUR membranes 125
reflective coatings 90
reroofing BUR systems 128
ridging of BUR membranes 122
Index terms Links
built-up roofing (BUR) cont.
saturated and coated felts 87
saturated roofing felts 86
sheathing paper 90
smooth surface BURs 89
specialized tools and equipment 64 97
splitting of BUR membranes 122
stripping BUR membranes 124
surfacing for BUR systems 89
tanker storage of materials 99
temporary coverings 103
test cuts before reroofing 127
total vs. partial reroofing of BUR
systems 128
venting saturated and coated
inorganic sheets 87
vents and stacks 117
welding the plies together 81
burn off film, MBR materials 171
business of roofing 387
business plan 391
butterfly roofs 10
buttering MBR materials 171

canoe valley, slate roofs 302


catch platforms 52
Cedar Breather ventilation product
wooden shingles and shakes 261
cements and adhesives
built-up roofing (BUR) 90
slate roofs 292
tile roofs 329
ceramic tile (see tile roofs)
change orders 416
chicken ladder 72
chimney flashing 205 221
chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) 140 142
chlorosulfoned polyethylene (CSPE) 141
clay tile (see tile roofs)
clerestory 10
closed-cut valley, asphalt shingles 201
clothing for safety 45
coal tar 84
cold-weather roofing
built-up roofing (BUR) 102
tile roofs 323
wooden shingles and shakes roof
systems 270
computers and office automation 415
automated office 417
bidding 423 425 436
Index terms Links
computers and office automation cont.
billing 427
discounts of materials 439
in the field 425
hardware 442 491
job cost accounting 425 435
job site 426
management 440
marketing 430
materials list from estimate 425
payroll savings 416
questions to ask a salesman 429
for roofers 422 431
scheduling 427
software 421 428 491
spreadsheets 432
wish list of tasks 418 419
word processing 430
contractor’s responsibilities on
roofing jobs 27
contracts 30
conveyors 79
copper roofing materials (see also
metal roofing) 353
counterflashing in brick 205
counterflashing or cap flashing 308
cranes and hoists 74
cricket in roof 205 308
cutters, powered roof cutters 68

Denver International Airport,


fabric roof 486
Department of Transportation
(DOT) 57
Discounts, vendor discounts 439
disposing of wastes 37
dormers 10
asphalt shingles 200 221
flashing 200 221 307
drainage systems (see gutters and
downspouts)
drip edges 210
dryers, roof dryers 66
Dutch lap slate roof 295

eave flashing 210


eave of roof 10
edge-barriers 50
emulsion coatings 179
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) 57
Index terms Links
equipment for roofers 492
estimating costs 14
additional materials estimates 22
hips and valleys, material needed 23
insurance costs 24
labor costs 24
rake length, material needed 22
roof area calculations 17
software for estimating 421
taxes 411
estimating materials
downspouts or leaders 455
gutters and downspouts, design
area for pitched roof 455
roof area calculations 17
slate roofs 282 287
wooden shingles and shakes 245
ethylene propylene diene
terpolymer (EPDM) 64 137
expansion caps or crowns,
metal roofing 379
expansion joints, built-up
roofing (BUR) 117

fabric roofing 486


fall prevention 48
fascia, metal roofing 376
feathering strips 266
Federal unemployment tax (FUTA) 411
felts and base sheets (see
underlayment)
fiber-cement shakes 343
fire safety class ratings 2
fires 100
first-aid for injuries 53
flashing 196
asphalt shingles 221
base flashing 308
built-up roofing (BUR) 88 112 115 117 126
chimney flashing 205 221 309
closed-cut valley 201
counterflashing in brick 205
counterflashing or cap flashing 308
cured elastomeric membrane
flashing 174
dormer flashing 200 221
drip edges 210
eave flashing 210
ice dams 210
materials used in flashing 196
metal roofing 301
Index terms Links
flashing cont.
modified bitumen roofing (MBR) 175
open valley for dormer roof 200
open valley with metal flashing 200
open valleys with asphalt
roll roofing 199
plastic roofing panels 382
PVC-coated or PVC-clad metal
flashing 174
reglets 367
reinforced PVC membrane flashing 175
single-ply roofing 174
slate roofs 302 307
step flashing 205 220
tile roofs 328
uncured elastomeric membrane
flashing 174
valley flashing 197 220
vent and stack flashing 210 220
wall (step) flashing 205 220
wooden shingles and shakes 255
woven valley 201
“flashing” or igniting of materials 97
flowing MBR materials 171
forecasting cash flow 401 404
French-style slate roof 296
future of roofing 485

gable roofs 10
gambrel roofs 10
generators 62
giant asphalt shingles 222
glass-fiber mat sheet 87
glass-fiber reinforcement 6
gravel removers, powered 68
gravel-surfaced BURs 89
green strength of sealants 164
guarantees 443
gutters and downspouts 455
hangers and ferrules 462
inside-outside drain system 470
locating downspouts 470
materials used in gutter
manufacture 459
metal gutter installation 455
metal roofing 379
molded gutter 458
outlet sizing 458
plastic gutter installation 463
ponding on flat roofs 465
replacing gutters and downspouts 464
Index terms Links
gutters and downspouts cont.
shapes of common gutters 461
sizing gutters 458

handling materials (see storing


materials)
heat welding single-ply roofing 135 164 168
hexagonal asphalt shingles 222
high lifts 78
hip roofs 10 23
asphalt shingles 190 212
metal roofing 372
plastic roofing panels 382
slate roofs, saddle, mitred, and
Boston 297
wooden shingles and shakes 253
hoists and cranes 74
holes in roofs, barricading 50
hot-mopping MBR materials 172
hurricane clips, tile roofs 327
hydrokinetic (water shedding)
seams metal roofing 352
hydrostatic (watertight) seams,
metal roofing 352
Hypalon 91

ice dams 209


impedance-method testing 478
impregnated felts 86
increased cash flow for a roofing
business 443
accessories sales 481
change orders 473
fabric structures 485
gutters 455
maintainence contracts 443 451
replacing gutters 464
reroofing 453
roof drain systems 455
warranties as cash flow 443 451
infrared testing equipment 476
inside-outside drain system 470
insulation
built-up roofing (BUR) 106 132
single-ply roofing 155
wooden shingles and shakes 270
insurance 408 411
interlocking asphalt shingles 223
International Association of Fire Cheifs 2
inventory management 35
Index terms Links
jobsite safety checklist 47
just-in-time (JIT) inventory management 35

Kansas bricks (sod roofs) 2


kettles for heating materials 97

ladders 72
laminates for metal roofing 356
leveling cash flow 401 404
liability insurance 411
life expectancy of roofing materials 3
lifting safely 46 48
low-slope roofs 4
aggregate 5
asphalt shingles 210
built-up roofing (BUR) 5
climate vs. slope 4
glass-fiber reinforcement 5
membrane comp onents 5
metal roofing 352
modified bitumen roofing (MBR) 5
ponding problems 465
single-ply membranes 7
wooden shingles and shakes 252

maintenance of roofs 451


management, art of 388 390
mansard roofs 10
wooden shingles and shakes 266
manufacturer’s responsibilities on
roofing jobs 26
marketing 402 406
Medicare taxes (FICA) 411
membrane roofing (see also
single-ply membrane roofs) 5 64
aggregate 5
built-up roofing (BUR) 81
glass-fiber reinforcement 7
modified bitumen roofing (MBR) 111 147 171
single-ply membranes 5
metal roofing 9 347
advantages of metal roofing 347
aluminum roofing materials 354
application of metal roofing 363
concealed clip for fastening 351
concealed-fastener systems 360
configuration of basic metal panels 350
copper roofing materials 353
curbs 365
custom details 375
diagonal edges 377
Index terms Links
metal roofing cont.
eave fascia with trim strip 377
expansion caps or crowns 379
exposed-fastener systems 359
fascia 376
fastening panels to roof 359
gutters 379
handling and storing metal roofing 359
hip roofs 372
history of metal roofing 347
hybrid systems 352
hydrokinetic (water shedding) seams 352
hydrostatic (watertight) seams 352
laminates for metal roofing 356
low-slope roofs 352
maintaining metal roofing 380
manufacture of metal roofing 348
oil-canning effect 381
paint for metal roofing 356
panel endlaps 368
panel-slip fastener clips 361
panels 363
parapet flashing 375
pipe flashing 365
plastic roofing panels 382
protective coatings 355
purlin roll 359
purlin-slip fastener clips 361
rake edge or endwall flashing 374
recoating metal roofing 380
reglets 367
repairing metal roofing 380
ridge caps 368
roll former tools 358
sealing terminations 365
seamers, power seamer tools 358
stainless steel roofing materials 355
steep-slope roofs 352
structural vs. architectural metal
roofing 350
substrate preparation 363
three-piece seams 362
tools for metal roofing 357
two-piece fastener clips 361
valleys 373
wall and peak cap 377
metric conversion chart 532
mineral granules 179
mineral-surfaced BURs 89
Index terms Links
modified bitumen roofing (MBR) 6 110 147 175
burn off film 171
buttering MBR materials 171
flashing 174
flowing MBR materials 171
hot-mopping MBR materials 172
self-adhered MBR systems 173

nail stripper 61
nailing recommendations
asphalt shingles 186
built-up roofing (BUR) 108 133
metal roofing 359
slate roofs 290
staples vs. nails in asphalt roofing 185
tile roofs 324
wooden shingles and shakes 259 263
National Fire Protection Association 2
National Roofing Contractors
Association (NRCA) 3 57
neoprene 140
nesting techniques, asphalt shingles 215
nitrile alloys (NBP) 144
nonvulcanized, uncured elastomers 141
nuclear test equipment 478

Occupational Safety and Health


Administration (OSHA) 49 57
oil-canning effect on metal roofing 381
open slating slate roof 294
organic felts 85
organizations for roofers 492
Oriental-style tile roofs 337
owner responsibilities spelled
out before job begins 26

paint for metal roofing 356


parapet flashing, metal roofing 375
patch-scratchers 68
pitch (see slope)
planning and preparation 13
architect’s responsibilities 26
bidding for jobs 14
contractor’s responsibilities 26
contracts 30
disposing of wastes 37
estimating costs 14
inventory management 35
owner responsibilities spelled out 26
preroofing conferences 25
scheduling jobs and work 34
Index terms Links
plastic roofing panels 382
pneumatic tools 62
polychloroprene 140
polyisobutylene (PIB) 143
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 144
products for roofing 492
protective coatings 447
metal roofing 355
wooden shingles and shakes 275
pumping hot materials 99
pumps 67
purlin roll, metal roofing 358

rake of roof 9
metal roofing 374
reflective coatings 179
built-up roofing (BUR) 90
single-ply roofing 179
reglets, metal roofing 367
ribbon courses, asphalt shingles 194
ridge of roof 9
asphalt shingles 210
metal roofing 368
plastic roofing panels 384
slate roofs, saddle and combing 297
tile roofs 329
wooden shingles and shakes 253
roll asphalt roofing
materials used in asphalt roofing 181
preparing roof for asphalt shingles 185
saturated felt underlayments 184
underlayments 188
roof area calculations 17
roofing supplies 492
roof or chicken ladder 72
roof removers, powered 68
roof types 10
rubber roofing (see ethylene propylene
diene terpolymer (EPDM))

saddles in roof, slate roofs 309


safety 45
catch platforms 52
clothing for safety 45
Department of Transportation (DOT) 57
Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) 57
fall prevention 45
first-aid for injuries 53
“flashing” or igniting of materials 99
holes in roofs, barricading 50
Index terms Links
safety cont.
jobsite safety checklist 47 55 56
kettles for heating materials 97
ladder safety 49
lifting safely 46 48
National Roofing Contractors
Association 57
Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) 48 57
roof edge-barriers 52
safety programs 57
scaffold safety 49
training for safety 46
warning line system 50 52
sales 402 407 409 410
saturated and coated felts 85
saturated felt underlayments 184
saturated roofing felts 85
scaffolds 73
scheduling jobs and work 34
scissor-lift trucks or high lifts 78
sealants (see also protective coatings)
single-ply roofing 163
tile roofs 329
wooden shingles and shakes 275
setting goals 393
shading problems in asphalt
shingles 237
sheathing paper, built-up
roofing (BUR) 89
shed roofs 10
shingles (see asphalt shingles,
fiber-cement shakes, wooden
shingles and shakes)
side businesses 408
single-ply membrane roofs 5 6 60 135
aggregate 179
application of single-ply materials 156
ballast 179
ballasted systems 139 158
base ply attachment 155
bonding adhesives 162
chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) 140 146
chlorosulfoned polyethylene (CSPE) 141
emulsion coatings 179
ethylene propylene diene
terpolymer (EPDM) 137
flashing 174
fully adhered systems 139 142 167
fully attached systems 160
green strength of sealants 161
Index terms Links
single-ply membrane roofs cont.
heat welding 139 164 168
hot-mopping MBR materials 172
Hypalon 141
insulation 155
lap dimensions 156
laying lines 156
loose-laid systems 165
mechanically fastened systems 140
mineral granules 179
modified bitumen roofing (MBR) 147 171
neoprene 140
nitrile alloys (NBP) 144
nonvulcanized, uncured elastomers 140
open time or window for seaming 62
partially attached systems 158 166
polyisobutylene (PIB) 143
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 144
preparing the roof 150
reflective coatings 179
rubber roofing 137
sealants 163
seaming single-ply materials 161 168
self-adhered MBR systems 173
self-surfaced membranes 179
splicing adhesives 162
substrate material application 154
surfacing 179
tapes 164
thermoplastics 144 165
thermosets 136 157
vinyls 144
vulcanized elastomers 137
slate roofs 279
additions and alterations to slate roofs 311
asphalt shingles over old slate roofs 218
base flashing 308
cement for slates 292
characteristics of slate 281
chimney flashing 309
colors of slate 281
counterflashing or cap flashing 308
cutting slates for roofing 281
designing slate roofs 293
dormer flashing 307
Dutch lap slate roof 295
eave finishing 307
estimating amounts needed 282
exposure of slates 296
flashing 307
French-style slate roof 296
Index terms Links
slate roofs cont.
gable finishing 307
graduated slate roof design 294
grain of slate 281
handling materials 292
hip roofs, saddle, mitred, and Boston 301
lath spacing and slate length 311
maintenance of slate roofs 313
manufacture of slates for roofing 279
nailing recommendations 290
open slating slate roof 293
repairing and replacing slates 313
reroofing 310
ribbon vs. clear slate 281
ridge finishing, saddle and combing 240
saddles or crickets 309
square as unit of measurement 282
standard slate roof design 292
starter course 294
textured slate roofs 293
tools for slate installation 288
underlayment felts 289
unfading slate 281
valley shingling 302
weathering slate 281
weight of slate roof 287
slope 4
area of roof, using pitch and
inclined areas 17
low-slope roofs (see low-sloped roof)
steep-slope roofs (see steep-slope roofs)
smoke hatches on roof 80
smooth-surfaced BURs 88
snow-retention/snow guard devices 482
Social Security taxes (FICA) 411
sod roofs 1
soffits for ventilation 260
software 421 491
software work packages (see
computers and office automation)
Spanish or S tile designs 334
specialized equipment 64
square as unit of measurement,
slate roofs 282
stainless steel roofing materials
(see also metal roofing) 355
steep-slope roofs 6
asphalt shingles 7
butterfly roofs 10
clay tile 8
clerestory 10
Index terms Links
steep-slope roofs cont.
cricket in roof 10
dormers 10
eave of roof 9
fiber-cement shingles 9
gable roofs 10
gambrel roofs 10
hip roofs 10
mansard roofs 10
metal roofing 9
rake of roof 10
ridge of roof 10
shed roofs 10
slate roofs 8
valley of roof 10
wooden shingles 8
step flashing 203 220
storing materials
built-up roofing (BUR) 91
slate roofs 292
tanker storage of materials 99
tiles 322
subcontractors 412
sweepers 70

takeoffs 15
tanker storage of materials 99
taxes and government overhead 411
“telegraphing” of undersurface
unevenness, asphalt shingles 215
telescopic hoists 77
testing 476
impedance-method testing 478
infrared testing equipment 476
nuclear test equipment 478
thatched roofs 1
thermoplastics 144 165
thermosets, single-ply roofing 135 157
tile roofs 8 315
birdstop or eave closures 334
broken tiles 322
cements 329
cold weather design 323
colored-tile patterns 324
coloring clay tiles 316
coloring concrete tiles 320
cutting tiles 322
deck surface preparation 321
drains 323
fastening tiles 324
fiber-cement shakes 343
Index terms Links
tile roofs cont.
flashing 328
flat-tile application 329
handling tiles 322
installation guide 329
low-slope, mortar-set roofs 340
manufacturing clay tile 315
manufacturing concrete tiles 319
narrow tiles 322
Oriental-style tile roofs 337
preparing roof for tile 321
reroofing 341
ridges 332
roll or mission tile application 332
sealants 320
shapes available in clay tiles 317
slope of roof matched to tile 321
Spanish or S tile designs 334
starter course 329
storing tiles 322
turret tile 337
two-piece roll or barrel layout 334
underlayment 321
wind hazard areas, hurricane clips 327
wiring tiles to roof 326
tools and equipment 59
blowers or air brooms 66
brackets, roof brackets 74
conveyors 79
cranes and hoists 74
cutters, powered roof cutters 68
dryers, roof dryers 66
evolution of roofing tools and
equipment 59
generators 62
gravel removers, powered 68
hand tools 61
high lifts 78
hoists and cranes 74
impedance-method testing 478
infrared testing equipment 476
kettles for heating materials 65
ladders 72
light-weight roofing tools and
equipment 61
maintaining tools and equipment 78
mechanization of roofing tools 59
metal roofing 347
nuclear test equipment 478
patch-scratchers 68
pneumatic tools 62
Index terms Links
tools and equipment cont.
power tools and equipment 62
pumps 67
roll formers 358
roof or chicken ladder 73
roof-removers, powered 68
safety 59
scaffolds 73
scissor-lift trucks or high lifts 78
seamers, power seamers 358
slate roofs 288
specialized equipment 64
sweepers 70
trash chutes 71
vacuum systems 70
water-removal tools 66
track hoists 11
trash chutes 71
trolley hoists 78
turret tile 337

underlayment
asphalt shingles 188
built-up roofing (BUR) 86
glass-fiber mat sheet 87
impregnated felts 86
saturated and coated felts 86
saturated felt underlayments 184
saturated roofing felts 85
sheathing paper, built-up
roofing (BUR) 91
slate roofs 289
tile roofs 321
Underwriters’ Laboratories (UL) 2
unemployment insurance 411
unfading slate 281
utility knives 61

vacuum systems 70
valley of roof 10 197
canoe valley, slate roofs 302
closed-cut valley 201
metal roofing 373
open valley for dormer roof 200
open valley with metal flashing 199
plastic roofing panels 382
slate roofs 302
wooden shingles and shakes 257
woven valley 201
value engineering 29
Index terms Links
vapor barrier for wooden shingles
and shakes roofs 261
vendor discounts 439
ventilators on roof 481
vents and stacks
built-up roofing (BUR) 112
flashing 207 220 260
vinyls 145
vulcanized elastomers, single-ply
roofing 137

walkways on roof 481


wall (step) flashing 200 220
warning line system for safety 50 62
warranties and guarantees 443
water-removal tools 66
weathering slate 281
wind resistance 3
wooden shingles and shakes 241
asphalt shingles over old wooden
shingles 217
backer boards 266
Cedar Breather ventilation product 262
cold-weather roof systems 270
corrugated decks 269
eave protection 255
estimating quantities needed 245
exposure for shingles 246
feathering strips 266
flashing 255
general design details 245
grading shingles and shakes 241
graduated exposure for effect 274
hips and ridges 253
ice dams 287
insulation 267
low-slope roofs 252
mansard roofs 266
materials used in wooden shingles
and shakes 241
nailing recommendations 259 263
novel and distinctive effects 218
pressure-treated wooden shingles
and shakes 244 275
reroofing 63
rolled eave and gable effect 272
roof junctures 255
shake application 250
sheathing for shakes 247
sheathing for shingles 247
sheet decks 269
Index terms Links
wooden shingles and shakes cont.
shingle application 249
soffits for ventilation 263
staggered lines for effect 274
strapping 267
taper-, straight-, and hand-split
and resawn 241
thatched-roof effects 272
tilted strips at gables for effect 274
treating wooden roofs 275
valley shingling 257
vapor barrier for roof 261
vent and stack flashing 260
ventilation of roof and attic 263
workers’ compensation insurance 411
woven valley, asphalt shingles 201

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